JP4621338B2 - Ultrasonic remote diagnosis system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system for performing examinations and diagnoses by transmitting and exchanging various diagnostic information including images between spatially separated locations, and more particularly to a remote diagnostic system using an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A medical imaging device provides a lot of information about a subject as an image, and plays an important role in many medical practices such as disease diagnosis, treatment, and surgical planning. At present, as main medical imaging devices, there are an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, an X-ray CT apparatus, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, a nuclear medicine diagnostic apparatus, and the like. Among them, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has various characteristics that are not found in other medical diagnostic devices because of the characteristic that the physical quantity to be imaged is ultrasonic. In particular, you can obtain heart beats and fetal movements in real time by simply operating the ultrasound probe from the surface of the body, and because it is highly safe, it can be repeatedly examined and moved to the bedside. The inspection can be easily performed.
[0003]
By the way, one of the problems in recent medical diagnosis is rapid sharing of diagnostic information. For example, diagnostic information including images taken with the above medical imaging equipment can be quickly transmitted between geographically distant hospitals, between laboratories in the same hospital, between a patient's bedside and laboratories, etc. Alternatively, it is exchanged and medical communication is performed quickly and smoothly. As a result, the quality and convenience of telemedicine are improved.
[0004]
Conventionally, when diagnostic information is shared (or transmitted / exchanged) between spatially separated places as described above, image data or the like is recorded on a portable recording medium such as a photograph, a magneto-optical disk, or a VTR. Diagnostic information is shared by exchanging and playing back a recording medium as hardware.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, sharing of diagnostic information by exchanging recording media as hardware as in the prior art lacks rapidity, particularly real-time performance, and there is a limit to the amount of information that can be shared. In particular, in the diagnosis using the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, the advantage unique to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus such as real-time property is not fully utilized, and further improvement is desired.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system capable of instantly sharing high-quality diagnostic information.
[0007]
The invention described in the claims 1, communication lines between the first and the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for collecting images by ultrasonic scanning provided to the site, the host computer provided in the second site A diagnostic system established using a control means for controlling the operation of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus based on a program received from the host computer via the communication line; An ultrasonic probe that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves; a pressure sensor attached to the ultrasonic probe; and a transmission unit that transmits pressure information detected by the pressure sensor to the host computer. ,
An input means for inputting a control signal to the control means; and a transmission / reception means for transmitting a program relating to operation control of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for a predetermined diagnosis operation and receiving the pressure information transmitted from the transmission means; The pressure information is displayed in a form corresponding to at least one of a schematic diagram representing the probe, a schematic diagram representing the subject, or a schematic cross-sectional view representing the probe and the subject. And an ultrasonic diagnostic system characterized by comprising display means.
[0021]
According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system that can immediately share high-quality diagnostic information.
[0022]
Embodiments according to the present invention include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriate combinations of a plurality of disclosed configuration requirements. For example, when an invention is extracted by omitting some constituent elements from all the constituent elements shown in the embodiment, when the extracted invention is implemented, the omitted part is appropriately supplemented by well-known and commonly used techniques. It is what is said.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This ultrasonic remote diagnosis system is a system for communicating diagnostic information between ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses having spatial separations or between an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus having spatial separations and a workstation through a communication line. is there. The “communication line” means wireless or wired for transmitting communication from one or both directions by electromagnetic means.
[0024]
In the following description, components having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be given only when necessary.
[0025]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic configuration diagram of an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system according to the present invention. The ultrasonic remote diagnosis system shown in FIG. 1 is a remote site ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus 16 connected to a server 12 of a basic hospital 10 via a server 12, a workstation 14, and a communication line 15 provided in the basic hospital 10. It consists of and.
[0026]
“Remote site” refers to medical facilities such as other hospitals or clinics; for home care, patient homes and welfare facilities; for medical examinations at companies and schools, etc. In this case, it means a place that is spatially separated from the main hospital, such as an emergency site or an ambulance. In the following description, a diagnosis system established between the remote site and the basic hospital will be described as an example. However, a diagnosis system established between the medical departments in the same medical facility, that is, (in the basic hospital) It may be.
[0027]
For example, an in-hospital LAN is constructed in the main hospital 10. The server 12 and the ultrasonic workstation 14 are connected to the LAN. Therefore, the data stored in the server 12 can be shared by the workstation 14 and the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 at the remote site. For example, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 at a remote site can read out various medical information stored in the server 12 based on unique information such as a patient ID.
