JP3582211B2 - Exercise support device - Google Patents

Description

【００８６】
次に、プロセッサ１は、計測した脈拍数が上述した目標心拍数の上下限値で決まる範囲を逸脱していないかどうかを調べる。そして、実測した脈拍数が上限値を上回っているのであればもう少し運動を軽くするように表示装置７上に指示し、他方、実測した脈拍数が下限値を下回っているのであればもう少し運動の強さを増すように指示を出す。
【００８７】
以上のように、脈拍数等を表示装置７へ表示することで、実施する運動を使用者自身が加減できるようにするとともに、適正な脈拍数で運動がなされているかが調べられ、過度に強い運動をしたり効果的でない運動を漫然と行うことなく適度な運動の強さとなるような監視がなされる。
【００８８】
そして、予定していた運動時間が経過して時計回路１０から割り込みが入ると、プロセッサ１は運動を終えるように使用者へ指示を出す。これにより、使用者はすぐに運動を止めるか或いは区切りの良いところで運動を止め、ボタンスイッチ１１４を再度押下して運動が終了した旨を携帯部１０へ通知する。これにより、プロセッサ１は時計回路１０から現時点の時刻を読み取って、運動終了時刻として作業メモリ３へ格納するとともに、上述した脈拍数等測定と運動の指導を終了させる。
【００８９】
次に、運動後における加速度脈波の測定を実施するため、使用者は携帯部７０と定置部８０の間を通信ケーブルＣＢで接続してから、ボタンスイッチ１１７を押下する。するとプロセッサ１は、作業メモリ３上に記憶された各測定時点における脈拍数と運動開始時点からの総運動量およびこれらの測定時刻，運動開始時刻，運動終了時刻を順に定置部８０へ送出し、これに同期して、ＣＰＵ１１は送られてきたデータを逐一ＲＡＭ１３へ書き込んでゆく。
【００９０】
次に、ＣＰＵ１１は、運動中に計測された脈拍数を逐一検査して目標心拍数とその上下限値から逸脱した程度を調べる。また、運動開始時刻と運動終了時刻とから正味の運動時間を求めて、この値が目標運動時間から逸脱した程度を調べる。そして、これらの逸脱の程度が著しい場合は、この旨を使用者へ通知して指示通りの運動が行われていないことを知らせるとともに、計測された脈拍数が既定の範囲を逸脱した回数，運動時間の実測値，運動時間の目標値をそれぞれ携帯部７０側へ転送して表示装置７上に表示させる。
【００９１】
次いでＣＰＵ１１は、運動開始前と同様の手順に従って運動後における加速度脈波を計測する。そして、この結果から振幅比ｄ／ａを算出してＲＡＭ１３へ格納するとともに、運動後に測定した振幅比ｄ／ａのパターンの種類を決定してＲＡＭ１３へ格納し、パターンの種類を表示装置７上に表示させる。
【００９２】
さらにＣＰＵ１１は、運動前のパターンと運動後のパターンとを比較し、その結果、パターンが▲１▼側へ変化しており状態に改善が見られるか、或いはパターンが変化しておらず状態が維持されているのであれば、「健康状態が改善されてきています。」或いは「健康状態が維持されています。」などと言うメッセージを携帯部７０側へ送出して、これらメッセージを表示装置７上に表示させる。なお、実際にはパターンの種類を比較するのではなく、振幅比ｄ／ａの値を直接比較するようにしても良いのはもちろんである。
【００９３】
一方、パターンが▲６▼側へ変化しており状態が悪化している場合は、その日の体調に対していま行った運動が過度のものであったものと言える。そこで、ＣＰＵ１１は、先に設定された目標心拍数，１週間当たりの運動の頻度，１回当たりの運動時間の各要素のうち、少なくとも１つ以上の要素について運動が軽くなるような調整を行う。
【００９４】
一番簡便な方法としては、図３に示す目標値のテーブル上で年齢階級を高年齢の方向へ１段階だけシフトさせることが考えられる。上述したように、例えば初期の目標値が５０代のものであれば、今度は６０代のものへ目標値を変更する。また、目標値を徐々に下げていった結果、最高年代である６０代のものになってしまった場合は、医師等に相談するように指導するか、あるいは、これ以後は１週間の合計目標時間を１０分ずつ減らすとともに、目標心拍数を５ずつ下げてゆくようにすれば良い。
【００９５】
なお、目標値を上げる場合には上記とは正反対であり、１週間の合計目標時間を１０分ずつ増やすとともに、目標心拍数を５ずつ上げてゆくようにすれば良い。ちなみに、心拍数（脈拍数）と運動強度は（１）式で定義される関係にあることから、目標心拍数を下げることは運動強度を軽くすることに相当する。また、これらの調整方法はあくまで一例であって、上記の３つの要素を適宜組み合わせることで、目標値を如何ようにも調整することができる。
【００９６】
以上の処理が終了すると、新たな運動の目標値をもとに、運動実施前にあっては運動の処方，運動中にあっては運動の指導，運動実施後にあっては健康状態・運動内容の評価と目標値の再調整の処理が繰り返しなされてゆく。そして、以上のようなトレーニングを例えば１０週間実施した段階で、医師などの専門家が使用者自身の運動能力を再評価し、この評価結果をもとに新たな運動目標値の初期値を装置へ設定することになる。
このようにして、適正な運動処方と運動指導によって、無理せず安全に、使用者の健康状態を良好な状態へ移行させてゆくことができる。
【００９７】
なお、本装置では、キーボード１６から表示コマンドを投入することで、ＣＰＵ１１がＲＡＭ１３に格納されている各種データをディスプレイ装置１７に表示させる。これらデータとしては、運動前の振幅比ｄ／ａ，運動後の振幅比ｄ／ａ，各測定時点における脈拍数及び運動開始時点からの総運動量，正味の運動時間，脈拍数の時間推移のグラフ表示，運動実施前および運動実施後にそれぞれ測定した脈波波形などがある。
【００９８】
また、使用者の実施した運動を評価する手法としては、以下に述べるようなものも考えられる。
図１２は、使用者が実施した運動開始時からの総運動量と、運動の前後における振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率との関係の一例を示したものである。この図に示すように、運動量が少ない場合には、振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率は小さく、概ね＋５％未満の値が得られる（図１２の”Ｉ”の領域）。次に、これよりも運動量を多くしてゆくと、振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率は徐々に上昇して＋５％を越えるようになり、その後は、ある時点から該変化率が下降を始め、振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率が再び＋５％程度となる（図１２の”ＩＩ”の領域）。次いで、運動量をもっと増やすと、振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率はさらに下降して＋５％を下回り、−１０％程度まで下降する（図１２の”ＩＩＩ”の領域）。さらに運動量を増やしてゆくと、振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率はさらに下降して、−１０％を下回るようになる（図１２の”ＩＶ”の領域）。
【００９９】
そこでＣＰＵ１１は、各測定時点における運動開始時点からの総運動量と振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率との関係をもとに運動の評価を行う。そのために、ＣＰＵ１１は運動後の振幅比ｄ／ａと運動前の振幅比ｄ／ａとの差分を求め、この差分を運動前の振幅比ｄ／ａで除して振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率を算出する。そして、得られた振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率と運動中に計測された運動量とを図１２のグラフにプロットした場合に、このプロットが領域Ｉ〜ＩＶの何れの領域に位置するかに応じて評価を下す。
【０１００】
すなわち、図１２の”Ｉ”の領域に存在すれば、実施した運動が弱すぎたものと評価し、図１２の”ＩＩ”の領域に存在すれば運動が適度であったと評価し、図１２の”ＩＩＩ”の領域に存在すれば運動がやや強かったものと評価し、図１２の”ＩＶ”の領域に存在すれば運動が強すぎたと評価する。そしてＣＰＵ１１は、この評価結果に基づいて、次に実施すべき運動の目標値を調整して以後の処方を行うようにする。
【０１０１】
例えば、評価結果が領域Ｉとされた場合には、目標値を図３の年齢階級上で１段階だけ低年齢側にシフトするようにする。同様に、評価結果が領域ＩＩＩ，又は，ＩＶとされた場合は、目標値を図３の年齢階級上で１段階だけ高年齢側にシフトとする，又は，２段階だけ高年齢側にシフトすることが考えられる。
さらにＣＰＵ１１は、領域Ｉ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩ，ＩＶの各々の場合について、それぞれ「運動が軽すぎます」，「丁度良い運動です」，「運動がやや強い状態です」，「運動が強すぎます」などというメッセージを携帯部７０側へ転送して、これらメッセージを表示装置７上へ表示させて評価結果を使用者へ告知する。
【０１０２】
なお、前述したように、上記では振幅比ｄ／ａだけを用いた場合について説明したが、振幅比ｄ／ａと振幅比ｃ／ａとを参照した評価方法を用いることによって、いっそう高い精度で運動の評価を行うことが可能となる。つまり、例えば、振幅比ｄ／ａの値が２０％であれば、図６（ｂ）から、加速度脈波の波形がパターン▲２▼に属するものと決定することができる。一方、振幅比ｄ／ａの値が８０％であれば、パターン▲４▼〜▲６▼の何れかに属することまでは特定できるので、これらのパターンのうちの何れのパターンであるかを絞り込むために、さらに振幅比ｃ／ａの値を参照する。いま、振幅比ｃ／ａの値が例えば３０％であれば、図６（ｂ）から、加速度脈波の波形がパターン▲５▼に属するものと決定することができる。
【０１０３】
〈第２実施形態〉
近年、心拍変動から得られるパワースペクトルなどの情報が心臓病，中枢神経疾患，末梢神経疾患，糖尿病，高血圧，脳血管障害，突然死などの様々な疾病の診断，治療に用いられ始めてきている。このようなことから、本実施形態では、心拍変動のゆらぎに対応する脈波のゆらぎの解析からＬＦ，ＨＦ，ＲＲ５０の各指標を得て、加速度脈波から得られる指標の代わりにこれら指標を使用者の身体の状態を表わす指標として用いることとする。そこでまず、これら指標の意味について説明する。
【０１０４】
心電図において、ある心拍のＲ波と次の心拍のＲ波との時間間隔はＲＲ間隔と呼ばれており、人体における自律神経機能の指標となる数値である。図１３は、心電図における心拍と、これら心拍の波形から得られるＲＲ間隔を図示したものである。同図からも見て取れるように、心電図の測定結果の解析からＲＲ間隔が時間の推移とともに変動することが知られている。
【０１０５】
一方、橈骨動脈部などで測定される血圧の変動は、収縮期血圧および拡張期血圧の一拍毎の変動として定義され、心電図におけるＲＲ間隔の変動と対応している。図１４は、心電図と血圧との関係を示したものである。この図からわかるように、一拍毎の収縮期および拡張期の血圧は、各ＲＲ間隔における動脈圧の最大値および該最大値の直前に見られる極小値として測定される。
【０１０６】
これら心拍変動或いは血圧変動のスペクトル分析を行うことで、これらの変動が複数の周波数の波から構成されていることがわかる。これらの波は以下に示す３種類の変動成分に区分される。
・呼吸に一致した変動であるＨＦ（Ｈｉｇｈ Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ）成分
・１０秒前後の周期で変動するＬＦ（Ｌｏｗ Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ）成分
・測定限界よりも低い周波数で変動するトレンド（Ｔｒｅｎｄ）
【０１０７】
これら成分を得るには、まず、測定した脈波の各々について、隣接する脈波と脈波の間のＲＲ間隔を求めて、得られたＲＲ間隔の離散値を適当な方法（たとえば３次のスプライン補間）により補間する（図１３を参照）。そして、補間後の曲線にＦＦＴ（高速フーリエ変換）処理を施してスペクトル分析を行うことで、上記の変動成分を周波数軸上のピークとして取り出すことが可能となる。図１５（ａ）は、測定した脈波のＲＲ間隔の変動波形、および、該変動波形を上記３つの周波数成分に分解した場合の各変動成分の波形を示している。また図１５（ｂ）は、同図（ａ）に示したＲＲ間隔の変動波形に対するスペクトル分析の結果である。
【０１０８】
この図からわかるように、０．０７Ｈｚ付近，０．２５Ｈｚ付近の２つの周波数においてピークが見られる。前者がＬＦ成分であり後者がＨＦ成分である。なお、トレンドの成分は測定限界以下であるため図からは読み取れない。
ＬＦ成分は交感神経の活動に関係しており、本成分の振幅が大きいほど緊張の傾向にある。一方、ＨＦ成分は副交感神経の活動に関係しており、本成分の振幅が大きいほどリラックスの傾向にある。
【０１０９】
ＬＦ成分およびＨＦ成分の振幅値には個人差があるので、このことを考慮した場合、ＬＦ成分とＨＦ成分の振幅比である「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」が人体の状態の推定に有用である。そして、上述したＬＦ成分とＨＦ成分の特質から、「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」の値が大きいほど緊張の傾向にあり、「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」の値が小さいほどリラックスの傾向にあることが導かれる。
【０１１０】
一方、ＲＲ５０とは、所定時間（例えば１分間）の脈波の測定において、連続する２心拍のＲＲ間隔の絶対値が５０ミリ秒以上変動した個数で定義される。ＲＲ５０の値が大きいほど人体の状態は鎮静状態にあり、ＲＲ５０の値が小さいほど興奮状態にあることが知られている。
ところで、使用者の身体の状態とこれらの指標との間には相関関係が存在している。
【０１１１】
強化トレーニングを実施させて、副交感神経の機能を低下させ交感神経優位の状態とすることによって、上述したような疾病を抱える患者の身体の状態に類似した状況を作り出すことができる。そして、強化トレーニングを中止した後の身体の回復期に上記の指標の変化を観察してみると、例えば、ＨＦ成分は日が経つにつれて増加する傾向を示し、他方、「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」の値は日増しに減少する傾向が見られる。
【０１１２】
つまり、身体の状態が回復してゆくにつれて、ＨＦ成分或いは「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」の値は、緊張した状態を示す値からリラックスした状態を示す値へと増加或いは減少してゆく。したがって、ＨＦ成分や「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」のみならずＬＦ成分やＲＲ５０も含め、これら各指標の値の増減を観察することで人体の状態の良否を判定できるという推定が成り立ち、これら指標を上述した振幅比ｄ／ａの代わりに用いることができるものと考えられる。
【０１１３】
次に、本実施形態による運動支援装置について説明する。本実施形態では第１実施形態における振幅比ｄ／ａの代わりに上記４つの指標のうちの１つを用いる形態であって、その装置構成は第１実施形態と同じものである。そこで、以下、本実施形態に特有の動作を中心に装置の動作を説明することとする。
なお、第１実施形態では、加速度脈波波形を６つのパターンに分類することとしたが、本実施形態では、これら指標の値に応じて幾つかのグレードに分けるようにする。もっとも、このようにグレード分けをすることなしに、これら指標の値そのものを用いても良いのはもちろんである。
【０１１４】
運動実施前において、使用者はまず携帯部７０と定置部８０を接続し、安静状態を確認してからボタンスイッチ１１７を押下する。これにより、プロセッサ１は所定時間分の脈波を取り込んで該脈波波形から安静時の脈拍数を算出し、年齢と性別が未だ入力されていなければこれらの値を使用者に入力させ、所定時間分の脈波波形，安静時の脈拍数，年齢，性別をそれぞれ作業メモリ３へ格納する。次いで、プロセッサ１とＣＰＵ１１が協同してこれらデータを作業メモリ３からＲＡＭ１３へ転送する。
【０１１５】
次にＣＰＵ１１は、送られた脈波の波形をもとに上記の４つの指標を算出する処理に入る。以下、この処理を詳述する。
ＣＰＵ１１は脈波の波形から極大点を抽出するために、ＲＡＭ１３上に格納されている脈波波形に対して時間微分をとり、時間微分値がゼロの時刻を求めて波形が極点をとる時刻をすべて求める。次いで、各時刻の極点が極大・極小のいずれであるのかを、該極点の近傍の波形の傾斜（すなわち時間微分値）から決定する。たとえば、ある極点に対して、該極点よりも以前の所定時間分につき波形の傾斜の移動平均を算出する。この移動平均が正であれば該極点は極大であり、負であれば極小であることがわかる。
【０１１６】
