JP4565185B2 - Glass raw material melting method and melting apparatus, and glass manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Glass raw material melting method and melting apparatus, and glass manufacturing apparatus Download PDF

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JP4565185B2
JP4565185B2 JP2005014586A JP2005014586A JP4565185B2 JP 4565185 B2 JP4565185 B2 JP 4565185B2 JP 2005014586 A JP2005014586 A JP 2005014586A JP 2005014586 A JP2005014586 A JP 2005014586A JP 4565185 B2 JP4565185 B2 JP 4565185B2
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JP2006199549A (en
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隆行 渡辺
徹 伊勢田
伸治 川地
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Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
    • C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
    • C03B3/026—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet by charging the ingredients into a flame, through a burner or equivalent heating means used to heat the melting furnace
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
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Description

本発明は、板ガラス、びんガラス、繊維ガラス、電気ガラス等のガラス製品を、工業的に製造するためのガラス原料の溶解方法および溶解装置、ならびにガラス製造装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a glass raw material melting method and melting apparatus for industrially producing glass products such as plate glass, bottle glass, fiber glass, and electric glass, and a glass manufacturing apparatus.

従来、ガラス原料を溶解するガラス溶解窯（以下、「シーメンス窯」という）は、１００年以上前にＦ．シーメンスにより発明され、基本的設計思想は現在でも踏襲され使用されている（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。現行の一部のシーメンス窯には、蓄熱室または換熱室と呼ばれる熱交換装置が設けられ、燃焼用空気の予熱に使用される。そして、加熱用エネルギー源としては、主として重油または天然ガスなどの化石燃料が使用されている。化石燃料は、予熱された燃焼用空気とともに、シーメンス窯内に滞留しているガラス融液の上部空間で燃焼させられ、その輻射熱によってガラス原料やガラス融液が加熱される。ガラス融液は、最高１６００℃程度まで加熱される。   Conventionally, glass melting kilns (hereinafter referred to as “Siemens kilns”) for melting glass raw materials have been manufactured by F.S. Invented by Siemens, the basic design concept is still followed and used (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). Some current Siemens kilns are provided with a heat exchange device called a heat storage chamber or a heat exchange chamber, and are used for preheating combustion air. As a heating energy source, fossil fuels such as heavy oil or natural gas are mainly used. The fossil fuel is burned in the upper space of the glass melt staying in the Siemens kiln together with the preheated combustion air, and the glass raw material and the glass melt are heated by the radiant heat. The glass melt is heated to a maximum of about 1600 ° C.

所定の組成を有するガラス製品を得るため、粉末状ガラス原料の混合物（以下、「バッチ」と呼ぶ）がシーメンス窯に供給され、バッチはガラス融液上に堆積して厚い原料層を形成し、長時間を掛けて少しずつ溶解される。このとき、融液上のバッチは、反応あるいは溶融し易い物質から順次溶出するため、融点あるいは粘性の高い珪砂あるいは珪砂分を多く含む粒子が取り残され、また、それらが相互に結合するなどして原料層内に難溶融性物質が形成され易い。さらに、同様の理由で、融液形成の初期状態においては、局所的に見るとバッチと組成が異なったガラス融液が生じ、融液の不均質化が生じ易い。   In order to obtain a glass product having a predetermined composition, a mixture of powdered glass raw materials (hereinafter referred to as “batch”) is supplied to a Siemens kiln, and the batch is deposited on the glass melt to form a thick raw material layer, It dissolves little by little over a long time. At this time, since the batch on the melt elutes sequentially from the substance that easily reacts or melts, silica sand having a high melting point or viscosity or particles containing a large amount of silica sand are left behind, and they are bonded to each other. A hardly fusible substance is easily formed in the raw material layer. Further, for the same reason, in the initial state of the melt formation, a glass melt having a composition different from that of the batch is generated locally, and the melt is likely to be inhomogeneous.

このような難溶融性物質の形成や融液の不均質化は、得られるガラス製品に未溶解欠点（ブツなど）、不均質欠点（ムラ、スジなど）などの欠陥をもたらす原因となる。さらに、このような欠陥を低減させるために、従来は、例えば、板ガラス等の製造においては３〜５日間に及ぶ極めて長期間にわたる溶融状態の保持を必要とし、窯の大規模化と膨大なエネルギー消費が避けられない。また、従来は、ガラス原料の溶解と気泡の除去（清澄と云う）は同一窯内で行うように設計されているため、清澄過程を経た融液と未清澄の融液とが窯の内部で混ざり合うなど、効率的な清澄が行われないおそれがある。さらに、シーメンス窯は熱容量が大きいため、一定の品種のガラス製品を大量に生産する大規模大量生産には向いているが、少量多品種製品の機動的な生産には対応できない問題がある。   Such formation of a hardly-fusible substance and heterogeneity of the melt cause defects such as undissolved defects (such as blisters) and inhomogeneous defects (such as unevenness and streaks) in the obtained glass product. Furthermore, in order to reduce such defects, conventionally, for example, in the production of sheet glass or the like, it is necessary to maintain a molten state for an extremely long period of 3 to 5 days, and the large-scale kiln and enormous energy are required. Consumption is inevitable. Moreover, conventionally, melting of the glass raw material and removal of bubbles (referred to as clarification) are designed to be performed in the same kiln, so that the melt that has undergone the clarification process and the unclarified melt are contained inside the kiln. There is a possibility that efficient clarification may not be performed, such as mixing. Furthermore, the Siemens kiln has a large heat capacity, so it is suitable for large-scale mass production that produces a large amount of glass products of a certain variety, but there is a problem that it cannot cope with the agile production of a small variety of products.

そこで、化石燃料を燃焼させてガラス原料を加熱するのではなく、熱プラズマを利用してガラス原料を溶解する技術が開発されている。具体的には、移送式プラズマ溶融によって石英ガラスを製造しようとするものである。逆の極性をもった一対の電極（アノードとカソード）が形成するプラズマアークの間に生ずる熱プラズマにより原料を加熱して溶融する方法である（例えば、特許文献１参照）。しかし、この方法は、電極が熱蒸発して、溶融した石英に電極を構成する物質が混入し、汚染が生じるという問題がある。この問題を解決するために、高周波電場による誘導結合熱プラズマを利用することが提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）が、熱効率および生産性の点で問題がある。
特開２００２−３５６３３７号公報（請求項１、図１および図５） 特開２０００−１６９１６２号公報（請求項１、図１） 山根正之ほか編「ガラス工学ハンドブック」朝倉書店(1999) 第３０３頁〜第３０８頁 In view of this, a technique has been developed in which fossil fuel is not burned to heat the glass material, but the glass material is melted using thermal plasma. Specifically, quartz glass is to be manufactured by transfer plasma melting. In this method, a raw material is heated and melted by thermal plasma generated between plasma arcs formed by a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) having opposite polarities (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, this method has a problem that the electrode is thermally evaporated, and the substance constituting the electrode is mixed into the fused quartz, resulting in contamination. In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to use inductively coupled thermal plasma by a high-frequency electric field (see, for example, Patent Document 2), but there are problems in terms of thermal efficiency and productivity.
JP 2002-356337 A (Claim 1, FIG. 1 and FIG. 5) JP 2000-169162 A (Claim 1, FIG. 1) Masayuki Yamane et al. “Glass Engineering Handbook”, Asakura Shoten (1999), pages 303-308

本発明の目的は、前記ガラス製品に未溶解欠点、不均質欠点などの欠陥をもたらす、従来のガラス原料の溶解方法および溶解装置における問題を解消することにある。   An object of the present invention is to eliminate the problems in the conventional glass raw material melting method and melting apparatus that cause defects such as undissolved defects and inhomogeneous defects in the glass product.

