JP2004121864A - Health condition managing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a health condition managing device which solves problems of a trouble and inconvenience requiring a user to discriminate a health condition by him-/her-self without an attending specialist doctor or nurse and difficulty of performing exercise suitable for training or rehabilitation aiming at health keeping. <P>SOLUTION: The finger tip volume pulse wave of a user is measured and an acceleration sensor 5 calculates an acceleration speed value from body motion of the user. Those outputs are converted into digital signals by a sensor interface 6. A CPU 1 decides whether or not a user is in exercise on the basis of the acceleration value. From the result, the CPU 1 takes in pulse waves before and after the exercise to acquire an acceleration speed pulse wave. The ratio of amplitudes at inflection points included in the waveforms of the acceleration pulse waves is calculated and the exercise of the user is evaluated from the amplitude before and after the exercise is evaluated and the result is shown in a display 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

The present invention relates to a health condition management device that monitors the health condition of a user based on information obtained from the state of blood circulation and provides appropriate advice and guidance to the user.

In recent years, the aging society has progressed further, and the health problems of middle-aged and elderly people, especially adult diseases, have been widely taken up. Various causes have been cited as the causes of these diseases. One of the causes has been found to be due to insufficient blood circulation. Insufficient blood circulation prevents tissues and cells from receiving the necessary supply of oxygen and nutrients. When such a state persists for a long period of time, an organic lesion is prepared in an organ or tissue, and when this progresses to a certain extent, symptoms suddenly appear.

Therefore, various attempts have been made to determine whether the underlying blood circulation is good or not and to use it to prevent disease before the organic lesion progresses. For this reason, whether blood circulation is good or not has been previously focused on blood pressure, changes in electrocardiogram, blood cholesterol, neutral fat concentration, and the like as risk factors.

However, in practice, stroke and heart failure often occur even if blood pressure is low. On the other hand, there are some elderly people who have high blood pressure and are still alive. Furthermore, even if there is a considerable organic change, it is often not found on an electrocardiogram or the like. Even in such a case, it is possible to discover with an inspection instrument if the organic change further progresses, but it will be lost later.

In recent years, attention has been paid to the fact that acceleration pulse waves have been found to be effective as indicators of blood circulation in recent years. Therefore, first, an outline of the acceleration pulse wave, which is a measure of blood circulation, will be outlined. As is well known, the basis of blood circulation is how well blood extruded from the heart moves from arteries to tissues / organ capillaries to veins.

On the other hand, the supply of oxygen and nutrients is performed in capillaries, and the quality of blood circulation is related to the hemodynamics of the microvascular part, so the transition of blood content in capillaries is a good guide for blood circulation. Conceivable. Because the slight difference between the terminal arterial blood pressure and the venous blood pressure can cause subtle differences in nutrient supply and gas exchange in the capillaries, so that in the long term the differences are magnified, causing tissue and organ This is because it is considered that an organic lesion is generated.

Therefore, as one of the methods for observing the temporal transition of the blood content of the capillaries, the inspection of the finger plethysmogram has become the mainstream. However, the fingertip plethysmogram itself has a waveform with relatively little undulation, and it has been considered that it is difficult to interpret a subtle change in the waveform. In addition, it has been considered that there is a problem that a change relating to blood circulation is minute and is sensitive to a change in the environment of a living body.

However, by taking the second derivative of the waveform of the fingertip plethysmogram and converting it into a changing acceleration waveform (ie, acceleration pulse waveform), the information relating to the blood circulation is expanded and extracted to change the state of the blood circulation. It can be displayed in an easy-to-understand form. FIG. 14A shows an example of an original waveform of the fingertip plethysmogram. FIG. 14B shows a waveform of a velocity pulse wave which is one time derivative of the waveform of FIG. ) Shows the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave which is the second derivative of the waveform of FIG.

FIG. 15 shows an extracted waveform of a typical acceleration pulse wave. As shown in the figure, three peaks and two valleys exist in one waveform of the acceleration pulse wave. That is, the valley b is seen after the first peak a, followed by the peak c, the valley d, and the peak e, and the peak is substantially flat from the peak e to the peak a of the next waveform. However, except for the peak a, each point may not be a peak or a valley but merely a point of inflection.

Here, the peak and valley amplitudes have the following meanings, respectively. First, a peak a is a signal indicating that blood sent from the heart reaches the capillary bed at the fingertip. Further, the valley b relates to the cardiac output, and if the output is large, it falls greatly.

ピ ー ク Also, peak c is related to venous return and, when viewed from a measure of blood circulation, can be said to indicate whether the venules have contracted appropriately and are not pooling blood excessively. If venous return is good, peak c may rise near or above the baseline. On the other hand, when the blood pool of the venules increases, the peak c does not rise and sometimes falls below the valley b. On the other hand, the valley d is involved in the burden on the heart, and falls significantly as the burden on the heart increases. The peak e corresponds to the position of the bulge after contraction of the finger plethysmogram, but no specific meaning has been found.

不 具 合 It is known that the trouble of blood circulation detected from such an acceleration pulse wave is improved by endurance training such as jogging. In addition, a temporary improvement effect can be seen even with only one training, and a more stable improvement effect can be recognized by performing continuous training. On the other hand, if training is interrupted, blood circulation will deteriorate again. Therefore, it can be said that the degree of such improvement in blood circulation can be known by analyzing the acceleration pulse wave.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-93036 discloses an invention that attempts to determine the blood circulation of a subject by analyzing the acceleration pulse wave of the subject. A pulse wave may be observed at a fingertip, an earlobe, or other various parts. In this document, a fingertip plethysmogram is measured. This is because the fingertip is the place where the capillaries are most developed and the blood content is high in capturing the blood transfer from the artery to the vein, and the pulse wave because the fingertip is always exposed. This is because it is possible to freely approach the measuring device, and the structure of the measuring device can be simplified.

Next, FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the acceleration sphygmograph according to the invention described in the above document. This device is configured by cascade-connecting a fingertip pulse wave pickup 200, a preamplifier 201, an operational amplifier 202, a feature extracting circuit 203 having two stages of analog differentiating circuits by a CR circuit, and an oscillograph 204. The fingertip pulse wave pickup 200 includes an opening 206 for inserting a subject's finger 205, a light source 207, and a photoelectric element 208.

{Circle around (3)} On the oscillograph 204, three types of graphs of a pulse wave waveform, a first derivative waveform of the pulse wave calculated by the feature extraction circuit 203, and a second derivative waveform of the pulse wave are drawn. Therefore, it is possible to determine the quality of blood circulation of the subject based on the acceleration pulse wave displayed on the oscillograph 204.

First, as a first determination method, the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave is classified into three types of valley b> valley d, valley b ≒ valley d, and valley b <valley d based on the depth of the valley b and the valley d. I do. Further, the patterns categorized by the depths of the valleys b and d are further classified into three types according to the height of the peak c with respect to the base line. Then, it is to determine which of these patterns the waveform of the measured acceleration pulse wave is closest to.

As a second determination method, attention is paid to the height of the peak c with respect to the base line and the depth of the peak d with respect to the base line. Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the depth of the valley b is divided into four equal parts, for example, and the divided areas are represented as 0, 1,. Further, from the positions where the height of the peak c and the depth of the peak d exist, how many points each corresponds to is determined, and the quality of the blood circulation of the subject is quantified to make a determination.

In this document, as an application example, 1) Instead of a CR circuit, a measured value of a pulse wave is digitized by an A / D (analog / digital) converter, and processed digitally by a microcomputer to perform acceleration. A pulse wave is calculated. 2) A waveform of an acceleration pulse wave is differentiated only once to obtain a third-order differential waveform, and a valley or a peak position is obtained by a microcomputer. 3) In order to correct the fluctuation of the time interval of the pulse wave due to the respiratory action, a statistical process such as taking an arithmetic average of a corresponding peak or valley is performed on a plurality of repeated waveforms of the pulse wave. And so on.

On the other hand, as an invention which has developed the above technology, there is a technology described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-55035. Therefore, the configuration of the acceleration pulse wave meter according to this document is shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the pulse wave detecting section 300 includes a photodetector including a lamp 301 and a photoelectric element 302 provided opposite to each other in a concave portion into which a fingertip is inserted. Form a bridge circuit with the resistors 303 to 306. The output of the bridge circuit is amplified by the differential amplifier 307, and the brightness of the lamp 301 is adjusted by the switch S so that the bridge circuit is balanced. Note that the symbol V is a power supply voltage.

