JP4698718B2 - Wind turbine generator group control device and control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind power generator group (wind farm) including a plurality of wind power generators that supply electric power generated using wind energy to an electric power system.

  In recent years, the introduction of wind power generation has become popular worldwide as one of the measures against global warming. When introducing a large amount of wind power generation, it is often installed as a wind farm in which multiple wind power generation devices are installed in a certain area from a cost-effective viewpoint, and these wind power generation devices are controlled and operated in an integrated manner. It has become.

  So far, various proposals have been made regarding wind farms and individual wind power generators. In Patent Document 1, a target power generation amount is set in a wind farm composed of a plurality of wind power generation devices, and the wind power generation device is used to bring the total output power of each wind power generation device constituting the wind farm closer to the target power generation amount. A method is disclosed in which operation information such as maintenance history data and operation characteristic data is exchanged to determine an operation pattern of the wind turbine generator.

  Patent Document 2 describes a control method for suppressing output fluctuations by changing the maximum value of the power curve of a wind turbine generator with large output fluctuations by pitch control or the like.

  Patent Document 3 describes a control method in which a capacitor is connected to a wind power generator, a deviation from a set reference generated power is adjusted by charge / discharge control of the capacitor, and fluctuations in generated power are suppressed.

  In Patent Document 4, a laser-type anemometer utilizing the Doppler effect is installed in a wind power generator, and the wind speed of the near future in the wind power generator is measured by measuring the wind direction wind speed at a location separated from the position of the wind power generator. A control method is described in which power generation output is made constant by predicting the above and performing control according to the predicted value.

JP 2002-349413 A JP 2001-234845 A JP 2002-27679 A JP 2004-301116 A

  As wind power generators whose power generation output fluctuates depending on weather conditions are increasingly introduced into the power system, there are concerns about the effects of maintaining the voltage and frequency of the power system when the number of wind power generators increases in the future.

  Speaking of frequency maintenance, power companies in each region have so far balanced demand and supply mainly by combining various power sources against fluctuations in demand. When a large amount of wind power generation is connected to the power system, a negative load is superimposed on the conventional demand. Depending on the combination of fluctuations in demand and wind power output, it is expected that a higher supply-demand adjustment capability will be required.

  Demand fluctuation is thought to be a superposition of pulsating components with various amplitudes and periods with small variation widths and irregular fluctuations, and the components are minute fluctuations of up to several minutes, ranging from several minutes to about 10 to several minutes. Are divided into three main components of a long period fluctuation of 10 minutes or more. The above three components are also included in the power generation output of wind power generation.

  With respect to the above demand fluctuations, minute fluctuations up to a few minutes can be adjusted by governor-free operation using the governor of the power plant. For short cycle fluctuations with a period of several minutes to about 10 and several minutes, the frequency output is detected and the generator output of the frequency adjustment power plant is changed. This is called load frequency control (LFC). Yes. For long-period fluctuations with longer periods, adjustments are made by sending a power generation command to each power plant in consideration of economic efficiency, which is called economic load distribution control (ELD).

  When a large amount of wind power generation is introduced, the second load frequency control (LFC) is particularly problematic. When fluctuations in wind power generation output are superimposed on demand (load) fluctuations, it is conceivable that the installed capacity of the frequency adjustment power plant will be insufficient. However, simply increasing the installed capacity of the frequency-regulated power plant is an economic burden and requires some alternative means.

  So far, as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it has been studied to adjust the number of operating units in the wind farm or to limit the maximum value of the power curve to reduce the output fluctuation. . The method of limiting the maximum value of the power curve can alleviate the fluctuation to some extent, but when the wind speed suddenly drops, the power generation output will be reduced, so the fluctuation occurs, for example, thermal power connected to the power system There is a risk of adverse effects such as voltage fluctuations and frequency fluctuations on power supplies and loads (consumers) such as power plants and nuclear power plants.

  Moreover, in the method of installing a storage battery (storage battery) as in Patent Document 3, fluctuations can be mitigated by appropriately performing charge / discharge control of the storage battery, but the cost burden of the wind power generation company by installing the storage battery is large. There is a problem.

  It is possible to reduce or suppress wind power generation output fluctuation to some extent by predicting near-future wind speed and performing control based on the predicted value without providing new expensive equipment. If a Doppler laser anemometer is used as in Patent Document 4, there is an advantage that the wind direction wind speed can be measured not only at the installation position of the wind power generation apparatus that measures the normal wind direction wind speed but also at a remote peripheral position. . However, the Doppler laser anemometer has a limited range of laser light that is necessary for the measurement. Especially when the area of the wind farm is large, the cost burden of the wind power generation company that installs the laser anemometer There is a growing problem.