また、本発明の目的は、窯の大規模化と膨大なエネルギー消費を大幅に抑制し、小規模かつ小さいエネルギー消費量で効率的にガラス原料を溶解させることができるガラス原料の溶解方法および溶解装置を提供することにある。   In addition, the object of the present invention is to greatly suppress the enlarging and enormous energy consumption of the kiln, and to dissolve the glass raw material efficiently and with a small amount of small energy consumption, and to dissolve the glass raw material To provide an apparatus.

また、本発明の目的は、ガラス融液の効率的な清澄が可能なガラス製造装置を提供することにある。   Moreover, the objective of this invention is providing the glass manufacturing apparatus which can clarify a glass melt efficiently.

また、本発明の目的は、少量多品種製品の機動的な生産に対応できるガラス製造装置を提供することにある。   Moreover, the objective of this invention is providing the glass manufacturing apparatus which can respond to the flexible production of a small amount multi-product type.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明は、炭酸塩を含むガラス原料の溶解方法であって、粉状の複数種類の前記ガラス原料を混合し粒子状に成形して、前記粒子毎の組成が前記粒子間で均一な混合ガラス原料を調製する工程と、前記混合ガラス原料を、加熱気相雰囲気中を通過させることによって前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱し前記炭酸塩を分解させ、分解生成した炭酸ガスを前記粒子外に放出させる工程と、加熱された前記混合ガラス原料をガラス融液上の前記加熱気相雰囲気により加熱されている領域に降下させて前記加熱気相雰囲気によりさらに加熱し溶解させる工程と、を含むことを特徴とするガラス原料の溶解方法を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a method for melting a glass raw material containing a carbonate , wherein a plurality of powdery glass raw materials are mixed and formed into particles, and the composition of each particle is A step of preparing a uniform mixed glass raw material between particles, and the mixed glass raw material is heated to a temperature higher than the decomposition reaction temperature of the carbonate by passing through a heated gas-phase atmosphere to decompose the carbonate, resulting in decomposition and a step of releasing carbon dioxide to the outside of the particles, a heated the mixture frit further heated by the heating vapor atmosphere is lowered to a region being heated by the heating vapor atmosphere over the glass melt And a step of melting the glass raw material.

このガラス原料の溶解方法では、炭酸塩を含むガラス原料の一部または全部を粒子状に成形して調製される混合ガラス原料が、加熱気相雰囲気中を通過して前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱され、ガラス融液上に降下して溶解することによって、未溶解欠点の発生や融液の不均質化が抑制される。   In this glass raw material melting method, a mixed glass raw material prepared by forming a part or all of a glass raw material containing carbonate into particles is passed through a heated gas phase atmosphere, and the decomposition reaction temperature of the carbonate. By heating and melting on the glass melt as described above, the occurrence of undissolved defects and the inhomogeneity of the melt are suppressed.

また、本発明は、炭酸塩を含むガラス原料を溶解する装置であって、粉状の複数種類の前記ガラス原料を混合し粒子状に成形して、前記粒子毎の組成が前記粒子間で均一になるように調整された混合ガラス原料が、通過して前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱され、前記炭酸塩を分解させ、分解生成した炭酸ガスを前記粒子外に放出させる加熱気相雰囲気を形成する原料加熱部と、加熱された前記混合ガラス原料が、上部の前記加熱気相雰囲気により加熱されている領域に供給され、前記混合ガラス原料を前記加熱気相雰囲気によりさらに加熱するガラス融液を貯留するガラス融液部と、を含むことを特徴とするガラス原料の溶解装置を提供する。 Further, the present invention is an apparatus for dissolving a glass raw material containing carbonate , wherein a plurality of powdery glass raw materials are mixed and formed into particles, and the composition of each particle is uniform among the particles. is adjusted to the mixed glass raw materials are heated above the decomposition reaction temperature of the carbonate through the to decompose the carbonate, heated vapor atmosphere to release carbon dioxide gas generated decomposed outside the particles a material heating portion for forming the mixed glass raw materials are heated is supplied to the region being heated by the heating gas phase atmosphere of the upper glass fusion further heating the mixture of glass raw material by the heating vapor atmosphere The glass raw material melting | dissolving apparatus characterized by including the glass melt part which stores a liquid is provided.

このガラス原料の溶解装置では、原料加熱部に形成された加熱気相雰囲気中を、炭酸塩を含むガラス原料の一部または全部を粒子状に成形して調製される混合ガラス原料が通過しながら前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱され、加熱された混合ガラス原料が、ガラス融液部に貯留されたガラス融液の上部に供給されて溶解することによって、未溶解欠点の発生や融液の不均質化が抑制されるとともに、比較的小規模かつ少ないエネルギー消費量で従来の大規模なガラス溶解窯と同等のガラス溶解能力を発揮することができる。   In this glass raw material melting apparatus, a mixed glass raw material prepared by forming a part or all of a glass raw material containing carbonate into particles in a heated gas phase atmosphere formed in the raw material heating unit passes through. When the heated mixed glass raw material is heated to a temperature higher than the decomposition reaction temperature of the carbonate and supplied to the upper part of the glass melt stored in the glass melt portion, the undissolved defects are generated and the melt is melted. Is suppressed, and a glass melting ability equivalent to that of a conventional large-scale glass melting furnace can be exhibited with a relatively small amount of energy consumption.

さらに、本発明は、前記のガラス原料の溶解装置と、当該ガラス原料の溶解装置のガラス融液排出口に連設された気泡除去槽とを備えるガラス製造装置を提供する。   Furthermore, this invention provides a glass manufacturing apparatus provided with the said glass raw material melting | dissolving apparatus and the bubble removal tank connected with the glass melt discharge port of the said glass raw material melting | dissolving apparatus.

このガラス製造装置では、前記のガラス原料の溶解装置に気泡除去槽を組みあわせることにより、得られるガラス製品の高品質化と、省エネルギー化を得ることができる。   In this glass manufacturing apparatus, by combining a bubble removing tank with the glass raw material melting apparatus, high quality and energy saving of the obtained glass product can be obtained.

本発明のガラス原料の溶解方法およびガラス製造装置では、粒子状の小さい単位でガラス原料が溶解されるために、未溶解欠点の発生やガラス融液の不均質性が抑制され、それにより、ガラス原料の溶解の飛躍的な時間短縮が可能となり、大幅なエネルギー消費量の低減が図られる。   In the glass raw material melting method and the glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, since the glass raw material is melted in small granular units, the occurrence of undissolved defects and the inhomogeneity of the glass melt are suppressed. It is possible to drastically reduce the melting time of raw materials, and the energy consumption can be greatly reduced.

また、本発明は、ガラス原料溶解の飛躍的な時間短縮と、ガラス製造装置の大幅な小型化が可能になるため、建設費の削減と、ガラス製造装置が寿命を迎えたときの廃棄物の低減が可能となる。   In addition, the present invention makes it possible to drastically shorten the melting time of the glass raw material and greatly reduce the size of the glass manufacturing apparatus, thereby reducing the construction cost and the waste generated when the glass manufacturing apparatus reaches the end of its life. Reduction is possible.

また、本発明では、未溶解欠点の発生や融液の不均質化が抑制されるため、ガラス製造歩留まりの向上、ガラス製品品質の向上、さらに、ガラス製造コストの低減が可能となる。   Further, in the present invention, since the occurrence of undissolved defects and the inhomogeneity of the melt are suppressed, the glass production yield can be improved, the glass product quality can be improved, and the glass production cost can be reduced.

また、本発明は、ガラス製造装置の大幅な小型化が可能になるために、ガラス製品の少量多品種化において、組成変更に伴う原料と消費エネルギーの無駄が大幅に低減できる。   In addition, since the glass manufacturing apparatus can be greatly downsized in the present invention, waste of raw materials and energy consumption associated with the composition change can be significantly reduced in the case of increasing the variety of glass products.