出力 The output of the differential amplifier 307 is further amplified by the amplifier 308. The amplified output is shaped into a rectangular wave by the waveform shaping circuit 309 clipping a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined reference voltage. Further, this output is differentiated by a differentiating circuit 310, and a negative-direction differentiated pulse is generated by a rectifying circuit 311 to trigger a one-shot multi 312. Then, a rectangular wave having a time width T0 is obtained at the output of the one-shot multi 312.

(4) The gate circuit 313 allows the output of the differential amplifier 307 to pass during the time period T0 described above. The output signal of the gate circuit 313 is passed through differentiating circuits 314 and 315, so that a second differential output of the pulse wave signal is obtained at the output of the differentiating circuit 315. Further, the waveform shaping circuit 316 generates a sampling pulse at its output when the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d appear. The sampling circuit 317 samples the output of the differentiating circuit 315 that has passed through the delay circuit 318 according to the sampling pulse, and stores it in the sequential storage circuit 319. Further, the maximum value detection circuit 320 reads out the contents of the sequential storage circuit 319 and stores the maximum value among the amplitudes of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d. Then, the output of the maximum value detection circuit 320 is divided by the voltage dividing circuit 321 to output the divided voltages.

(4) Further, the control circuit 322 sequentially outputs the voltages of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d, which are the outputs of the sequential storage circuit 319. This output is input to a pulse height analyzer 323. The pulse height analyzer 323 uses the output value of the voltage dividing circuit 321 as a comparison voltage, and based on the voltages of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d, these voltages are used. (For example, ratios c / b, d / b and ratios b / a, c / a, d / a, etc.) are output to the output terminal OP.

{Circle around (5)} The output waveform at the output terminal OP is determined by a microcomputer or the like to which of the waveform patterns of the acceleration pulse wave that are categorized in advance, and the result is displayed. In this determination, first, it is determined which of the divided bands divided by the voltage dividing circuit 321 the size of the standardized valley b, peak c, and valley d. Then, the measured pulse wave is calculated from the magnitude relation of each of the partial pressure zones to which each of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d belongs, and the vertical relation of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d. Of the blood circulation is determined.

As described above, it is necessary to maintain good blood circulation for health promotion, and for that purpose, it is important to exercise moderately and maintain a good state for as long as possible. . However, in the conventional accelerometer, the information extracted from the accelerometer was simply presented to the subject, so a specialist doctor or a nurse trained by the doctor had to be accompanied. . However, every time a large number of patients exercise, a doctor or nurse evaluates the results and instructs the patients on the next exercise to be performed. It can be said that it is too much for the medical situation.

However, it is very inconvenient and inconvenient for a user of the apparatus to judge the quality of blood circulation without a specialist doctor or nurse. In addition, there is no guarantee that even if exercise is performed without the attendance of doctors, exercise of the same quality as exercise that would have been instructed if a doctor was present can be reliably performed. Therefore, when interval training, rehabilitation, etc. are performed, various problems occur, such as exercise being too weak to produce an effect, and conversely, exercise being too strong to have an adverse effect.

On the other hand, even if you plan to seek guidance from a physician every two or three weeks, it may be difficult to go to the doctor and regular guidance may not be possible. As described above, there was a great doubt whether or not effective exercise guidance could be performed using a conventional device. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to monitor a user's health condition based on a blood circulation condition obtained from a pulse wave and provide appropriate advice and guidance to the user. It is to provide a health condition management device capable of performing the following.

In order to solve the above problems, a health condition management device of the present invention includes a pulse wave measurement unit that measures a user's pulse wave, a body motion measurement unit that measures the user's body motion, and the pulse wave. Calculating means for obtaining an index representing the state of blood circulation of the user from the waveform of the above, the index obtained at the time when the user issued the pulse wave measurement instruction before the start of exercise, and after the end of exercise Evaluation means for capturing the index obtained at the time when the user issues the pulse wave measurement instruction and evaluating the exercise performed by the user based on a difference between the indexes, and an evaluation of the exercise. Notification means for notifying the user of the result.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the type of the acceleration pulse wave waveform used in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 2A shows various types of acceleration pulse waveforms. When the blood circulation is good, the valley b falls greatly with respect to the peak a, the peak c rises to the vicinity of the base line, and the waveform ((1) or (2)) in FIG. On the other hand, when the blood circulation becomes insufficient, the burden on the heart increases, and the valley b and the valley d become almost the same ((3) in the same figure). Then, the waveform in which the valley d is lower than the valley b ((4) in the figure), the waveform in which the peak c is in the same position as the valley b ((5) in the same figure), and the peak c is lower than the valley b The waveform changes to a waveform ((6) in the same figure).

As shown in FIG. 2B, as a criterion for determining which of the patterns (1) to (6) in FIG. 2A the measured acceleration pulse wave belongs to, the amplitude of the peak a and the other It is conceivable to use the ratio with the peak or valley amplitude. First, when the amplitude ratio d / a between the valley d and the peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within 10%, the pattern (1) is used. If there is, it is classified into pattern (3), and if it is 60 to 100%, it is classified into patterns (4) to (6).

On the other hand, when the amplitude ratio c / a between the peak c and the peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within -10%, the pattern is (1). If it is 0% to 20%, it is classified into pattern (4), if it is 20 to 40%, it is classified into pattern (5), and if it is 40% or more, it is classified into pattern (6). However, since the ranges of the patterns (2) to (4) overlap with each other, the patterns are used to distinguish only the patterns (4) to (6) or used in combination with the value of the amplitude ratio d / a. Note that the amplitude ratio may be negative, which means that the peak c and the valley d are located above the base line.

Here, when attention is paid to a certain user, it can be said that the health condition is better as the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave of the user is closer to the pattern (1), and conversely, the health condition is closer to the pattern (6). There is a tendency that the condition is bad. As described above, the user's health condition can be inferred by looking at the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave. For example, ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and angina) or cerebrovascular disorder (stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage) It is thought that it is also useful for the prediction of the occurrence of the disease.

On the other hand, when examining the relationship between the age of the user and the acceleration pulse wave, the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave tends to shift from the pattern (1) to the pattern (6) as the user ages. Therefore, if the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave measured by the user is extremely deviated toward the pattern (6) as compared with the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave estimated from the age of the person, the above-described case is also used. It can be inferred that it indicates a sign of a serious disease.

[First Embodiment]
Next, the configuration of the health management device according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the same device. In this figure, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1 is a central unit that controls each circuit in the health condition management device, and its function will be described in the section of operation described later.

A ROM (Read Only Memory) 2 stores a control program executed by the CPU 1, various control data, and the like, and performs a desired exercise in accordance with a user's health condition pattern such as an amplitude ratio d / a. A target value of exercise intensity (average exercise intensity), an upper limit value and a lower limit value of exercise intensity, and a target value of exercise time for realization are stored. A RAM (random access memory) 3 is used as a work area (for example, a storage area of the total amount of exercise during exercise) when the CPU 1 performs an operation, and also stores measurement values from various sensors described below, operation results, and the like. Is done.

The pulse wave sensor 4 is an optical pulse wave detection sensor attached to a finger of a user (or a carrier) of the apparatus, for example, a second finger. The pulse wave sensor 4 includes, for example, a light emitting diode and an optical sensor using a phototransistor or the like. Then, the light emitted from the light emitting diode is reflected through the blood vessel under the skin, received by the optical sensor, and subjected to photoelectric conversion, so that a pulse wave detection signal is obtained. In consideration of a signal-to-noise (SN) ratio, a blue light emitting diode is preferably used as the light emitting diode.

The acceleration sensor 5 is a body motion sensor that captures the movement of the user's body, and is attached to the same place as the above-described pulse wave sensor 4, for example, a finger. The sensor interface 6 captures the outputs of the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 at predetermined intervals, converts the captured analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal.

The display device 7 is a device for displaying various information such as messages to the user, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display device provided in a wristwatch. Further, the display control circuit 8 receives the display information from the CPU 1, converts the display information into a format used by the display device 7, and causes the display device 7 to perform display. The clock circuit 9 has a function of sending an interrupt signal to the CPU 1 when a time set by the CPU 1 reaches a predetermined time or when a time set by the CPU 1 elapses, in addition to a normal clocking function.

