JP3170499B1 - Information recording medium, recording method and reproducing method therefor, system control unit therefor, information recording apparatus and information reproducing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide an information recording medium capable of recording real-time data on a rewritable optical disk while guaranteeing continuous reproduction, a method and an apparatus therefor. A reproduction standard model is introduced so that a reproduction apparatus can continuously reproduce real-time data data, and a real-time extent is arranged on an information recording medium using real-time reproduction conditions.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information recording medium for recording general data such as a program and real-time data including video data and audio data in sector units, a recording method and a reproducing method thereof, a system control unit therefor, and the like. The present invention relates to the information recording device and the information reproducing device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An optical disk is an information recording medium having a sector structure. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, densification, capacity, and multimedia have been advanced, and they are expected to be usable media from personal computers to consumer devices.

Hereinafter, a DVD-RAM disc will be described as an example of a conventional rewritable optical disc with reference to the drawings. FIG. 16 shows a conventional ZCLV (Zoned Con).
3 shows a physical layout of a rewritable optical disc of a (Standing Linear Velocity) format.

[0006] In FIG. 16A, a rewritable optical disk has a lead-in area from the inner periphery and a DMA (Defective Managemen) for managing defective sectors on the disk.
tArea) area, data area, and lead-out area. Digital data is recorded in each area, and the digital data is managed in units called sectors. The data area is composed of a spare area for replacing defective sectors, and areas from zone 0 to zone 34. In each zone, data is recorded in physical sector units of 2048 bytes.

As shown in FIG. 16 (b), the information area of the rewritable optical disk has a physical sector number (PSN: Physical Sector) for each physical sector from the inner circumference.
Number) is given. On the other hand, the space in which user data can be recorded is a logical sector number (LSN: Logical Sector Number) for each logical sector.
er) is defined as the volume space assigned.
In other words, the volume space is changed from the information area to the lead-in area, the DMA area, the unused area in the spare area, and the DMA area.
PDL (Primary Defective L)
This is a space excluding the guard area and the lead-out area between the defective sectors and zones, which are registered in ist). Also, in order to improve data reliability, 16 logical sectors are stored in one logical sector.
Error correction is performed as one ECC block.

Further, defective sectors detected by performing a certification process at the time of disk initialization are
L, and no logical sector number is assigned to these defective sectors. For this reason, even if the logical addresses of the sectors are continuous, there may be cases where the above-mentioned physically discontinuous areas are included. In the defective sector detected during data recording, an ECC block including the defective sector is replaced with a spare area by a linear replacement method, and the SDL (Secondary Defect) in the DMA is replaced.
List). Thus, the rewritable optical disk has a mechanism for improving data reliability.

In the case of a DVD-RAM disk having a defect management mechanism, defect management is performed by a drive.
Discs without a defect management mechanism such as D-RW
The defect management similar to the defect management using the SDL is UD
This is performed by the file system using the sparing table specified by the F standard. In the case of a CD-RW disk, an ECC block including a defective sector is replaced with a spare area set in a volume space, and this replacement information is stored in a UDF (Universal Disk Format).
t) It is managed using a sparing table specified by the standard.

Next, as an example of a conventional write-once optical disk, a 3.95 Gbytes (gigabyte) DVD defined by the DVD-R physical standard (Version 1.0) is used.
-R will be described. The volume / file structure is based on ISO / IEC 1 unless otherwise specified.
It has a data structure specified by the 3346 standard or the UDF standard.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a directory structure recorded on an optical disc.
An IME directory 202 is recorded, and audio / video data (hereinafter referred to as A
V data) is VIDEO. VRO file 203
Is recorded as A plurality of still image files recorded by a digital camera or the like are stored in FILEA. Recorded as DAT.

FIGS. 18 (a) to 18 (c) show that AV data is
IDEO. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an arrangement of extents when additional recording is performed in a VRO file. The extent here is an area in which sectors in which data are recorded are continuous.

First, when AV data is recorded, 3
After recording the 2 KB linking loss area 561, the AV data is recorded in the extent 562, and the padding area 563 in which 00h data is recorded is recorded in the sector up to the boundary of the ECC block. Here, in the case of a DVD disc, ECC (Error Correction Co.)
Since error correction using de: error correction code) is performed in units of 16 sectors, data recording is performed in units of 16 sectors. Next, a file structure related to the DVD-R disc is recorded, and when a border-out is recorded so as to be readable by a reproduction-only system, a recording area is formed after the padding area 563. Although the border-out is not shown, it has a size of about 10 MB to 100 MB.

DV in which data is sequentially recorded
In the case of a DR disc, AV data is sequentially recorded from the inner periphery of an unrecorded area remaining on the outer periphery of the disc.
18B, after recording the linking loss area 564, the AV data is recorded in the extent 565, and the sector up to the boundary of the ECC block is recorded as the padding area 566, as shown in FIG. .

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 18C, in the third write of AV data, the linking loss area 56
7, an extent 568, and a padding area 569 are recorded. As described above, the AV data is additionally written in a plurality of extents.

Next, a linking scheme for a DVD-R disc will be described with reference to FIGS. The buffer underrun occurs due to the difference between the data rate of the AV data to be recorded and the recording rate of the data on the disc. When the buffer underrun occurs, the drive temporarily suspends recording, and resumes recording after predetermined data is accumulated in the buffer. At this time, a linking loss region is formed by the linking scheme.

FIG. 19A shows that during recording of AV data,
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an arrangement of extents when an underrun of a second buffer occurs. Extents 222, 22
Reference numerals 3 and 224 denote areas where AV data is recorded, and linking loss areas 220 are areas recorded prior to recording of AV data.
Reference numeral 7 denotes an area recorded by the buffer underrun.

FIGS. 19B and 19C are diagrams showing the structure of the area in sector units.
When 0 is recorded, it starts from the middle of the first sector,
00h data is recorded until the end of the 16th sector. When the extent 222 is to be continuously recorded, the extent is recorded from the beginning of the first sector to the beginning of the next sector adjacent to the extent, and the recording operation ends once. Next, when recording the linking loss area 226, the first
Recording starts from the middle of the sector. In this way, DVD-
In R, since data is additionally written in the sector, the sector including the area connected by the linking scheme is:
Called linking sector 225.