次に、ＣＰＵ１１は抽出した極大点の各々について該極大点の直前に存在する極小点を求める。そして、極大点および極小点における脈波の振幅をＲＡＭ１３から読み出して両者の振幅差を求め、この差が所定値以上であれば該極大点の時刻を脈波のピークとする。そして、取り込んだ全ての脈波波形に対してこのピークの検出処理を行ったのち、隣接する２つのピークの時刻をもとに両者の時間間隔（心拍におけるＲＲ間隔に相当する）を計算する。
【０１１７】
ここで、上記で得られたＲＲ間隔の値は時間軸上で離散的であるため、隣接するＲＲ間隔の間を適当な補間方法により補間して、図１５（ａ）に示すごとき曲線を得る。次いで、補間後の曲線に対してＦＦＴ処理を施して、図１５（ｂ）に示すようなスペクトルを得る。そして、脈波の波形に対して実施したのと同様の極大判別処理を適用して、このスペクトルにおける極大値と該極大値に対応する周波数を求めて、低い周波数領域で得られた極大値をＬＦ成分，高い周波数で得られた極大値をＨＦ成分とし、各成分の振幅を求めて両者の振幅比「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」を算出する。さらに、ＣＰＵ１１は、上記で得られたＲＲ間隔をもとにして隣接するＲＲ間隔の時間差を順次求め、その各々につき該時間差が５０ミリ秒を越えるかどうかを調べる。そして、これに該当する個数を数えてＲＲ５０とする。
【０１１８】
次にＣＰＵ１１は、上記で求めた指標の値が何れのグレードに属するかを決定して、これを指標の値と一緒にＲＡＭ１３へ格納し、さらに、グレードの種類と指標の値をディスプレイ装置１７上に表示する。次いで、ＣＰＵ１１はこれから実施する運動の処方のための準備を第１実施形態と同様に行う。すなわち、１回当たりの運動時間，目標心拍数とその上下限値，運動の頻度を決定し、これらをＲＡＭ１３へ格納したのち、プロセッサ１と協同してこれらの値を作業メモリ３へ転送する。
【０１１９】
以上の処理がすべて終了すると、ＣＰＵ１１は事前の設定が終了したの旨を処方内容とともに携帯部７０側へ転送し、これらを表示装置７上に表示させる。これにより、使用者は携帯部７０と定置部８０を分離したのち、ボタンスイッチ１１４を押下して運動の開始を装置へ通知する。そして、これ以後の動作は第１実施形態に準じる。すなわち、プロセッサ１は、運動実施中は脈拍数と運動開始時点からの総運動量を算出してこれらを測定時刻とともに作業メモリ３へ書き込むとともに、表示装置７上に表示させる。さらにプロセッサ１は、計測した脈拍数，目標脈拍数およびその上下限値に基づいて運動の指導を行う。
【０１２０】
その後、目標運動時間が経過すると、プロセッサ１は運動の終了を使用者へ指示し、のちに使用者がボタンスイッチ１１４を押した時点で脈拍数等の測定，運動の指導を終了させる。次いで使用者は携帯部７０と定置部８０を接続して、ボタンスイッチ１１７を押下する。これにより、ＣＰＵ１１は運動開始前と同様の手順で上記指標を算出し、当該指標に対応するグレードを求めて、グレードの値と指標そのものの値とをＲＡＭ１３へ格納する。さらにＣＰＵ１１は、プロセッサ１と協同して、携帯部７０側で計測されたデータを作業メモリ３からＲＡＭ１３へアップロードする。さらにＣＰＵ１１は、運度中に計測された脈拍数と正味の運動時間がそれぞれ目標値から著しく逸脱していないかを調べて、そうであれば使用者へ告知を行う。
【０１２１】
次に、ＣＰＵ１１は運動前後における指標の値を比較して、使用者の健康状態が改善，現状維持，悪化の何れであるかを使用者へ告知する。ここで、状態が改善されたか悪化したかの判断基準については、ＬＦ或いは「ＬＦ／ＨＦ」の場合は、運動したことによって値が減少していれば改善されたものと言え、増加していれば悪化したものと言える。一方、ＨＦ或いはＲＲ５０の場合は、減少していれば悪化しているものと言え、増加していれば改善されたものと言える。
【０１２２】
健康状態が悪化していると判断した場合、ＣＰＵ１１は運動の処方内容を、より軽い運動となるように調整する。そして以後は、上記と同様にして、運動の処方，指導，診断のサイクルを繰り返して実施してゆく。
なお、以上の説明では、４つの指標の何れか１つを用いることとしたが、これら指標の幾つかを総合的に勘案するようにしても良い。
【０１２３】
〈コネクタ部の他の実施形態〉
上記の各実施形態では、装置本体１００のコネクタ部１０５ａ，１０５ｂにケーブル１０１，ケーブルＣＢを独立に着脱できるようにしていたが、これらケーブルを装着する形態はこれに限られるものではない。以下では、これらケーブルを腕時計のコネクタ部に接続するための他の形態について説明する。ちなみに、以下に説明するコネクタ部の構造は、本出願人らによって出願された特願平７−１６６５５１号公報（発明の名称；腕装着型脈波計測機器および脈波情報処理装置）に記載されたコネクタ部等に改良を加えたものである。
【０１２４】
図１６は、図８〜図９に示した腕時計を上面から見た拡大図であり、これらの図に示されたものと同じ部品については同一の符号を付してありその説明を省略する。この図ではケーブル類を取り外した状態を示してあり、図中の符号２００がコネクタ部である。一方、図１７にはコネクタ部２００の部分を拡大した斜視図を示してある。図示したように、コネクタ部２００の上面部２１１には、図１における脈波センサ４及び通信ケーブルＣＢを携帯部７０と電気的に接続するための端子２２１，２２２が設けられている。
【０１２５】
次に、図１８はコネクタ部２００に装着されるコネクタピース２３０の斜視図である。コネクタピース２３０にはケーブル１０１が接続されるとともに、その下面部２３１には、ケーブル１０１を接続した場合に静電気の影響を防止する回路（図示略）を作動させるための可動ピン２４７〜２４８と、上記の端子２２１，２２２と電気的に接続される電極部２５１，２５２が形成されている。また、これに加えて、コネクタピース２３０の上面部２３２には、後述するコネクタピース３００との間で電気的な接続を持つための端子２６１と、四隅には孔２６６が形成されている。
【０１２６】
コネクタピース２３０をコネクタ部２００に装着するには、コネクタピース２３０をコネクタ部２００に向けて押し付けた後に、矢印Ｑの方向にコネクタピース２３０をスライドさせれば良く、これにより、各電極部２５１，２５２に対して各端子２２１，２２２が電気的に接続される。一方、コネクタピース２３０をコネクタ部２００から外すには、コネクタピース２３０を矢印Ｒの方向にスライドさせた後に、コネクタピース２３０を持ち上げれば良い。
【０１２７】
次に、図１９はコネクタカバー２６０の構成を示す図である。コネクタカバー２６０は、コネクタ部２００からコネクタピース２３０を外し、通常の腕時計として用いる際にコネクタ部へ装着するものである。このコネクタカバー２６０の下面部２６１には、コネクタ部２００の各端子２２１，２２２が配置された位置に対応して、孔２７１，２７２が形成されている。
【０１２８】
一方、コネクタ部２００にコネクタピース２３０だけを装着させた場合、コネクタピース２３０に設けられた各端子２６１を保護するために、図２０に示すコネクタカバー２８０を装着する。コネクタピース２８０の下面部２８１の四隅にはピン２８６が設けられており、これらのピンは上述したコネクタピース２３０の孔２６６に圧着するようにしており、運動中などであってもコネクタカバー２８０がコネクタピース２３０から外れないようになっている。また、コネクタカバー２８０の下面部２８１には孔２９１が設けられており、これらの孔はコネクタピース２３０の端子２６１と嵌合する。
【０１２９】
次に、図２１にはコネクタピース３００の斜視図を示してある。コネクタピース３００は、コネクタピース２３０の上に積み重ねるようにして使用されるものであり、図示したようにケーブルＣＢが接続されている。また、コネクタピース３００の下面部３０１には電極部３１１が設けられ、これらの電極部はコネクタピース２３０に設けられた端子２６１と電気的に接続される。なお、上述した各実施形態の説明からわかるように、コネクタピース３００は携帯部７０と定置部８０とを接続する必要のある場合にだけコネクタピース２３０に装着される。
【０１３０】
〈携帯部７０と定置部８０との間の他の接続形態〉
携帯部７０と定置部８０の間を接続するには、上記各実施形態で説明した態様以外にも種々のものが考えられる。以下にその一例を示す。
図２２は、携帯部７０と定置部８０との接続の様子を示した図であり、図１〜図２１に示した部品と同一のものには同じ符号を付してある。図２２では、コネクタ部２００からケーブル１０１を外してあり、さらに、バンド１０３をコネクタ部２００側の端部から外した状態を示してある。
【０１３１】
図中、定置部８０は上述したパーソナルコンピュータの代わりに筐体４００に収納されている。この筐体４００にはコネクタピース４０１が形成されており、その構造は図１８に示すコネクタピース２３０と略同様である。これらコネクタピースの違いは、コネクタピース４０１ではケーブル１０１の接続が不要となることに起因するものであって、図１８に示す電極部２５１，端子２６１，孔２６６がコネクタピース４０１には設けられていない点だけが異なる。したがって、コネクタピース４０１の詳細な構造についてはその説明を省略する。
【０１３２】
また、コネクタ部２００とコネクタピース４０１の着脱方法は、上述したコネクタ部２００及びコネクタピース２３０に関するものと同じであって、上記ではコネクタピース２３０を把持してコネクタ部２００へ装着する形であったのが、ここでは、腕時計を把持してコネクタ部２００をコネクタピース４０１へ装着させることになる。
【０１３３】
〈変形例〉
なお、上記各実施形態では脈波から生体の状態を抽出することとしたが、脈波および生体の状態は何れも上述したものに限られるものではない。
また、上述したように、心拍数（脈拍数）と運動強度とは（１）式で記述される関係にあることから、運動の処方を実施するにあたっては心拍数の代わりに運動強度を用いるようにしても良い。
【０１３４】
また、運動の処方を行うにあたっては、必ずしも目標脈拍数，１回当たりの運動時間，運動の頻度の全てを用いる必要はなく、これらのうち１つ又は２つを組み合わせて用いるようにしても良い。
また、上記各実施形態では、図３に示す運動の目標値の標準値を年齢と性別から決定するようにしたが、これら以外に安静時の脈拍数などをも考慮して決めるようにしても良い。
【０１３５】
また、上記各実施形態では、使用者に対する様々な告知をメッセージ表示するようにしたが、音で告知するようにしても良い。例えば、本装置を腕時計と組み合わせるのであれば、腕時計に組み込まれている既存のアラーム機能を流用することができる。また、それ以外の携帯機器の場合であっても、スピーカなどを用いた音源を設ければ、アラーム音のみならず音声メッセージなどによる告知も実現することができる。
【０１３６】
こうした音による告知を行えば、視覚障害を持つ人であっても本装置を何らの支障もなく使用することができる。また、使用者が運動の最中においては、いちいち表示されたメッセージを見る必要がなくなるため、健常者にしてみても煩わしくなくて好ましいと言える。
また、運動の評価結果や使用者への指示内容に応じて、鳴らす音楽の種類を変えたり音のピッチを変えるなどして、使用者に違いがわかるような工夫をすることも考えられる。さらに、メッセージと音とを併用して告知するようにしても良い。
【０１３７】
また、聴力障害者のためには、メッセージや音の代わりに触覚へ訴えるようにしても良い。例えば、腕時計の裏面に振動板を取り付けてこの振動板を振動させるか、あるいは、腕時計全体を振動させる構造として、振動によって使用者へ告知することが考えられる。さらに、振動の強弱や振動時間に変化を持たせることによって、メッセージや音声と同様に様々な態様での告知が可能となる。
【０１３８】
また、上記各実施形態では、携帯部７０と定置部８０との間を通信ケーブルＣＢで接続することとしたが、これ以外にも、赤外線，近赤外線等を用いた光通信によるもの，電波を使用した無線通信によるものなどでも良い。この場合、定置部８０のディスプレイ装置１７に表示させている内容は全て携帯部７０の表示装置７上に表示させるようにする。このように、携帯部７０と定置部８０の間をワイヤレス化することで、ケーブルを接続するといった使用者の手間が大幅に軽減される。
【０１３９】
また、パソコン側にも脈波センサを設け、携帯部７０から定置部８０へ脈波波形のデータを転送することなく、パソコン側で加速度脈波を直接に計測するようにしても良い。
また、上記第１実施形態では、加速度脈波を用いることとしたが、これは加速度脈波が最も良く知られており、理解しやすいからに過ぎない。従って、本発明は、脈波の原波形，１次微分の波形，加速度脈波よりも高次の微分波形，の何れにも適用することができるのは勿論である。
【０１４０】
ここでは、その一例として、脈波の原波形を用いた場合について若干の説明を行うこととする。図２３は、典型的な脈波の原波形を示したものである。この図において、図２３（ａ）はいわゆる平脈と呼ばれているものであり、３つの峰を持つことを特徴とした三峰波である。ここで、同図におけるＰ１〜Ｐ５は脈波の変曲点（ピーク）である。一方、図２３（ｂ）はいわゆる滑脈と言われている脈波であり、２つの峰を持つことを特徴とした二峰波である。他方、図２３（ｃ）は弦脈と呼ばれている脈波である。
【０１４１】
これらの各脈波と使用者が行う運動との関連を調べてみると、一般に、運動前においては、図２３（ａ）に示す平脈が見られる。また、運動を行った場合であっても、その運動が軽すぎるような場合には、運動後においても平脈が観察される。一方、実施した運動が適度なものであれば、運動後においては図２３（ｂ）に示す滑脈が観察されるようになる。他方、実施した運動が過度なものであると、運動後においては図２３（ｃ）に示す弦脈の状態を呈することとなる。
このように、脈波の原波形を用いた場合には、運動後における脈波の波形が平脈，滑脈，弦脈の何れに分類されるかを判別することによって、使用者が行った運動を評価できることがわかる。
【０１４２】
ここで、測定された脈波から変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５を抽出して該脈波の特徴を捉えるには、例えば、本発明の発明者による特許出願（特願平５−１９７５６９号，ストレス評価装置および生理的年齢評価装置）に詳述された手法を用いることが可能である。そこで、以下にその概要を述べることとする。
【０１４３】
この手法によれば、脈波の各拍の波形について、次のような情報を採取して脈波の特徴を抽出するものである。すなわち、図２４に示すように、
１）脈波の各拍内に順次現れる変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５における脈圧ｙ_１〜ｙ_５
２）脈波が立ち上がる脈波開始時刻ｔ_０ を基準とした場合において、各変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５が出現するまでの経過時間Ｔ_１〜Ｔ_５と次の拍の脈波が立ち上がるまでの経過時間Ｔ_６
３）変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５の各々が極大であるか極小であるかの別
である。なお、図１のＲＯＭ１２には、平脈，滑脈，弦脈の各々に関する脈波の特徴である経過時間Ｔ_１ 〜Ｔ_６ ，脈圧ｙ_１〜ｙ_５，各変曲点の極大／極小の別などを、予め格納しておくようにする。
【０１４４】
また、この場合における運動の評価手法は大略次のようなものである。
まず、ＣＰＵ１１は、脈波の波形から所定のカットオフ周波数よりも低域の周波数成分だけを取り出して、得られた波形のデータをＲＡＭ１３へ格納する。次に、低周波数成分だけからなる脈波波形について、その時間微分を求める処理を施す。次いで、算出された時間微分値について所定期間内の移動平均を算出し、この算出結果を傾斜情報としてＲＡＭ１３へ格納する。この傾斜情報は、脈圧が上昇する傾向にあれば正の値をとり、下降する傾向にあれば負の値をとる。
【０１４５】
次に、ＣＰＵ１１は、上記の演算の結果を調べて、時間微分値として０が出力された場合には、これを変曲点として、この時点における波形の採取時刻及び脈圧（脈圧ｙ_１〜ｙ_５に相当する）を求めておく。
また、上記の傾斜情報を参照することにより、それぞれの変曲点が極大であるのか極小であるのかを決定する。すなわち、ある変曲点に対応して求めた傾斜情報が正であればこの変曲点は極大点であり、傾斜情報が負であればこの変曲点は極小点である。
さらに、ＣＰＵ１１は、変曲点が検出される度に、変曲点における脈圧と直前に検出された変曲点における脈圧との差分を求め、得られた差分データをストローク情報としてＲＡＭ１３へ格納する。
【０１４６】
そして、測定時間内のすべての脈波について以上の処理を行ったあとで、ＣＰＵ１１は、脈波を１拍毎に分離する処理を行う。まずＣＰＵ１１は、各変曲点に対応した傾斜情報とストローク情報をＲＡＭ１３から取り出し、取り出されたストローク情報の中から正の傾斜情報を有するものを選び出す。次いで、これらの中からストローク情報の大きなものを上位から所定個数だけ選択し、さらにその中から中央値に相当するものを選び、脈波の各拍における立ち上がり部分が決定される。これにより、この立ち上がりの開始時点を脈波開始時刻ｔ_０ として求めることができる。
【０１４７】