以下、本発明のガラス原料の溶解方法および溶解装置、ならびにガラス製造装置について詳細に説明する。   The glass raw material melting method and melting apparatus and glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below.

本発明のガラス原料の溶解方法は、炭酸塩を含むガラス原料を溶解してガラス融液を製造する方法である。用いられるガラス原料としては、珪砂、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、生石灰、酸化アルミニウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硼砂、長石などの微粉原料、およびガラスカレットなどを含む混合ガラス原料が使用される。混合ガラス原料の成分組成は、ガラス製品に求められる熱膨張係数、成形温度、化学的耐久性等の特性に応じて、適宜決定される。例えば、板ガラスを製造するためのガラス原料の混合組成は、重量比で珪砂６５〜６７％、炭酸ナトリウム２１〜２２％、ドロマイト（炭酸カルシウムと炭酸マグネシウムの複合化合物）２１〜２３％、生石灰０．５〜１％、長石８〜１０％、ボウ硝０．５〜１％である。混合ガラス原料の成分として用いられる微粉原料の粒径は、粒子状のガラス原料混合物に形成したときに、形成される粒子毎の組成の変動を少なくし、均一な組成の粒子で構成される粒子状のガラス原料混合物が得られることから、０．２ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、特に、粒子状のガラス原料混合物の粒径が小さいほど短時間で加熱でき発生ガスの放散が容易であることから、１μｍ〜０．１ｍｍの範囲である。
また、これらのガラス原料混合物は、必要に応じて、清澄剤、着色剤等を含むことができる。 The glass raw material melting method of the present invention is a method for producing a glass melt by melting a glass raw material containing carbonate. As the glass raw material used, mixed glass raw materials including silica sand, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, quicklime, aluminum oxide, sodium sulfate, borax, feldspar, and glass cullet are used. . The component composition of the mixed glass raw material is appropriately determined according to characteristics such as a thermal expansion coefficient, a molding temperature, and chemical durability required for the glass product. For example, the mixed composition of glass raw materials for producing plate glass is 65 to 67% silica sand, 21 to 22% sodium carbonate, 21 to 23% dolomite (composite compound of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate), 0. 5 to 1%, feldspar 8 to 10%, bow glass 0.5 to 1%. The particle size of the fine powder raw material used as a component of the mixed glass raw material is a particle composed of particles having a uniform composition with less variation in composition for each formed particle when formed into a particulate glass raw material mixture Is preferably 0.2 mm or less, and in particular, the smaller the particle size of the particulate glass raw material mixture, the shorter the time it can be heated and the easier it is to diffuse the generated gas. The range is 1 μm to 0.1 mm.
Moreover, these glass raw material mixtures can contain a clarifier, a coloring agent, etc. as needed.

本発明において、混合ガラス原料は、一部または全部が粒子状、好ましくは粒径が３ｍｍ以内に成形されたものが使用され、短時間で加熱でき発生ガスの放散が容易であるという点から、粒径が１ｍｍ以内のできる限り小径のものを使用することが好ましいが、原料の微粉化によるコスト上昇と、粒子間の組成変動の低減の点から、粒径が０．１ｍｍ以上のものが好ましい。   In the present invention, the mixed glass raw material is partly or wholly in the form of particles, preferably having a particle size of 3 mm or less, and can be heated in a short time and the generated gas can be easily diffused. It is preferable to use a particle size as small as possible within 1 mm, but from the viewpoint of cost increase due to the pulverization of the raw material and reduction in composition variation between particles, a particle size of 0.1 mm or more is preferable. .

前記ガラス原料の一部または全部を粒子状に成形して混合ガラス原料を調製する方法としては、スプレードライ法、ペレット加工などの方法が使用でき、ガラス原料を分散溶解させた水溶液を高温雰囲気中に噴霧させて瞬間的に固化させる方法、あるいは、少量のポリビニルアルコール、水溶性苛性ソーダ、液状燐酸塩などをガラス原料に添加することにより微粉原料を所定の粒径の粒子状に結合させる方法が好ましい。また、この成形体は最終ガラス製品の成分組成に対応する混合比の原料のみで構成してもよいが、その混合体に更にガラスカレット微粉を混合して、これをガラス原料として用いることが好ましい。また、各成分の混合方法は、１段階ではなく、例えば、珪砂と炭酸ナトリウム等との混合物と、珪砂と炭酸カルシウム等との混合物とを作り、次に両者を更に混合することによりガラス原料とする方法も、手数はかかるが溶融温度の低減につながるため好ましい。   As a method for preparing a mixed glass raw material by forming a part or all of the glass raw material into particles, a spray drying method, a pellet processing method or the like can be used, and an aqueous solution in which the glass raw material is dispersed and dissolved is in a high-temperature atmosphere. A method in which the fine powder raw material is bonded to particles of a predetermined particle size by adding a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble caustic soda, liquid phosphate or the like to the glass raw material is preferable. . Further, this molded body may be composed only of raw materials having a mixing ratio corresponding to the component composition of the final glass product, but it is preferable to further mix glass cullet powder with the mixture and use it as a glass raw material. . Moreover, the mixing method of each component is not one step. For example, a mixture of silica sand and sodium carbonate or the like and a mixture of silica sand and calcium carbonate or the like are made, and then the glass raw material is further mixed with each other. This method is also preferable because it leads to a reduction in the melting temperature, although it takes time.

また、本発明において、前記混合ガラス原料は、加熱気相雰囲気中を通過させることによって前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱される。混合ガラス原料を加熱するための加熱気相雰囲気としては、移送式直流プラズマ、非移送式直流プラズマ、多相プラズマ、高周波誘導プラズマ等の熱プラズマアーク、酸水素炎、天然ガス−酸素燃焼炎等の酸素燃焼炎などが使用できる。これらの中でも、効率が高く、大出力が得やすく、設備費が比較的安価で、大気圧下での加熱が行え、技術的に確立されていて、長時間安定的に使用できるという理由で、特に、多相プラズマ、酸水素炎あるいは天然ガス−酸素燃焼炎を使用することが好ましい。また、熱プラズマアークとして、３相以上の多相交流電場の放電により発生させる多相プラズマが、高温領域が広く、プラズマの流速が小さいので、処理物質の制御が容易であるという観点から、好ましい。   Moreover, in this invention, the said mixed glass raw material is heated more than the decomposition reaction temperature of the said carbonate by allowing the gas phase atmosphere to pass through. As the heating gas phase atmosphere for heating the mixed glass raw material, transfer type DC plasma, non-transfer type DC plasma, multiphase plasma, thermal plasma arc such as high frequency induction plasma, oxyhydrogen flame, natural gas-oxygen combustion flame, etc. Oxy-combustion flames can be used. Among these, because it is highly efficient, it is easy to obtain a large output, the equipment cost is relatively low, heating under atmospheric pressure can be performed, it is technically established, and it can be used stably for a long time. In particular, it is preferable to use a multiphase plasma, an oxyhydrogen flame, or a natural gas-oxygen combustion flame. In addition, as a thermal plasma arc, a multiphase plasma generated by discharge of a multiphase AC electric field of three or more phases is preferable from the viewpoint that the high temperature region is wide and the plasma flow velocity is small, so that the treatment substance can be easily controlled. .

本発明で使用される熱プラズマの作動ガスとしては、アルゴン、酸素、空気、水蒸気などを単独あるいは混合して使用することが好ましい。   As the working gas of the thermal plasma used in the present invention, it is preferable to use argon, oxygen, air, water vapor or the like alone or in combination.