A detailed linking scheme in the linking sector is shown in FIG. One sector is composed of 26 sync frames, 241, 242, 243 and 244 indicate areas recorded at the end when the extent 222 is recorded, and 241 and 242 indicate the sync and data portions of the first sync frame, respectively. 243 and 244 indicate a sync and a data portion of the second sync frame, respectively. The data portions 242 and 244 have a size capable of recording 91-byte and 86-byte data, respectively. Further, the area after 245 indicates an area formed in the first sector of the ECC block of the linking loss area 226 when the extent 223 is recorded, 245 indicates the data part of the second sync frame, and 246 and 247 indicate Indicates the sync in the sync frame.

Since the data to be recorded in the run-out area 228 is not determined when the extent 222 is recorded, 00h data is recorded. The area 229 from the 82nd byte to the 87th byte of the second sync frame is
This is an area that is overwritten on the previously recorded area by additional writing, and it is called a linking gap because valid data cannot be recorded in this area. As described above, the linking sector 225 including the linking gap 229 has a physical restriction that data cannot be recorded correctly. Therefore, for data requiring reliability, a 32 KB ECC block including this linking sector is defined as a linking loss area, and valid data is not recorded.

[0019]

However, when reproducing real-time data from a disk on which real-time data is recorded on an optical disk having the above-mentioned format, a physical discontinuous area formed between or within extents is required. , It was difficult to continuously reproduce the recorded real-time data.

In particular, when data is recorded in a conventional file system, a data read delay when accessing a guard area located at a zone boundary, a read delay due to a defective sector or a defective block registered in PDL or SDL, or the like. However, there has been a problem that data reproduction is interrupted due to a delay in reading data due to an access between recording areas by recording data in a plurality of free areas.

In addition, if an error occurs during the reproduction of the real-time data because the real-time file cannot be distinguished from the general file, there is a problem that a delay occurs because the part that could not be reproduced is reproduced again. there were.

Further, since there was no condition for reproducing the real-time data and no identification information indicating that the recording was performed under the condition, it was not known whether or not the recorded real-time data could be continuously reproduced.

When the recording apparatus additionally records real-time data in the already recorded real-time file, the data may be continuously reproduced between the end of the already recorded data and the start of the data to be additionally recorded. There was a problem that it could not be done.

In the case of real-time data encoded by the MPEG system, the encoding conditions are different between the end of the already recorded data and the start of the data to be added, so that the data cannot be reproduced continuously. There was a problem that.

In the case of an optical disk such as a DVD-R disk on which data is recorded by using a linking scheme, every time an underrun of the buffer occurs, 32.
A linking loss region of KB is formed. For this reason, the area where data is recorded is divided into a plurality of extents, the address information of each extent managed by the file system becomes large, and it becomes difficult to reproduce the data on a reproduction-only device having a limited memory size. There were challenges. In addition, when AV data with a low data rate is recorded, the recording efficiency of the linking loss area is increased because the recording rate of the linking loss area is increased.

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an information recording medium, a recording method and a reproducing method thereof, and an information recording apparatus and an information reproducing apparatus capable of realizing continuous reproduction of real-time data on a recordable optical disk. With the goal.

[0027]

According to the present invention, there is provided a reproducing method comprising: an information recording apparatus having a volume space for recording at least data recorded as a file and file management information for managing the file in sector units; A reproduction method for reproducing the real-time data from a medium, wherein the real-time data includes at least one of video data and audio data, and the real-time data is a logically continuous sector in the volume space. A linking loss extent in which invalid data is recorded is arranged before at least one real-time extent allocated to the real-time extent, and the real-time extent is recorded in an area already recorded by additional writing. In areas that can be overwritten on Includes linking gap that,
Determining whether the file recorded on the information recording medium is a real-time file including the real-time data; and reproducing the real-time data recorded in the real-time extent, wherein the linking is performed. Executing a continuous reproducing operation of the real-time data without performing a recovery process even if a reproducing error occurs due to invalid data recorded in the gap, thereby achieving the above object. . The information reproducing apparatus according to the present invention, from the information recording medium having a volume space for at least additionally recording data recorded as a file and file management information for managing the file in sector units, the real-time data An information reproducing apparatus for reproducing the data, wherein the real-time data includes at least one of video data and audio data, and the real-time data is assigned to at least one logically continuous sector in the volume space. Recorded in the above real-time extent, a linking loss extent in which invalid data is recorded is arranged before the real-time extent. A linking File structure processing means for determining whether the file recorded on the information recording medium is the real-time data, and a reproducing operation of the real-time data recorded in the real-time extent, A data reproducing unit that performs a continuous reproducing operation of the real-time data without performing a recovery process even if a reproducing error occurs due to invalid data recorded in the linking gap, thereby achieving the above object. Achieved.

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[0111]

The information recording medium of the present invention introduces a reproduction standard model so that the reproduction apparatus can continuously reproduce real-time data, and arranges real-time extents on the information recording medium using real-time reproduction conditions. This allows various types of playback equipment to continuously play real-time data from the information recording medium of the present invention.

Further, by setting the real-time extent for each physically continuous area, it is possible to more accurately calculate an underflow generated at the time of access.

Further, by providing an area for recording information for identifying a real-time file and a general file in the file management information area, even if an error occurs during reproduction of the real-time file, continuous reproduction can be performed more effectively. I can do it.

Further, by providing in the file management information area information indicating that the real-time extents have been arranged so as to satisfy the real-time playback conditions, a playback apparatus that meets the performance of the playback standard model can be read from the information recording medium of the present invention. It is possible to determine whether or not a real-time file can be played continuously.

Further, the information recording medium of the present invention can store real-time extents on the information recording medium using real-time playback conditions even when new real-time data is additionally recorded in a previously recorded real-time file. , The reproducing apparatus can continuously reproduce data from the head of the additionally recorded real-time file.

Even if the data to be additionally recorded is real-time data encoded by the MPEG system, the VOBU is re-encoded again and an area for recording is provided in an unrecorded area to which a new allocation is made, thereby enabling reproduction. The device can reproduce the data continuously.

The information recording medium of the present invention uses a DVD-
Even in the case of an optical disc on which data is recorded using a linking scheme such as an R disc, a linking loss
By placing the real-time extent after the extent and forming a linking gap in the real-time extent, even if the recording device records a real-time data, even if the buffer underruns, the real-time Data can be recorded. By arranging the real-time extent after the linking loss extent, the reliability of the data at the head of the real-time data can be increased.