Here, several modes are conceivable as a method of attaching the health management device to a human body as a “portable device”. An example is shown below, but it is of course possible to combine with other various portable devices. First, as a first mode, there is a mode in which the watch is combined with a wristwatch as shown in FIG.

As shown in this figure, the health condition management device in this embodiment includes a device main body 100 having a wristwatch structure, a cable 101 connected to the device main body 100, and a sensor unit 102 provided on a distal end side of the cable 101. Have been. Further, a wristband 103 that is wound around the user's arm from the 12 o'clock direction of the wristwatch and fixed at the 6 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is attached to the apparatus main body 100. The apparatus main body 100 is detachable from the user's arm by the wristband 103.

The sensor unit 102 is shielded from light by the sensor fixing band 104, and is mounted between the base of the index finger of the user and the second finger joint. When the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger in this way, the cable 101 can be shortened, and the cable 101 does not hinder the user even during exercise. Also, when the body temperature distribution from the palm to the fingertip was measured, it was found that when the ambient temperature was low, the temperature of the fingertip dropped significantly, whereas the temperature at the base of the finger did not drop relatively. Have been. Therefore, if the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger, the pulse rate and the like can be accurately measured even when exercising outdoors on a cold day.

On the other hand, a connector portion 105 is provided on the front side of the wristwatch in the direction of 6:00. A connector piece 106 provided at the end of the cable 101 is detachably attached to the connector section 105. By detaching the connector piece 106 from the connector section 105, the present apparatus is used as a normal wristwatch or stopwatch. be able to. In order to protect the connector unit 105, a predetermined connector cover is attached while the cable 101 and the sensor unit 102 are detached from the connector unit 105. As the connector cover, a component having the same configuration as that of the connector piece 106 except for an electrode portion and the like is used.

According to the connector structure configured as described above, the connector portion 105 is disposed on the near side as viewed from the user, and the operation is simplified for the user. In addition, since the connector portion 105 does not protrude from the main body 100 in the direction of 3 o'clock of the wristwatch, the user can freely move the wrist during exercise, and even if the user falls during exercise, The back of the hand does not hit the connector section 105.

The other components in FIG. 3 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the details of the apparatus main body 100 in this embodiment with the cable 101 and the wristband 103 removed. Here, in this figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted here.

に お い て In this figure, the device main body 100 includes a watch case 107 made of resin. On the surface of the watch case 107, a liquid crystal display device 108 for digitally displaying pulse wave information such as a pulse rate in addition to the current time and date is provided. The liquid crystal display device 108 has a first segment display area 108-1 located on the upper left side of the display surface, a second segment area 108-2 located on the upper right side, and a third segment area located on the lower right side. 108-3, a dot display area 108-D located on the lower left side.

Here, the date, day of the week, current time, and the like are displayed in the first segment area 108-1. In the second segment area 108-2, an elapsed time and the like when performing various time measurements are displayed. In the third segment area 108-3, the pulse rate measured in the measurement of the pulse wave and the like are displayed. Further, various kinds of information can be graphically displayed in the dot display area 108-D, and a mode display indicating what mode the apparatus is in at a certain time, an original waveform of the pulse wave / velocity pulse, and the like. Various displays such as a display of a wave waveform / acceleration pulse wave waveform and a bar graph display of a temporal change of a pulse rate are possible. The above modes include a mode for setting time and date, a mode for use as a stopwatch, and the like, in addition to an original mode used as a health condition management device.

On the other hand, inside the watch case 107, a control unit 109 for performing signal processing and the like for displaying changes in the pulse rate and the like on the liquid crystal display device 108 is incorporated. The control unit 109 includes a clock circuit for measuring time, and the liquid crystal display device 108 displays a lap time, a split time, and the like in a mode operating as a stopwatch in addition to a normal time display. You.

On the other hand, button switches 111 to 117 are provided on the outer peripheral portion and the surface portion of the watch case 107. When the button switch 111 in the direction of 2 o'clock of the wristwatch is pressed, an alarm sound is generated when one hour has passed from the time when the button was pressed. The button switch 112 in the direction of 4 o'clock on the wristwatch is for instructing switching of various modes that the present apparatus has as a normal timepiece.

When the button switch 113 at 11 o'clock on the wristwatch is pressed, the EL (Electro Luminescence) backlight of the liquid crystal display device 108 is turned on for 3 seconds, for example, and then automatically turned off. The button switch 114 located at 8 o'clock on the wristwatch is for switching the type of graphic display to be displayed in the dot display area 108-D. By pressing the button switch 115 at 7 o'clock on the wristwatch, it is possible to switch between hour, minute, second, year, month, day, and 12/24 hour display switching in the mode for correcting the time and date. it can.

The button switch 116 located below the liquid crystal display device 108 is used to lower the set value by one at the time of correcting the time and date, and also teaches each lap to the CPU 1 when measuring a lap. It is also used as a switch for The button switch 117 located above the liquid crystal display device 108 is used for giving an instruction to start / stop the operation as the health management device. The button switch is used to increment the set value by one in the above-described time and date correction mode, and is also used to instruct start / stop of various elapsed time measurements.

Further, a button-shaped battery 118 built in the watch case 107 is provided as a power source of the present apparatus. The cable 101 shown in FIG. It plays a role of sending the detection result of the unit 102 to the control unit 109.

In addition, in the present apparatus, it is necessary to increase the size of the apparatus main body 100 as the functions of the apparatus are increased. However, since there is a restriction that the device main body 100 is worn on the arm, the device main body 100 cannot be expanded in the direction of 6:00 or 12:00 of the wristwatch. Therefore, in this embodiment, a horizontally long watch case 107 is used in which the length of the wristwatch in the directions of 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock is longer than the length in the directions of 6 o'clock and 12 o'clock. .

In this embodiment, the wristband 103 is connected to the watch case 107 at a position biased toward the 3 o'clock direction. Furthermore, when viewed from the wristband 103, the watch has a large overhang 119 in the direction of 9 o'clock, but such a large overhang does not exist in the direction of 3 o'clock of the wristwatch. Therefore, instead of using the horizontally long watch case 107, the user can bend the wrist, and the back of the hand does not hit the watch case 107 even if the user falls.

{Circle around (1)} The flat piezoelectric element 120 used as a buzzer is arranged inside the watch case 107 at 9 o'clock with respect to the battery 118. Here, the battery 118 is heavier than the piezoelectric element 120, and the center of gravity of the apparatus main body 100 is located at a position deviated in the direction of 3:00. However, since the wristband 103 is connected to the side where the center of gravity is deviated, the apparatus main body 100 can be worn on the arm in a stable state. Furthermore, since the battery 118 and the piezoelectric element 120 are arranged in the plane direction, the apparatus main body 100 can be made thinner, and the user can easily replace the battery 118 by providing a battery cover on the back of the wristwatch. Can be.

1 and FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, the control unit 109 in FIG. 4 corresponds to the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 in FIG. The sensor unit 102 in FIG. 3 corresponds to the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 in FIG. 1, and the liquid crystal display device 108 in FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds to the display device 7 in FIG.

In this embodiment, the pulse wave is measured at the base of the finger of the user's hand. However, the measurement site of the pulse wave is not limited to this. For example, the measurement of the pulse wave may be performed in the radial artery or in the periphery thereof. Further, as a modification of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the sensor unit 102 and the sensor fixing band 104 are attached to the fingertip, and the fingertip plethysmogram is measured. Embodiments are possible.

Next, as a second mode, a mode in which it is combined with accessories such as a necklace as shown in FIG. 6 can be considered. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. In this figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a sensor pad, for example, a sponge-like cushioning material. In the sensor pad 31, the pulse wave sensor 4 / acceleration sensor 5 of FIG. 1 is attached. Thus, by putting the necklace around the neck, the pulse wave can be measured by contacting the skin behind the neck.

Further, the case 32 having a broach-like shape incorporates the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 of FIG. Embedded in Thus, in this embodiment, the pulse wave at the base of the neck is measured. Further, in this embodiment, since the clock function is not particularly required, the display device 7 may be constituted only by the dot display area 108-D capable of graphic display.

Next, as a third mode, a combination with glasses as shown in FIG. 7 can be considered. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, here, the main body of the apparatus is attached to the vine 41 of the frame of the eyeglasses, and the main body is further divided into a case 42a and a case 42b and connected via a lead wire embedded inside the vine 41. ing. Note that this lead wire may be crawled along the vine 41.