本発明で使用される加熱気相雰囲気への混合ガラス原料の供給方法は、熱プラズマノズルまたは燃焼バーナーノズルの周囲から中心に向けて混合ガラス原料を供給する方法が好ましい。また、加熱気相雰囲気として酸素燃焼炎を用いる場合には、その中央部が最も温度が高いので、酸素燃焼炎を形成する燃焼炎ノズルの中央部に前記混合ガラス原料を供給する。また、加熱気相雰囲気中への混合ガラス原料の供給速度は、通常、１〜２００ｋｇ／分程度であり、多品種少量生産用の小規模の溶解装置の場合には、０．１〜５ｋｇ／分が好ましい。   The method of supplying the mixed glass raw material to the heated gas phase atmosphere used in the present invention is preferably a method of supplying the mixed glass raw material from the periphery of the thermal plasma nozzle or the combustion burner nozzle toward the center. Further, when an oxyfuel flame is used as the heated gas phase atmosphere, the temperature of the central portion is highest, so the mixed glass raw material is supplied to the central portion of the combustion flame nozzle that forms the oxyfuel flame. Moreover, the supply rate of the mixed glass raw material into the heated gas phase atmosphere is usually about 1 to 200 kg / min, and in the case of a small-scale melting apparatus for high-mix low-volume production, 0.1 to 5 kg / min. Minutes are preferred.

また、加熱気相雰囲気の温度は、原料中に含まれる水分、結晶水、炭酸塩（炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム等）などの形で含まれる気体成分を迅速にガス化散逸させ、ガラス化反応を相当程度進行させるために、炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に設定することが好ましく、通常、１６００℃以上に設定される。   In addition, the temperature of the heated gas-phase atmosphere quickly gasifies and dissipates gas components contained in the raw materials such as moisture, crystal water, carbonates (sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, etc.) In order to make it progress considerably, it is preferable to set it above the decomposition reaction temperature of carbonate, and it is usually set at 1600 ° C. or higher.

本発明において、加熱気相雰囲気を通過して加熱された混合ガラス原料は、ガラス融液上に降下して引き続き溶解される。混合ガラス原料のガラス融液上への到達位置は、ガラス溶解槽の一定位置であってもよく、また、混合ガラス原料を加熱気相雰囲気に供給する原料供給ノズルの揺動により一カ所に定まらないように分散させてもよい。また、一定位置に到達した混合ガラス原料を拡散させるために、定期的にガラス融液の表面を撹拌してもよい。また、ガラス融液全体を撹拌するためのスターラー、バブラーなどの撹拌装置を当該溶解装置内に設け、ガラス化したガラス融液の均質化を促進させることもできる。   In the present invention, the mixed glass raw material heated through the heated gas phase atmosphere is lowered onto the glass melt and subsequently melted. The arrival position of the mixed glass raw material on the glass melt may be a fixed position of the glass melting tank, and it is fixed at one place by the swing of the raw material supply nozzle that supplies the mixed glass raw material to the heated gas phase atmosphere. You may disperse so that it may not exist. Moreover, in order to diffuse the mixed glass raw material which reached | attained a fixed position, you may stir the surface of a glass melt regularly. Further, a stirrer such as a stirrer or a bubbler for stirring the entire glass melt may be provided in the melting device to promote homogenization of the vitrified glass melt.

また、ガラス原料の一部を構成するガラスカレットは、その一部あるいは全部を、前記加熱気相雰囲気中を通過させずに、直接、ガラス融液上に供給してもよい。この場合、ガラスカレットは、他の原料とともに、粒子状に成形してそれを高温の加熱気相雰囲気中に通過させることにより加熱する方法、他の場所で予備的に加熱した後に溶解槽のガラス融液に直接投入することにより加熱する方法などがあるが、微粒のカレットは前者の方法で、粗大なカレットは後者の方法で加熱することが好ましい。   Moreover, you may supply the glass cullet which comprises a part of glass raw material directly on a glass melt, without letting the one part or all part pass in the said heating gaseous-phase atmosphere. In this case, the glass cullet is formed into particles together with other raw materials and heated by passing it through a high-temperature heated gas phase atmosphere. There is a method of heating by directly putting it into the melt, but it is preferable to heat the fine cullet by the former method and the coarse cullet by the latter method.

次に、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に基づいて、本発明のガラス原料の溶解装置について説明する。
図１（ａ）は、本発明に係るガラス原料の溶解装置の基本的構成例を示す模式縦断面図、図１（ｂ）は、その模式横断面図である。 Next, based on FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b), the glass raw material melting apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1A is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a basic configuration example of a glass raw material melting apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic transverse sectional view thereof.

図１（ａ）に構成を示すガラス原料の溶解装置１は、円筒状の炉体１ａを有し、一部または全部が粒子状に成形された混合ガラス原料Ｗを、炉体１ａ内に供給するための原料供給口２と、炉体１ａ内を降下する混合ガラス原料を加熱する原料加熱部３と、ガラス融液が滞留するガラス溶解槽（ガラス融液部）４と、ガラス溶解槽４からガラス融液を排出させるためのガラス融液排出口５とを備える。   A glass raw material melting apparatus 1 having a configuration shown in FIG. 1 (a) has a cylindrical furnace body 1a, and supplies a mixed glass raw material W, which is partially or entirely formed into particles, into the furnace body 1a. A raw material supply port 2, a raw material heating part 3 for heating the mixed glass raw material descending in the furnace body 1a, a glass melting tank (glass melt part) 4 in which the glass melt stays, and a glass melting tank 4 And a glass melt discharge port 5 for discharging the glass melt.

原料供給口２は、炉体１ａの上部に配置され、一部または全部が粒子状に成形された混合ガラス原料を、炉外、例えば、スプレードライ法等の方法によって調製された混合ガラス原料を導入して、炉体１ａ内に所定の供給速度で供給する役割を有する。この原料供給口２は、例えば、混合ガラス原料を、原料加熱部３に形成される加熱気相雰囲気に応じて混合ガラス原料の供給位置を調整可能なノズルで構成することができる。例えば、熱プラズマノズルまたは燃焼バーナーノズルの周囲から中心に向けて混合ガラス原料を供給する原料供給ノズル、また、加熱気相雰囲気として酸素燃焼炎を用いる場合には、高温度を得やすい中央部からの供給が可能であることから、酸素燃焼炎を形成する燃焼炎ノズルの中央部に前記混合ガラス原料を供給する原料供給ノズルを配置することが好ましい。さらに、この原料供給ノズルを揺動させることにより、ガラス融液上に降下する混合ガラス原料の位置を一箇所に集中させずに、分散して供給するようにしてもよい。   The raw material supply port 2 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body 1a, and a mixed glass raw material prepared by a method such as a spray-drying method outside the furnace is used as a mixed glass raw material partially or entirely formed into particles. It introduces and has a role which supplies in the furnace body 1a with a predetermined supply speed. The raw material supply port 2 can be configured by, for example, a nozzle capable of adjusting the supply position of the mixed glass raw material in accordance with the heated gas phase atmosphere formed in the raw material heating unit 3. For example, a raw material supply nozzle that supplies a mixed glass raw material from the periphery of a thermal plasma nozzle or a combustion burner nozzle toward the center, and when using an oxyfuel flame as a heating gas phase atmosphere, from a central portion where high temperature is easily obtained Therefore, it is preferable to dispose a raw material supply nozzle that supplies the mixed glass raw material at the center of the combustion flame nozzle that forms the oxyfuel combustion flame. Further, by swinging the raw material supply nozzle, the position of the mixed glass raw material descending onto the glass melt may be distributed and supplied without being concentrated in one place.