  The objective of this invention is suppressing the fluctuation | variation of the electric power output from a wind farm to an electric power grid | system, and maintaining a fixed output. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control device method and control method for a group of wind power generators that can effectively make short-cycle fluctuations of several minutes to 10 and several minutes effective from the viewpoint of power system control.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wind power generator group composed of a plurality of wind power generators connected to an electric power system via a transmission line and capable of variable rotation speed and variable pitch control. The wind power generator group includes a wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, an individual control device provided in each wind power generator and transmitting / receiving operation information including wind direction and wind power of each wind power generator via a communication network, and , Comprising a centralized control device that receives information from the individual control device via the communication network and computes output fluctuations, and according to the output command value transmitted from the centralized control device to each wind turbine generator It controls the operation of the wind power generator group.

  In addition, the central control device is a transmission / reception means for receiving operation information sent from each wind power generator, wind speed fluctuation prediction means for predicting near-future wind speed fluctuation for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, Output prediction means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction, and wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group becomes large Dynamic energy storage command means for storing and releasing wind energy stored as rotational energy when the total output of the wind power generator group decreases, and maintaining the output of the wind power generator group constant It is characterized by.

  In addition, the dynamic energy accumulation command means is a rotation speed increase command for accumulating wind energy as rotational energy of each wind power generator during a time period when the total output of the wind power generator group predicted by the output predictor is large. And a rotational speed lowering command means for releasing the wind energy accumulated as the rotational energy of each wind power generator during a time period when the predicted total output of the wind power generator group is small. .

  In addition, when the output of the wind power generator group is controlled to be constant according to an output command from the central control device, the constant output is obtained from the wind speed prediction error, provided with at least one power storage device connected to the power transmission line. When there is a deviation from the above, the deviation is compensated by charge / discharge power of the power storage device.

  Further, the central control device and the individual control device have different control software provided in the same hardware.

  Furthermore, in the control method of a wind power generator group composed of a plurality of wind power generators that can be controlled with a variable rotation speed and variable pitch connected to a power system via a transmission line, the wind power generator group includes: An individual control device provided in each wind turbine generator and a central control device that transmits and receives operation information including wind direction and wind power of each wind turbine generator via a communication network, and calculates output fluctuations. From the central controller The operation of the wind power generator group is controlled according to the output command value.

  Further, it receives the operation information sent from each wind power generator, predicts near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, and based on the prediction of the wind speed fluctuation, Predict output fluctuations in the future, accumulate wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group increases, and rotate energy when the total output of the wind power generator group decreases The accumulated wind energy is discharged, and the output of the wind power generator group is maintained constant.

  The present invention includes an individual control device provided in each wind power generator and a centralized control device that performs output prediction calculation based on information of the individual control device, and the wind direction and the wind direction measured by each wind power generator in the wind farm with a simple configuration. The output fluctuation of the wind farm in the near future can be predicted from the measured wind speed. In addition, the output fluctuation of the wind farm can be stored and released as rotational energy by increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of each wind power generator, so that the output fluctuation can be suppressed and the output of the wind farm can be kept constant. Can be reduced.

  In addition, it is possible to reduce the capacity of the power storage device additionally installed for the purpose of suppressing the output fluctuation of the wind farm, thereby reducing the cost.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. The wind farm 100 is connected to the power system 7 at one location, and supplies power to the customer 8 from the power system 7 and the wind farm 100.

  The wind farm 100 is composed of a plurality of wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 that can control the variable rotation speed and variable pitch. Each wind power generator is connected to the electric power system 7 through a transmission line 9. An anemometer 21, 22, 23 and individual control devices 31, 32, 33 are connected to the wind power generators 11, 12, 13, and the individual control devices 31, 32, 33 are mutually connected via the communication network 5. And is connected to the centralized control device 41. Reference numeral 42 denotes a storage device that stores output characteristic data of each wind turbine generator.