Further, by setting the size of the linking loss extent to one ECC block, real-time
The reliability of the data at the beginning of the data can be further increased.

Further, by providing an area for recording information for identifying a linking loss extent in an area for recording physical additional information of a sector, even when the reproducing apparatus detects a linking gap. Since it is possible to recognize the sector in which unnecessary data is recorded, the design of the reproducing apparatus is facilitated.

Further, by recording valid data in the run-out area, an area where data cannot be recorded is limited to the linking gap even if the buffer underruns when the recording apparatus records real-time data. Therefore, the reliability of real-time data can be increased.

Further, according to the recording method of the present invention, it is possible to search and allocate a real-time extent for realizing continuous reproduction of real-time data by calculating the amount of data in the buffer memory at the time of reproduction.

According to the recording method of the present invention, various reproduction devices continuously reproduce real-time data by recording the real-time data after the reproduction standard model previously calculates an area where buffer overflow and underflow do not occur. Data can be recorded as much as possible.

Even when new real-time data is additionally recorded in a pre-recorded real-time file, if it is found that the playback standard model causes buffer underflow, the cause of the underflow may be determined. By copying the real-time data recorded in the unrecorded area into the unrecorded area, the data can be recorded so that the reproducing device can continuously reproduce the real-time data.

Even if the data to be additionally recorded is real-time data encoded by the MPEG system, the last VOBU of the already recorded AV data is re-encoded and recorded together with the newly added AV data. By doing so, seamless reproduction of the MPEG stream can be realized.

Further, the recording method of the present invention of the present invention can provide an appropriate recording method for an optical disc on which data is recorded by using a linking scheme. For example, M
Since PEG data has I-picture information recorded in the first sector, the data quality of the first sector greatly affects the quality of reproduced video and audio. Similarly, in the case of high-quality audio data, the data quality of the first sector affects the impression of the beginning of a song. For this reason, when real-time data is recorded, data reliability is required for the first sector.

On the other hand, the video recorded in the extent
For audio data, when comparing the loss of data and the freeze of video and audio due to access, the freeze of video and audio is easier for the user to recognize than the deterioration of the image and sound quality of the reproduced video and audio due to the loss of data . Therefore, continuous recording and continuous reproduction are required for real-time data recorded in the extent.

According to the recording method of the present invention, since the head sector can be recorded following the linking loss extent, no linking sector is formed.
Data reliability can be ensured. Further, since a linking loss extent is not formed each time the buffer underruns, real-time data can be recorded continuously.

Data that could not be recorded due to the linking gap can be easily corrected for error by ECC because the linking gap is about several bytes.

Further, even if an underrun occurs in the buffer during recording, a plurality of linking loss areas are not formed, and the recording efficiency is high. Further, the address information of each real-time extent managed by the file system can be reduced.

In the reproducing method of the present invention, the read command for general data and the read command for real-time data are switched according to the file type information. Can be continuously performed.

Further, in the information reproducing apparatus of the present invention, the data reproducing performance realized by the access performance and data reading performance of the reproducing drive and the size of the reproducing buffer memory satisfies the data reproducing performance defined by the standard reproduction model. Thereby, continuous reproduction can be realized between information reproducing apparatuses having the same performance.

[0133]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The first embodiment is an embodiment in which a new real-time file is recorded on a DVD-RAM disc. The second embodiment is a real-time file already recorded on a DVD-R disc. This is an embodiment in which new real-time data is additionally recorded in a file.

(Embodiment 1) First, as an explanation procedure, first, an area configuration of an information recording medium in which a file managed by the volume file structure defined by the ECMA167 standard shown in FIG. The reproduction standard model and the access performance shown in FIG. Next, a method for recording a real-time file on the information recording medium shown in FIG. 1 will be described using the block configuration of the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 and the flowchart shown in FIG. Finally, a method of reproducing a real-time file from the information recording medium shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the block configuration of the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 and the flowchart shown in FIG.

In the following description, the volume
Various descriptors and pointers recorded on the information recording medium as a file structure are ECM unless otherwise specified.
It is assumed that a data structure based on the A167 standard is used.

FIG. 1 is a data structure diagram showing an area configuration of an information recording medium which is a rewritable optical disk according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an information area composed of physical sectors includes a lead-in area 101, a DMA area 102, and zones 0 to 34 and a lead-out area 126, although all zones are not shown. At the head of zone 0, a spare area 103 for alternately recording a defective sector or defective block is arranged, and a volume space is formed from the subsequent areas. From the beginning of this volume space, a volume structure area 1 for recording a volume structure for logically handling the information recording medium.
04, file structure area 10 in which file structure is recorded
5 are formed.

The allocated areas 106, 110, 120, 1
21, 122, and 125 are areas in which data has already been recorded, and guard areas 10 in which no user data is recorded between zone 0 and zone 1 and between zone 1 and zone 2.
7 and 109 are formed. Although not shown, the allocated areas 120, 122 and 125 include guard areas formed at the boundaries of the zones. In zone 1, real-time extents RT ₁ and RT ₂ in which real-time data is recorded are formed with a defective block 108 interposed therebetween. The defective block 108 is a defective block detected during recording of general data, and data is recorded in the spare area 103 as a substitute. Zone 2 has real-time extents RT ₃ and RT ₄ formed therein, and zone 3 has a pre-allocated area A ₅ and real-time extent RT ₅ formed therein.

[0139] the zone 7, the unrecorded area 124 and the real-time extent RT ₆ and an empty extent 123 are formed. As will be described later, the real-time extents RT ₁ to RT ₆ are arranged so as to satisfy the conditions specified by the reproduction standard model having a predetermined access performance. Also, the pre-allocated area A _5, for continuous reproduction of data is interrupted in the case of recording real time data in this area, real-time data is not recorded in this area. In the file structure area 105, a space bitmap 141 for managing a recordable unallocated area in the volume space and management information of a file having a directory structure shown in FIG. 17 are recorded.