原料加熱部３は、炉体１ａの側壁を貫通して炉体１ａ内に突設された６本のアーク電極６（６ａ１，６ｂ１、６ａ２，６ｂ２、６ａ３，６ｂ３）を備える。この６本のアーク電極６の放電によって、炉体１ａの中心部に熱プラズマ７（加熱気相雰囲気）が形成される。   The raw material heating unit 3 includes six arc electrodes 6 (6a1, 6b1, 6a2, 6b2, 6a3, 6b3) projecting into the furnace body 1a through the side wall of the furnace body 1a. Due to the discharge of the six arc electrodes 6, thermal plasma 7 (heated gas phase atmosphere) is formed at the center of the furnace body 1a.

アーク電極６（６ａ１，６ｂ１、６ａ２，６ｂ２、６ａ３，６ｂ３）は、図１（ａ）に示すように、各アーク電極６が、鉛直方向に対する角度αが１０〜９０度の方向で下向きに、図１（ｂ）に示すように、各アーク電極が炉体１ａの中心を軸とする軸対称に対向して突設されて構成されている。このアーク電極６は、外部電源（図示せず）から供給される電力によって、炉体１ａの中心部に熱プラズマ７を形成する。この熱プラズマ７は、温度が５，０００〜２０，０００℃である。   As shown in FIG. 1A, the arc electrodes 6 (6a1, 6b1, 6a2, 6b2, 6a3, 6b3) are arranged so that each arc electrode 6 has a downward angle α of 10 to 90 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), each arc electrode is configured to project in an axially symmetrical manner with the center of the furnace body 1a as an axis. The arc electrode 6 forms thermal plasma 7 at the center of the furnace body 1a by electric power supplied from an external power source (not shown). The thermal plasma 7 has a temperature of 5,000 to 20,000 ° C.

ガラス溶解槽４は、炉体１ａの下部に形成され、原料加熱部３の熱プラズマ７を通過して加熱された混合ガラス原料が堆積してガラス融液８が形成される。このガラス溶解槽４には、ガラス溶解槽４に滞留するガラス融液を加熱する補助加熱手段が配設されていてもよい。この補助加熱手段によってガラス融液８の保温を図ることができる。補助加熱手段としては、通電発熱してガラス融液を加熱するためにガラス融液中に挿入された電気抵抗体、ガラス融液中に直接電流を流すことによりガラス融液を加熱する一対の電極などで構成することが好ましい。   The glass melting tank 4 is formed in the lower part of the furnace body 1a, and the mixed glass raw material heated and passed through the thermal plasma 7 of the raw material heating part 3 is deposited, and the glass melt 8 is formed. The glass melting tank 4 may be provided with auxiliary heating means for heating the glass melt staying in the glass melting tank 4. This auxiliary heating means can keep the glass melt 8 warm. Auxiliary heating means include an electric resistor inserted in the glass melt to heat the glass melt by energization and heating, and a pair of electrodes that heat the glass melt by passing a current directly through the glass melt It is preferable to comprise by these.

このガラス原料の溶解装置１において、原料供給口２から供給される混合ガラス原料は、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示すように、原料加熱部３の６本のアーク電極６（６ａ１，６ｂ１、６ａ２，６ｂ２、６ａ３，６ｂ３）によって形成された熱プラズマ７（加熱気相雰囲気）中を通過して加熱され、ガラス溶解槽４に滞留するガラス融液上に降下する。なお、ガラス原料の溶解の開始直後には、ガラス溶解槽４にガラス融液が滞留していないが、このとき、熱プラズマ７を通過して降下する混合ガラス原料は、ガラス溶解の底部に堆積し、熱プラズマ７および必要に応じてガラス溶解槽４に設けられた補助加熱手段によって加熱されて溶融し、ガラス融液を形成する。以後、ガラス融液上に降下する、過熱された混合ガラス原料は、溶融してガラス融液を形成する。そして、所定の速度でガラス融液排出口５から排出し、気泡除去槽等に導入され、所要の成形工程を経てガラス製品が製造される。   In this glass raw material melting apparatus 1, the mixed glass raw material supplied from the raw material supply port 2 is composed of six arc electrodes 6 of the raw material heating unit 3 (see FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B). 6 a 1, 6 b 1, 6 a 2, 6 b 2, 6 a 3, 6 b 3) are passed through the thermal plasma 7 (heated gas phase atmosphere) and heated, and descend onto the glass melt staying in the glass melting tank 4. The glass melt does not stay in the glass melting tank 4 immediately after the start of melting of the glass raw material, but at this time, the mixed glass raw material descending through the thermal plasma 7 is deposited on the bottom of the glass melting. Then, it is heated and melted by the thermal plasma 7 and auxiliary heating means provided in the glass melting tank 4 as necessary to form a glass melt. Thereafter, the overheated mixed glass raw material descending onto the glass melt is melted to form a glass melt. And it discharges | emits from the glass melt discharge port 5 at a predetermined | prescribed speed | rate, is introduce | transduced into a bubble removal tank etc., and a glass product is manufactured through a required formation process.

本発明のガラス原料の溶解装置は、前記の図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示す実施形態に限定されず、各種の変形例が可能である。例えば、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示すガラス原料の溶解装置では、原料加熱部３として、熱プラズマを発生する６本のアーク電極を備える例を例示したが、例えば、酸素燃焼炎で加熱気相雰囲気を形成してもよい。   The glass raw material melting apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), and various modifications are possible. For example, in the glass raw material melting apparatus shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, an example in which six arc electrodes that generate thermal plasma are provided as the raw material heating unit 3 is exemplified. A heated gas phase atmosphere may be formed with a flame.

さらに、本発明のガラス製造装置は、図２に示すように、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示すガラス原料の溶解装置１のガラス融液排出口５に連設された気泡除去槽（清澄槽）９とを備えるものである。気泡除去槽９で気泡が除去されたガラス融液は、フロートバス、フュージョン成形機、ガラス瓶成形機等の各種成形装置に供給されて所要の形態に成形された後、徐冷炉にて所定温度になるまで徐冷されて、ガラス製品が製造される。   Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention removes bubbles connected to the glass melt outlet 5 of the glass raw material melting apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b). A tank (clarification tank) 9 is provided. The glass melt from which bubbles have been removed in the bubble removal tank 9 is supplied to various molding apparatuses such as a float bath, a fusion molding machine, a glass bottle molding machine, etc. and molded into a required form, and then reaches a predetermined temperature in a slow cooling furnace. Is gradually cooled to produce a glass product.

このとき、本発明のガラス製造装置においては、前記ガラス原料の溶解装置１のガラス融液排出口５から、気泡除去が不完全な状態でガラス融液８を排出し、排出されたガラス融液８を気泡除去槽９に導入して気泡除去を行うことによって、初期溶解と気泡除去の２つの機能が分離され、全体として装置の小型化が可能となる利点がある。   At this time, in the glass manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the glass melt 8 is discharged from the glass melt discharge port 5 of the glass raw material melting apparatus 1 in an incomplete bubble removal state, and the discharged glass melt is discharged. By introducing 8 into the bubble removal tank 9 and performing bubble removal, the two functions of initial dissolution and bubble removal are separated, and there is an advantage that the apparatus can be downsized as a whole.