[0028]
The workstation 14 is one of computer terminals that are provided in the basic hospital 10 and have a processing function for performing an advanced ultrasonic image processing apparatus at high speed. By transferring basic data for image configuration from the workstation 14 via the server 12 via the network, it is possible to perform advanced diagnosis by advanced processing with a minimum infrastructure.
[0029]
The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 is provided at a remote site in order to take an ultrasonic image for a patient. The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 has a function for transmitting / receiving diagnostic information to / from the server 12 via the communication line 15 in addition to a known function relating to ultrasonic diagnosis. Hereinafter, the configuration related to the communication function of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0030]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration related to the communication function of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16.
[0031]
The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 includes a transmission / reception unit 161, a data processing unit 163, a data compression engine 165, a network unit 167, and a system control unit 169.
[0032]
The transmission / reception unit 161 scans the inside of the subject with ultrasound according to a procedure corresponding to an arbitrary imaging mode such as a B mode representing the morphology information of the tissue or contrast medium, a Doppler mode suitable for representing blood flow information, and the like. In addition, it is connected to the ultrasonic probe 10. Further, the transmission / reception circuit 161 has a function of generating image data in the B mode or the like based on an echo signal obtained by scanning.
[0033]
The data processing unit 163 includes a preamplifier, an A / D converter, a reception delay circuit, and an adder not shown. The echo signal output to the receiving unit 16 for each element of the probe 12 is amplified for each channel by the preamplifier and A / D converted by the A / D converter. The echo signal after A / D conversion is given a delay time necessary for determining the reception directivity by the reception delay circuit, and is added by the adder. The echo signal after the addition has an enhanced reflection component from the direction corresponding to the reception directivity. A comprehensive ultrasonic beam for transmission and reception is formed by this transmission directivity and reception directivity. Further, the added echo signal is subjected to logarithmic amplification, envelope detection processing, and the like, and the intensity of the echo signal becomes data expressed by brightness.
[0034]
The data compression engine 165 compresses an ultrasound image collected at a remote site. Generally, when data is transferred via a network, transfer time becomes a problem. As a method of manipulating the transfer time, it is conceivable to adjust the image size or devise a compression method according to the data amount. The data compression engine 165 selects a compression rate and a compression method according to, for example, a diagnostic field or device operation, and performs data compression. This will be described later.
[0035]
The network unit 167 transmits the data compressed by the data compression engine 165 to the server 12 of the basic hospital 10 via the communication line 15, or the desired data stored in the server 12 via the communication line 15 It is a device for transmitting and receiving data such as receiving. The network unit 167 also includes a modem (not shown) when transmitting and receiving data via a public telephone line, and a terminal adapter (hereinafter referred to as TA) and a digital server unit (not shown) when using a digital telephone line. Hereinafter, it is connected to the electric network 15 via the DSU).
[0036]
According to such a configuration, it is possible to transmit and receive diagnostic information between a remote site and a basic hospital. Therefore, it is possible to provide an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system capable of sharing a large amount of high-quality diagnostic information with immediacy.
[0037]
The exchange of diagnostic information realized by the ultrasonic remote diagnosis system having the above-described configuration will be described below with some specific examples.
[0038]
(Example 1-When executing some image processing in the core hospital 10)
In recent years, image processing technology in the medical field, particularly three-dimensional image processing technology, has made remarkable progress. For example, various techniques have been developed, such as collecting tomographic images and generating volume data to visualize a subject in three dimensions. In general, in order to perform such technically advanced image processing, a computer having a high processing speed, such as an ultrasonic workstation, is required.
[0039]
However, if the above-described image processing function is provided in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 provided at the remote site, the apparatus becomes large and is not suitable for cost. In some situations, it is preferable that the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 is portable, and it may be desired to make the apparatus as compact as possible.
[0040]
In consideration of these circumstances, in Example 1, only an ultrasonic image is taken at a remote site, and image processing that requires high-speed and high-speed computation or the like is performed on an ultrasonic workstation 14 provided in the basic hospital 10. A diagnostic system to be executed will be described.
[0041]
In FIG. 1, basic data for image configuration collected by an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 provided at a remote site is transferred to a workstation 14 provided in a basic hospital 10 via a communication line. The workstation 14 performs complex measurement processing and image processing at high speed, and displays an ultrasonic image on a monitor (not shown). If necessary, the processed image data is transferred to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 at a remote site via a communication line.