{Circle around (2)} In the case 42a, a liquid crystal panel 44 is mounted on the entire side surface on the lens 43 side. Further, a mirror 45 is fixed to one end of the side surface at a predetermined angle. In addition, a drive circuit for the liquid crystal panel 44 including a light source (not shown) is incorporated in the case 42a. Then, the light emitted from this light source is reflected by a mirror 45 via a liquid crystal panel 44 and is projected on a lens 43 of spectacles. Therefore, in this case, it can be said that the lens 43 corresponds to the display device 7 in FIG.

The case 42b incorporates the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 of FIG. The pulse wave sensor 4 is built in the pads 46, 46, and is fixed to the ear by sandwiching the earlobe between the pads. In this case, the illustration of the acceleration sensor 5 is omitted. In the present embodiment, a pulse wave in the earlobe is measured.

Next, the operation of the health management device having the above configuration will be described. First, before starting the exercise, the user presses the button switch 117 to activate the function of the present apparatus. Then, the pulse wave waveform and the acceleration value are respectively sent from the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 to the sensor interface 6 and are converted into digital signals. In parallel with this, the CPU 1 sends the read pulse wave waveform to the display control circuit 8 to display the pulse wave waveform on the display device 7. Thus, the user can observe the waveform of the ever-changing pulse wave on the dot display area 108-D of the liquid crystal display device 108 in FIG. 4 by graphic display, for example.

Subsequently, the CPU 1 measures the resting pulse rate only once after the button switch 117 is pressed and before the user starts exercising. Here, the CPU 1 determines whether or not the user is exercising (in other words, whether or not the user is in a resting state) by determining whether the movement of the pulse wave sensor 4 accompanying the user's body movement is a pulse wave. Judgment is made based on whether or not it has reached a level that adversely affects the detection of. That is, if the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 0.1 G), the CPU 1 determines that the user is in a state of exercising (that is, not in a resting state). to decide. Then, in such a state, the pulse wave cannot be correctly detected, so that the CPU 1 displays a message on the display device 7 to urge the user not to move his body.

When the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, the CPU 1 determines that the user is not exercising (that is, at rest), and outputs the pulse wave waveform from the sensor interface 6. After reading for a predetermined time and storing it in the RAM 3, the pulse wave waveform taken in this period is divided into wavelength units, the number of wavelengths is counted, and this is converted into per minute to calculate the pulse rate. Then, the calculated pulse rate is stored in the RAM 3 as a pulse rate at rest.

Next, the CPU 1 reads one wavelength from the pulse waveform stored in the RAM 3. Next, the waveform is subjected to time differentiation twice to obtain an acceleration pulse waveform as shown in FIG. Then, the CPU 1 determines an inflection point of the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave, determines a peak a, a valley b, a peak c, and a valley d, and obtains an amplitude value at each inflection point. Note that these inflection points can be obtained by a general method such as taking the time derivative of the acceleration pulse wave. Further, the waveform of the calculated acceleration pulse wave and the waveform of the velocity pulse wave obtained in the process of obtaining the acceleration pulse wave may be graphically displayed on the display device 7.

Next, the CPU 1 calculates values obtained by normalizing the amplitude values of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d with the amplitude values of the peak a, that is, the amplitude ratios b / a, c / a, and d / a, and calculates the calculation results. Is stored in the RAM 3. Here, among these amplitude ratios, the amplitude ratio d / a is most useful as an index indicating the state of blood circulation. Therefore, hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described using only the amplitude ratio d / a in principle. As will be described later, it is more strictly desirable to use the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a, but in the following, the simplest method is to make a determination using only the amplitude ratio d / a. And

Next, the CPU 1 instructs the user on how much exercise should be performed. Therefore, the CPU 1 firstly sets the acceleration pulse wave waveform before exercise to any of the patterns (1) to (6) based on the amplitude ratio d / a obtained as described above and the table shown in FIG. The type of the pattern is determined, the type of the pattern is stored in the RAM 3 as the pattern of the acceleration pulse waveform before exercise, and the type of the pattern is displayed on the display device 7. However, even if only the type of the pattern is announced, it is difficult for the user to understand. Therefore, for example, when the pattern (3) is determined, an auxiliary message such as “health is starting to be insufficient” is displayed on the display device 7. Next, the target value of the exercise intensity, the upper limit value, the lower limit value, and the target value of the exercise time corresponding to the obtained pulse wave pattern are read out from the ROM 2 and stored in the RAM 3, and these values are displayed on the display device 7. The exercise is displayed to present the exercise goal to the user.

Next, when the user starts exercising, the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 gradually increases as the movement of the body increases. When the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 exceeds the above-described predetermined value from a certain point in time, the CPU 1 recognizes that the user has started exercising. Then, the CPU 1 reads the time from the clock circuit 9 and stores it in the RAM 3 as the time at the start of the exercise, and sets the clock circuit 9 so that an interrupt occurs when the target exercise time has elapsed. Further, the CPU 1 initializes a storage area provided on the RAM 3 for calculating the total amount of exercise during exercise to “0”.

While the user is exercising, the CPU 1 measures the user's pulse rate and the amount of exercise and gives guidance on the exercise. For this purpose, first, the CPU 1 reads a pulse waveform from the sensor interface 6 at predetermined time intervals to calculate a pulse rate of the user. When the pulse rate is converted into display information and transmitted to the display control circuit 8, the pulse rate is displayed on the display device 7.

The CPU 1 calculates the amount of exercise, but here, the amount of exercise is displayed in calories. Since the calorie is approximately calculated by “the product of the pulse rate and the exercise time”, the CPU 1 multiplies the pulse rate obtained above by the elapsed time from the last pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement. To calculate momentum. In calculating the amount of exercise, since the pulse rate immediately before and the pulse rate this time are usually different, an average of the pulse rate immediately before and the pulse rate this time may be taken. Further, the CPU 1 obtains the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise by adding the current amount of exercise to the total amount of exercise up to the previous time. Then, the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise and the amount of exercise from the previous pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement are stored in the RAM 3 and are also displayed on the display device 7.

In addition, since the amount of exercise is also obtained by “product of exercise intensity and exercise time”, the amount of exercise obtained by these products may be displayed instead of the calories described above. That is, since the measured pulse rate and exercise intensity satisfy the well-known Carbone's equation shown below, the exercise intensity is calculated from the pulse rate at rest stored in the RAM 3 in advance and the pulse rate measured during exercise. Can be calculated, and the amount of exercise can be obtained from this. Measured pulse rate = (resting pulse rate) + ｛(220−age) −resting pulse rate｝ * exercise intensity (1)
If the "exercise intensity" in this equation is about 80%, it can be said that the exercise is quite severe, and even if it is about 50%, it can be said that the exercise is rather severe. As for “age” in this equation, the age specified by the user using input means (not shown) is stored in the RAM 3 in advance.

On the other hand, the CPU 1 checks whether the exercise intensity calculated from the measured pulse rate by the equation (1) does not deviate from the range determined by the upper and lower limits of the exercise intensity described above. If the value is higher than the upper limit, the user is instructed to reduce the exercise a little. On the other hand, if the value is lower than the lower limit, the user is instructed to slightly increase the intensity of the exercise. As described above, by displaying the pulse rate and the amount of exercise on the display device 7, the user can adjust the exercise to be performed by himself / herself, and it is checked whether the exercise is performed with the appropriate exercise intensity. The monitoring is performed so that the exercise intensity is appropriate without exercising or ineffective exercise.

{Circle around (4)} When the target exercise time elapses and an interrupt is received from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to end the exercise. Then, since the user immediately stops the exercise or stops the exercise at a well-defined point, the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 gradually decreases. On the other hand, since the CPU 1 monitors the output value of the acceleration sensor 5, the CPU 1 detects that the output value has fallen below the predetermined value again, and recognizes that the user has actually stopped exercising. Next, the CPU 1 calculates the amplitude ratio d / a according to the same procedure as before the start of the exercise, reads the current time from the clock circuit 9 as the end of the exercise, and stores these values in the RAM 3. Further, the CPU 1 calculates a net exercise time from the exercise start time and the exercise end time, and stores the same in the RAM 3 similarly.