本発明で使用される気泡除去槽９としては、深さが従来の溶融槽の半分以下で対流が生じにくく気泡が浮上しやすい浅型の一方向流の槽、減圧清澄槽などを使用することが好ましい。例えば、ジルコニアあるいは白金合金の耐蝕耐熱材料により形成され、ガラス融液の流れ方向に長手方向を有する略直方体の槽であって、前記ガラス融液排出口５に連結されるガラス融液導入口９ａと、このガラス融液導入口に対向する側壁にガラス融液導出口９ｂを有し、ガラス融液がショートパスを形成せず、例えば、１４００℃程度の温度を保って、所定の時間、槽内に滞留してガラス融液内の大小の気泡が放出されるように構成される。そして、ガラス融液中から放出された気泡は、気泡除去槽９の天井部等に設けられたガス抜き口から外部に放出される。   As the bubble removal tank 9 used in the present invention, a shallow unidirectional flow tank, a clarification clarification tank, or the like having a depth of less than half that of a conventional melting tank, in which convection hardly occurs and bubbles are likely to rise, is used. Is preferred. For example, a substantially rectangular parallelepiped tank formed of a zirconia or platinum alloy corrosion-resistant heat-resistant material and having a longitudinal direction in the flow direction of the glass melt, the glass melt inlet 9a connected to the glass melt outlet 5a. And a glass melt outlet port 9b on the side wall facing the glass melt inlet port, the glass melt does not form a short path, and is maintained at a temperature of, for example, about 1400 ° C. for a predetermined time. It is configured to stay inside and discharge large and small bubbles in the glass melt. And the bubble discharge | released from the inside of glass melt is discharge | released outside from the gas vent provided in the ceiling part etc. of the bubble removal tank 9. FIG.

また、気泡除去槽９は、槽内に邪魔板等を設けて、槽内を流通するガラス融液が、ショートパスを形成しないで、ガラス融液導入口からガラス融液導出口まで所定の時間を掛けて流通するように構成されていてもよい。気泡除去槽９で気泡が除去されたガラス融液は、フロートバス、フュージョン成形機、ガラス瓶成形機、プレス成形機、短繊維・長繊維紡糸機等の各種成形装置（図示せず）に供給され、所要のガラス製品が製造される。   Further, the bubble removal tank 9 is provided with a baffle plate or the like in the tank, and the glass melt flowing in the tank does not form a short path, and a predetermined time period from the glass melt inlet to the glass melt outlet. You may be comprised so that it may distribute | circulate. The glass melt from which bubbles have been removed in the bubble removal tank 9 is supplied to various molding apparatuses (not shown) such as a float bath, a fusion molding machine, a glass bottle molding machine, a press molding machine, and a short fiber / long fiber spinning machine. The required glass product is manufactured.

さらに、本発明で使用されるガラス溶解槽４と気泡除去槽９との間に、ガラス融液の均質化を向上させる目的で撹拌槽を設けることもでき、カレットがガラス溶解槽４のガラス融液に直接投入される場合は、カレット片間あるいはカレットと粒子状のガラス原料混合物との間における組成の差により均質性が低下する場合が多いことから、撹拌槽を設けることが特に好ましい。   Furthermore, an agitation tank can be provided between the glass melting tank 4 and the bubble removal tank 9 used in the present invention for the purpose of improving homogenization of the glass melt. In the case where it is directly charged into the liquid, it is particularly preferable to provide a stirring tank because the homogeneity often decreases due to the difference in composition between the cullet pieces or between the cullet and the particulate glass raw material mixture.

以下、本発明の実施例を挙げて、本発明についてさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although the Example of this invention is given and this invention is demonstrated further more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

[例１]
粒径０．１ｍｍ以内の珪砂（ＳｉＯ2）７２ｍｏｌ％、炭酸ナトリウム（ソーダ灰）１３．５ｍｏｌ％、炭酸カルシウム（石灰石）１１ｍｏｌ％、アルミナ１．５ｍｏｌ％、炭酸カリウム１．５ｍｏｌ％、および硫酸ナトリウム（芒硝）０．５ｍｏｌ％の割合で合計７００ｋｇ秤量し、さらに粒径０．１ｍｍ以内に粉砕したカレット３００ｋｇを加えて撹拌混合し、さらにポリビニルアルコールを３％含むイソプロピルアルコール液を加えて混合することにより固めの粘土状に加工した。この粘土状の混合物を、末端に直径２ｍｍの複数の開口を有する内径３０ｃｍのシリンダー内に投入して押し出すことにより、直径約１ｍｍの線状の原料成形体を得た。この原料成形体を、２５０℃に昇温した回転キルンに投入して加熱撹拌することにより、粒径１ｍｍの球状の原料粒子からなる混合ガラス原料を得た。 [Example 1]
Silica sand (SiO 2 ) 72 mol% within a particle size of 0.1 mm, sodium carbonate (soda ash) 13.5 mol%, calcium carbonate (limestone) 11 mol%, alumina 1.5 mol%, potassium carbonate 1.5 mol%, and sodium sulfate (Sodium salt) Weighing 700 kg in total at a ratio of 0.5 mol%, adding 300 kg of cullet pulverized within a particle size of 0.1 mm, stirring and mixing, and adding and mixing isopropyl alcohol liquid containing 3% of polyvinyl alcohol. Was processed into a hard clay. This clay-like mixture was put into a cylinder with an inner diameter of 30 cm having a plurality of openings with a diameter of 2 mm at the ends and extruded to obtain a linear raw material molded body with a diameter of about 1 mm. This raw material compact was put into a rotary kiln heated to 250 ° C. and heated and stirred to obtain a mixed glass raw material composed of spherical raw material particles having a particle diameter of 1 mm.

次に、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示す構造を有し、内のりで底面８０×８０ｃｍ、高さ２ｍの寸法を有する円筒状の耐火煉瓦製のガラス原料の溶解装置１の上部に設けられた原料供給口２から下方に向けて３．５ｋｇ／分の供給速度で混合ガラス原料を供給した。供給された混合ガラス原料の原料粒子は、鉛直方向に対して下向きに８０度の角度で突設された６本のアーク電極６（六相アーク電極）によってガラス溶解装置１の内部中心空間に形成された熱プラズマの中心に供給され、熱プラズマ内７を通過しながら加熱され、ガラス融液上に降下された。このとき、原料粒子は、ガラス溶解槽４に滞留するガラス融液に達するまでに７００℃以上に加熱され、原料中から水分、ＣＯ2、有機物等は分離され、放出された。また、六相アークへの供給電力は、６５０ｋＷであり、作動ガスとして空気を５０Ｌ／分の供給速度で、炉体１ａに設けたガス供給口（図示せず）から原料加熱部３に供給した。また、ガラス溶解槽４は、予め六相アークにより１４００℃前後に加熱されているため、最初に、加熱された原料粒子は溶解槽底部に着地後、熱プラズマとガラス溶解槽４によりさらに加熱され相互に溶け合って融液状態で一体化して堆積してガラス融液を形成した。原料供給開始から２時間後に、ガラス溶解槽４の底部付近の側面に設けたガラス融液排出口５から平均約３．１ｋｇ／分の速度でガラス融液を流出させた。 Next, an upper portion of a glass raw material melting apparatus 1 made of a cylindrical refractory brick having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) and having a bottom surface of 80 × 80 cm and a height of 2 m. The mixed glass raw material was supplied downward from the raw material supply port 2 provided at a rate of 3.5 kg / min. The raw material particles of the supplied mixed glass raw material are formed in the inner central space of the glass melting apparatus 1 by six arc electrodes 6 (six-phase arc electrodes) protruding downward at an angle of 80 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. It was supplied to the center of the thermal plasma, heated while passing through the thermal plasma 7 and lowered onto the glass melt. At this time, the raw material particles were heated to 700 ° C. or higher until reaching the glass melt staying in the glass melting tank 4, and moisture, CO 2 , organic matter, and the like were separated and released from the raw material. The power supplied to the six-phase arc is 650 kW, and air is supplied as working gas to the raw material heating unit 3 from a gas supply port (not shown) provided in the furnace body 1a at a supply speed of 50 L / min. . In addition, since the glass melting tank 4 is heated to around 1400 ° C. by a six-phase arc in advance, the heated raw material particles are first heated by the thermal plasma and the glass melting tank 4 after landing on the bottom of the melting tank. The glass melt was formed by melting each other and integrating them in the melt state. Two hours after starting the supply of the raw material, the glass melt was allowed to flow out at an average rate of about 3.1 kg / min from the glass melt outlet 5 provided on the side surface near the bottom of the glass melting tank 4.