[0042]
According to such a configuration, complicated measurement processing and image processing are processed at high speed by a workstation or the like provided in a basic hospital or the like. Therefore, the ultrasonic remote diagnosis system can realize advanced diagnosis by advanced processing with a minimum infrastructure. Further, since the time required from photographing to image display is the transfer time and the image processing time at the workstation 14, a diagnostic image can be acquired in a short time.
[0043]
The diagnostic system shown in Example 1 can also be applied to a LAN in the basic hospital 10, for example.
[0044]
(Example-2: When selecting the compression method / compression rate according to the diagnostic field)
A case will be described in which an ultrasound image collected by an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus at a remote site is compressed and transferred to a basic hospital. The compression for the transfer is executed in the data compression engine 165 according to the control of the system control unit 169.
[0045]
In general, when data is transferred via a communication line, the data is transferred after being compressed at a predetermined compression rate for the purpose of shortening the transfer time and saving the memory area and radio wave band to be used.
[0046]
By the way, the transfer time mainly depends on the compression rate, and the quality of the image by decompression of the compressed data depends on the compression method. Therefore, the compression rate and compression method are not intended only for shortening the transfer time and saving the memory area and radio wave band to be used, but depending on the amount of image data to be transferred, the field of diagnosis, information on the operation of the device, etc. It is preferable to select an appropriate one at any time. This is because the required image quality and data transfer speed differ depending on the diagnostic field.
[0047]
The system control unit 169 appropriately selects a compression method / compression rate to be applied to data to be transferred in accordance with information related to the diagnostic field or the operation of the apparatus, and performs compression control. For example, in the circulatory organ and the carotid artery, the number of frames is given priority over the resolution, and the image is transferred at a high compression rate. This is because there is a general interest in the movement of the circulatory organ and carotid artery. On the other hand, in an abdominal system or superficial image, an image is transferred with a low compression rate in preference to image quality. This is because the accuracy of the image is important.
[0048]
Further, the compression rate is automatically changed according to the frame rate of the ultrasonic scan. That is, when the frame rate is high, the purpose is to collect images in an interlocking manner, and the interest is in the movement of organs and the like. Accordingly, the number of frames is given priority over the resolution, and the image is transferred at a high compression rate. On the other hand, when the frame rate is low, the image is transferred with a low compression rate giving priority to the image quality.
[0049]
In diagnosis, information shown in an ROI (region of interest) in an ultrasound image is particularly important. Therefore, the same compression method or compression ratio is not applied to all of the ultrasonic images, the ROI is processed at a high resolution and a high frame rate as much as possible, and the resolution within the allowable range is applied to the other regions. Or the structure which transfers at a frame rate may be sufficient.
[0050]
Moreover, the structure which changes a compression rate automatically according to the display area of the acquired ultrasonic image may be sufficient. That is, when the display area is large, the amount of data is large, so that the image is transferred with a high compression rate. When the display area is small, the amount of data is small, so that the image is transferred with a low compression rate.
[0051]
Another possible method is to separate a color image and a black and white image, and process and transfer them at separate compression rates (that is, a higher compression rate for a color image with a large amount of data).
[0052]
A high-precision image is not always necessary for all the captured images. In this case, for example, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 first transfers an image with a low compression rate or a thumbnail image for selection to the basic hospital 10. A user using a terminal of a basic hospital may be configured to transfer only a desired image selected from these images with high image quality (constant compression rate) through a communication line.
[0053]
According to such a configuration, since an appropriate compression rate and compression method are selected as needed according to the diagnostic field or device operation, the transfer time is shortened and used while securing necessary diagnostic information. It is also possible to save memory area and radio band.
[0054]
Next, a method for storing the data transferred as described above will be described. Two examples of data storage methods are given below.
[0055]
First, the diagnostic information collected by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 is directly and automatically transferred to the server 12 of the basic hospital 10 and stored (see FIG. 1). With such a configuration, the diagnostic information stored in the server 12 of the basic hospital 10 is always automatically updated to the latest information. Therefore, the basic hospital 10 can immediately obtain diagnostic information about the patient at the remote site. Further, workability can be improved in terms of data management.
[0056]
Another example is a method of providing a remote site server dedicated to a remote site and storing data in the server.
[0057]
FIG. 3 shows an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system provided with remote site servers 20A and 20B dedicated to remote sites (subscript alphabets indicate different remote sites). The diagnostic information obtained by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 is configured to be stored automatically and sequentially in the remote site server. According to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 10, as described above, the compression rate and the compression method are distinguished depending on the diagnostic field or the like, so that the memory area in the server can be used effectively.
[0058]
In any of the above-described examples, the image data is transferred in association with the specific information about the patient.