The file entry 142 is management information for managing the position information and the attribute information of the root directory 201. The root directory file is composed of file identification descriptors 143 and 144. The file identification descriptors 143 and 144 respectively correspond to the root directory 20.
1 created under FILEA. DAT file 204
And the position information of the file entries 145 and 146 of the REALTIME directory 202. The file entry 145 has the position information of the allocated area 106 in which the data of this file is recorded. The file entry 146 has the location information of the REALTIME directory file composed of the file identification descriptor 147. The file identification descriptor 147 includes the VIDEO.ID file created under the REALTIME directory 202. VRO
It has the position information of the file entry 148 of the file 203. The file entry 148 contains the real-time extents RT ₁ to R
It has position information of T ₆ and the empty extent 123.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a reproduction standard model for determining the arrangement conditions of real-time data and its access performance in one embodiment of the present invention. The reproduction standard model shown in FIG. 2A includes a disk 301, a pickup 302 for reading data from the disk, a buffer memory 303 for temporarily storing the read data, and a buffer memory 3
And a decryption module 304 for decrypting the data transferred from C.03. Vin is a data rate when data is transferred from the disk 301 to the buffer memory 303. Vout is a data rate when data is transferred from the buffer memory 303 to the decoding module 304. Further, Vin is set to a value larger than the maximum data rate Vout of real-time data assumed by the application.

FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the relationship between the access distance and the access time when the pickup 302 of the reproduction standard model accesses. ip (x) is a function indicating an integer part of x. When n = ip (TI / TS), skip access in units of a single sector wait time TS is applied when accessing up to n sectors. A fixed time TZ is applied to access across a zone boundary, and a fixed time TI is applied to access to an arbitrary position in the same zone. Access to any location in the adjacent zone is T
N = (2TI + TZ) applies. For access to an arbitrary position in a zone separated by two or more, a fixed value TL is applied as a full stroke access time from the innermost circumference to the outermost circumference.

This reproduction standard model is created for the purpose of determining the conditions under which various types of reproducers can continuously reproduce even if they reproduce real-time data on an optical disk. For this reason, the specific form of access performance and the access time determined in FIG. 2B are determined from the access times that can be implemented by various playback devices that are assumed to play this optical disc. For example, when comparing a computer drive with a consumer portable player, the access time of the consumer portable player that requires power saving operation is longer. In such a case, the access performance determined in FIG. 2B is adapted to the access time of the consumer portable player.

In the standard reproduction model, when data is read, data is accumulated in the buffer memory at the rate of Vin-Vout. When the pickup accesses, the data cannot be read.
The data in the buffer is consumed at the rate of ut. For this operation model, the transition of the data amount in the buffer memory 303 when the reproduction standard model reproduces the real-time data can be quantitatively calculated using the specific access time value. Therefore, when the reproduction standard model reproduces the real-time data, the buffer memory 3
If the data recording area is arranged so that the data in 03 does not underflow, real-time data can be continuously reproduced. This modeling defines the arrangement conditions of the real-time extent in which the real-time data is recorded.

Next, a method of recording a real-time file on the information recording medium shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the block configuration and flowchart of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. . The information recording / reproducing apparatus includes a system control unit 701, an I / O bus 706, an optical disk drive 707, input means 708 for recording mode and the like,
A tuner 710 for receiving TV broadcasts, an encoder 709 for encoding video / audio signals into audio / video data (hereinafter referred to as AV data), and decoding AV data to T
A decoder 711 for outputting to V712. The system control unit 701 includes a recording mode setting unit 702, an allocation parameter memory 703, a file system processing unit 7
04, a file system processing memory 705.
The file system processing unit 704 includes a reproduction mode notification unit 741, a data amount calculation unit 742, a time information calculation unit 743, an unallocated area search unit 744, a physical discontinuous position acquisition unit 745, a file structure processing unit 746, and a data recording unit. 747, and data reading means 748.
The file system processing memory 705 used by these means includes an empty extent memory 751,
Time information memory 752, pre-allocated area memory 75
3, a memory 754 for a physical discontinuous position, a memory 755 for a file structure, a memory 756 for a bit map, and a buffer memory 757 for data.

Note that the access performance of the optical disk drive 707, the recording rate at the time of data recording, and the data recording performance realized by the size of the data buffer memory 757 satisfy the recording performance realized when the standard reproduction model is used for recording. ing.

The recording mode and the recording time are specified by input means 708 such as a remote controller, a mouse and a keyboard.
The recording mode determining means 702 first determines whether or not the data to be recorded is AV data, and executes the following steps if the data is AV data. The recording mode determining means 702 includes a Vout that sets this value as a fixed value, a reading rate Vin from the disk, and a size S of data to be recorded so that recording can be performed even if the maximum data rate of the data to be recorded is continuous.
R, a buffer size Bmax, and various access times are determined and stored in the allocation parameter memory 703. Here, for the real-time data recorded on the DVD-RAM disk, a predetermined fixed value is used as the read rate Vi in order to clarify the conditions of a device capable of reproducing.
n and the buffer size Bmax are already stored in the allocation parameter memory 703. In addition, a plurality of combinations of these fixed values are set in accordance with the speeding up of the read drive. The read rate Vin depends on the data to be recorded, and the user can specify the maximum data rate of the data to be recorded. For example, when recording in the high image quality mode, the read rate Vin is set to a large value, and when recording in the long time mode, a small value is set. (Step S801) The file structure processing means 746 checks the volume structure area 1
04 and the file structure area 105 are instructed to the data reading means 748, and the data read from the optical disk drive 707 is stored in the file structure memory 7
Analyzed on 55. The space bit map of the read data is transferred to the bit map memory 756. The physical discontinuity position acquiring means 745 is configured to report the position information of the zone boundary and the position information of the defective sector or the defective block registered in the PDL and SDL as the physical discontinuous position information on the disk.
To instruct. The physical discontinuous position information reported from the optical disk drive 707 is held in the physical discontinuous position memory 754.

The unallocated area search means 744 uses the position information of the unallocated area held in the bitmap memory 756 and the physical discontinuous position information held in the physical discontinuous position memory 754, An unallocated area physically continuous in ECC block units is searched for as a pre-allocated area. The retrieved position information of the pre-allocated area is stored in the pre-allocated area memory 753. This search operation is performed until the total size of the pre-allocated area sufficiently exceeds the size SR of the data to be recorded determined in step S801. By doing so, even if an area that cannot be allocated is found in the subsequent steps, it is not necessary to execute this step again.

FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the arrangement of the pre-allocated areas searched in this step. From pre-allocated area A ₁ to A ₇ it is allocated. In order to secure the pre-allocated area, the file structure processing unit 746 updates the pre-allocated area in the bit map on the bit map memory 756 to be allocated.

Here, of the recordable areas searched by the space bitmap, areas other than the area registered in the SDL are logically continuous recordable areas. This is because, in the area registered in the SDL, data is actually recorded in the spare area instead. In addition, these logically continuous areas are defined as guard areas and P
By dividing at the boundary of the area registered in the DL, a physically continuous area can be determined. The reason for searching for a physically continuous area is to more accurately calculate the transition of the amount of data in the buffer calculated in the subsequent steps.

Reason for searching in units of ECC blocks
Is a combination of real-time data and one ECC block.
When general data is recorded, defect management
This is to prevent real-time data from being replaced.
(Step S802) The time information calculation means 743 stores the pre-allocated area memory 75
3 and the allocation information of the pre-allocated area
Various access times stored in meter memory 703
To read each pre-allocated area at the data rate Vin.
Read time TR_i(I is the advance shown in FIG.
Area number A of allocation area_iAnd pre-assigned
Access time T between areas_{i, i + 1}(The advance shown in FIG. 5 (a)
Assignment area A _iAnd A_{i + 1}Calculate the access time between).
Here, the size of each pre-allocated area is set to S_iRead as
The time TRi is S_i/ Vin.

In FIG. 5A, read time TR₁Or
Ra TR₇Are the pre-allocated areas A ₁From A₇Read
It is time. The access times T1 and T2 correspond to the defect EC.
Read delay time by C block, 16 TS
You. T_2,3, T_3,4, T_4,5, T_{Five , 6}, T_6,7Is
Access time TZ at the zone boundary,
Time TI, adjacent zone access time TN,
An access time TI and a long access time TL. This
These access times are based on the playback standard model shown in FIG.
Required from the access performance of the Reproduction standard model,
Calculate the state when data is reproduced from the pre-allocated area
The read time of each pre-allocated area and the next pre-allocated
The access time to the area is calculated alternately. (Step
S803) Next, the data amount calculation means 742 sets the time information memory 7
52 using the read time and access time held in
The arithmetic processing from steps S804 to S813 is performed. Thing
The data in the buffer memory at the end of reading the previous allocation area
Calculate the amount of data. Figure 6 shows the data in the pre-allocated area.
The change in the amount of data in the buffer memory when
It is a thing. Pre-allocated area A₁Time after reading
t₁, The data amount is TR₁(Vin-Vou
It increases at the data rate of t). (Step S80
4) Since the buffer memory of the actual player is finite,
It is necessary to consider the operation at the upper limit of the size. this
Therefore, the calculated data amount exceeds the buffer size Bmax
Check if you can get it. (Step S805) If no overflow occurs, then the pre-allocation calculated
The total size of the area is determined in advance in step S801.
Sufficiently exceeds the set data size SR to be recorded
Check whether or not. Pre-allocation of sufficient recordable area
By assigning it as an attached area,
Recording avoiding areas where data cannot be recorded due to scratches, scratches, etc.
However, the recordable area does not become insufficient. (Step
Step S807) The calculated total size of the pre-allocated area does not exceed SR.
Next, if the calculated data amount is equal to the allocation level BL
(= Vout × TL)
You. If the amount of data in the buffer exceeds BL,
Access any area on the disk from the end of the pre-allocated area.
No underflow occurs even if others
Therefore, from the first pre-allocated area to this pre-allocated area,
It is determined as an area that does not cause underflow, and this
These areas are capable of recording real-time data.
Register as an extent. After doing this,
Step can be made more efficient. For example, under
-When searching for an area attributable to the flow,
You can search except the area registered as a stent
You. (Step S809) Next, in the buffer memory at the start of reading of the pre-allocated area
Calculate the data volume of Pre-allocation area A in FIG._TwoRead
Time t before serving_Two, The data amount is T_{1, 2}V during
It decreases at the out data rate. (Step S81
1) Check whether the calculated data amount is not negative
You. If the data amount becomes negative, this access
Causes the buffer to underflow,
Data is interrupted. (Step S81
2) If not negative, go to the top of step S804
go. In FIG. 6, the pre-allocated area A_TwoFrom A_FourUp to
Calculated by repeating steps S804 to S812
Is done.

[0153] In step S805, the data overflows at the rear of the pre-allocated area A _4, as shown in FIG. In this case, the optical disc drive 707 in order to avoid overflow to temporarily suspend the data reproducing operation, and adds a minimum rotational latency TR _4. Therefore, the data amount calculated assuming that the data has decreased at the data rate Vout during k × TK is corrected. Here, TK is the rotation waiting time at the outermost circumference, and the data amount at the time of overflow is B (t), and k is
k = ip ((B (t) -Bmax) / (Vout × T
K) +1). Here, ip (x) is a function indicating an integer part of x. In order to simplify the calculation, in the correction of the data amount, the data amount at the time of overflow may be set to Bmax. However, in this case, the accuracy of the calculation is reduced. In (step S806) a time t _7, the data amount exceeds the allocation level BL, the assignment from pre-allocated area A ₁ as shown in FIG. 5 (a) the A ₄ as E ₄ from the empty extents E _1, Empty The position information is stored in the extent memory 751. (Step S810) FIG. 6, the data amount calculation results in the case of reading the A ₇ from the pre-allocated areas A ₅ are, shown in dotted lines. Time t
_{At 12} , the data underflows. In this case, the pre-allocated area that most contributes to the underflow is excluded from the allocation targets, and the process proceeds to the beginning of step S811. Most pre-allocated area contributing to underflow can be determined by the following D _i. D _i is the amount of decrease in data that is reduced until the head of the pre-allocated area A _i is accessed and data is read from this area, and this decrease is calculated for each pre-allocated area. The pre-allocated area where the amount of reduction is the largest is the pre-allocated area that contributes the most to the data underflow.