以上のようにして、変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５と、これら変曲点に対する極大／極小の別，各変曲点における脈圧ｙ_１〜ｙ_５が決定される。また、上述した各変曲点における波形採取時刻と脈波開始時刻ｔ_０ との差分を求めることにより、経過時間Ｔ_１ 〜Ｔ_５ が算出される。さらに、隣接する脈波の拍の間で、脈波開始時刻ｔ_０ の間の時刻の差を求めることにより、脈波の各拍に対して経過時間Ｔ_６ が得られる。
【０１４８】
そして、経過時間Ｔ_１〜Ｔ_５，脈圧ｙ_１ 〜ｙ_５ ，変曲点Ｐ１〜Ｐ５における極大／極小の別の各々につき、測定された脈波のものとＲＯＭ１２に格納されている既定の脈波のものとを比較すれば、測定された脈波に最も適合する脈波のタイプが、平脈，滑脈，弦脈の中から選択でき、脈波のタイプから使用者が行った運動を評価することができる。したがって、運動実施後の脈波波形として例えば弦脈が観察された場合は、運動の目標値を下げて以後の運動の処方を行うようにする。
【０１４９】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項１，２，３，５記載の発明によれば、運動の目標脈拍数を設定して使用者へ告知するとともに、使用者から得た身体の状態をもとに随時目標脈拍数を補正するようにしたので、その時々の使用者の体調や運動能力の改善具合に応じた運動の処方が可能となるとともに、専門の医師や医師から教育を受けた看護婦が付き添うことなく、体調の改善，健康維持を無理なく実践できるという効果が得られる。また、第１ないし第２の通信手段によって２つの機器の間で必要な情報を通信するようにしたので、高速な演算や多量のメモリーを要する処理などを、携帯機器の外部に設けた機器で実行でき、携帯機器の構成を簡易なものにできるという効果が得られる。
【０１５０】
また、請求項１記載の発明によれば、脈拍数の測定指示が与えられている間、測定された脈拍数が目標脈拍数を含む所定範囲内にあるように指導を行うので、過度に強い運動をしたり効果的でない運動を漫然と行うことなく、効率的な運動を無理なく行って健康状態の改善，維持を図ることができるという効果が得られる。
また、請求項４記載の発明によれば、隣接する脈波の時間間隔の変動のスペクトル分析から得られる低周波及び高周波のスペクトル成分の振幅比を指標としたので、運動の処方を行う上で、個人差のばらつきを排除できるという効果が得られる。
【０１５１】
また、請求項６又は７記載の発明によれば、加速度脈波に現れる複数のピークと複数のバレイの中から選択された２つのピーク或いはバレイの振幅比を、血液循環の状態を端的に表わす指標としたので、運動の処方を行うことができるという効果が得られる。
また、請求項８記載の発明によれば、実施した運動の運動量と加速度脈波から得られる振幅比とから運動を評価して新たな運動の目標脈拍数を補正するようにしたので、上記の振幅比から推定される使用者の状態が、実施した運動の運動量に依存するという特性をも考慮した精密な運動処方を行うことができるという効果が得られる。
【０１５２】
また、請求項９記載の発明によれば、センサー及び第２の通信手段のそれぞれを携帯機器へ取り付けるための接合部材を、携帯機器に設けたコネクタ部へ着脱自在に取り付け可能としたので、コネクタ部分をコンパクトに作製できるとともに、必要に応じてセンサーや第２の通信手段を携帯機器へ繋いで使用すれば良いという効果がある。
【０１５３】
また、請求項１０記載の発明によれば、所定期間にわたる運動を実施する度に再評価される運動能力をもとにして目標脈拍数の初期値を新たに設定するので、医師等の運動処方の専門家の指導の下に、使用者の運動能力の向上に見合った最適な運動処方を実現できるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施形態による運動支援装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２】最大酸素摂取量の目標値を表わす図である。
【図３】健康づくりのために必要な運動の所要量を表わす図である。
【図４】最大酸素摂取量の５０％に相当する運動強度でトレーニングを実施した場合に、トレーニング時間とともに最大酸素摂取量が推移してゆく様子を表わした図である。
【図５】使用者の体調に応じて運動の目標値を微調整する様子を表わした図である。
【図６】（ａ）は指尖容積脈波における加速度脈波の様々な態様を表わした図であり、（ｂ）は（ａ）の各パターンについて振幅比ｄ／ａ及び振幅比ｃ／ａの範囲を示した図である。
【図７】同装置の携帯部７０と定置部８０との機械的な接続状態を表わした図である。
【図８】同装置を腕時計と組み合わせた場合の図である。
【図９】同装置を腕時計と組み合わせた場合の他の態様における図である。
【図１０】同装置をネックレスと組み合わせた場合の図である。
【図１１】同装置を眼鏡と組み合わせた場合の図である。
【図１２】使用者が実施した運動の運動量と運動の前後において測定された振幅比ｄ／ａの変化率との関係を表わす図である。
【図１３】心電図とＲＲ間隔の関係を示す図である。
【図１４】心電図と脈波との関係を示す図である。
【図１５】（ａ）はＲＲ間隔変動と該変動を構成する周波数成分の関係を示す図である。また、（ｂ）はＲＲ間隔変動のスペクトル分析を行った結果を示した図である。
【図１６】図７〜図９に示す腕時計を拡大した上面図である。
【図１７】腕時計のコネクタ部２００の斜視図である。
【図１８】腕時計に装着するコネクタピース２３０の斜視図である。
【図１９】腕時計に装着するコネクタカバー２６０の斜視図である。
【図２０】腕時計に装着するコネクタカバー２８０の斜視図である。
【図２１】腕時計に装着するコネクタピース３００の斜視図である。
【図２２】携帯部７０と定置部８０を接続するための他の形態を示した図である。
【図２３】典型的な脈波の原波形を示す図であって、（ａ）は平脈，（ｂ）は滑脈，（ｃ）は弦脈である。
【図２４】脈波の１拍について、脈波の波形の特徴を説明するための図である。
【図２５】指尖容積脈波の波形を表わす図であって、（ａ）は測定された原波形，（ｂ）は速度脈波，（ｃ）は加速度脈波である。
【図２６】指尖容積脈波における加速度脈波の一波形分を取り出した図である。
【符号の説明】
１…プロセッサ、３…作業メモリ、４…脈波センサ、７…表示装置、８…表示制御回路、１０…時計回路、１１…ＣＰＵ、１３…ＲＡＭ、１７…ディスプレイ装置、１８…ディスプレイ制御回路、７０…携帯部、８０…定置部、ＣＢ…通信ケーブル[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an exercise support device that prescribes exercise that is considered appropriate for health promotion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the aging society progressing further, the health problems of middle-aged and elderly people, mainly adult diseases, have been taken up greatly, and various factors are cited as causes of these diseases. One of the causes has been found to be due to insufficient blood circulation. Insufficient blood circulation prevents tissues and cells from receiving the necessary supply of oxygen and nutrients. When such a state persists for a long period of time, an organic lesion is prepared in an organ or tissue, and when this progresses to a certain extent, symptoms suddenly appear.
[0003]
For this reason, various attempts have been made to judge the quality of blood circulation, which is the basis of the pathology, before the organic lesion progresses and to use it to prevent disease. For this reason, whether blood circulation is good or not has been previously focused on blood pressure, changes in electrocardiogram, blood cholesterol, neutral fat concentration, and the like as risk factors.
[0004]
However, in practice, stroke and heart failure often occur even when blood pressure is low. On the other hand, there are some elderly people who are still alive even with high blood pressure. Furthermore, even if there is a considerable organic change, it is often not found on an electrocardiogram or the like. Even in such a case, it is possible to discover with an inspection instrument if the organic change further progresses, but it will be lost later.
[0005]
In such a situation, in recent years, it has been found that the acceleration pulse wave is effective as an indication of the quality of blood circulation, and has been attracting attention. Therefore, first, an outline of the acceleration pulse wave, which is a measure of blood circulation, will be outlined. As is well known, the basis of blood circulation is how well blood extruded from the heart moves from arteries to tissues / organ capillaries to veins.
[0006]
On the other hand, the supply of oxygen and nutrients is performed in the capillaries, and the quality of blood circulation is related to the hemodynamics of the microvascular part, so the change in the blood content of the capillaries is a good guide for blood circulation. Conceivable. Because the slight difference between terminal arterial and venous blood pressure can cause subtle differences in nutrient supply and gas exchange in capillaries, so that in the long term the difference can be magnified, causing tissue and organs This is because it is considered that an organic lesion is generated.
[0007]
Therefore, as one of the methods for observing the temporal transition of the blood content of the capillaries, an inspection of the finger plethysmogram has become mainstream. However, the fingertip plethysmogram itself has a waveform with relatively little undulation, and it has been considered that it is difficult to interpret a subtle change in the waveform. In addition, it has been considered that there is a problem that a change relating to blood circulation is minute and is sensitive to a change in the environment of a living body.
[0008]
However, by taking the second derivative of the waveform of the fingertip plethysmogram and converting it into a changing acceleration waveform (ie, acceleration pulse waveform), the information relating to the blood circulation is expanded and extracted to change the state of the blood circulation. It can be displayed in an easy-to-understand form. FIG. 25A shows an example of an original waveform of the fingertip plethysmogram, and FIG. 25B shows a waveform of a velocity pulse wave which is one time derivative of the waveform of FIG. 25 (c) shows a waveform of an acceleration pulse wave which is a second derivative of the waveform of FIG. 25 (a).
[0009]
FIG. 26 shows an extracted waveform of a typical acceleration pulse wave. As shown in the figure, three peaks and two valleys exist in one waveform of the acceleration pulse wave. That is, the valley b is seen after the first peak a, followed by the peak c, the valley d, and the peak e, and the peak is substantially flat from the peak e to the peak a of the next waveform. However, except for the peak a, each point may not be a peak or a valley but merely a point of inflection.
[0010]
Here, the peak and valley amplitudes have the following meanings, respectively. First, a peak a is a signal indicating that blood sent from the heart reaches the capillary bed at the fingertip. Further, the valley b relates to the cardiac output, and if the output is large, it falls greatly.