[0059]
By the way, it is preferable that the diagnostic information stored in the remote site server in this way is automatically updated as the latest diagnostic information periodically also in the server 12 provided in the basic hospital 10. Furthermore, if this automatic update is executed simultaneously with the data transfer to the remote site server 20, the latest diagnostic information can be obtained immediately (that is, at the same timing as the site) at the core hospital 10, It is also effective in terms of data management.
[0060]
The ultrasonic remote diagnosis system shown in FIG. 3 has a function of automatically creating a replica (duplicate) of diagnostic information and automatically updating it to the latest diagnostic information.
[0061]
In FIG. 3, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16A and an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16B installed at a remote site are connected to corresponding remote site servers 20A and 20B, respectively. The diagnostic information collected by each ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 10 is stored in the corresponding remote site server 20. At this time, each remote site server 20 creates a replica of the diagnostic information and transfers it to the server 12 of the basic hospital 10 via the communication line. The server 12 updates the diagnostic information in the server from time to time with the latest diagnostic information newly transmitted.
[0062]
According to such a configuration, since the replica is automatically created and the replica is automatically transferred to the core hospital 10 as needed, the latest diagnostic information can be obtained immediately, and effective data management is performed. Can be realized.
[0063]
Diagnosis information is not limited to ultrasound images, but by using network functions, supplementary information (distance, area, volume, blood flow rate, blood flow velocity, etc.) and individual ultrasound raster data etc. Shall also be included. In addition to the diagnostic information, it is desirable that information related to the operation of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus such as scanning density information and information such as a program related to image processing such as a data interpolation processing program can be transferred. In addition, there are various cases where the measurement processing program is transferred together and measurement can be performed on the receiving side.
[0064]
According to such a configuration, an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system in which a plurality of models are mixed can be realized.
[0065]
(Example-3: When operating an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus at a remote site from a computer of a basic hospital)
Next, the remote operation function of the ultrasonic remote diagnosis system according to the present invention will be described. This function makes it possible to operate the ultrasound probe at the remote site directly from the workstation 14 in the basic hospital 10 by using, for example, a binocular camera or manipulator provided in the ultrasound diagnostic apparatus 16 at the remote site. Is.
[0066]
In order to realize such an inspection based on remote operation, it is necessary to exchange voice information for communication and diagnostic information including images, and feedback of operation feeling mainly using a probe. Hereinafter, the realization method will be described in the order of exchange of diagnostic information and feedback of operation feeling.
[0067]
For example, a method of performing voice information for communication with a patient at a remote site through a telephone line can be considered. Also, on the battlefield or the like, it may be assumed that the field hospital is wirelessly connected, or is connected via a network or satellite line.
[0068]
Diagnostic information including images is exchanged when using a public telephone line via a modem, when transmitting via a digital line via a TA (terminal adapter) or DSU (digital service unit), when using an internet line, etc. Can be considered. As the image compression method, the method described in Example 1 can be applied.
[0069]
As feedback of operation feeling, for example, there are the following methods. First, a method of visualizing and feeding back pressure distribution with a transducer surface pressure sensor is conceivable. For example, by displaying a schematic diagram of the probe on the monitor of the workstation 14 and displaying the pressure difference applied to the contact portion with the subject corresponding to the shade of the color, the operational feeling can be fed back. . In addition, a schematic cross-sectional view of the probe and the subject may be displayed, and the pressure difference applied to the subject may be displayed as a level with a bar graph or the like corresponding to the position of the contact portion of the probe. Moreover, the structure which displays not only a probe but the pressure difference by a color shading or a bar graph on the schematic diagram of the subject displayed on the monitor may be sufficient. Further, the present invention is not limited to color shading or bar graphs, and may be configured to send an image in which the integrated value of the echo intensity on each ultrasonic raster of the ultrasonic image corresponds to the probe shape.
[0070]
According to such a configuration, the remote operation function feeds back the operation feeling even if the doctor is placed at a spatially separated place doctor, so that an ultrasonic examination can be performed without a doctor in the remote place. Thus, further possibilities can be provided for ultrasound telediagnosis, as well as ultrasound teletherapy.
[0071]
(Example 4-data backup, etc.)
In the case of ultrasonic diagnosis at a remote site, it may be assumed that the facilities are not sufficient. Further, depending on the situation, there may be a case where an inexperienced person or an inexperienced operator uses the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. In these cases, it is preferable that work procedures relating to diagnosis (hereinafter referred to as workflow) can be displayed on the monitor of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to provide support information relating to diagnosis.