Specifically, D shown in FIG._Five, D₆, D₇To
Calculate and D_FiveIs the largest, the pre-allocated area A_FiveDivide
Exclude from the list. That is, in FIG.
And pre-allocated area A₆, A₇To A_Five*, A₆*age
To update the area number. 4 and 5 (b).
Pre-allocated area A as shown_FourAnd A_Five* Access time T between
_4,5* Is calculated and the read time TR₆, TR₇To T
R_Five*, TR₆* And access time T_6,7To T_5,6* Tosu
You. This method is used to determine whether the size of the pre-allocated area is small.
Access in comparison to the method of removing from the calculation.
Calculation efficiency is high. Also, the largest decrease is
When underflow occurs even if the
In other words, the area with the next largest decrease is deleted from the calculation.
Repeat the procedure. (Step S813) Next, T_4,5Restart the calculation of step S811 from *
You. Pre-allocated area A₆Calculate increase in data volume for *
After recording, the total size of the pre-allocated area is recorded.
Pre-allocated area to be larger than power data size SR
A_Five*, A₆* Indicates each empty extent
E_Five, E₆Allocated as empty extent for notes
The location information is stored in the file 751, and the process proceeds to step S814.
go. In the steps up to this point, the real-time data
A recordable area is required. (Step S808) The assigned empty extent is stored in real-time data.
To indicate that they have been pre-assigned for
For example, the file structure processing means 746
VIDEO. VRO file
Create a file entry for it and record it on disk
To the data recording means 747. And this file
The file entry is downloaded by the optical disk drive 707.
Recorded on disk. System control unit has multiple files
If you are recording your work in a multitasking environment,
The steps from S802 to S813 are one process.
To be executed before other tasks, and
Petite Extents are placed on the optical disk in this step
be registered. By doing this, in a multitasking environment
Also incorrectly calculates the general number of empty extents
File data can be prevented from being recorded. (S
Step S814) The video and audio signals input from the tuner 710 are encoded.
Code to the AV data using the variable length compression method
And transferred to the data buffer memory 757.
Sent. File structure processing means 746 already allocated
Record AV data in empty extents
To the data recording means 747, and the AV data is
It is recorded in such a way that no alternative recording to the area is performed. Day
Access to the optical disk drive 707 and
And data recording performance and data buffer memory 757 support
Data recording performance realized by
Satisfies the recording performance achieved when using
Therefore, the data buffer memory 757 is
Does not overflow.

[0155] respectively at E ₅ is from 5 empty extents E ₁ that is recorded as shown in (c) from the real-time extents RT ₁ to RT _5. Since the empty extents are allocated using a fixed value data rate Vout that can support the highest sound quality and image quality,
When the recording of the AV data is completed, a part of the area is left unused. That is, the empty extent E
Of _6, the recording area of the data is a real-time extent RT _6, E at the end of the AV data to be recorded
If AV data is not recorded in a part of the CC block,
This area is defined as an empty extent 123, and the EC
An area where AV data is not recorded in C block units is an unrecorded area 124. (Step S815) file structure processing section 746 non-recording areas 124 to open as a recordable area, and updates the data on the bit map memory 756, real-time extent RT ₁ from RT ₆ and an empty extent 123
VIDEO. A file entry of the VRO file is created on the file structure memory 755.
The data recording means 747 instructs the optical disc drive 707 to record the space bitmap and the file entry at predetermined positions, and the space bitmap 141 and the file entry 148 shown in FIG. 1 are recorded. (Step S816) As described above, in step S801, predetermined parameters are set based on an instruction from the user, and
In step 802, information on a discontinuous area on the optical disk is obtained from the optical disk drive, and in steps S803 to S814, an empty extent is determined as an area where continuous data can be reproduced. Can be implemented independently. Therefore, the recording method of the present invention can be easily realized even in a computer system in which an application is separated from a control system including an optical disk drive and an OS. Since the above steps S803 to S814 and S816 can be realized by an OS standard file system driver, recording of general files and real-time files can be handled by the OS standard file system driver.
It also facilitates the development of application software for recording and editing video data.

Next, the features of the information recording medium of the present invention will be described using the reproduction standard model shown in FIG. 2A and the arrangement of the real-time extent shown in FIG. 5C.
The real-time extent is constituted by a logically and physically continuous area so that a reduction in the amount of data in the buffer memory due to access by the pickup of the optical disk drive can be calculated.

The data size of the i-th real-time extent is S (i), and the time for the pickup of the reproduction standard model to access the head of the (i + 1) -th real-time extent from the end of the i-th real-time extent is T ( Assuming that i), the increase amount of data accumulated in the buffer memory when the reproduction standard model reads data from the i-th real-time extent is D (i) = (Vin−Vout) × S
(I) / Vin, and the amount of data consumed from the buffer memory when the reproduction standard model accesses the head of the (i + 1) -th real-time extent from the end of the i-th real-time extent is −Vout ×
T (i).

Therefore, assuming that B (0) = 0, the data stored in the buffer memory when the reproduction standard model accesses the beginning of the (i + 1) -th real-time extent from the end of the i-th real-time extent. The quantity is B (i) = B (i-1) + D (i) -Vou
t × T (i).

Since the i-th real-time extent recorded by using the above recording method is arranged so as not to cause an overflow of the buffer, the following correction is made to D (i) as an overflow condition. When D (i)> Bmax−B (i−1), D (i) = Bmax−B (i−1) or D (i) = (Vin−Vout) × S (i) / Vin +
B (i−1) −k × (Vout × Tk), where k is ((D (i) + B (i−1) −Bmax)
/ (Vout × Tk) +1).

The (i + 1) -th real-time extent is arranged at a position that satisfies T (i) ≦ (B (i−1) + D (i)) / Vout so that buffer underflow does not occur as a real-time reproduction condition. ing.

That is, since the real-time extents RT ₁ to RT ₆ in FIG. 5C are arranged so as to satisfy the above-described real-time reproduction conditions, an actual reproduction apparatus that satisfies the performance of the standard reproduction model can be used in this real-time extent.・
When data is reproduced from the extent, video and audio can be reproduced continuously.

In steps S804 to S814, when it is determined whether the (i + 1) th pre-allocated area can be allocated, the determination can be made easily by using the above-described real-time reproduction condition.