  When the wind of the wind direction represented by the arrow 6 is blowing, it is the wind power generator 11 that first reaches the fluctuation of the wind speed in the wind farm 100. The individual control device 31 attached to the wind power generator 11 transmits the wind direction and the wind speed measured by the wind direction anemometer 21 to the centralized control device 41 via the communication network 5. Similarly, wind direction and wind speed data of other wind turbine generators are also transmitted to the centralized controller 41. The centralized control device 41 determines from the received wind direction data that the wind power generator 11 is most upwind in the wind farm 100, and the time change of the wind speed fluctuation reaching the other wind power generators 12, 13 from the wind speed data. Predict.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for predicting fluctuations in wind speed reaching each wind turbine generator. Fig.2 (a) shows the relationship between arrangement | positioning of a wind power generator, and a wind direction wind force. FIG.2 (b) shows the arrival time delay to each wind power generator of a wind force fluctuation | variation. The relationship between the arrangement of the wind power generator and the wind direction is shown. It is assumed that the distance L and the direction θ to the other wind power generators are input to the storage device 42 in advance as known data, starting from the wind power generator 11 at which the wind speed fluctuation first reaches. A time delay T2 from the wind speed measured by the wind turbine generator 11 until the wind speed fluctuation reaches the wind turbine generator 12 at time T12 is expressed by (Equation 1). Similarly, the arrival time delay T3 of the wind speed fluctuation reaching the other wind turbine generator 13 in the wind farm 100 at time T13 is obtained.

図３は集中制御装置４１の構成を示すブロック図である。図において、通信ネットワーク５から得られた各風力発電装置の風向、風速データ、出力データは送受信手段５１を経由して風速変動予測手段５２に入力されてウィンドファーム１００全体の近未来の風速が予測される。風速予測データはさらに出力予測手段５３に入力され、同じくウィンドファーム１００全体の近未来の出力が予測される。出力予測データは次に動的エネルギー蓄積指令手段５４に入力され、あらかじめ設定された予定出力と比較される。動的エネルギー蓄積指令手段５４はさらに回転数上昇指令手段５５と回転数下降指令手段５６を有する。出力予測データが予定出力より高い場合は、回転数上昇指令手段５５により風力発電装置の回転を高めて風力エネルギーを風力発電装置の回転エネルギーとして蓄積する。一方、出力予測データが予定出力より低い場合は、回転数下降指令手段５６により風力発電装置の回転を低下させて蓄積された回転エネルギーを放出して出力の平均化を図る。記憶装置４２に保存された各風力発電装置の出力特性データは、出力予測手段５３、動的エネルギー蓄積指令手段５４に与えられ、出力予測に用いられる。前記集中制御装置および個別制御装置は、コンピュータシステム上で作動する制御ソフトウェアから構成することができ、その場合は同一のコンピュータシステムに設けられた異なる制御ソフトウェアから構成することができる。

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the central control device 41. In the figure, the wind direction, wind speed data, and output data of each wind turbine generator obtained from the communication network 5 are input to the wind speed fluctuation predicting means 52 via the transmitting / receiving means 51 to predict the near-future wind speed of the entire wind farm 100. Is done. The wind speed prediction data is further input to the output prediction means 53, and the output in the near future of the entire wind farm 100 is also predicted. The output prediction data is then input to the dynamic energy storage command means 54 and compared with a preset scheduled output. The dynamic energy storage command means 54 further includes a rotation speed increase command means 55 and a rotation speed decrease command means 56. When the output prediction data is higher than the scheduled output, the rotation speed increase command means 55 increases the rotation of the wind turbine generator and accumulates the wind energy as the rotation energy of the wind turbine generator. On the other hand, when the output prediction data is lower than the scheduled output, the rotation speed decrease command means 56 reduces the rotation of the wind power generator and releases the accumulated rotational energy to average the output. The output characteristic data of each wind turbine generator stored in the storage device 42 is given to the output predicting means 53 and the dynamic energy storage command means 54 and used for output prediction. The central control device and the individual control device can be configured by control software that operates on a computer system, and in that case, can be configured by different control software provided in the same computer system.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing prediction results of wind speed fluctuations reaching each wind turbine generator predicted by the above method. Fig.4 (a) shows the measured value of the wind speed fluctuation | variation of the wind power generator 11 in the present time. FIG. 4B shows a predicted value of the wind speed fluctuation of the wind turbine generator 12 after the time T2. Similarly, FIG.4 (c) shows the predicted value of the wind speed fluctuation | variation of the wind power generator 13 after time T3 progress.

  FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship (power curve) between the wind speed and the wind turbine generator output. This characteristic data is stored in advance in the storage device 42 connected to the centralized control device 41, and is called by the centralized control device 41 during the wind farm output prediction calculation. When wind power generators having different characteristics are installed in the wind farm 100, the characteristic data of all wind power generators existing in the wind farm 100 are stored and used for the prediction calculation.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the prediction results of the wind speed fluctuation prediction results of FIG. 4 and the output fluctuation of each wind power generator in the wind farm 100 and the total output fluctuation of the wind farm 100 from the power curve of FIG. . FIG. 6A shows the output prediction of each wind turbine generator, and points P1, P2, and P3 on the graphs having different concentrations indicate the output prediction results of each wind turbine generator at each time point. FIG. 6B shows the predicted total output of the wind farm 100, and the sum of P1, P2 and P3 is the wind farm predicted total output Psum. An output capable of stable control at a constant value is calculated based on the fluctuation range of Psum. Psum ′ is the minimum value of the predicted total output within the time range (20 minutes in FIG. 6) subject to constant control, and when this is set as the output of constant control, the control command to each wind turbine generator Is instructed to limit the output as shown in FIG. In this case, the control command to each wind turbine generator is as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a control command to each wind turbine generator. FIG. 8A shows the outputs P1, P2, and P3 of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 at the output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the output P1 + P2 + P3 = Psum of the wind farm 100, which is the sum thereof. FIG. 8B shows the output restriction control result when the control is performed with the minimum value Psum. Tc is an output restriction command cycle.

  In FIG. 8, the control command setting method for each wind turbine generator will be described for each control time of (1), (2), and (3).

  (1) is a case where P1 + P2 + P3> Psum 'and P1 + P2 <Psum', and at this time, P1 '= P2' = P3 'and P1' + P2 '+ P3' = Psum 'are determined. When P1 ′ <P1, P2 ′ <P2, and P3 ′ <P3, the remaining wind power generator bears the shortage.

  (2) is the case of P1 + P2> Psum ′, and the outputs of P1 and p2 having surplus power are reduced so that P1 ′ = P2 ′ = P3 ′ and P1 ′ + P2 ′ + P3 ′ = Psum ′. To do. In terms of energy, P3 ′ = 0 may be used, but operation without stopping only one unit can make the operation in the wind farm more uniform, and the deterioration of the wind power generator can be made uniform, so that the maintenance cost is high. There are benefits.

  (3) is the case of P1 + P2 + P3 = Psum ', and in this case, P1' = P1, P2 '= P2, and P3' = P3 with the original output.

  In the control method of FIG. 8 described above, the output fluctuation can be suppressed, but the energy loss becomes large because the output higher than Psum 'cannot be output. Accordingly, a control method for reducing the energy loss by storing the wind energy as the rotational energy of the wind power generator and increasing the output of the constant control to the average value Psum ″ of the total output in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a control command to each wind turbine generator. FIG. 9A shows the outputs P1, P2, and P3 of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 at the output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the output P1 + P2 + P3 of the wind farm 100, which is the sum thereof. FIG. 9B shows the output restriction control result when the control is performed with Psum ″. FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing the rotational speed-output characteristic of the wind turbine generator. In FIG. 10, conventionally, variable speed control is performed so as to increase the maximum output in each wind speed region as indicated by a dotted line.

  In FIG. 9, the average value of the predicted power generation amount Psum for the output fluctuation evaluation time Te is determined as Psum ″. In the time zone (1) where the predicted power generation amount is larger than Psum ″, based on the characteristic diagram shown in FIG. 10, the rotational speed command value for each wind turbine generator is increased above the maximum output rotational speed and the output is decreased. The wind energy is accumulated as the rotational energy of the wind power generator. On the other hand, in the time zone (2) where the predicted power generation amount is smaller than Psum ″, the rotational energy stored in the time zone (1) is released by gradually decreasing the rotational speed of the wind power generator, and Psum ″. Control to maintain the output of.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram in a case where the present invention is applied to a wind farm 100 in which a power storage device 50 is supplementarily provided in a plurality of wind power generators 11, 12, and 13.

  Conventionally, when installing a power storage device for the purpose of suppressing the output fluctuation of the wind farm, it is necessary to absorb all output fluctuations generated in the wind farm by charging and discharging the power storage device, so the capacity of the power storage device is large. There is a problem that the cost becomes high. In the present invention, the output of the wind farm can be controlled constantly without using a power storage device. However, there is a possibility that an error may occur in the prediction of the wind speed in the near future of each wind turbine generator, and the output of the wind farm is slightly deviated from the constant value. . The power storage device 50 only has to compensate for this deviation by charging and discharging, and the capacity of the power storage device can be reduced compared to the conventional case, and the installation cost of the power storage device can be reduced.