[0011]
The peak c is related to venous return, and it can be said that it indicates whether or not the venules are appropriately contracted and the blood is not excessively pooled when viewed from the scale of blood circulation. If venous return is good, peak c may rise near or above the baseline. On the other hand, when the blood pool of the venules increases, the peak c does not rise and sometimes falls below the valley b.
On the other hand, the valley d is involved in the burden on the heart, and falls significantly as the burden on the heart increases. The peak e corresponds to the position of the bulge after contraction of the finger plethysmogram, but no specific meaning has been found.
[0012]
It is known that the trouble of blood circulation detected from such an acceleration pulse wave is improved by endurance training such as jogging. In addition, a temporary improvement effect can be seen even with only one training, and a more stable improvement effect can be recognized by performing continuous training. On the other hand, if training is interrupted, blood circulation will deteriorate again. Therefore, it can be said that the degree of such improvement in blood circulation can be known by analyzing the acceleration pulse wave.
[0013]
By the way, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-10234 (Title of Invention: Exercise amount measuring apparatus) is mentioned as a technique in which the acceleration pulse wave described above is applied to exercise. In this document, a subject is made to exercise by using a treadmill, a bicycle ergometer, or the like for health promotion, and the effect of the exercise performed on the subject is measured. For this purpose, information called a waveform representative value calculated from the acceleration pulse wave waveform is measured before and after the exercise, respectively, and the difference between these waveform representative values is displayed. Also, when the subject is exercising, the waveform representative value at each time point during the exercise is compared with a predetermined waveform representative value, and a difference between these waveform representative values is set to a value that becomes a critical load for the subject, for example. Exercise is stopped when it reaches.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, it is necessary to maintain good blood circulation for health promotion, and for that purpose, it is important to exercise moderately and maintain a good state for as long as possible. . However, there is a problem in using an apparatus such as that described in the above document.
[0015]
That is, it is known that it is extremely difficult to measure an accurate pulse waveform during exercise. Therefore, even if an attempt is made to control the exercise of the subject based on the acceleration pulse wave measured during the exercise, it does not work well, and as a result, the goal of performing an appropriate exercise cannot be achieved. Incidentally, an experiment conducted by the inventor using the configuration described in the above-mentioned document confirmed that the pulse wave could not be measured correctly. This is the same even when the exerciser is exercised on a treadmill, for example, in such a manner that the hand to which the sensor is attached is fixed.
[0016]
Further, in the above-described apparatus, since information extracted from the acceleration pulse wave is simply presented to the subject, it is necessary to be accompanied by a specialized doctor or a nurse trained by the doctor. However, every time a large number of patients exercise, a doctor or nurse evaluates the results and instructs the patients on the next exercise to be performed. It can be said that it is too much for the medical situation.
[0017]
That said, it is very inconvenient and inconvenient for the user of the apparatus to judge the quality of blood circulation without a specialist doctor or nurse. Also, there is no guarantee that even if exercise is performed without the attendance of doctors, exercise of the same quality as exercise that would have been instructed if a doctor was present can be reliably performed. There are various problems such as not getting out, or conversely, exercise being too strong and having an adverse effect.
[0018]
On the other hand, even if the patient is instructed to seek the guidance of a physician every two to three weeks, it may be difficult to go to the doctor and regular guidance may not be possible. As described above, there was a great doubt whether or not effective exercise guidance could be performed using a conventional device.
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exercise support device capable of prescribing exercise considered to be appropriate for health promotion in consideration of the physical condition of the user. Is provided by a simple configuration.
[0019]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a target of exercise performed by a user.Pulse rateTarget setting means for setting theIndicators that indicate physical conditionBased on the targetPulse rateDevice in which target correction means for correcting an error and first communication means are incorporatedBodyAnd the goalPulse rateNotification means for notifying the user ofPulse wave, and at least the pulse rate is determined from the detected pulse wave waveform data.Measuring means for measuring;Guidance means for instructing the user so that the measured pulse rate is within a predetermined range including the target pulse rate while the pulse rate measurement instruction is given from the user,A portable device in which the first communication means and a second communication means capable of two-way communication are incorporated, wherein the target is set by the first and second communication means.The pulse rateGiving and receiving,When a predetermined operation is performed after the end of the exercise, the second communication means sends the pulse wave waveform data detected by the measurement means to the first communication means, and the target correction means Calculating the index from the obtained pulse wave waveform data, and correcting the target pulse rate based on the calculated index.It is characterized by:
[0021]
Claims2The invention described in the claims1In the invention described in the above, the target setting means is configured to determine the target based on age and gender given by the user.Pulse rateIs characterized by determining an initial value ofYou.
[0022]
Claims3The invention described in the claims1In the invention described,indexIs characterized by being an amplitude value of a spectrum component obtained as a result of performing a spectrum analysis on a fluctuation of a time interval between adjacent pulse waves.
Claims4The invention described in the claims1In the invention described,indexIsindexIs a ratio of the amplitude value of the low-frequency spectrum component to the amplitude value of the high-frequency spectrum component obtained as a result of performing spectrum analysis on the fluctuation of the time interval between adjacent pulse waves.
[0023]
Claims5The invention described in the claims1In the invention described,indexIs characterized in that the fluctuation amount of the time interval between adjacent pulse waves exceeds the predetermined time.
Claims6The invention described in the claims1In the described invention,The main body of the device uses the transmitted pulse wave dataAcceleration pulse wave calculating means for calculating acceleration pulse waveIs further incorporated,SaidindexIs the amplitude ratio of two peaks or valleys selected from a plurality of peaks and a plurality of valleys appearing in the acceleration pulse wave.
[0024]
Claims7The invention described in the claims6In the invention described,indexIs an amplitude ratio obtained by dividing the amplitude value of the second valley appearing in the acceleration pulse wave by the amplitude value of the first peak.
Claims8The invention described in the claims6Or7The invention described in the above, further comprising: an exercise amount calculating unit that calculates an exercise amount for the exercise performed by the user, wherein the target correction unit changes a state of the user due to the exercise based on the exercise amount and the amplitude ratio. Is evaluated, and based on the result of the evaluation,Pulse rateIs corrected.
[0025]
Claims9The invention described in claims 1 to8In the invention according to any one of the above items,Detect the pulse waveA first joint member having a sensor and attaching the sensor to the portable device and a second joint member attaching the second communication means to the portable device are attached to and detached from a connector provided on the portable device. It is characterized by being freely attached.
Claims10The invention described in claims 1 to9In the invention according to any one of the above, based on the exercise ability of the user, which is re-evaluated every time exercise is performed over a predetermined period, the targetPulse rateIs characterized by having means for newly setting the initial value of.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First of all, what kind of exercise is preferable for health promotion is explained. From the viewpoint of health promotion, the higher the exercise intensity of the exercise to be performed, the better, and the longer the exercise time, the better. Excessive exercise can actually hurt your health.
[0027]
Based on these findings, studies have been conducted on exercises suitable for health promotion, and recently it has been found that an index called maximal oxygen uptake serves as a measure of health status and plays an important role in setting exercise intensity. Is coming. Maximal oxygen uptake is defined as the maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in one minute, and can be an absolute index for evaluating each individual's athletic ability. In practice, a value obtained by converting the value of the maximum oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight is generally used.
[0028]
From the viewpoint of health maintenance, it is recommended that the maximum oxygen intake be maintained at or above a predetermined maintenance target value. As such a target value, for example, a value determined on the basis of gender and age as shown in FIG. 2 is used (Source: Research on application method of exercise requirement and measurement of its effect and exercise suitable for health promotion) Research on time, exercise intensity, and exercise frequency, 1989, 2nd, and 3rd year Health and Welfare Research Grants No. 00209065, NO.002648486, NO.
[0029]
By the way, in order to safely acquire and maintain the maintenance target value, it is appropriate to use aerobic exercise, which generates energy while taking in oxygen by breathing during exercise. In order to maintain aerobic exercise, it is necessary to keep the exercise intensity below 70% of the maximum oxygen intake. Furthermore, although there are various views on the appropriate exercise intensity, the present inventor believes that it is desirable to set the exercise intensity to 50% of the maximum oxygen uptake of each individual.
[0030]
As described above, advantages of setting the exercise intensity to 50% of the maximum oxygen intake include the following points. First, it is not hard exercise at this level, and you have mental time during exercise. Second, it is more suitable for activating lipid metabolism than stronger exercise. Third, since the oxygen shortage of the heart is unlikely to occur, the degree of safety is high, and there is no danger that blood pressure will rise to a dangerous level. Fourth, since the muscles and joints of the legs are hardly damaged and the generation of lactic acid as a fatigue substance is small, the exercise can be continued for a long time.
[0031]
When the exercise intensity is 50% of the maximum oxygen intake, the target amount of exercise, that is, the desired amount of exercise required for health promotion is as shown in FIG. In the case of this figure, the target heart rate and the total exercise time to be performed per week are set for an average human whose heart rate at rest (静 pulse rate) is about 70 beats / minute. It is shown. For example, if the user exercises at a heart rate of 110 beats / minute for 140 minutes a week, the maximum oxygen uptake value is the target value for the 60s (see FIG. 2) of 37 [ml]. / Kg / min] (male) or 31 [ml / kg / min] (female). In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 3 that when the exercise intensity is fixed at 50% of the maximum oxygen intake, the attained level of the maximum oxygen intake is directly proportional to the exercise time per week.
[0032]
On the other hand, when focusing on the exercise time of each exercise, it is necessary to exercise continuously for at least 10 minutes or more in consideration of the time required for the body to react as aerobic exercise. In addition, the total exercise time per day is 20 minutes or more, and the frequency (the number of exercises) per week is preferably 3 times or more (more preferably, every day).
To summarize the above, it is desirable to exercise with moderate exercise intensity according to age and gender, and for the exercise time required per week, and as a result, the maximum oxygen intake is the desired target value. It is good to go up to.
[0033]
FIG. 4 shows changes in exercise intensity due to training performed under such criteria (the source is the above-mentioned literature on health promotion). FIG. 5A shows% Vo._2maxThe horizontal axis shows the training period and the vertical axis shows% Vo._2max/ Wt. Where Vo_2maxIs the maximum oxygen uptake,% Vo_2maxMeans the ratio of oxygen uptake at each exercise point to maximal oxygen uptake. Furthermore,% Vo_2max/ Wt is% Vo_2maxIs a value obtained by converting the value per weight (kg). FIG. 3B shows the maximum oxygen uptake per body weight Vo._2maxThe horizontal axis indicates the training period, and the vertical axis indicates the absolute exercise intensity. Here, the unit on the vertical axis is mets [metabolic equivalents], and is used as a unit for absolute evaluation of energy metabolism. The subject was a male, and was exercising for 180 minutes per week at an exercise intensity equivalent to 50% of the maximum oxygen uptake.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 11A, the exercise intensity is set to 50% in the 0th week, which is the start of training. Then, as the training is repeated with the exercise intensity corresponding to the exercise intensity, the exercise ability of the person is gradually improved, and therefore, as shown in FIG._2max/ Wt value increases. Therefore, for a trained person, the exercise becomes lighter, and the pulse rate during exercise and the like decreases. That is, the relative exercise intensity decreases as shown in the 0th to 10th weeks in FIG. 9A, and the value becomes about 40% at the 10th week.
[0035]
Therefore, in order to perform appropriate training according to the improvement of the athletic ability, at the stage of the 10th week, 50% of the new maximum oxygen intake corresponding to the improved athletic ability is reset to the exercise target value. . That is, the training intensity is reset to a higher exercise intensity as shown in FIG. Thereafter, in the same manner as above, every 10 weeks of training, the target value of the exercise is reset according to the improved exercise ability (maximum oxygen intake), and the training is performed with the new target value. Go on. Therefore,% Vo_2max/ Wt fluctuates zigzag every 10 weeks as shown in FIG._2max/ Wt increases as training progresses. However, since there is a limit in the athletic ability after all, at the 40th week in the figure,% Vo_2max/ Wt and Vo_2max/ W did not change after 30 weeks. Therefore, after that, the training is continued at the exercise intensity set in the 30th week.
[0036]
As described above, in the present invention, when viewed in the long term,
(1) Prescription of exercise target values
(2) Training for a predetermined period
(3) Evaluation of motor skills by training
(4) Setting new target values based on evaluation results
It consists of a series of cycles. Of these, regarding (3) and (4), discussions are held between the doctor and the patient or between the training athlete and the coach during each training (for example, every 10 weeks). The coach will re-evaluate the patient's or player's athletic ability and reset the target value.
[0037]
By the way, the exercise requirement as described above is a standard value based on an average person, and the exercise requirement for each individual is actually age, gender, degree of health, physiological condition, etc. Also depends on the situation. Based on these facts, the present invention evaluates the degree of the health condition of the human body using the state of the living body obtained from the acceleration pulse wave and the like, and adjusts the exercise target value in consideration of the evaluation result, thereby obtaining the individual It enables the prescription of exercise taking into account differences and physical condition, and provides appropriate exercise guidance for health promotion.
[0038]
That is, in the example of FIG. 4, training is basically performed for 10 weeks without the guidance of a doctor or a coach. During that period, a prescribed exercise target value is instructed. However, for the reasons just described, the target values of exercise time, exercise intensity, and frequency are finely adjusted in consideration of the physical condition of the patient and the athlete. For that reason, in the short term, the device according to the present invention
(1) Training according to prescription
(2) Evaluation of health condition by training
(3) Fine adjustment of the target value based on the evaluation result
(4) Prescription of target value after fine adjustment (notification)
Is performed within the above-mentioned 10 weeks, for example.
[0039]
For example, taking exercise time as an example, as shown in FIG. 5, the target value of the exercise time changes according to the physical condition and the like. The same applies to exercise intensity and frequency, which are factors other than exercise time. Further, this fine adjustment is performed not only every week or every day but also when training is performed several times in one day. For example, every 15 minutes or 20 minutes of training, They fine-tune the target values for exercise.
[0040]
<First embodiment>
First, the characteristics of the acceleration pulse wave waveform used in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 6A shows various types of acceleration pulse wave waveforms. When the blood circulation is good, the valley b falls greatly with respect to the peak a, the peak c rises to the vicinity of the base line, and a waveform with little decrease in the valley d ((1) or (2) in the figure) is seen. . On the other hand, when the blood circulation becomes insufficient, the burden on the heart increases, and the valley b and the valley d become approximately the same ((3) in the figure). Furthermore, when blood circulation deteriorates in earnest, a waveform in which the valley d becomes lower than the valley b (FIG. 4) and a waveform in which the peak c is at the same position as the valley b (FIG. 5) , The waveform of which peak c is lower than the valley b ([6] in the figure).