The attribute information of the present invention registered in the file entry of the real-time file recorded in step S816 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
(A) is a figure showing the data structure of the file entry of a real-time file. Descriptor tag indicating that this descriptor is a file entry from the beginning of the file entry, byte position (Byte Position:
BP) 16 is an ICB tag in which the attribute information of the real-time file is recorded, BP 56 is the information length of the file body for identifying the file body and the back of the file,
When the extended attribute information becomes too large to be recorded in the file entry, the length of the extended attribute recorded in the BP 176 in the extended attribute ICB, BP 168 specifying the position information for recording in a predetermined area ( = L_E
A), the length of the allocation descriptor indicating the total length of the allocation descriptor recorded after BP L_EA in BP 172, BP1
In 76, an extended attribute and an allocation descriptor are recorded after L_EA of BP.

After L_EA of BP, real-time
With extents RT ₁ is short allocation descriptor RT ₆ and an empty extent 123 are recorded, real-time extents and empty extents are relative byte position of the short allocation descriptors (Relativ
e Byte Position (RBP) is identified by the upper two bits 0 and 1 of the extent length recorded in 0, respectively. Furthermore, RT ₆ from real-time extent RT ₁ was recorded as a file body, empty extent 123 is recorded as a file the rear.

In the RBP 11 of the ICB tag recorded in the file entry of the real-time file, a value of 249 is recorded as the file type to indicate that the file indicated by this file entry is a real-time file. Based on this file type, it is determined whether or not real-time data that requires continuous reproduction is recorded in this file. Bit 4 of the flag field of the RBP 18 is a bit indicating that relocation is impossible. This bit is set to ONE to indicate that the real-time extent is allocated so that the file satisfies the real-time reproduction conditions of the present invention. You. This bit is set to ZE if the real-time file was copied without considering the real-time playback conditions.
Reset to RO. Therefore, it is possible to clearly indicate that the arrangement relationship of the real-time extent is broken. Also, by using this bit, a utility such as defragmentation can be prevented from arbitrarily changing the arrangement of the real-time file.

As the extended attribute of allocation recorded in the file entry of the real-time file, a parameter when each extent of the real-time file is allocated is recorded. That is, RBP0 has the data rate Vi
n, RBP2 record a data rate Vout, RBP4 record a buffer memory size, RBP6 record an access type for identifying each type of access performance, and RBP8 and thereafter record an access time. In the case of the access performance of this embodiment, 1 is set as the access type, and TZ, TI, and TL are set as the access times Ta, Tb, and Tc, respectively.
Is recorded. Further, the DV described in Embodiment 2
In the case of the DR access performance, 2 is set as the access type.

Next, a method for reproducing real-time data from the information recording medium shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the block configuration and flowchart of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, respectively. explain. The optical disk drive 707 satisfies the access performance of the standard reproduction model and has a performance capable of reading data at a predetermined data rate Vin. The data buffer memory 757
Has a size equal to or larger than the buffer memory 303 of the standard reproduction model, and the information recording / reproducing apparatus satisfies the performance specified by the standard reproduction model.

When the access performance of the information recording / reproducing apparatus can be accessed faster than the access performance of the standard reproduction model, the size of the data buffer memory 757 should be smaller than the size of the buffer memory of the standard reproduction model. Can be done.

The file structure processing means 746 instructs the data reading means 748 to read the volume structure area 104 and the file structure area 105, and the data read from the optical disk drive 707 is read to the file structure memory 755. Is analyzed. The position information and the attribute information of the real-time extent among the read data are stored in the file structure memory 755. (Step S901).

[0170] The file structure processing means 746 is
Based on the file type recorded in the ICB tag shown in (a), whether this file is a real-time file is determined, and it is recognized from the non-relocation flag that the real-time extent is allocated to satisfy the real-time reproduction condition. (Step S902).

In the case of a real-time file, the playback mode notifying means 741 sends the allocation parameter recorded in the extended attribute in the file entry to the optical disk drive 707.
Notify. Thereby, the optical disk drive 707 can determine whether or not the real-time file can be reproduced (step S903).

The data reading means 748 sends a reproduction command for real-time data to the optical disk drive 707.
(Step S904).

The optical disk drive 707 reads data from the real-time extent according to the issued reproduction command. In the reproduction operation from the real-time extent, the position information information of the defective sector recorded as a substitute is ignored, and even if an error occurs during the data reproduction operation, the continuous data reproduction operation is performed without performing the recovery processing. I do. The read data is temporarily transferred to the data buffer memory 757, and the video and audio are reproduced on the TV via the decoder 711 defined as the decoding module in the reproduction standard model (step S905).

If the file is a general file, the data reading means 748 issues a reproduction command for general data to the optical disk drive (step S90).
6).

The optical disk drive 707 reads data according to the issued general data reproduction command. The read data is temporarily transferred to the data buffer memory 757 (step S90).
7).

As described above, since the information recording / reproducing apparatus satisfies the performance specified by the standard reproduction model, it can continuously reproduce data from real-time extents arranged so as to satisfy the real-time reproducing conditions.

Although the present embodiment has been described using an optical disk of the ZCLV format, the present invention is also applicable to a DVD-RW disk or a hard disk in which a system control unit performs defect management processing. In the case of a DVD-RW, defect management is performed by a file system, and position information of a sector to be replaced with a spare area is managed by a sparing table. For this reason, in step S802, a logically and physically continuous unallocated area can be searched from the space bitmap.

In this embodiment, the file structure area is described as a single continuous area. However, the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if each descriptor is recorded in a distributed manner on a disk.

(Embodiment 2) In Embodiment 2, the DV
An example in which new real-time data is additionally recorded in a real-time file already recorded on a DR disc will be described. As a description procedure, first, the block configuration of the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 9, the reproduction standard model and the access performance in this apparatus were described with reference to FIG. 10, and the area configuration diagram shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. As an example, the transition of the amount of data in the buffer during playback
A recording method in the case where data is additionally recorded in a real-time file will be described with reference to the recording method flowchart shown in FIG. Next, a linking scheme for recording AV data will be described with reference to FIG. Further, the data structure on the optical disk will be described focusing on file management information, and then the reproduction procedure will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a block structure of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. , A tuner 810 for receiving TV broadcasts, an encoder 809 for encoding video / audio signals into AV data, and a decoder 811 for decoding AV data and outputting it to the TV 812. In FIG. 9, in the case of a personal computer, each unit of the system control unit 801 may be realized by a main CPU, and each memory is described for each application, but may be realized on one memory circuit. . In a video recorder in which the system control unit 801 and the optical disk drive 807 are integrated, the system control unit 801 and the optical disk drive 807
May be realized by one CPU.