Next, the CPU 1 displays the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise, the amplitude ratio d / a after exercise, the total amount of exercise during exercise, and the net exercise time on the display device 7 according to the operation of the button switch by the user. Further, the CPU 1 obtains a target value of the exercise amount from the target value of the exercise intensity and the target value of the exercise time, and checks whether or not the total exercise amount by the actual measurement is within a predetermined range around the target value. If the amount of exercise is not appropriate, the user is notified of the fact together with the target value of the amount of exercise to notify that the exercise as instructed is not being performed. The CPU 1 also performs the same processing for the exercise time, and when the target value and the measured value are significantly different, notifies the user of the difference and alerts the user.

Next, in the same manner as before the exercise, the CPU 1 determines to which of the patterns shown in FIG. 2B the value of the amplitude ratio d / a measured after the exercise belongs, and determines the type of the pattern after the exercise. Is displayed on the display device 7. Furthermore, as a result of comparing the pattern before exercise and the pattern after exercise, if the pattern has changed to the (1) side and the state is improved, "healthy state has been improved." Is displayed on the display device 7. On the other hand, if the pattern has changed to the (6) side and the condition has deteriorated, it is conceivable that further exercise is not desirable, so stop exercise and consult a doctor if necessary. Then, a warning is issued to the user.

In the absence of such a warning, for example, if the user is performing interval training and continues to exercise thereafter, the pattern determined after the exercise (ie, the amplitude ratio d / a) is This is set as a pattern (amplitude ratio d / a) of the exercise to be performed before the exercise is performed. Then, a new target value is set from this pattern (amplitude ratio d / a), and exercise guidance is continued. Thereafter, if the user presses the button switch 117 again when all necessary exercises have been completed, the CPU 1 determines that the exercise has ended, and thereafter stops exercising instruction.

On the other hand, if the user does exercise on or after the next day, the user pushes the button switch 117 once to stop the exercise instruction. Then, when re-exercising at a later date, according to the same procedure as above, the pattern of the acceleration pulse wave according to the health condition of the day is determined, and the exercise according to the target value of the exercise corresponding to the pattern is performed. Guidance is given. As described above, it is possible to instruct appropriate exercise and to shift the user's health state to a favorable state.

In the above embodiment, the measured pulse rate may be constantly displayed on the display device 7 including before and after the exercise. Further, as a method for evaluating the exercise performed by the user, the following method can be considered.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the amount of exercise performed by the user and the rate of change in the amplitude ratio d / a before and after the exercise. As shown in this figure, when the amount of exercise is small, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a is small, and a value of approximately less than + 5% is obtained (region "I" in FIG. 8). Next, when the momentum is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a gradually increases and exceeds + 5%, and thereafter, the rate of change starts decreasing at a certain point in time. The change rate of the amplitude ratio d / a becomes about + 5% again (the area “II” in FIG. 8). Next, when the amount of exercise is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further decreases, falls below + 5%, and falls to about −10% (region “III” in FIG. 8). As the amount of exercise is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further decreases and falls below -10% ("IV" region in FIG. 8).

The CPU 1 evaluates exercise based on the relationship between the amount of exercise and the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a. For this purpose, the CPU 1 obtains a difference between the amplitude ratio d / a after the exercise and the amplitude ratio d / a before the exercise, divides the difference by the amplitude ratio d / a before the exercise, and obtains the amplitude ratio d / a. Is calculated. Then, when the obtained rate of change in the amplitude ratio d / a and the amount of exercise measured during exercise are plotted on the graph of FIG. 8, depending on which of the areas I to IV this plot is located. Make an evaluation.

That is, if it exists in the area "I" of FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the exercise performed is too weak, and if it exists in the area "II" of FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the exercise was appropriate. If it exists in the area of "III", it is evaluated that the exercise was slightly strong, and if it exists in the area of "IV" in FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the exercise was too strong. Then, based on this evaluation result, for each of the regions I, II, III, and IV, “the exercise is too light”, “just good exercise”, “exercise is somewhat strong”, “ Message is displayed on the display device 7 and the user is notified of the evaluation result.

As described above, the case where only the amplitude ratio d / a is used has been described above. However, by using an evaluation method that refers to the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a, higher accuracy can be achieved. The exercise can be evaluated. That is, for example, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 20%, it can be determined from FIG. 2B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (2). On the other hand, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 80%, it can be specified that the pattern belongs to any one of the patterns (4) to (6). Therefore, which of these patterns is narrowed down. For this purpose, reference is further made to the value of the amplitude ratio c / a. Now, if the value of the amplitude ratio c / a is, for example, 30%, it can be determined from FIG. 2B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (5).

目標 Also, as the exercise target value, there can be various other than the above-mentioned exercise intensity and exercise time. For example, calorie consumption can be considered. The CPU 1 sets a calorie target value before the start of exercise. During the exercise, the CPU 1 calculates the calorie consumption at each time when the pulse rate is measured, and accumulates the calorie consumption from the start of the exercise to the RAM 3. The user is notified when the integrated value exceeds the set target value.

[Second embodiment]
In recent years, information such as power spectrum obtained from heart rate variability has begun to be used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as heart disease, central nervous disease, peripheral nervous disease, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disorder, and sudden death. . For this reason, in the present embodiment, each index of LF, HF, and RR50 is obtained from the analysis of the fluctuation of the pulse wave corresponding to the fluctuation of the heart rate variability, and these are used as the indexes indicating the physical state of the user. It shall be. Therefore, the meaning of these indices will be described first.

に お い て In the electrocardiogram, the time interval between the R wave of a certain heartbeat and the Rwave of the next heartbeat is called an RR interval, and is a numerical value that is an index of the autonomic nervous function in the human body. FIG. 9 illustrates heartbeats in an electrocardiogram and RR intervals obtained from waveforms of these heartbeats. As can be seen from the figure, it is known from the analysis of the measurement result of the electrocardiogram that the RR interval changes with time.

On the other hand, the change in blood pressure measured in the radial artery and the like is defined as a change in each beat of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and corresponds to a change in the RR interval in the electrocardiogram. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the electrocardiogram and the blood pressure. As can be seen from this figure, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures for each beat are measured as the maximum value of the arterial pressure at each RR interval and the local minimum seen immediately before the maximum value.

By performing a spectrum analysis of these heart rate fluctuations or blood pressure fluctuations, it can be seen that these fluctuations are composed of waves of a plurality of frequencies. These waves are classified into the following three types of fluctuation components.
-HF (High Frequency) component, which is a variation that coincides with breathing-LF (Low Frequency) component, which varies in a cycle of about 10 seconds-Trend, which varies at a frequency lower than the measurement limit

In order to obtain these components, first, for each of the measured pulse waves, the RR interval between the adjacent pulse waves is obtained, and the obtained discrete value of the RR interval is determined by an appropriate method (for example, the third order). Interpolation (spline interpolation) (see FIG. 9). Then, by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing on the interpolated curve and performing spectrum analysis, the above-mentioned fluctuation component can be extracted as a peak on the frequency axis. FIG. 11A shows a waveform of the fluctuation of the RR interval of the measured pulse wave, and a waveform of each fluctuation component when the fluctuation waveform is decomposed into the three frequency components. FIG. 11B shows the result of spectrum analysis of the fluctuation waveform of the RR interval shown in FIG.

わ か る As can be seen from this figure, peaks are observed at two frequencies around 0.07 Hz and around 0.25 Hz. The former is the LF component and the latter is the HF component. Note that the trend component is below the measurement limit and cannot be read from the figure. The LF component is related to the activity of the sympathetic nerve, and the greater the amplitude of the component, the more the tone tends to be. On the other hand, the HF component is related to the activity of the parasympathetic nerve, and the greater the amplitude of this component, the more the relaxation tends to occur.

Since there are individual differences in the amplitude values of the LF component and the HF component, when this is taken into account, “LF / HF”, which is the amplitude ratio of the LF component and the HF component, is useful for estimating the state of the human body. Then, from the characteristics of the LF component and the HF component described above, it is derived that the greater the value of “LF / HF”, the more nervous, and the smaller the value of “LF / HF”, the more relaxed. On the other hand, RR50 is defined as the number of absolute values of the RR interval of two consecutive heartbeats that have fluctuated by 50 milliseconds or more in a pulse wave measurement for a predetermined time (for example, one minute). It is known that the larger the value of RR50, the more calm the human body is, and the smaller the value of RR50, the more excited.