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 6 (b), as a criterion for determining which of the patterns (1) to (6) in FIG. 6 (a) the measured acceleration pulse wave belongs to, It is conceivable to use the ratio with the peak or valley amplitude.
First, when the amplitude ratio d / a between the valley d and the peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within 10%, the pattern is (1), if it is 10 to 35%, the pattern is (2), and 35 to 60%. If there is, it is classified into pattern (3), and if it is 60 to 100%, it is classified into patterns (4) to (6).
[0042]
On the other hand, when the amplitude ratio c / a between the peak c and the peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within -10%, the pattern is (1). If it is 10 to 15%, the pattern is (2), and within -15%. , The pattern is classified into pattern (3), 0 to 20%, pattern (4), 20 to 40%, pattern (5), and 40% or more, pattern (6). However, since the ranges of the patterns (2) to (4) overlap with each other, they are used for discriminating only the patterns (4) to (6) or in combination with the value of the amplitude ratio d / a.
Note that the amplitude ratio may be negative, which means that the peak c and the valley d are located above the base line.
[0043]
Here, when attention is paid to a certain user, it can be said that the health condition is better when the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave of the user is closer to the pattern (1), and conversely, the health is better when the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave is closer to the pattern (6). There is a tendency that the condition is bad. As described above, the user's health condition can be inferred by looking at the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave. For example, ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and angina) or cerebrovascular disorder (stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage) It is thought that it is also useful for the prediction of the occurrence of the disease.
[0044]
On the other hand, when examining the relationship between the user's age and the acceleration pulse wave, the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave tends to shift from pattern (1) to pattern (6) as the user ages. Therefore, if the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave measured from the user is extremely deviated toward the pattern (6) as compared with the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave estimated from the age of the person, the above-described case is also obtained. It can be inferred that it indicates a sign of a serious disease.
[0045]
Next, the configuration of the exercise support device according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the device, which is roughly divided into two blocks. The portable unit 70, which is the first block, is incorporated in a portable device such as a wristwatch. Before and after the exercise is performed, the acceleration pulse wave is measured in cooperation with the stationary unit 80 described below, and during the exercise. Measures the pulse rate and provides appropriate exercise guidance to the user.
[0046]
On the other hand, the stationary unit 80, which is the second block, is a so-called personal computer, and handles complicated processing such as pulse wave analysis and exercise prescription, which requires a large load to be processed by the portable unit 70. Then, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 7, the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 are connected by a detachable communication cable CB.
[0047]
More specifically, the roles of the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 are described in more detail. Before the exercise is performed, the acceleration pulse wave is measured while the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 are connected, and the user is asked to perform the measurement. The prescription relating to the exercise to be performed is performed on the stationary section 80 side. Next, during exercise, the stationary part 80 is disconnected, the pulse rate is measured only by the portable part 70, and guidance is given appropriately so as to faithfully perform the prescribed exercise. After the exercise, the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 are connected again to measure the acceleration pulse wave, and the data measured by the portable unit 70 during the exercise is transferred to the stationary unit 80 side. The stationary section 80 evaluates the health condition of the user based on the result, and adjusts the exercise prescription based on the evaluation result as necessary.
[0048]
Next, each circuit constituting the portable unit 70 will be described. In FIG. 1, a processor 1 is a central unit that controls each circuit inside the portable unit 70, and its function will be described in the operation section described later.
The ROM (read only memory) 2 stores a control program executed by the processor 1 and various control data.
The work memory 3 stores measurement data taken from the pulse wave sensor 4 described below, the time at which the measurement data was taken, the pulse rate calculated from the taken pulse wave, the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise, and the like.
[0049]
The pulse wave sensor 4 is an optical sensor mounted on a finger or the like of a user's hand. As an example of the structure of the pulse wave sensor 4, one configured from a light emitting diode and an optical sensor using a phototransistor or the like can be considered. Then, the light emitted from the light emitting diode is reflected through blood vessels such as the fingertips, is received by the optical sensor, and is photoelectrically converted. As a result, a pulse wave detection signal is obtained. In consideration of a signal-to-noise (SN) ratio, a blue light emitting diode is preferably used as the light emitting diode.
[0050]
The sensor interface 5 captures the output of the pulse wave sensor 4 at predetermined time intervals, converts an obtained analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal.
The operation unit 6 is used by the user to instruct the portable unit 70 to measure an acceleration pulse wave, to measure a pulse rate, and the like, and includes, for example, a button switch provided on a wristwatch.
The display device 7 is, for example, a liquid crystal display device provided in a wristwatch, and displays the measured pulse rate and the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise, as well as the contents of prescription for exercise to be performed. For this purpose, the display control circuit 8 receives the display information from the processor 1, converts the display information into a format suitable for the display device 7, and displays it on the display device 7.
[0051]
The external interface 9 is a circuit for exchanging data with the stationary unit 80 installed outside the portable unit 70. For example, when realizing the serial communication between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80, It comprises a conversion circuit for converting serial data and parallel data into and out of each other.
The clock circuit 10 has an ordinary clock function, and its output is used as the measurement time of the measured data. Further, the clock circuit 10 has a function of sending an interrupt signal to the processor 1 when the time reached by the processor 1 or when the time preset by the processor 1 has elapsed.
[0052]
Next, each circuit constituting the stationary unit 80 will be described. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) 11 is a central unit that controls each circuit inside the stationary unit 80, and its function will be described in the operation section described later. Incidentally, since the CPU 11 needs to execute various analysis processes in a short time as described later, a CPU 11 having a higher performance than the processor 1 provided in the portable unit 70 is employed.
[0053]
The ROM 12 stores a control program executed by the CPU 11, various control data, and the like, and also stores a target value serving as a standard for realizing a desired exercise as shown in FIGS. I have.
A RAM (random access memory) 13 provides a work area for the CPU 11, and stores various data and the like uploaded from the portable unit 70 over a predetermined period. Therefore, the RAM 13 is configured by a storage element having a larger capacity than the work memory 3 provided in the portable unit 70.
[0054]
The keyboard 16 is an input device for a user to input a command to the stationary unit 80.
The display device 17 is an output device capable of displaying a graphic, and displays various messages in addition to various measurement data measured by the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80. And, like the display control circuit 8, the display control circuit 18 is a controller for the display device 17.
[0055]
The external interface 19 is a circuit for exchanging data with the portable unit 70, and has the same circuit configuration as the external interface 9.
By the way, the manner of connection between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 is as shown in FIG. 7 mentioned above, and a connector (not shown) for connecting a communication cable CB to a personal computer constituting the stationary unit 80. ) Is provided. Although FIG. 7 illustrates the case of the wristwatch illustrated in FIG. 8 as the portable unit 70, the same applies to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11 described later.
[0056]
Several modes are conceivable when incorporating the portable unit 70 into a portable device. One example is shown below, but it is of course possible to combine with various other portable devices.
First, as a first mode, there is a mode in which the watch is combined with a wristwatch as shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the portable unit 70 in this embodiment includes a device main body 100 having a wristwatch structure, a cable 101 connected to the device main body 100, and a sensor unit 102 provided on the distal end side of the cable 101. ing. A wristband 103 that is wound around the user's arm from the 12 o'clock direction of the wristwatch and fixed at the 6 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is attached to the apparatus main body 100. The apparatus main body 100 is detachable from the user's arm by the wristband 103.
[0057]
The sensor unit 102 is shielded from light by the sensor fixing band 104, and is mounted between the base of the index finger of the user and the second finger joint. When the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger in this way, the cable 101 can be shortened, and the cable 101 does not hinder the user even during exercise. Also, when measuring the distribution of body temperature from the palm to the fingertip, it is known that when the ambient temperature is low, the temperature at the fingertip drops significantly, whereas the temperature at the base of the finger does not drop relatively. ing. Therefore, if the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger, the pulse rate and the like can be accurately measured even when exercising outdoors on a cold day.
[0058]
On the other hand, a connector section 105a and a connector section 105b are provided on the front side in the 6 o'clock direction of the wristwatch. The sensor unit 102 described above is connected to the connector unit 105a via the cable 101, while the connector unit 105b is connected to the stationary unit 80 via the communication cable CB. In addition, connector pieces 106a and 106b provided at ends of the cable 101 and the communication cable CB are detachably attached to the connector sections 105a and 105b, respectively, and the connector pieces 106a and 106b are connected to the connector sections 105a and 105b. By removing the portable unit 70 from the portable unit 70, the portable unit 70 can be used as a normal wristwatch or stopwatch.
[0059]
Further, for the purpose of protecting the connector portions 105a and 105b, a predetermined connector cover is attached when the cable 101 and the cable CB are detached from the connector portions 105a and 105b, respectively. As the connector cover, a component having the same configuration as the connector pieces 106a and 106b except for an electrode portion and the like is used.
[0060]
According to the connector structure configured as described above, the connector portions 105a and 105b are arranged on the near side as viewed from the user, and the operation is simplified for the user. In addition, since the connector portions 105a and 105b do not protrude from the apparatus main body 100 in the direction of 3 o'clock of the wristwatch, the user can freely move the wrist during exercise, and if the user falls down during exercise. However, the back of the user's hand does not hit the connector portions 105a and 105b.
[0061]
On the other hand, a liquid crystal display unit 108 for digitally displaying the pulse rate and the amount of exercise in addition to the date and time is provided on the surface of the resin watch case 107. Further, several button switches are provided on the outer peripheral portion and the surface portion of the watch case 107. Of these, the button switch 114 at 6 o'clock on the watch is pressed when the user starts / ends exercise, and in fact, this button switch starts / stops the measurement of the pulse rate. There is to tell. A button switch 117 located at 12 o'clock on the liquid crystal display unit 108 is a button switch for instructing the stationary unit 80 to measure the acceleration pulse wave from the portable unit 70.
[0062]
A button-shaped battery (not shown) built in the watch case 107 is provided as a power supply of the present apparatus. The cable 101 supplies power to the sensor unit 102 from the battery, and the sensor unit 102 Is transmitted to the apparatus main body 100 side.
[0063]
1 and FIG. 8, the processor 1, ROM 2, working memory 3, sensor interface 5, display control circuit 8, external interface 9, and clock circuit 10 of FIG. Built in. Further, the sensor unit 102 in FIG. 8 corresponds to the pulse wave sensor 4 in FIG. 1, the various button switches in FIG. 8 correspond to the operation unit 6 in FIG. 1, and the liquid crystal display unit 108 in FIG. 8 corresponds to the display device 7 in FIG. I do.
[0064]
In this embodiment, the pulse wave is measured at the base of the finger of the user's hand. However, the measurement site of the pulse wave is not limited to this. For example, the measurement of the pulse wave may be performed in the radial artery or in the periphery thereof.
Further, as a modification of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the sensor unit 102 and the sensor fixing band 104 are attached to the fingertip to measure the fingertip plethysmogram. Embodiments are possible.
[0065]
Next, as a second mode, a mode of combining with an accessory such as a necklace as shown in FIG. 10 can be considered. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
In this figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a sensor pad, for example, a sponge-like cushioning material. The pulse wave sensor 4 shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the sensor pad 31. When the necklace is put on the neck, this sensor can contact the skin on the back side of the neck to measure the pulse wave.
[0066]
1, a processor 1, a ROM 2, a working memory 3, a sensor interface 5, a display control circuit 8, an external interface 9, and a clock circuit 10 shown in FIG. 8 is provided with a connector (not shown) for connecting the communication cable CB, and a conductor corresponding to the cable 101 in FIG.
[0067]
Next, as a third mode, a combination with glasses as shown in FIG. 11 can be considered. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in FIG. 11, here, the main body of the apparatus is attached to the vine 41 of the glasses, and the main body is further divided into a case 42a and a case 42b, which are connected to each other via a lead wire embedded inside the vine 41. I have. Note that this lead wire may be crawled along the vine 41.
[0068]
In the case 42a, a liquid crystal panel 44 is attached to the entire surface of the side surface on the lens 43 side. Further, a mirror 45 is fixed to one end of the side surface at a predetermined angle. In addition, a drive circuit for a liquid crystal panel 44 including a light source (not shown) is incorporated in the case 42a. Is projected. Therefore, in this embodiment, it can be said that the lens 43 plays the role of the display device 7 in FIG.
[0069]
The case 42b incorporates the processor 1, the ROM 2, the working memory 3, the sensor interface 5, the display control circuit 8, the external interface 9, and the clock circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1, and a communication cable CB is connected to the bottom surface thereof. Connectors (not shown) are provided. Further, the pulse wave sensor 4 is built in the pads 46, 46, and is fixed to the ear by sandwiching the earlobe between these pads. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pulse wave in the earlobe is measured. Although not shown, various button switches as shown in FIG. 8 are also provided in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, and are used for input of age and gender.
[0070]
Next, the operation of the exercise support device having the above configuration will be described. Here, as shown in FIG. 7, a wristwatch of a type in which a sensor is attached to the base of a finger will be described.
First, when starting the exercise for health promotion, the user performs measurement of the acceleration pulse wave and the accompanying pulse wave analysis processing before starting the exercise in order to see the effect of the exercise to be performed.
[0071]
Then, the user connects the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 with the communication cable CB, confirms that the user is in a resting state that does not hinder the measurement of the pulse wave, and then presses the button switch 117 to start the measurement. Instruct. Thus, in addition to the measurement of the acceleration pulse wave, the following process is performed on the portable unit 70 side.
[0072]
First, the pulse wave waveform detected by the pulse wave sensor 4 is sent to the sensor interface 5 and converted into a digital signal. The processor 1 reads the pulse wave waveform from the sensor interface 5 for a predetermined time and sequentially reads the pulse wave waveform into the work memory 3. Store it.
Next, the pulse rate of the user at rest is measured. That is, the processor 1 divides the pulse wave waveform fetched into the working memory 3 into beat units, counts the number of beats, converts this count value into one minute, and uses the obtained value as the pulse rate at rest. It is stored in the memory 3.
[0073]
On the other hand, as will be described later, the prescription for exercise requires the age and gender of the user. Therefore, if the user's age and gender have not yet been set, the processor 1 causes the display device 7 to display a message prompting input of these values. In response to this, the user operates a button switch provided on the wristwatch to sequentially input the age and gender from the operation unit 6, and the processor 1 sequentially stores the input values in the working memory 3.