[0072]
The following is an example in which ultrasonic diagnosis using a workflow is executed by an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system.
[0073]
In the diagnosis using the workflow, automatic backup and collection of data can be realized by software or the like. For example, it is possible to specify a workflow corresponding to a diagnosis to be executed according to the situation from a plurality of workflow patterns prepared in advance and collect data according to a work procedure defined by the specified workflow. It can be realized by using the function. In this case, in order to effectively use the storage means included in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16, a plurality of workflow patterns prepared in advance and programs for realizing each workflow are stored in the storage means provided in the basic hospital 10. It may be configured that only the designated workflow and the corresponding program are transferred to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16.
[0074]
In the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 provided at the remote site, the workflow related to the inspection designated (selected) based on a predetermined condition is displayed on the screen of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, and the steps being performed are, for example, color-coded. Is displayed. Then, the workflow regarding the examination is transferred to the basic hospital together with the images collected according to the workflow. As a result, a workflow related to the next inspection is further transferred.
[0075]
The data collected according to the workflow is backed up in a storage device such as MO, HD, or server. These storage devices may be stored directly in a storage device included in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, or may be stored in a storage device provided in a basic hospital through a communication line.
[0076]
According to such an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system, it is possible to automatically execute a diagnosis work linked to the server 12 or the workstation 14 of the basic hospital 10 only by executing a diagnosis work according to a workflow at a remote site. it can. As a result, the operator can perform diagnostic work in a situation close to the environment of the basic hospital 10 even at a remote site.
[0077]
According to the configuration described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0078]
First, diagnostic information can be shared immediately by transmitting and receiving audio and images in real time.
[0079]
Secondly, it is possible to operate an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus installed in a spatially separated place.
[0080]
Third, diagnosis by advanced processing can be obtained even in a remote place.
[0081]
Fourth, an optimal image suitable for the purpose can be obtained within an allowable time.
[0082]
Fifth, efficient remote diagnosis can be executed by automatic processing according to the diagnostic procedure.
[0083]
Sixth, even in a remote place, the examination can be executed without waste by an appropriate diagnostic procedure. In addition, it is possible to reliably obtain the latest necessary diagnostic information even at a basic hospital that exists in a spatially separated place.
[0084]
As described above, the present invention has been described based on the embodiments. However, a person skilled in the art can come up with various changes and modifications within the scope of the idea of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs to the scope of the present invention. For example, as shown below, various modifications can be made without changing the gist thereof.
[0085]
In the above embodiment, the ultrasonic remote diagnosis system between the main hospital 10 and the remote site that are spatially separated has been described as an example. On the other hand, it is also possible to apply in the same hospital (for example, between the examination room and the patient's room in the basic hospital 10). As a result, in-hospital inspection efficiency can be improved.
[0086]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system capable of instantly sharing high-quality diagnostic information can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 16 provided at a remote site.
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic remote diagnosis system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Core hospital 12 ... Server 14 ... Ultrasonic workstation 16 ... Remote site ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 18 ...
20 ... Remote site server 161 ... Transmission / reception unit 163 ... Data processing unit 165 ... Data compression engine 167 ... Network unit 169 ... System control unit

Claims (4)

In the diagnostic system is established using a communication line between the first and the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for collecting images by ultrasonic scanning provided to the site, the host computer provided in the second site There,
The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprises:
Control means for controlling the operation of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus based on a program received from the host computer via the communication line;
An ultrasound probe that transmits and receives ultrasound; and
A pressure sensor attached to the ultrasonic probe;
Transmission means for transmitting pressure information detected by the pressure sensor to the host computer,
The host computer
Input means for inputting a control signal to the control means;
A transmission / reception means for transmitting a program related to operation control of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for a predetermined diagnosis work, and receiving the pressure information transmitted from the transmission means;
A display that displays the pressure information in a form corresponding to at least one of a schematic diagram representing the probe, a schematic diagram representing the subject, or a schematic cross-sectional view representing the probe and the subject. Having means,
Ultrasonic diagnostic system characterized by   The ultrasonic diagnostic system according to claim 1, wherein the display unit displays a pressure distribution detected by the pressure sensor as the pressure information. The ultrasonic remote diagnosis system according to claim 1 , wherein the display unit displays a bar graph regarding the pressure detected by the pressure sensor as the pressure information. 2. The ultrasonic remote diagnosis system according to claim 1 , wherein the display unit displays the pressure detected by the pressure sensor as the pressure information in association with color shades.

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