By the way, there is a correlation between the physical condition of the user and these indices. By performing the strengthening training to reduce the function of the parasympathetic nerve and bring it into a state of sympathetic nerve predominance, a situation similar to the physical condition of a patient having the above-mentioned disease can be created. Then, when observing the change of the above-mentioned index during the recovery period of the body after stopping the reinforcement training, for example, the HF component shows a tendency to increase with the passage of time, while the value of “LF / HF” Tend to decrease day by day.

That is, as the body condition recovers, the value of the HF component or “LF / HF” increases or decreases from a value indicating a nervous state to a value indicating a relaxed state. Therefore, it is presumed that the quality of the human body can be determined by observing the increase or decrease of the value of each index, including not only the HF component and “LF / HF” but also the LF component and RR50. It is thought that it can be used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a.

Next, the health management device according to the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, one of the above four indices is used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a in the first embodiment, and the device configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, hereinafter, the operation of the apparatus will be described focusing on the operation unique to the present embodiment. In the above embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave waveform is classified into six patterns. However, in the present embodiment, the values of these indices are divided into several grades according to the values. The target value of exercise intensity, the upper limit value, the lower limit value, and the target value of exercise time are set in the ROM 2 in advance for each grade.

When the user presses the button switch 117 before exercise, the CPU 1 checks the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 to confirm whether the user is in a resting state, and then determines the pulse rate at rest. Measurement is performed only once, and the measured value is stored in the RAM 3. Next, the CPU 1 captures the pulse waveform and calculates the above four indices based on the pulse waveform. Therefore, this processing will be described below in detail.

{Circle around (1)} First, in order to extract the maximum point from the waveform of the pulse wave, the CPU 1 performs time differentiation on the waveform of the pulse wave, obtains the time at which the time differential value is zero, and obtains all the times at which the waveform takes the extreme point. Next, it is determined whether the extreme point at each time is a local maximum or a local minimum based on the slope (that is, the time differential value) of the waveform near the extreme point. For example, for a certain pole, a moving average of the slope of the waveform is calculated for a predetermined time before the pole. If the moving average is positive, it is understood that the pole is maximum, and if it is negative, it is minimum.

Next, for each of the extracted maximum points, the CPU 1 finds the minimum point existing immediately before the maximum point. Then, the amplitude of the pulse wave at the maximum point and the minimum point is read from the RAM 3 to determine the amplitude difference between the two, and if the difference is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the time of the maximum point is set as the peak of the pulse wave. Then, after performing the peak detection processing on all the captured pulse wave waveforms, a time interval between them (corresponding to an RR interval in a heartbeat) is calculated based on the time of two adjacent peaks.

た め Since the values of the RR intervals obtained above are discrete on the time axis, a curve as shown in FIG. 11A is obtained by interpolating between adjacent RR intervals by an appropriate interpolation method. Next, an FFT process is performed on the interpolated curve to obtain a spectrum as shown in FIG. Therefore, by applying the same maximum discrimination processing as that performed on the waveform of the pulse wave, the maximum value in this spectrum and the frequency corresponding to the maximum value are obtained, and the maximum value obtained in the low frequency region is obtained. The LF component and the local maximum value obtained at a high frequency are used as the HF components, and the amplitude of each component is obtained to calculate the amplitude ratio “LF / HF” between them. Further, the CPU 1 sequentially calculates the time difference between adjacent RR intervals based on the RR interval obtained as described above, and checks whether the time difference exceeds 50 milliseconds for each of them. Then, the number corresponding to this is counted as RR50.

Next, the CPU 1 instructs the user about the exercise to be performed. Therefore, first, the CPU 1 determines to which grade the index value obtained as described above belongs. Then, the determined grade and index values are stored in the RAM 3 and displayed on the display device 7, and the target values of the exercise intensity, the upper limit value, the lower limit value, and the target values of the exercise time corresponding to the grade are stored in the ROM 2. , Stored in the RAM 3 and displayed on the display device 7 to present the target value of exercise to the user.

Next, when the user starts exercising, the CPU 1 recognizing this stores the time at the start of exercising in the RAM 3 and sets the target exercising time in the clock circuit 9, and then during the exercising as in the first embodiment. Measures the pulse rate and the amount of exercise and gives guidance on exercise. That is, the CPU 1 calculates the amount of exercise and the pulse rate from the time of the previous pulse rate measurement to the time of the present pulse rate measurement, obtains the total amount of exercise from the start of the exercise, stores these values in the RAM 3 and displays the values on the display device 7. Display. Further, the CPU 1 checks whether the exercise intensity calculated from the equation (1) is within a range determined by the upper limit and the lower limit, and issues an instruction regarding the exercise intensity to the user as appropriate.

When the target exercise time elapses and an interrupt is received from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to end the exercise, monitors the output of the acceleration sensor 5, and stops the user from actually exercising. Meet. Next, the CPU 1 calculates the respective indices in the same manner as before the start of the exercise, reads the time of the end of the exercise from the clock circuit 9, calculates the net exercise time, stores all of these values in the RAM 3 and displays the values on the display device 7. To be displayed. Further, the CPU 1 checks whether or not the total amount of exercise and the exercise time for the exercise that has just been performed are within predetermined ranges from the respective target values. If the exercise is not being performed as instructed, the effect is used. Inform others.

Next, as before the exercise, the CPU 1 determines to which grade the index value after exercise belongs, and causes the display device 7 to display the obtained grade and index value. Furthermore, by comparing the index values before and after the exercise, if a condition has been improved, a message to that effect is displayed, while if the condition has deteriorated, the exercise is stopped and a doctor's diagnosis is made. Give a warning to ask.

Here, regarding the criterion for judging whether the condition has been improved or deteriorated, in the case of LF or “LF / HF”, if the value has decreased due to exercise, it is regarded as improved, and the value has increased. If it does, it is considered worse. On the other hand, in the case of HF or RR50, it is deemed to have deteriorated if it has decreased, and it has been considered to have been improved if it has increased.

If the user continues to exercise, the grade obtained after the exercise is set as the grade before the exercise to be performed, and a new target value is obtained from the grade to instruct the exercise. Is performed continuously. In the above description, any one of the four indices is used, but some of these indices may be comprehensively considered.

[Third embodiment]
This embodiment is a form in which the health condition management device described in the first embodiment is partially modified. That is, in the first embodiment, the device (more specifically, the CPU 1) automatically determines whether the user is in a resting state based on the measurement result of the acceleration sensor 5. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, it is determined whether the user is in a resting state and instructs the apparatus to that effect.

As described above, the operation mode according to the first embodiment is roughly divided into two modes. In other words, there are two modes: a mode that operates as a health management device, and a mode that is used as a normal clock, such as setting the time and date and using it as a stopwatch. On the other hand, the operation mode in the present embodiment has three types of modes.

The first mode is a mode in which the device does not function as a health management device, and functions as a normal watch when the device is incorporated in a wristwatch. The remaining two modes are modes that function as a health management device. That is, the second mode is a pulse wave measurement mode, which is a mode for measuring and analyzing a pulse wave before or after the user exercises on the assumption that the user is in a resting state. It is. Further, the third mode is a pulse measurement mode, in which a pulse rate is measured while the user is exercising, and the user is instructed to exercise.

The user switches between these three modes manually using the button switch 117 described above. Here, the button switch 117 in the first embodiment is a switch for starting / stopping the operation as the health management device. On the other hand, the button switch 117 in the present embodiment functions as a button switch for cyclically switching the above three modes. In other words, every time the button switch 117 is pressed, the mode is cyclically changed from the first to the second to the third to the first. Note that the mode is not determined while the mode is being switched, and the user may repeatedly press the button switch 117 until the desired mode is reached. Further, as is clear from the above description, since the user himself / herself determines the rest state using the acceleration sensor 5 in the first embodiment, the acceleration is essentially the same in the present embodiment. The sensor 5 is not required.

Next, the operation of the health management device according to the present embodiment will be outlined. First, before starting the exercise, the user operates the button switch 117 while taking care not to move the pulse wave sensor 4 to set the apparatus to the pulse wave measurement mode. Thus, the CPU 1 reads the pulse waveform from the sensor interface 6 for a predetermined time, calculates the resting pulse rate from the read pulse waveform, and stores the pulse rate in the RAM 3.