[0074]
Next, the processor 1 reads out the data of the pulse rate at rest, the age, the sex, and the measured pulse waveform from the working memory 3 via the external interface 9 and sends the data to the stationary section 80 side. Then, the CPU 11 sequentially stores the data sent via the external interface 19 in the RAM 13.
[0075]
Subsequently, the CPU 11 reads one pulse from the pulse wave waveform stored in the RAM 13 and takes two time derivatives of this waveform to obtain an acceleration pulse wave waveform as shown in FIG. Next, the CPU 11 determines an inflection point of the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave, determines a peak a, a valley b, a peak c, and a valley d, and determines an amplitude value at each inflection point. Note that these inflection points can be obtained by a general method such as taking the time derivative of the acceleration pulse wave. Also, the calculated waveform of the acceleration pulse wave and the data of the waveform of the velocity pulse wave obtained in the process of obtaining the acceleration pulse wave are sent to the display control circuit 18 and these waveforms are graphically displayed on the display device 17. You may do it.
[0076]
Next, the CPU 11 calculates values obtained by normalizing the amplitude values of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d with the amplitude values of the peak a, that is, the amplitude ratios b / a, c / a, and d / a, and sends them to the RAM 13. Store. Here, among these amplitude ratios, the amplitude ratio d / a is most useful as an index indicating the state of blood circulation. Therefore, hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described using only the amplitude ratio d / a in principle. Incidentally, as described later, it is more desirable to use the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a more strictly. However, in the following, only the amplitude ratio d / a is used as the simplest method. Let's take the case.
[0077]
Next, the CPU 11 determines which of the patterns (1) to (6) the acceleration pulse wave waveform belongs to based on the amplitude ratio d / a obtained as described above and the table shown in FIG. Is determined, and the type of the pattern is stored in the RAM 13 as an acceleration pulse waveform pattern. Further, the CPU 11 causes the display device 7 to display the type of the pattern in cooperation with the processor 1. However, even if only the type of the pattern is announced, it is difficult for the user to understand. Therefore, for example, when it is determined that the pattern is (3), an auxiliary message such as "healthy condition is beginning to be insufficient" is also sent to the portable unit 70 side, and the processor 1 displays this message on the display device. 7 is displayed.
[0078]
Next, the CPU 11 prescribes the exercise to be performed by the user, but initially uses the standard target value stored in the ROM 12 because the health condition of the user is unknown. That is, if the user is, for example, a 51-year-old man from the age and gender input by the user, 150 minutes is read as the total exercise time per week and 115 is read as the target heart rate. If the user's individual athletic ability such as maximum oxygen intake can be grasped, the setting of the initial target value itself is performed by an expert such as a doctor, and the set value is instructed to the user. Of course, it is good.
[0079]
Next, the CPU 11 determines the frequency of exercise and the exercise time per exercise from the target value of the total exercise time for one week. Here, for example, exercise is performed twice a day for five days a week. decide. Therefore, the exercise time is 15 minutes per exercise and 30 minutes per day, which satisfies the above-mentioned conditions. Further, the CPU 11 determines a range in which the pulse rate measured during the exercise can deviate from the target heart rate just determined, and calculates an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the pulse rate.
Next, the CPU 11 stores information such as the exercise time per exercise, the target heart rate and its upper and lower limits, and the frequency of exercise (5 days a week, twice a day) in the RAM 13, and then stores these values in the mobile phone. It is sent to the unit 70 side. As a result, the processor 1 stores the sent data in the working memory 3 sequentially.
[0080]
When all the above processes are completed, the CPU 11 notifies the portable unit 70 that all the pre-settings for performing the exercise have been completed, and the processor 1 displays a message to that effect on the display device 7. . In addition to this, the processor 1 determines that the exercise to be performed (that is, exercise twice a day for 5 days a week at a target heart rate 115 for 15 minutes per exercise). ) Is displayed on the display device 7.
Then, at this moment, the user removes the communication cable CB from the portable unit 70 and attaches the connector covers 106a and 106b to the connector units 105a and 105b. This allows the user to freely move from the installation location of the stationary unit 80 to another location.
[0081]
Thereafter, the user performs the instructed exercise. That is, the user presses the button switch 114 of the portable unit 70 to notify the device of the start of exercise. This button press is transmitted to the processor 1 by the operation unit 6. Then, the processor 1 reads the time from the clock circuit 10, stores the time in the work memory 3 as the exercise start time, and generates an interrupt when the target exercise time per one time instructed from the stationary unit 80 has elapsed. The setting is made to the clock circuit 10.
[0082]
Next, the user starts exercising, while the processor 1 sets the clock circuit 10 to interrupt at predetermined time intervals (for example, one minute intervals), while the user is exercising. Measures the pulse rate and the amount of exercise every minute and instructs the user on exercise. Hereinafter, these processes will be described in detail.
First, the processor 1 initializes a storage area provided on the working memory 3 to “0” in order to calculate the total amount of exercise during exercise. Next, every time an interrupt occurs, the processor 1 fetches a pulse wave from the sensor interface 5 into the working memory 3 for a predetermined time, and calculates a pulse rate in the same procedure as described above.
[0083]
Next, the processor 1 calculates the amount of exercise. Here, the amount of exercise is displayed in calories. Since the calorie is approximately calculated by “the product of the pulse rate and the exercise time”, the processor 1 calculates the pulse rate obtained according to the above procedure and the elapsed time from the last pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement. The momentum can be obtained by multiplying by. In calculating the amount of exercise, since the pulse rate immediately before and the pulse rate this time are usually different, an average of the pulse rate measured at the previous time and the pulse rate measured this time may be taken.
[0084]
Next, the processor 1 reads out the contents of the storage location of the total exercise amount stored on the work memory 3, adds the currently obtained exercise amount, and writes it back to the storage location as the total exercise amount from the start of exercise to the present time. Further, the processor 1 stores the pulse rate obtained as described above and the total exercise amount up to the present time together with the measurement time read from the clock circuit 10 in the working memory 3 and stores these values on the display device 7. Display.
[0085]
By the way, since the amount of exercise is also obtained by “product of exercise intensity and exercise time”, this may be used instead of the calories described above. That is, since the measured pulse rate and exercise intensity satisfy the well-known Carbone's equation shown below, the pulse rate at rest and the age stored in the working memory 3 and the pulse rate measured during exercise are used. Exercise intensity can be calculated, from which the amount of exercise can be determined.

[0086]
Next, the processor 1 checks whether the measured pulse rate does not deviate from the range determined by the upper and lower limits of the target heart rate. If the measured pulse rate is higher than the upper limit, the user is instructed on the display device 7 to reduce the exercise a little. On the other hand, if the measured pulse rate is lower than the lower limit, the exercise is slightly increased. Give instructions to increase strength.
[0087]
By displaying the pulse rate and the like on the display device 7 as described above, the user can adjust the exercise to be performed by himself / herself, and it is checked whether or not the exercise is performed at an appropriate pulse rate. Monitoring is performed so that moderate exercise intensity is achieved without exercising or ineffective exercise.
[0088]
Then, when the scheduled exercise time elapses and an interrupt is received from the clock circuit 10, the processor 1 instructs the user to end the exercise. As a result, the user immediately stops the exercise or stops the exercise at a good break, and presses the button switch 114 again to notify the portable unit 10 that the exercise has been completed. Accordingly, the processor 1 reads the current time from the clock circuit 10 and stores the current time in the work memory 3 as the exercise end time, and ends the above-described measurement of the pulse rate and the like and the instruction of the exercise.
[0089]
Next, in order to measure the acceleration pulse wave after exercise, the user connects the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 with the communication cable CB, and then presses the button switch 117. Then, the processor 1 sends the pulse rate at each measurement time point stored on the working memory 3 and the total amount of exercise from the exercise start time point, and the measurement time, exercise start time, and exercise end time to the stationary unit 80 in order. The CPU 11 writes the sent data to the RAM 13 one by one in synchronization with the above.
[0090]
Next, the CPU 11 checks the pulse rate measured during the exercise one by one to check the target heart rate and the degree of deviation from the upper and lower limits. Further, a net exercise time is obtained from the exercise start time and the exercise end time, and the degree of the deviation from the target exercise time is examined. If the degree of these deviations is remarkable, the user is informed that the exercise is not being performed as instructed, and the number of times that the measured pulse rate has deviated from the predetermined range. The measured time value and the target exercise time value are transferred to the portable unit 70 and displayed on the display device 7.
[0091]
Next, the CPU 11 measures the acceleration pulse wave after the exercise according to the same procedure as before the exercise. Then, the amplitude ratio d / a is calculated from the result and stored in the RAM 13, the type of the pattern of the amplitude ratio d / a measured after the exercise is determined and stored in the RAM 13, and the type of the pattern is displayed on the display device 7. To be displayed.
[0092]
Further, the CPU 11 compares the pattern before the exercise with the pattern after the exercise, and as a result, the pattern has changed to the (1) side and the state has been improved, or the pattern has not changed and the state has not changed. If it is maintained, a message such as “health condition is improving” or “health condition is maintained” is sent to the portable unit 70 side, and these messages are displayed on the display device 7. Display above. It is needless to say that the value of the amplitude ratio d / a may be directly compared instead of actually comparing the pattern types.
[0093]
On the other hand, if the pattern has changed to the (6) side and the state has deteriorated, it can be said that the exercise that has been performed with respect to the physical condition on that day was excessive. Therefore, the CPU 11 performs adjustment such that exercise becomes light for at least one or more of the previously set target heart rate, exercise frequency per week, and exercise time per exercise. .
[0094]
As the simplest method, it is conceivable to shift the age class by one step toward the older age on the target value table shown in FIG. As described above, for example, if the initial target value is in the 50s, the target value is changed to the 60s this time. In addition, if the target value is gradually lowered, if you are in the 60s, which is the highest age, give guidance to consult a doctor, etc., or the total target for one week thereafter. The time may be reduced by 10 minutes and the target heart rate may be reduced by 5 at a time.
[0095]
In addition, when raising the target value, the opposite is true, and the total target time for one week may be increased by 10 minutes and the target heart rate may be increased by 5 at a time. Incidentally, since the heart rate (pulse rate) and exercise intensity have a relationship defined by the equation (1), lowering the target heart rate is equivalent to reducing exercise intensity. Further, these adjustment methods are merely examples, and the target value can be adjusted in any manner by appropriately combining the above three elements.
[0096]
When the above processing is completed, based on the new target values for exercise, pre-exercise prescription, exercise guidance during exercise, and health / exercise contents after exercise, based on the new exercise target values. The evaluation process and the readjustment of the target value are repeatedly performed. At the stage where the above-mentioned training is performed, for example, for 10 weeks, an expert such as a doctor re-evaluates the user's own athletic ability, and sets a new initial value of the exercise target value based on the evaluation result. Will be set to
In this way, the user's health condition can be shifted to a good condition without difficulty by safe exercise prescription and exercise instruction.
[0097]
In this apparatus, the CPU 11 causes the display device 17 to display various data stored in the RAM 13 by inputting a display command from the keyboard 16. These data include the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise, the amplitude ratio d / a after exercise, the pulse rate at each measurement time point, the total amount of exercise from the exercise start time point, the net exercise time, and the time course of the pulse rate. There are indications, pulse waveforms measured before and after exercise, and the like.
[0098]
Further, as a method for evaluating the exercise performed by the user, the following method can be considered.
FIG. 12 shows an example of the relationship between the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise performed by the user and the rate of change in the amplitude ratio d / a before and after exercise. As shown in this figure, when the amount of exercise is small, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a is small, and a value of approximately less than + 5% is obtained (region "I" in FIG. 12). Next, when the momentum is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a gradually increases and exceeds + 5%, and thereafter, the rate of change starts decreasing at a certain point in time. The rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a becomes about + 5% again (region “II” in FIG. 12). Next, when the momentum is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further falls, falls below + 5%, and falls to about −10% (the region “III” in FIG. 12). As the amount of exercise is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further decreases and falls below -10% ("IV" region in FIG. 12).
[0099]
Therefore, the CPU 11 evaluates the exercise based on the relationship between the total amount of exercise and the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a from the exercise start time at each measurement time. For this purpose, the CPU 11 obtains a difference between the amplitude ratio d / a after exercise and the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise, and divides the difference by the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise to change the amplitude ratio d / a. Calculate the rate. Then, when the obtained rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a and the amount of exercise measured during exercise are plotted on the graph of FIG. 12, the plot is determined according to which of the areas I to IV this plot is located in. Make an evaluation.
[0100]
That is, if it exists in the area "I" of FIG. 12, it is evaluated that the exercise performed is too weak, and if it exists in the area "II" of FIG. 12, it is evaluated that the exercise was moderate. If it exists in the region of "III", it is evaluated that the exercise was slightly strong, and if it exists in the region of "IV" in FIG. 12, it is evaluated that the exercise was too strong. Then, based on the evaluation result, the CPU 11 adjusts the target value of the exercise to be performed next to perform the subsequent prescription.
[0101]
For example, when the evaluation result is the region I, the target value is shifted to the lower age side by one stage on the age class in FIG. Similarly, when the evaluation result is in the region III or IV, the target value is shifted to the elderly side by one stage on the age class in FIG. 3, or shifted to the elderly side by two stages. It is possible.
In addition, the CPU 11 indicates that, for each of the regions I, II, III, and IV, "the exercise is too light", "just exercise is good", "exercise is somewhat strong", "exercise is too strong". Is transmitted to the portable unit 70 side, and these messages are displayed on the display device 7 to notify the user of the evaluation result.
[0102]
As described above, the case where only the amplitude ratio d / a is used has been described above. However, by using an evaluation method that refers to the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a, higher accuracy can be achieved. The exercise can be evaluated. That is, for example, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 20%, it can be determined from FIG. 6B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (2). On the other hand, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 80%, it can be specified that the pattern belongs to any one of the patterns (4) to (6), so that which of these patterns is narrowed down. For this purpose, reference is further made to the value of the amplitude ratio c / a. Now, if the value of the amplitude ratio c / a is, for example, 30%, it can be determined from FIG. 6B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (5).
[0103]
<Second embodiment>
In recent years, information such as power spectrum obtained from heart rate variability has begun to be used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as heart disease, central nervous disease, peripheral nervous disease, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disorder, sudden death and the like. . For this reason, in the present embodiment, indices LF, HF, and RR50 are obtained from the analysis of the pulse wave fluctuation corresponding to the fluctuation of the heartbeat variability, and these indexes are used instead of the index obtained from the acceleration pulse wave. It is used as an index indicating the physical condition of the user. Therefore, the meaning of these indices will be described first.