このガラス融液を、約１４００℃に電気的に加熱された幅５０ｃｍ、長さ２ｍ、高さ３０ｃｍの樋状の気泡除去槽９に導き、滞留させた。約３時間後に平均約３．１ｋｇ／分の速度でガラス融液を他端から連続的に流出させてブロック状の型（１０ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ×５ｃｍ）に導き、一旦、２００〜３００℃まで放冷した後、型から固化したガラス成形体を取り出して加熱徐冷処理を行った。このガラス成形体の表面を研磨して欠陥等の検査を行ったところ、すべてのガラスについて、直径０．１ｍｍ以上の未溶解珪砂および気泡は認められず、屈折率の局所的なムラも認められなかった。   The glass melt was introduced into a bowl-shaped bubble removing tank 9 having a width of 50 cm, a length of 2 m, and a height of 30 cm, which was electrically heated to about 1400 ° C., and was retained. After about 3 hours, the glass melt is continuously discharged from the other end at an average speed of about 3.1 kg / min, led to a block-shaped mold (10 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm), and then allowed to cool to 200 to 300 ° C. Then, the solidified glass molded body was taken out from the mold and subjected to a heating and slow cooling treatment. When the surface of this glass molded body was polished and inspected for defects and the like, undissolved silica sand and bubbles having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more were not observed, and local unevenness in refractive index was also observed for all glasses. There wasn't.

[例２]
粒径０．０５ｍｍ以内の珪砂（ＳｉＯ2）７２ｍｏｌ％、炭酸ナトリウム（ソーダ灰）１３．５ｍｏｌ％、炭酸カルシウム（石灰石）１１ｍｏｌ％、アルミナ１．５ｍｏｌ％炭酸カリウム１．５ｍｏｌ％、および硫酸ナトリウム（芒硝）０．５ｍｏｌ％の割合で合計７００ｋｇ秤量し、さらに粒径０．０５ｍｍ以内に粉砕したカレット３００ｋｇを加えて撹拌混合し、これにＰＶＡを３％含む水を容量比で１０倍の量供給して微粒子が分散した水溶液にした。得られた液状の混合物を、２００〜３００℃に加熱されたスプレードライ装置内に噴射することにより、直径約０．５ｍｍの顆粒状の原料粒子からなる混合ガラス原料を得た。 [Example 2]
Silica sand (SiO 2 ) 72 mol% within a particle size of 0.05 mm, sodium carbonate (soda ash) 13.5 mol%, calcium carbonate (limestone) 11 mol%, alumina 1.5 mol% potassium carbonate 1.5 mol%, and sodium sulfate (芒 酸） Weighed 700 kg at a ratio of 0.5 mol%, added 300 kg of cullet pulverized to a particle size of 0.05 mm, mixed with stirring, and supplied water containing 3% PVA in a volume ratio of 10 times. Thus, an aqueous solution in which fine particles were dispersed was obtained. The obtained liquid mixture was sprayed into a spray-drying apparatus heated to 200 to 300 ° C. to obtain a mixed glass raw material composed of granular raw material particles having a diameter of about 0.5 mm.

次に、図１（ａ）および図１（ｂ）に示す構造を有し、内のりで底面８０×８０ｃｍ、高さ２ｍの寸法を有する耐火煉瓦製のガラス原料の溶解装置１のガラス溶解槽４の上部に下方を向けて対向して取り付けられた二対の酸水素炎ノズルのノズル中心付近より、この混合ガラス原料を合計３ｋｇ／分の供給速度で供給した。混合ガラス原料を構成する原料粒子は、ガラス溶解槽４の底部（またはガラス融液面）に達するまでに７００℃以上に加熱され、原料中の水分、ＣＯ2、有機物などはほぼ放出された。ガラス溶解槽４は、予め酸水素炎により１４００℃前後に加熱されていたため、加熱された原料粒子はガラス溶解槽４の底部に着地後、酸水素炎とガラス溶解槽４によりさらに加熱され相互に溶け合って融液状態で一体化して堆積してガラス融液を形成し、原料供給開始から２時間後に、ガラス溶解槽４の底部付近の側面に設けられたガラス融液排出口５から平均約２．７ｋｇ／分の速度で流出した。このときの酸水素炎の供給ガス量は、水素６００Ｌ／分、酸素３００Ｌ／分であった。このガラス融液を、例１と同様に、気泡除去、成形して検査を行ったところ、すべてのガラスについて、直径０．１ｍｍ以上の未溶解珪砂および気泡は認められず、屈折率の局所的なムラも認められなかった。 Next, the glass melting tank 4 of the melting apparatus 1 for glass raw material made of refractory bricks having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) and having a bottom surface of 80 × 80 cm and a height of 2 m. The mixed glass raw material was supplied at a supply rate of 3 kg / min in total from the vicinity of the nozzle center of two pairs of oxyhydrogen flame nozzles attached facing the upper part of the upper part facing downward. The raw material particles constituting the mixed glass raw material were heated to 700 ° C. or higher before reaching the bottom (or glass melt surface) of the glass melting tank 4, and moisture, CO 2 , organic matter, etc. in the raw material were almost released. Since the glass melting tank 4 was previously heated to about 1400 ° C. by the oxyhydrogen flame, the heated raw material particles landed on the bottom of the glass melting tank 4 and further heated by the oxyhydrogen flame and the glass melting tank 4 to each other. 2 hours after starting raw material supply, an average of about 2 from the glass melt outlet 5 provided on the side surface near the bottom of the glass melting tank 4 Spilled at a rate of 7 kg / min. The amount of gas supplied to the oxyhydrogen flame at this time was 600 L / min for hydrogen and 300 L / min for oxygen. When this glass melt was inspected by removing bubbles and molding in the same manner as in Example 1, no undissolved silica sand and bubbles having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more were observed in all glasses, and the refractive index was locally increased. No irregularities were found.

[例３]
例１において、ガラス溶解槽４の底部に通電加熱器を挿入し、白金製の攪拌機を備えた撹拌槽を気泡除去槽９との間に設けた装置を用い、ガラス溶解槽４の下部より５０ｃｍ上方の側面に設けられた開口部より、約７００℃に予熱されたカレット粒を毎分２ｋｇの速度で供給するとともに、例１と同じ混合ガラス原料を使用して、六相プラズマノズルの先端付近からの原料粒子供給量を１．５ｋｇ／分に減らして溶解を行った。ここで使用したカレット粒は、予め外径１ｍｍ以内に粉砕し、十分混合してから組成分析し、原料粒子とほぼ同一の組成であることを確認してから使用した。その結果、例１と同様の結果を得ることができた。 [Example 3]
In Example 1, an electric heater was inserted into the bottom of the glass dissolution tank 4, and a device provided with a stirrer tank equipped with a platinum stirrer between the bubble removal tank 9 was used, and 50 cm from the lower part of the glass dissolution tank 4 From the opening provided on the upper side, cullet grains preheated to about 700 ° C. are supplied at a rate of 2 kg per minute, and using the same mixed glass raw material as in Example 1, near the tip of the six-phase plasma nozzle The raw material particle supply amount from was reduced to 1.5 kg / min for dissolution. The cullet grains used here were preliminarily pulverized within an outer diameter of 1 mm, mixed well, and then subjected to composition analysis to confirm that they had almost the same composition as the raw material particles. As a result, the same result as in Example 1 could be obtained.