Next, the CPU 1 reads one pulse wave waveform, determines a peak a, a valley b, a peak c, and a valley d based on the acceleration pulse wave waveform, calculates the amplitude ratio d / a, and calculates the amplitude ratio d / a. The pattern of the acceleration pulse wave waveform is determined from a, and these values are stored in the RAM 3. Next, the target values of the exercise corresponding to this pattern are read out from the ROM 2 and stored in the RAM 3, and these values are displayed on the display device 7. At this time, a message indicating that the pulse wave measurement before exercise is completed is displayed on the display device 7 together.

Then, the user who confirms the message operates the button switch 117 to set the apparatus to the pulse measurement mode. As a result, the CPU 1 reads the exercise start time from the clock circuit 9 and stores it in the RAM 3. The exercise time is set in the clock circuit 9. On the other hand, when the user who operates the button switch 117 starts exercising, the CPU 1 measures the pulse rate and the amount of exercise during the exercising of the user, and instructs the exercise similarly to the first embodiment.

Thereafter, when an interrupt is received from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to stop the exercise. When the user stops exercising according to this instruction, the user operates the button switch 117 to switch the apparatus again to the pulse wave measurement mode. As a result, the CPU 1 reads the exercise end time, calculates the net exercise time, and stores them in the RAM 3. Further, the CPU 1 recognizes that the current pulse wave measurement mode is for pulse wave measurement after exercise, and calculates the amplitude ratio d / a from the captured pulse wave waveform according to the same procedure as before the start of exercise. , The acceleration pulse wave pattern is determined, and these values are stored in the RAM 3.

Next, the CPU 1 displays the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise, the amplitude ratio d / a after exercise, and the total amount of exercise during exercise on the display device 7, and checks whether the amount of exercise and the exercise time are appropriate. Warn the user if necessary. Further, a change state of the pattern of the acceleration pulse wave waveform before and after the exercise is examined, and an instruction is appropriately given to the user according to the degree of improvement or deterioration of the state. After that, it is the same as above, and the user adjusts his / her breath so that the resting pulse rate can be measured, and then repeats the above-described operation from the operation of measuring the pulse wave before the start of exercise.

In addition, it is not inconceivable that the user's body may be inadvertently moved, which may hinder measurement in the pulse wave measurement mode. Therefore, the acceleration sensor 5 may be used as a supplement in consideration of such a case. That is, the CPU 1 periodically reads the output of the acceleration sensor 5 during the measurement of the pulse wave before and after the exercise, and if it detects that the user's body is moving, a warning is displayed on the display device 7. A message may be displayed or a warning may be issued by sound using an alarm built into the apparatus.

Also, the pulse wave measurement before exercise and the pulse wave measurement after exercise are provided as separate modes, and the user may select any one of these two modes before and after exercise. . Further, the present embodiment has been described as being applied to the first embodiment, but if the amplitude ratio d / a is replaced with LF, HF, "LF / HF", and RR50, it is naturally applicable to the second embodiment. It is.

[Fourth embodiment]
Next, a description will be given of a form in which the health condition management device having the above configuration is applied to the guidance of rehabilitation (hereinafter, referred to as rehabilitation), using an amplitude ratio d / a obtained from an acceleration pulse wave. Normally, rehabilitation consists of several stages, with the progression of treatment to a stage where more intense exercise is imposed and the patient's condition improving accordingly. In the present embodiment, such exercise guidance for a rehabilitation subject is automatically performed without the intervention of an attendant.

In the present embodiment, the ROM 2 of FIG. 1 stores a “standard” target value such as an amplitude ratio d / a for each stage of rehabilitation, and has the amplitude ratio corresponding to the value of the amplitude ratio. A target value of exercise intensity, an upper limit value, a lower limit value, and a target value of exercise time which are considered to be appropriate for achieving the physical condition are stored.

First, prepare for starting rehabilitation. That is, the CPU 1 captures the pulse wave of the patient, obtains the acceleration pulse wave, obtains each amplitude ratio, and calculates the pulse rate at rest. As described below, these values represent the state of the rehabilitation subject on the day of the rehabilitation. Therefore, the “standard” target value of the amplitude ratio stored in the ROM 2 is corrected by the measured amplitude ratio and the value of the pulse rate at rest, and the target amplitude ratio that matches the physical condition of the patient at the start of rehabilitation. Is calculated and stored in the RAM 3. Next, the target value of exercise intensity, the upper limit value, the lower limit value, and the target value of exercise time corresponding to the target amplitude ratio are read from the ROM 2 and notified to the patient together with the target amplitude ratio. In correcting the standard amplitude ratio, both the measured amplitude ratio and the pulse rate may be used, or only one of the information may be used.

Next, the CPU 1 causes the display device 7 to display a message prompting the start of rehabilitation. Thereby, the patient who saw the message starts the first-stage exercise. Then, the CPU 1 measures the pulse rate while the patient is exercising, calculates the exercise intensity from the measured pulse rate, checks whether the exercise rate is within the range of the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and determines the appropriate exercise intensity. The patient is properly instructed to maintain the condition. On the other hand, the amount of exercise is obtained and integrated at predetermined time intervals.

Then, after the elapse of the target exercise time, when the CPU 1 instructs the patient to end the exercise and once suspends the exercise, the CPU 1 again takes in the pulse wave and calculates the amplitude ratio after the exercise. It is checked whether the target value of the amplitude ratio at has been reached. If the target value has not yet been reached, the patient is instructed to continue exercising until the measured value reaches the target value.

On the other hand, when the measurement result reaches the target value of the exercise at the current stage, the CPU 1 displays a message prompting the transition to the exercise at the next stage on the display device 7 and displays a new amplitude ratio in the second stage. After reading a standard target value from the ROM 2 and performing correction in the same manner as described above, a new target value of exercise intensity, an upper limit value, a lower limit value, and a target value of exercise time corresponding to the target value of the corrected amplitude ratio are set. Is displayed. Thereby, the patient can end the exercise of the first stage and move to the exercise of the second stage. In this way, the patient can complete the rehabilitation menu step by step.

{Circle around (5)} When all the steps are completed, the CPU 1 causes the display device 7 to display a message to the effect that rehabilitation has ended, and the patient ends the rehabilitation. Although the present embodiment has been described as using the amplitude ratio d / a, the amplitude ratio can be replaced with LF, HF, “LF / HF”, or RR50.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, a case where the user applies the health condition management device having the above configuration to his / her own health management will be described. The CPU 1 captures a pulse wave from the sensor interface 6 at a predetermined measurement time every day. Here, in this embodiment, the measurement is performed every two hours. Then, the amplitude ratio d / a and the like are calculated in the same procedure as in the first embodiment, and the calculation results are stored in the RAM 3 together with the time read from the clock circuit 9. The amplitude ratio cannot be calculated if the user is exercising at the measurement time. In this case, the output of the acceleration sensor 5 is monitored, and the calculation of the amplitude ratio is performed after the exercise is completed. To do.

On the other hand, at each measurement time (for example, 2:00 pm), the CPU 1 reads from the RAM 3 the amplitude ratio obtained at the same time (that is, 2:00 pm) in the past predetermined period (one week in this embodiment), A moving average is obtained from these amplitude ratios and the amplitude ratio at the present time (that is, 2:00 pm). Then, the moving average is stored in the RAM 3 together with the current amplitude ratio and the measurement time.

Next, the value of the moving average calculated at the same time of the previous day (that is, 2:00 pm of the previous day) is read from the RAM 3 and the value of the moving average is compared with the current amplitude ratio. Then, it is checked whether or not the difference between the two exceeds a certain value. If the difference exceeds the certain value, a warning message is displayed on the display device 7 so that the current state deviates from the average state in the past week. And a warning can be given to the user.

In the above description, the amplitude ratio obtained from the pulse wave is used as it is. However, if the acceleration sensor 5 is regarded as an activity monitor, a correlation between the movement of the user's body and the acceleration pulse wave can be obtained. Therefore, when calculating the amplitude ratio, the measured value of the amplitude ratio may be corrected based on the correlation information and the output value of the acceleration sensor 5.

Further, the change of the amplitude ratio in the past predetermined period (eg, one week, one month, one year, etc.) stored in the RAM 3 may be displayed on the display device 7 as a graph to notify the user of the change in the state of blood circulation. It is possible. In the above description, the amplitude ratio d / a is used. However, it is naturally possible to use LF, HF, "LF / HF", and RR50.