[0104]
In the electrocardiogram, the time interval between the R wave of a certain heartbeat and the R wave of the next heartbeat is called an RR interval, and is a numerical value serving as an index of the autonomic nervous function in the human body. FIG. 13 illustrates heartbeats in an electrocardiogram and RR intervals obtained from waveforms of these heartbeats. As can be seen from the figure, it is known from the analysis of the measurement result of the electrocardiogram that the RR interval changes with time.
[0105]
On the other hand, a change in blood pressure measured in the radial artery or the like is defined as a change in each beat of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and corresponds to a change in RR interval in the electrocardiogram. FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the electrocardiogram and the blood pressure. As can be seen from this figure, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures for each beat are measured as the maximum value of the arterial pressure at each RR interval and the local minimum seen immediately before the maximum value.
[0106]
By performing a spectrum analysis of these heart rate fluctuations or blood pressure fluctuations, it can be seen that these fluctuations are composed of waves of a plurality of frequencies. These waves are classified into the following three types of fluctuation components.
-HF (High Frequency) component which is a fluctuation corresponding to respiration
-LF (Low Frequency) component fluctuating in a cycle of about 10 seconds
-Trend that fluctuates at a frequency lower than the measurement limit (Trend)
[0107]
In order to obtain these components, first, for each of the measured pulse waves, the RR interval between the adjacent pulse waves is obtained, and the obtained discrete value of the RR interval is determined by an appropriate method (for example, the third order). Interpolation is performed by spline interpolation (see FIG. 13). Then, by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing on the interpolated curve and performing spectrum analysis, the above-mentioned fluctuation component can be extracted as a peak on the frequency axis. FIG. 15A shows the waveform of the fluctuation of the RR interval of the measured pulse wave, and the waveform of each fluctuation component when the fluctuation waveform is decomposed into the three frequency components. FIG. 15B shows the result of spectrum analysis of the fluctuation waveform of the RR interval shown in FIG.
[0108]
As can be seen from this figure, peaks are observed at two frequencies near 0.07 Hz and 0.25 Hz. The former is the LF component and the latter is the HF component. Note that the trend component is below the measurement limit and cannot be read from the figure.
The LF component is related to the activity of the sympathetic nerve, and the greater the amplitude of the component, the more the tone tends to be. On the other hand, the HF component is related to the activity of the parasympathetic nerve, and the greater the amplitude of this component, the more the relaxation tends to occur.
[0109]
Since the amplitude values of the LF component and the HF component have individual differences, in consideration of this, “LF / HF” which is the amplitude ratio of the LF component and the HF component is useful for estimating the state of the human body. Then, from the characteristics of the LF component and the HF component described above, it is derived that the greater the value of “LF / HF”, the more nervous, and the smaller the value of “LF / HF”, the more relaxed.
[0110]
On the other hand, RR50 is defined as the number of absolute values of the RR interval of two consecutive heartbeats that have fluctuated by 50 milliseconds or more in a pulse wave measurement for a predetermined time (for example, one minute). It is known that the larger the value of RR50, the more calm the human body is, and the smaller the value of RR50, the more excited.
By the way, there is a correlation between the physical condition of the user and these indices.
[0111]
By performing the strengthening training to reduce the function of the parasympathetic nerve and bring it into a state of sympathetic nerve predominance, a situation similar to the physical condition of a patient having the above-mentioned disease can be created. Then, when observing the change of the above-mentioned index during the recovery period of the body after stopping the reinforcement training, for example, the HF component shows a tendency to increase with the passage of time, while the value of “LF / HF” Tend to decrease day by day.
[0112]
That is, as the body condition recovers, the value of the HF component or “LF / HF” increases or decreases from a value indicating a nervous state to a value indicating a relaxed state. Therefore, it is presumed that the quality of the human body can be determined by observing the increase or decrease of the value of each index, including not only the HF component and “LF / HF” but also the LF component and RR50. It is thought that it can be used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a.
[0113]
Next, the exercise support device according to the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, one of the above four indices is used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a in the first embodiment, and the device configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, hereinafter, the operation of the apparatus will be described focusing on the operation unique to the present embodiment.
In the first embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave waveform is classified into six patterns, but in the present embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave waveform is classified into several grades according to the values of these indices. Needless to say, the values of these indices themselves may be used without classifying in this way.
[0114]
Before the exercise, the user first connects the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80, confirms the resting state, and then presses the button switch 117. Thereby, the processor 1 captures the pulse wave for a predetermined time, calculates the pulse rate at rest from the pulse wave waveform, and if the age and gender have not been input yet, allows the user to input these values. The pulse waveform at the time, the pulse rate at rest, the age, and the sex are stored in the working memory 3 respectively. Next, the processor 1 and the CPU 11 cooperate to transfer these data from the working memory 3 to the RAM 13.
[0115]
Next, the CPU 11 enters a process of calculating the above four indices based on the transmitted pulse wave waveform. Hereinafter, this processing will be described in detail.
In order to extract the maximum point from the pulse wave waveform, the CPU 11 performs time differentiation on the pulse wave waveform stored on the RAM 13, obtains a time at which the time differential value is zero, and determines a time at which the waveform takes an extreme point. Ask all. Next, it is determined whether the extreme point at each time is a local maximum or a local minimum based on the slope (that is, the time differential value) of the waveform near the extreme point. For example, for a certain pole, a moving average of the slope of the waveform is calculated for a predetermined time before the pole. If the moving average is positive, it is understood that the pole is maximum, and if it is negative, it is minimum.
[0116]
Next, for each of the extracted maximum points, the CPU 11 finds the minimum point existing immediately before the maximum point. Then, the amplitude of the pulse wave at the maximum point and the minimum point is read out from the RAM 13 and the amplitude difference between them is obtained. Then, after performing the peak detection processing on all the captured pulse wave waveforms, a time interval between them (corresponding to an RR interval in a heartbeat) is calculated based on the time of two adjacent peaks.
[0117]
Here, since the value of the RR interval obtained above is discrete on the time axis, the interval between adjacent RR intervals is interpolated by an appropriate interpolation method to obtain a curve as shown in FIG. . Next, FFT processing is performed on the interpolated curve to obtain a spectrum as shown in FIG. Then, by applying the same maximum discrimination processing as that performed for the waveform of the pulse wave, the maximum value in this spectrum and the frequency corresponding to the maximum value are obtained, and the maximum value obtained in the low frequency region is obtained. The LF component and the local maximum value obtained at a high frequency are used as the HF components, and the amplitude of each component is obtained to calculate the amplitude ratio “LF / HF” between them. Further, the CPU 11 sequentially calculates the time difference between adjacent RR intervals based on the RR interval obtained as described above, and checks whether the time difference exceeds 50 milliseconds for each of them. Then, the number corresponding to this is counted as RR50.
[0118]
Next, the CPU 11 determines to which grade the index value obtained above belongs, stores it in the RAM 13 together with the index value, and further stores the type of the index and the index value in the display device 17. Display above. Next, the CPU 11 prepares for the exercise prescription to be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. That is, the exercise time, the target heart rate and its upper and lower limits, and the frequency of exercise per exercise are determined. These are stored in the RAM 13, and then these values are transferred to the work memory 3 in cooperation with the processor 1.
[0119]
When all of the above processes are completed, the CPU 11 transfers the fact that the pre-settings have been completed to the portable unit 70 together with the prescription contents, and displays them on the display device 7. Thus, after the user separates the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80, the user presses the button switch 114 to notify the apparatus of the start of exercise. The subsequent operation is in accordance with the first embodiment. That is, during the exercise, the processor 1 calculates the pulse rate and the total amount of exercise from the start of the exercise, writes these in the work memory 3 together with the measurement time, and causes the display device 7 to display them. Further, the processor 1 provides exercise guidance based on the measured pulse rate, target pulse rate, and upper and lower limits thereof.
[0120]
Thereafter, when the target exercise time elapses, the processor 1 instructs the user to end the exercise, and then, when the user presses the button switch 114, ends the measurement of the pulse rate and the like and the instruction of the exercise. Next, the user connects the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 and presses the button switch 117. Thus, the CPU 11 calculates the index in the same procedure as before the start of the exercise, obtains the grade corresponding to the index, and stores the value of the grade and the value of the index itself in the RAM 13. Further, the CPU 11 uploads data measured on the portable unit 70 side from the work memory 3 to the RAM 13 in cooperation with the processor 1. Further, the CPU 11 checks whether the pulse rate and the net exercise time measured during the fortune have not remarkably deviated from the target values, respectively, and if so, notifies the user.
[0121]
Next, the CPU 11 compares the index values before and after the exercise, and notifies the user whether the health condition of the user is improving, maintaining the current condition, or deteriorating. Here, as for the criterion for judging whether the condition has been improved or deteriorated, in the case of LF or “LF / HF”, it can be said that if the value has been decreased by exercising, it can be said that the condition has been improved, and it can be increased. It can be said that it has worsened. On the other hand, in the case of HF or RR50, if it decreases, it can be said that it has deteriorated, and if it has increased, it can be said that it has improved.
[0122]
If it is determined that the health condition is deteriorating, the CPU 11 adjusts the exercise prescription contents so that the exercise becomes lighter. Thereafter, in the same manner as above, the exercise prescription, instruction, and diagnosis cycles are repeatedly performed.
In the above description, any one of the four indices is used, but some of these indices may be comprehensively considered.
[0123]
<Other embodiments of the connector section>
In each of the above embodiments, the cable 101 and the cable CB can be independently attached to and detached from the connector portions 105a and 105b of the apparatus main body 100. However, the manner of attaching these cables is not limited to this. Hereinafter, other modes for connecting these cables to the connector portion of the wristwatch will be described. Incidentally, the structure of the connector portion described below is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-166551 (title of the invention; arm-mounted pulse wave measuring device and pulse wave information processing device) filed by the present applicants. It is an improved connector part.
[0124]
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the wristwatch shown in FIGS. 8 to 9 as viewed from above, and the same components as those shown in these drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. This figure shows a state in which cables are removed, and reference numeral 200 in the figure denotes a connector portion. On the other hand, FIG. 17 is an enlarged perspective view of the connector section 200. As illustrated, terminals 221 and 222 for electrically connecting the pulse wave sensor 4 and the communication cable CB in FIG. 1 to the portable unit 70 are provided on the upper surface 211 of the connector unit 200.
[0125]
Next, FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the connector piece 230 mounted on the connector section 200. A cable 101 is connected to the connector piece 230, and movable pins 247 to 248 for operating a circuit (not shown) for preventing the influence of static electricity when the cable 101 is connected are provided on a lower surface portion 231 of the connector piece 230. Electrode portions 251 and 252 electrically connected to the terminals 221 and 222 are formed. In addition, a terminal 261 for making an electrical connection with the connector piece 300 described later and holes 266 at four corners are formed on the upper surface portion 232 of the connector piece 230.
[0126]
In order to attach the connector piece 230 to the connector section 200, the connector piece 230 may be slid in the direction of arrow Q after pressing the connector piece 230 toward the connector section 200. The terminals 221 and 222 are electrically connected to the terminal 252. On the other hand, to remove the connector piece 230 from the connector section 200, the connector piece 230 may be slid in the direction of arrow R and then lifted.
[0127]
Next, FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of the connector cover 260. The connector cover 260 detaches the connector piece 230 from the connector section 200 and is attached to the connector section when used as a normal wristwatch. Holes 271 and 272 are formed in the lower surface 261 of the connector cover 260 at positions corresponding to the terminals 221 and 222 of the connector 200.
[0128]
On the other hand, when only the connector piece 230 is mounted on the connector section 200, a connector cover 280 shown in FIG. 20 is mounted to protect each terminal 261 provided on the connector piece 230. Pins 286 are provided at the four corners of the lower surface portion 281 of the connector piece 280, and these pins are pressed against the holes 266 of the connector piece 230, so that the connector cover 280 can be moved even during exercise. The connector piece 230 does not come off. Further, holes 291 are provided in the lower surface portion 281 of the connector cover 280, and these holes are fitted with the terminals 261 of the connector piece 230.
[0129]
Next, FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the connector piece 300. The connector piece 300 is used so as to be stacked on the connector piece 230, and a cable CB is connected as illustrated. Further, electrode portions 311 are provided on the lower surface portion 301 of the connector piece 300, and these electrode portions are electrically connected to terminals 261 provided on the connector piece 230. As can be seen from the description of the above embodiments, the connector piece 300 is mounted on the connector piece 230 only when it is necessary to connect the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80.
[0130]
<Another connection between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80>
Various types of connection between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 can be considered in addition to the modes described in the above embodiments. An example is shown below.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a state of connection between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80, and the same components as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 21 are denoted by the same reference numerals. FIG. 22 shows a state in which the cable 101 has been removed from the connector section 200 and the band 103 has been removed from the end on the connector section 200 side.
[0131]
In the figure, a stationary section 80 is housed in a housing 400 instead of the above-described personal computer. A connector piece 401 is formed in the housing 400, and its structure is substantially the same as that of the connector piece 230 shown in FIG. The difference between the connector pieces is that the connection of the cable 101 is unnecessary in the connector piece 401, and the connector section 401 is provided with the electrode portion 251, the terminal 261 and the hole 266 shown in FIG. The only difference is that there is nothing. Therefore, the description of the detailed structure of the connector piece 401 is omitted.
[0132]
The method of attaching and detaching the connector part 200 and the connector piece 401 is the same as that for the connector part 200 and the connector piece 230 described above. In the above description, the connector piece 230 is gripped and attached to the connector part 200. Here, however, the wristwatch is gripped and the connector section 200 is mounted on the connector piece 401.
[0133]
<Modified example>
In each of the above embodiments, the state of the living body is extracted from the pulse wave, but the pulse wave and the state of the living body are not limited to those described above.
Further, as described above, since the heart rate (pulse rate) and the exercise intensity are in a relationship described by equation (1), exercise intensity is used instead of heart rate when prescribing exercise. You may do it.
[0134]
Also, when prescribing an exercise, it is not always necessary to use all of the target pulse rate, exercise time per exercise, and exercise frequency, and one or two of these may be used in combination. .
Further, in each of the above embodiments, the standard value of the exercise target value shown in FIG. 3 is determined from the age and the gender. However, the standard value may be determined in consideration of the resting pulse rate and the like. good.