It is a block diagram of the wind farm which shows the concept of the Example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the prediction method of the arrival time of the wind speed fluctuation | variation to each wind power generator. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the centralized control apparatus of this invention Example. It is a graph showing the prediction result of the wind speed fluctuation | variation of each wind power generator. It is a characteristic view showing the characteristic of the prediction wind speed and output electric power of a wind power generator. It is a graph showing the prediction result of the output of each wind power generator, and a wind farm total output. It is a schematic diagram showing the system which changes the power curve of a wind power generator by output restrictions. It is a schematic diagram showing the system which keeps a wind farm output constant by the output restriction control to each wind power generator. It is the schematic diagram showing the system which accumulate | stores and discharge | releases wind energy as rotational energy by the rotation speed command to each wind power generator, and keeps a wind farm output constant. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the rotation speed of a wind power generator and an output. It is a block diagram which shows the wind farm which provided the electrical storage apparatus of this invention side by side.

Explanation of symbols

5 ... communication network, 6 ... wind direction, 7 ... electric power system, 8 ... customer, 9 ... transmission line,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11, 12, 13 ... Wind power generator, 21, 22, 23 ... Wind direction anemometer, 31, 32, 33 ... Individual control device, 41 ... Central control device, 42 ... Memory | storage device, 50 ... Power storage device, 51 ... Transmission / reception means 52 ... Wind speed fluctuation prediction means, 53 ... Output prediction means, 54 ... Dynamic energy storage command means, 55 ... Speed increase command means, 56 ... Speed decrease command means, 100 ... Wind farm

Claims (7)

In the control device of the wind turbine generator group composed of a plurality of wind turbine generators that can be controlled with a variable rotation speed and variable pitch connected to the power system via a transmission line,
The wind power generation device group includes a wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generation device, a centralized control device that computes output fluctuation , a wind direction of each wind power generation device provided in each wind power generation device and via a communication network, An individual control device that transmits and receives operation information including wind power to and from the central control device ,
The centralized control device receives information from the individual control device via the communication network and computes output fluctuations ,
The centralized control device includes a receiving means for receiving operation information sent from the wind turbine generator, a wind velocity fluctuation estimation means for estimating the wind velocity fluctuations in the near future for the wind turbine generator groups based on the operation information, the air velocity Output prediction means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind turbine generator group based on fluctuation prediction, and storing wind energy as rotational energy of the wind turbine generator group when the total output of the wind turbine generator group becomes large Dynamic energy storage command means for releasing wind energy stored as rotational energy when the total output of the wind power generator group decreases , and maintaining the output of the wind power generator group constant ,
The wind turbine generator group control apparatus controls the operation of the wind turbine generator group according to an output command value transmitted from the centralized controller to each wind turbine generator. apparatus. In the control apparatus of the wind power generator group according to claim 1 ,
The dynamic energy accumulation command means includes a rotation speed increase command means for accumulating wind energy as rotational energy of each wind power generator in a time zone in which the total output of the wind power generator group predicted by the output predictor is large. Wind power generation, comprising: a rotation speed decrease command means for releasing wind energy accumulated as rotation energy of each wind power generator in a time zone when the predicted total output of the wind power generator group is small Control device for the device group. In the wind power generator group according to claim 1 or 2 ,
When at least one power storage device connected to the power transmission line is provided, and when the output of the wind power generator group is controlled to be constant according to an output command from the centralized control device, from the wind speed prediction error, When there is a deviation, the deviation is compensated by charge / discharge power of the power storage device. In the wind power generator group according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The centralized control device and the individual control device have different control software provided on the same hardware, respectively. In the control apparatus of the wind power generator group of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
  The wind speed fluctuation predicting means predicts a time change of wind speed fluctuation reaching another wind power generation apparatus from wind speed data of the wind power generation apparatus where the wind speed fluctuation first arrives. . In a method of controlling a wind turbine generator group composed of a plurality of wind turbine generators that can be controlled with a variable rotation speed and variable pitch connected to a power system via a transmission line,
The wind power generator group includes a central control device that transmits and receives the operation information including the wind direction and wind power of each wind power generator via the communication network and the individual control device provided in each wind power generator, and calculates the output fluctuation. Prepared,
Receiving the operation information sent from each wind turbine generator, predicting near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind turbine generator group based on the operation information, and based on the prediction of the wind speed fluctuation Predicting output fluctuations, storing wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group increases, and as rotational energy when the total output of the wind power generator group decreases The accumulated wind energy is discharged, the output of the wind power generator group is kept constant,
A method for controlling a wind power generator group, comprising controlling the operation of the wind power generator group in accordance with an output command value from the central control device. The wind power generator group control method according to claim 6, wherein the prediction of the near-future wind speed fluctuation is based on wind speed fluctuation that reaches another wind power generator from wind speed data of the wind power generator that the wind speed fluctuation reaches first. A method for controlling a power generation device group, which is performed by predicting a time change of the power generation device.

Images