[Application]
In the above embodiment, various notifications to the user are displayed by messages, but may be notified by sound. For example, if this device is combined with a wristwatch, the existing alarm function built into the wristwatch can be used. Also, in the case of other portable devices, if a sound source using a piezoelectric element, a speaker, or the like is provided, not only an alarm sound but also a notification by a voice message or the like can be realized. By making such a sound notification, even a visually impaired person can use the apparatus without any trouble. In addition, since the user does not have to look at the displayed message during the exercise, it can be said that the user is not bothersome and preferable for healthy persons.

In addition, it is conceivable that the user can understand the difference by changing the type of music to be played or changing the pitch of the sound in accordance with the evaluation result of the exercise and the contents of instructions to the user. Further, the notification may be made using both the message and the sound. For the hearing impaired, a tactile sensation may be appealed instead of a message or sound. For example, it is conceivable to attach a diaphragm to the back surface of the wristwatch and vibrate the diaphragm, or to notify the user by vibration as a structure for vibrating the entire wristwatch. Furthermore, by giving a change in vibration intensity and vibration time, it is possible to notify in various forms as in the case of messages and voices.

Further, in the above embodiment, the acceleration sensor 5 is arranged close to the pulse wave sensor 4, but actually, the acceleration sensor 5 may be mounted anywhere on the human body. In the above embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave is used, but this is only because the acceleration pulse wave is best known and is easy to understand. Therefore, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to any of the original waveform of the pulse wave, the first derivative waveform, and the derivative waveform higher than the acceleration pulse wave.

Here, as an example, a case where the original waveform of the pulse wave is used will be described briefly. FIG. 12 shows an original waveform of a typical pulse wave. In this figure, (a) is a so-called flat vein, which is a trimodal wave characterized by having three peaks. Here, P1 to P5 in the figure are inflection points (peaks) of the pulse wave. On the other hand, FIG. 12B shows a pulse wave called a so-called smooth pulse, which is a bimodal wave characterized by having two peaks. On the other hand, FIG. 12C shows a pulse wave called a chord vein.

関 連 When examining the relationship between each of these pulse waves and the exercise performed by the user, generally, before exercise, a flat pulse shown in FIG. Even if exercise is performed, if the exercise is too light, a flat pulse is observed even after exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is moderate, the smooth vein shown in FIG. 12B will be observed after the exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is excessive, the state of the chord vein shown in FIG.

As described above, when the original waveform of the pulse wave is used, it is determined whether the waveform of the pulse wave after the exercise is classified into a flat vein, a smooth vein, or a chord vein. It can be seen that can be evaluated. Here, in order to extract the inflection points P1 to P5 from the measured pulse wave and to grasp the characteristics of the pulse wave, for example, a patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-197569, stress evaluation) by the inventor of the present invention may be used. Device and physiological age evaluation device). Therefore, the outline is described below.

According to this method, the following information is collected from the waveform of each pulse of the pulse wave to extract the characteristics of the pulse wave. That is, as shown in FIG.
1) pulse pressures y1 to y5 at inflection points P1 to P5 appearing sequentially in each beat of the pulse wave;
2) On the basis of the pulse wave start time t0 at which the pulse wave rises, the elapsed times T1 to T5 until the inflection points P1 to P5 appear and the elapsed time T6 until the pulse wave of the next beat rises,
3) Whether each of the inflection points P1 to P5 is a local maximum or a local minimum. The ROM 2 shown in FIG. 1 stores the pulse wave characteristics relating to each of the normal pulse, the smooth pulse, and the chord pulse, such as the elapsed time T1 to T6, the pulse pressure y1 to y5, and the maximum / minimum value of each inflection point. It should be stored in advance.

The operation of the health management device in this case is roughly as follows. First, the CPU 1 extracts only frequency components lower than a predetermined cutoff frequency from the acquired pulse waveform, and stores the obtained waveform data in the RAM 3. Next, a process of calculating a time derivative of a pulse wave waveform composed of only low frequency components is performed. Next, a moving average within a predetermined period is calculated for the calculated time differential value, and the calculation result is stored in the RAM 3 as inclination information. This inclination information takes a positive value if the pulse pressure tends to increase, and takes a negative value if the pulse pressure tends to decrease.

Next, the CPU 1 checks the result of the above calculation, and when 0 is output as a time differential value, this is set as an inflection point, and the sampling time of the waveform and the pulse pressure (pulse pressure y1 to y1 to (equivalent to y5). Also, by referring to the above-mentioned inclination information, it is determined whether each inflection point is a local maximum or a local minimum. That is, if the inclination information obtained for a certain inflection point is positive, the inflection point is a local maximum point, and if the inclination information is negative, the inflection point is a minimum point. Further, each time an inflection point is detected, the CPU 1 calculates a difference between the pulse pressure at the inflection point and the pulse pressure at the inflection point detected immediately before, and uses the obtained difference data as stroke information to the RAM 3. Store.

{Circle around (4)} After performing the above processing for all the pulse waves within the measurement time, the CPU 1 performs processing for separating the pulse waves for each beat. First, the CPU 1 extracts the inclination information and the stroke information corresponding to each inflection point from the RAM 3, and selects one having the positive inclination information from the extracted stroke information. Next, a predetermined number of stroke information having a large stroke information is selected from the upper part, and an information corresponding to a median value is selected from the selected information, and the rising portion of each pulse of the pulse wave is determined. Thus, the start time of the rising can be obtained as the pulse wave start time t0.

As described above, the inflection points P1 to P5, the maximum / minimum values for these inflection points, and the pulse pressures y1 to y5 at each inflection point are determined. The elapsed time T1 to T5 is calculated by calculating the difference between the waveform sampling time at each inflection point and the pulse wave start time t0. Further, the elapsed time T6 is obtained for each pulse of the pulse wave by obtaining the time difference between the pulse wave start times t0 between adjacent pulse wave beats.

For each of the elapsed time T1 to T5, the pulse pressure y1 to y5, and the maximum / minimum at the inflection points P1 to P5, those of the measured pulse wave and those of the predetermined pulse wave stored in the ROM 2 In comparison with the above, the type of pulse wave that best fits the measured pulse wave can be selected from among normal, smooth, and pulse veins, and the type of pulse wave can be used to evaluate the exercise performed by the user. it can.

It is a block diagram showing composition of a health condition management device by one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a figure showing various aspects of the acceleration pulse wave in the fingertip plethysmogram, and (b) shows the range of the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a for each pattern of (a). FIG. It is a figure when the same device is combined with a wristwatch. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the structure of the wristwatch in more detail when the device is combined with a wristwatch. It is a figure showing other modes which combined the same device with a wristwatch. It is a figure when the same device is combined with a necklace. It is a figure at the time of combining the same device with glasses. It is a figure showing the relationship between the amount of exercise of the exercise | movement which the user performed, and the change rate of the amplitude ratio d / a measured before and after exercise. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an electrocardiogram and RR interval. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an electrocardiogram and a pulse wave. (A) is a figure which shows the relationship between RR interval fluctuation | variation and the frequency component which comprises this fluctuation | variation. (B) is a diagram showing a result of a spectrum analysis of RR interval fluctuation. It is a figure which shows the original waveform of a typical pulse wave, (a) is a normal pulse, (b) is a smooth pulse, (c) is a chord. It is a figure for explaining the characteristic of the waveform of a pulse wave about one pulse of a pulse wave. It is a figure showing the waveform of a fingertip plethysmogram, (a) is a measured original waveform, (b) is a velocity pulse wave, (c) is an acceleration pulse wave. It is the figure which extracted one waveform part of the acceleration pulse wave in a fingertip plethysmogram. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an acceleration pulse wave meter according to a first related art. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state of division of an acceleration pulse wave waveform performed when categorizing a measured acceleration pulse wave in the same technology. FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an acceleration pulse wave meter according to a second conventional technique.

Explanation of reference numerals

# 1 CPU, 3 RAM, 4 pulse wave sensor, 5 acceleration sensor, 6 sensor interface, 7 display device, 8 display control circuit

Claims (1)

Pulse wave measuring means for measuring the pulse wave of the user,
Body movement measuring means for measuring the body movement of the user,
Calculation means for obtaining an index representing the state of blood circulation of the user from the waveform of the pulse wave,
The index obtained at the time when the user issues the pulse wave measurement instruction before the start of exercise, and the index obtained at the time when the user issues the pulse wave measurement instruction after the end of exercise. And evaluation means for evaluating the exercise performed by the user based on the difference between these indices;
Notifying means for notifying the user of the evaluation result of the exercise;

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