[0135]
Further, in each of the above embodiments, various notifications to the user are displayed as messages, but may be notified by sound. For example, if the present device is combined with a watch, the existing alarm function built into the watch can be used. Even in the case of other portable devices, if a sound source using a speaker or the like is provided, not only an alarm sound but also a notification by a voice message or the like can be realized.
[0136]
By making such a sound notification, even a person with visual impairment can use this apparatus without any trouble. In addition, since the user does not have to look at the displayed message during the exercise, it can be said that the user is not bothersome and preferable for healthy persons.
It is also conceivable that the user can recognize the difference by changing the type of music to be played or changing the pitch of the sound in accordance with the evaluation result of the exercise or the content of the instruction to the user. Further, the notification may be made using both the message and the sound.
[0137]
For the hearing impaired, a tactile sense may be used instead of a message or sound. For example, it is conceivable to attach a diaphragm to the back surface of the wristwatch and vibrate the diaphragm, or to notify the user by vibration as a structure for vibrating the entire wristwatch. Furthermore, by giving a change in vibration intensity and vibration time, it is possible to notify in various forms as in the case of messages and voices.
[0138]
In each of the above embodiments, the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 are connected by the communication cable CB. However, other than this, optical communication using infrared rays, near infrared rays, etc. The wireless communication used may be used. In this case, all the contents displayed on the display device 17 of the stationary unit 80 are displayed on the display device 7 of the portable unit 70. In this way, the wireless connection between the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80 greatly reduces the user's trouble of connecting cables.
[0139]
Also, a pulse wave sensor may be provided on the personal computer side, and the acceleration pulse wave may be directly measured on the personal computer side without transferring the pulse wave waveform data from the portable unit 70 to the stationary unit 80.
In the first embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave is used, but this is only because the acceleration pulse wave is best known and is easy to understand. Therefore, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to any of the original waveform of the pulse wave, the first derivative waveform, and the derivative waveform higher than the acceleration pulse wave.
[0140]
Here, as an example, a case where the original waveform of the pulse wave is used will be described briefly. FIG. 23 shows an original waveform of a typical pulse wave. In this figure, FIG. 23 (a) is what is called a so-called flat vein, and is a trimodal wave characterized by having three peaks. Here, P1 to P5 in the figure are inflection points (peaks) of the pulse wave. On the other hand, FIG. 23B shows a pulse wave called a so-called smooth pulse, which is a bimodal wave characterized by having two peaks. On the other hand, FIG. 23C shows a pulse wave called a chord vein.
[0141]
When examining the relationship between each of these pulse waves and the exercise performed by the user, generally, before exercise, a flat pulse shown in FIG. Even if exercise is performed, if the exercise is too light, a flat pulse is observed even after exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is moderate, the smooth vein shown in FIG. 23B will be observed after the exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is excessive, after exercise, the state of the chord vein shown in FIG. 23C is exhibited.
As described above, when the original waveform of the pulse wave is used, it is determined whether the waveform of the pulse wave after the exercise is classified into a flat vein, a smooth vein, or a chord vein. It can be seen that can be evaluated.
[0142]
Here, in order to extract the inflection points P1 to P5 from the measured pulse wave and to grasp the characteristics of the pulse wave, for example, a patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-197569, stress evaluation) by the inventor of the present invention may be used. Device and physiological age evaluation device). Therefore, the outline is described below.
[0143]
According to this method, the following information is collected from the waveform of each pulse of the pulse wave to extract the characteristics of the pulse wave. That is, as shown in FIG.
1) Pulse pressure y at inflection points P1 to P5 appearing sequentially in each beat of the pulse wave₁~ Y₅
2) The pulse wave start time t at which the pulse wave rises₀  , The elapsed time T until each inflection point P1 to P5 appears₁~ T₅And the elapsed time T until the pulse wave of the next beat rises₆
3) Whether each of the inflection points P1 to P5 is maximum or minimum
It is. The ROM 12 of FIG. 1 stores an elapsed time T which is a characteristic of a pulse wave for each of a normal pulse, a smooth pulse, and a pulse pulse.₁  ~ T₆  , Pulse pressure y₁~ Y₅, The maximum / minimum value of each inflection point is stored in advance.
[0144]
The exercise evaluation method in this case is roughly as follows.
First, the CPU 11 extracts only frequency components lower than a predetermined cutoff frequency from the pulse wave waveform and stores the obtained waveform data in the RAM 13. Next, a process of calculating a time derivative of a pulse wave waveform composed of only low frequency components is performed. Next, a moving average within a predetermined period is calculated for the calculated time differential value, and the calculation result is stored in the RAM 13 as inclination information. This inclination information takes a positive value if the pulse pressure tends to increase, and takes a negative value if the pulse pressure tends to decrease.
[0145]
Next, the CPU 11 checks the result of the above calculation, and when 0 is output as a time differential value, the CPU 11 sets this as an inflection point and sets the waveform collection time and pulse pressure (pulse pressure y₁~ Y₅(Equivalent to).
Also, by referring to the above-mentioned inclination information, it is determined whether each inflection point is a local maximum or a local minimum. That is, if the inclination information obtained for a certain inflection point is positive, the inflection point is a local maximum point, and if the inclination information is negative, the inflection point is a minimum point.
Further, each time an inflection point is detected, the CPU 11 obtains a difference between the pulse pressure at the inflection point and the pulse pressure at the inflection point detected immediately before, and sends the obtained difference data to the RAM 13 as stroke information. Store.
[0146]
Then, after performing the above processing for all the pulse waves within the measurement time, the CPU 11 performs processing for separating the pulse waves for each beat. First, the CPU 11 extracts the inclination information and the stroke information corresponding to each inflection point from the RAM 13, and selects one having the positive inclination information from the extracted stroke information. Next, a predetermined number of stroke information having a large stroke information is selected from the upper part, and an information corresponding to a median value is selected from the selected information, and the rising portion of each pulse of the pulse wave is determined. Thereby, the start time of the rising is set to the pulse wave start time t.₀  Can be sought.
[0147]
As described above, the inflection points P1 to P5, the maximum / minimum values for these inflection points, and the pulse pressure y at each inflection point₁~ Y₅Is determined. In addition, the waveform sampling time and the pulse wave start time t at each inflection point described above.₀  By calculating the difference from₁  ~ T₅  Is calculated. Further, between adjacent pulse wave beats, a pulse wave start time t₀  , The elapsed time T for each beat of the pulse wave₆  Is obtained.
[0148]
And the elapsed time T₁~ T₅, Pulse pressure y₁  ~ Y₅  For each of the maximum / minimum at the inflection points P1 to P5, comparing the measured pulse wave with the predetermined pulse wave stored in the ROM 12, A suitable pulse wave type can be selected from among a normal pulse, a smooth pulse, and a pulse pulse, and the exercise performed by the user can be evaluated based on the pulse wave type. Therefore, if, for example, a string pulse is observed as a pulse waveform after exercise, the target value of exercise is lowered to prescribe subsequent exercise.
[0149]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, claims 1, 2, 23According to the invention described in paragraphs 5 and 5, the target of exercise isPulse rateTo notify the user and obtain from the userbodyAt any time based on the status ofPulse rateAs it was made to correct, it is possible to prescribe exercise in accordance with the improvement of the physical condition and exercise ability of the user at that time, without attending by a specialist doctor or a nurse trained by a doctor, The effect is that physical condition improvement and health maintenance can be practiced without difficulty. In addition, since necessary information is communicated between the two devices by the first and second communication means, high-speed computation and processing requiring a large amount of memory can be performed by a device provided outside the portable device. It can be executed, and the effect that the configuration of the portable device can be simplified can be obtained.
[0150]
Claims1According to the described invention, while the pulse rate measurement instruction is given, the measured pulse rate isPulse rateSince the instruction is provided within the prescribed range including the above, without excessively exercising or ineffective exercise indiscriminately, efficient exercise can be performed without difficulty and the health condition can be improved and maintained. The effect that can be obtained is obtained.
Claims4According to the described invention, the amplitude ratio of the low-frequency and high-frequency spectral components obtained from the spectral analysis of the variation of the time interval between adjacent pulse waves is calculated.indexTherefore, when prescribing exercise, individual differencesofThe effect of eliminating variations can be obtained.
[0151]
Claims6Or7According to the described invention, the amplitude ratio of two peaks or valleys selected from a plurality of peaks appearing in the acceleration pulse wave and a plurality of valleys is calculated., An index that expresses the state of blood circulationAs a result, the effect that exercise prescription can be performed is obtained.
Claims8According to the described invention, the exercise is evaluated from the momentum of the exercise performed and the amplitude ratio obtained from the acceleration pulse wave, and the target of the new exercise is evaluated.Pulse rateIs corrected, it is possible to obtain an effect that a precise exercise prescription can be performed in consideration of the characteristic that the state of the user estimated from the above-described amplitude ratio depends on the amount of exercise performed. .
[0152]
Claims9According to the described invention, the joining member for attaching each of the sensor and the second communication means to the portable device can be detachably attached to the connector portion provided on the portable device, so that the connector portion is made compact. In addition to this, there is an effect that the sensor and the second communication means may be connected to the portable device and used as needed.
[0153]
Claims10According to the described invention, the target is determined based on the athletic ability that is re-evaluated every time the exercise is performed for a predetermined period.Pulse rateIs newly set, so that under the guidance of an expert in exercise prescription such as a doctor, it is possible to obtain an effect that an optimal exercise prescription suitable for improving the exercise ability of the user can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an exercise support device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a target value of a maximum oxygen intake.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a required amount of exercise necessary for health promotion.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the maximum oxygen intake changes with the training time when training is performed at an exercise intensity equivalent to 50% of the maximum oxygen intake.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which a target value of exercise is finely adjusted according to a physical condition of a user.
6A is a diagram showing various modes of an acceleration pulse wave in a fingertip plethysmogram, and FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an amplitude ratio d / a and an amplitude ratio c / a for each pattern of FIG. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a mechanical connection state between a portable unit 70 and a stationary unit 80 of the apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a diagram when the device is combined with a wristwatch.
FIG. 9 is a view in another mode when the same device is combined with a wristwatch.
FIG. 10 is a view when the same device is combined with a necklace.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a case where the device is combined with eyeglasses.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between the amount of exercise performed by the user and the rate of change in the amplitude ratio d / a measured before and after the exercise.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a relationship between an electrocardiogram and an RR interval.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a relationship between an electrocardiogram and a pulse wave.
FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between RR interval fluctuation and frequency components constituting the fluctuation. (B) is a diagram showing a result of a spectrum analysis of RR interval fluctuation.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged top view of the wristwatch shown in FIGS. 7 to 9;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a connector section 200 of the wristwatch.
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a connector piece 230 mounted on a wristwatch.
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a connector cover 260 attached to a wristwatch.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a connector cover 280 attached to a wristwatch.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a connector piece 300 mounted on a wristwatch.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another mode for connecting the portable unit 70 and the stationary unit 80.
23A and 23B are diagrams showing a typical original waveform of a typical pulse wave, wherein FIG. 23A shows a flat pulse, FIG. 23B shows a smooth pulse, and FIG.
FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the characteristics of the pulse wave waveform for one pulse of the pulse wave.
25A and 25B are diagrams showing the waveform of a fingertip plethysmogram, where FIG. 25A shows a measured original waveform, FIG. 25B shows a velocity pulse wave, and FIG. 25C shows an acceleration pulse wave.
FIG. 26 is a diagram in which one waveform of the acceleration pulse wave in the fingertip plethysmogram is extracted.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Processor, 3 ... Working memory, 4 ... Pulse wave sensor, 7 ... Display device, 8 ... Display control circuit, 10 ... Clock circuit, 11 ... CPU, 13 ... RAM, 17 ... Display device, 18 ... Display control circuit, 70: Portable unit, 80: Stationary unit, CB: Communication cable

Claims (10)

Target setting means for setting a target pulse rate of exercise performed by the user,
Target correction means for correcting the target pulse rate based on an index indicating the physical condition of the user,
A device body in which the first communication means is incorporated;
Notification means for notifying the user of the target pulse rate ,
Measuring means for detecting a pulse wave of the user and measuring at least a pulse rate from waveform data of the detected pulse wave ,
Guidance means for instructing the user so that the measured pulse rate is within a predetermined range including the target pulse rate while the pulse rate measurement instruction is given from the user,
A portable device in which the first communication means and a second communication means capable of two-way communication are incorporated, wherein the target pulse rate is transmitted and received by the first and second communication means;
When a predetermined operation is performed after the end of the exercise,
The second communication means sends the pulse wave waveform data detected by the measurement means to the first communication means,
The exercise support device , wherein the target correction means calculates the index from the transmitted pulse wave waveform data, and corrects the target pulse rate based on the calculated index . The target setting means, exercise support apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining the initial number of the target pulse based on age and gender given from the user. The index is, the exercise support apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an amplitude value of the spectral components obtained as a result of the spectral analysis on the variation of the time interval between adjacent pulse waves. The index is a ratio of an amplitude value of a low-frequency spectral component to an amplitude value of a high-frequency spectral component obtained as a result of performing a spectrum analysis on a change in a time interval of an adjacent pulse wave. Item 7. The exercise support device according to Item 1 . The index is, the exercise support apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amount of variation in the time interval between adjacent pulse waves is the number exceeds a predetermined time. The apparatus body further incorporates an acceleration pulse wave calculating means for calculating an acceleration pulse wave from the transmitted pulse wave data ,
The index is, the exercise support apparatus of claim 1, wherein the are two peaks or valley amplitude ratio of which is selected from among a plurality of peaks and a plurality of valley appearing in the acceleration pulse wave. The exercise support device according to claim 6 , wherein the index is an amplitude ratio obtained by dividing an amplitude value of a second valley appearing in the acceleration pulse wave by an amplitude value of a first peak. Having exercise amount calculation means for calculating the amount of exercise for the exercise performed by the user,
The target correction unit evaluates a change in state of the user due to the exercise based on the exercise amount and the amplitude ratio, and corrects the target pulse rate based on the evaluation result. exercise support apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein. The measurement unit has a sensor that detects the pulse wave, a first joining member that attaches the sensor to the portable device and a second joining member that attaches the second communication unit to the portable device, The exercise support device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the exercise support device is detachably attached to a connector unit provided in the portable device. Based on the user's exercise capacity is re-evaluated each time to implement motion over a predetermined period, any of the claims 1, characterized in that it comprises means for setting a new initial value of the target pulse rate 9 The exercise support device according to any of the above items.

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