本発明は、従来技術における未溶解欠点、不均質欠点などの欠陥の発生を大幅に抑制し、効率的な気泡除去を可能にし、溶融窯の大規模化と膨大なエネルギー消費を回避することができ、少量多品種製品の機動的な生産にも対応できるため、板ガラス、びんガラス、繊維ガラス、電気ガラス等のあらゆるガラス製品の工業的製造に有用である。   The present invention significantly suppresses the occurrence of defects such as undissolved defects and inhomogeneous defects in the prior art, enables efficient bubble removal, and avoids the large-scale melting furnace and enormous energy consumption. It can also be used for the flexible production of a small variety of products, so it is useful for industrial production of all glass products such as flat glass, bottle glass, fiber glass, and electric glass.

（ａ）は、本発明の実施形態に係るガラス原料の溶解装置の模式縦断面図、（ｂ）は、ガラス原料の模式横断面図である。(A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the melting | dissolving apparatus of the glass raw material which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass raw material. 本発明の実施形態に係るガラス製造装置の一部構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the partial structure of the glass manufacturing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 溶解装置
２ 原料供給口
３ 原料加熱部
４ ガラス融液部
５ ガラス融液排出口
６ アーク電極
７ 熱プラズマ
８ ガラス融液
９ 気泡除去槽 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Melting apparatus 2 Raw material supply port 3 Raw material heating part 4 Glass melt part 5 Glass melt discharge port 6 Arc electrode 7 Thermal plasma 8 Glass melt 9 Bubble removal tank

Claims (13)

炭酸塩を含むガラス原料の溶解方法であって、
粉状の複数種類の前記ガラス原料を混合し粒子状に成形して、前記粒子毎の組成が前記粒子間で均一な混合ガラス原料を調製する工程と、
前記混合ガラス原料を、加熱気相雰囲気中を通過させることによって前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱し前記炭酸塩を分解させ、分解生成した炭酸ガスを前記粒子外に放出させる工程と、
加熱された前記混合ガラス原料を、ガラス融液上の前記加熱気相雰囲気により加熱されている領域に降下させて前記加熱気相雰囲気によりさらに加熱し溶解させる工程と、を含むことを特徴とするガラス原料の溶解方法。 A method for melting glass raw material containing carbonate,
A step of mixing a plurality of powdery glass raw materials and forming them into particles , and preparing a mixed glass raw material in which the composition for each particle is uniform among the particles ;
Heating the mixed glass raw material above the decomposition reaction temperature of the carbonate by passing through a heated gas phase atmosphere , decomposing the carbonate, and releasing the decomposed carbon dioxide gas out of the particles ;
The heated the mixture frit, characterized in that it comprises a and a step of further heating dissolved by the heating vapor atmosphere is lowered to a region being heated by the heating vapor atmosphere over the glass melt Method for melting glass raw materials. 前記加熱気相雰囲気が、熱プラズマアークまたは酸素燃焼炎によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   The method for melting a glass raw material according to claim 1, wherein the heated gas phase atmosphere is formed by a thermal plasma arc or an oxyfuel flame. 前記ガラス原料は、粒径が実質的に１μｍ〜０．１ｍｍであり、
前記混合ガラス原料は、粒径が実質的に０．１ｍｍ〜１ｍｍであることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。 The glass raw material has a particle size of substantially 1 μm to 0.1 mm,
The method for melting a glass material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed glass material has a particle diameter of substantially 0.1 mm to 1 mm . 前記熱プラズマアークを形成するプラズマノズルの周囲から中心に向けて、前記混合ガラス原料を供給することを特徴とする請求項２または請求項３に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   The method for melting a glass material according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the mixed glass material is supplied from the periphery of the plasma nozzle forming the thermal plasma arc toward the center. 前記熱プラズマアークを３相以上の多相交流電場の放電により発生させることを特徴とする請求項４に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   The method for melting a glass raw material according to claim 4, wherein the thermal plasma arc is generated by discharging a multiphase AC electric field having three or more phases. 前記酸素燃焼炎を形成する燃焼炎ノズルの中央部に前記混合ガラス原料を供給することを特徴とする請求項２に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   The method for melting a glass material according to claim 2, wherein the mixed glass material is supplied to a central portion of a combustion flame nozzle that forms the oxyfuel flame. 前記加熱気相雰囲気の温度が、１６００℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項６のいずれか１項に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   The method for melting a glass raw material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the temperature of the heated gas phase atmosphere is 1600 ° C or higher. ガラス原料の一部を構成するガラスカレットの一部あるいは全部を、前記加熱気相雰囲気中を通過させずに、直接、ガラス融液上に供給することを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項７のいずれか１項に記載のガラス原料の溶解方法。   A part or all of the glass cullet constituting part of the glass raw material is directly supplied onto the glass melt without passing through the heated gas phase atmosphere. The glass raw material melting method according to any one of the above. 炭酸塩を含むガラス原料を溶解する装置であって、
粉状の複数種類の前記ガラス原料を混合し粒子状に成形して、前記粒子毎の組成が前記粒子間で均一になるように調整された混合ガラス原料が、通過して前記炭酸塩の分解反応温度以上に加熱され、前記炭酸塩を分解させ、分解生成した炭酸ガスを前記粒子外に放出させる加熱気相雰囲気を形成する原料加熱部と、
加熱された前記混合ガラス原料が、上部の前記加熱気相雰囲気により加熱されている領域に供給され、前記混合ガラス原料を前記加熱気相雰囲気によりさらに加熱するガラス融液を貯留するガラス融液部と、
を含むことを特徴とするガラス原料の溶解装置。 An apparatus for melting glass raw materials containing carbonate,
By molding a powdery plurality of types of the glass raw material mixed particulate, degradation composition of each of the particles is adjusted mixed glass raw materials so as to be uniform among the particles passes through the carbonate A raw material heating unit that is heated to a reaction temperature or higher , decomposes the carbonate, and forms a heated gas phase atmosphere that releases the decomposed carbon dioxide gas out of the particles ;
Heated the mixture glass raw material is supplied to the region being heated by the heating gas phase atmosphere of the upper glass melt unit for storing the glass melt for further heating the mixture of glass raw material by the heating vapor atmosphere When,
A glass raw material melting apparatus comprising: 前記原料加熱部は、熱プラズマアークまたは酸素燃焼炎によって前記加熱気相雰囲気が形成することを特徴とする請求項９に記載のガラス原料の溶解装置。   The glass material melting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the heating gas phase atmosphere is formed in the raw material heating unit by a thermal plasma arc or an oxyfuel flame. 前記ガラス融液部は、ガラス融液の補助加熱手段を有することを特徴とする請求項９または請求項１０に記載のガラス原料の溶解装置。   The said glass melt part has an auxiliary | assistant heating means of glass melt, The melting | dissolving apparatus of the glass raw material of Claim 9 or Claim 10 characterized by the above-mentioned. 請求項９〜請求項１１のいずれか１項に記載のガラス原料の溶解装置と、当該ガラス原料の溶解装置のガラス融液排出口に連設された気泡除去槽とを備えることを特徴とするガラス製造装置。   A glass raw material melting apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11, and a bubble removal tank connected to a glass melt outlet of the glass raw material melting apparatus. Glass manufacturing equipment. 前記ガラス原料の溶解装置のガラス融液排出口から、気泡除去が不完全な状態でガラス融液を排出し、排出されたガラス融液を気泡除去槽に導入するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項１２に記載のガラス製造装置。   From the glass melt discharge port of the glass raw material melting device, the glass melt is discharged in a state where bubbles are not completely removed, and the discharged glass melt is introduced into the bubble removal tank. The glass manufacturing apparatus according to claim 12.
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