The system control unit 801 includes a recording mode setting unit 802, an allocation parameter memory 803, a VOB
It comprises a U re-encoding means 821, a VOBU memory 822 for re-encoding the VOBU, a file system processing means 804, and a file system processing memory 805. In the PC system, the recording mode setting unit 802 and the VOBU re-encoding unit 821 may be realized by application software, and the file system processing unit 804 may be realized by a file system driver standard for the OS.

The file system processing means 804 includes an unrecorded area check means 8 including a linking scheme and a linking setting means 842 for designating a data recording start position.
41, time information calculating means 843 for calculating time information relating to extent reading and access, and a final access check for calculating the presence / absence of a buffer underflow in access to a data recordable area set in an unrecorded area A data amount calculating unit 844 including a unit 845, a file structure processing unit 846, and a data copying unit 848 for copying data that has already been recorded to an unrecorded area when a buffer underflow occurs.
And a data reading unit 849 including a reproduction mode notifying unit 850 for switching the reproduction mode between AV data and non-AV data for reproduction. The file system processing memory 805 used by these means includes a file structure memory 851 and a data memory 852 also used as a buffer memory.

An optical disk drive 807 includes a data memory 871 for temporarily storing data to be recorded / reproduced, a run-out control unit 872 for controlling data to be recorded in a run-out area, and a linking control unit for controlling additional writing of data in a linking scheme. 873, a data recording unit 874 for controlling data recording, and a data reproducing unit 875 for controlling data reproduction. The data recording performance realized by the access performance and data recording rate performance of the optical disk drive 807 and the size of the data buffer memory 852 sufficiently satisfies the recording performance realized when the standard reproduction model is used for recording.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a reproduction standard model for determining the arrangement condition of AV data and its access performance according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reproduction standard model shown in FIG. 10A is the same model as the reproduction standard model described in the first embodiment. Here, the buffer memory 30
3. The composite module 304 is realized by the data memory 852 and the decoder 811 in the recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 10B shows a reproduction standard model.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between an access distance and an access time when a pickup 302 accesses a DVD-R disc. DVD described in FIG. 2B of the first embodiment
-Different from the access time for the RAM disk. This is because the playback device access performance differs depending on the physical configuration of the disk. The actual access performance is shown by a curve, but for simplicity, it is divided into four accesses: skip access, short access, middle access, and long access according to the access distance. E
Access at the CC block level is defined as skip access.

Next, the recording method will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 11, using the area configuration diagrams shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 and the transition of the data amount in the buffer as an example. In the following example, a method of additionally recording AV data in a real-time file composed of already recorded real-time extents RT ₁ and RT ₂ will be described. In order to allow the AV data to be added and the already recorded AV data to be seamlessly reproduced, a real-time extent is allocated under the conditions of the real-time reproduction described in the first embodiment.

The recording mode and the recording time are instructed by input means 808 such as a remote controller, a mouse, a keyboard, and the like.
It is determined whether the data is V data or not, and the maximum data rate Vout,
The read rate Vin from the disk, the size SR of the data to be recorded, the buffer size Bmax, and various access times are determined and stored in the allocation parameter memory 803. (Step S401: Determination of Recording Parameter) The unrecorded area check unit 841 determines the size of the unrecorded area 553 shown in FIG.
And confirm that this size is sufficiently larger than the size SR (= Vout × recording time) of data to be recorded. After the AV data, the file entry of the real-time file to be updated and the VAT IC
File management information such as B and VAT is recorded together with a 32 KB linking loss extent. For example, when closing the disc, border-out is further recorded. Therefore, a sufficient data recordable area is required for the AV data to be recorded.

Also, the end of the real-time file,
The VOBU re-encoding means 821 reads the last video object unit (VOBU) of the last real-time extent in order to realize seamless playback between the beginnings of the AV data to be added. And
The last VOBU is re-encoded using the encoder 809 in order to record it in an unrecorded area together with new AV data. At this time, the re-encoded VOBU is
It is held in the BU memory 822.

[0189] Here, the video object unit (VOBU) is a plurality of GOPs (Group of Pictures) of AV data compressed by the MPEG system.
s) is MPEG data. In the MPEG data, since the video information and the audio information are recorded with a constant offset in time, when the AV data to be additionally recorded is to be reproduced seamlessly, the offset must be retained and recorded. Therefore, the final VOBU is read out, re-encoded together with newly recorded AV data, and recorded again in the unrecorded area.

The file structure processing means 846 instructs the data reading means 849 to read a volume structure area and a file structure area to be described later, and analyzes the data read from the optical disk drive 807 on the file structure memory 851. Then, the positions of all real-time extents RT ₁ and RT ₂ of the real-time file are known. At this time, the real-time extent RT _i excluding the last extent is the pre-allocated area A
_i (i = 1 to n-1): assigned as n = 2 in FIG. 13 and the last real-time extent RT
_n allocates a region excluding the read VOBU as pre-allocated area A _n. Also, linking setting means 84
2 sets a linking loss extent 555 to be described later of the unrecorded area, and sets the remaining area to the pre-allocated area A _{n + 1}
Assign as

In FIG. 13A, the linking loss
The extent 551 and the empty extent E ₁ are areas formed when the real-time extent RT ₁ is recorded. Similarly, the linking loss extent 552 and the empty extent E ₂ are formed when the real-time extent RT ₂ is recorded. Area. An empty extent is an area from a sector where data is recorded to a boundary of an ECC block.
The area where the read VOBU is recorded is indicated by 554, the linking loss extent set in the unrecorded area 553 is indicated by 555, and the pre-allocated areas allocated in this step are A ₁ and A _2. , represented by A _3.
(Step S402: Check of unrecorded area) The time information calculation unit 843 uses the positional information of the pre-allocated area and various access times stored in the allocation parameter memory 803, except for the last area, The read time TR _i (i corresponds to the area number A _i of the pre-allocated area) when reading the pre-allocated area at the data rate Vin, and the access time T between the pre-allocated areas.
_{i, i + 1} (the access time between the pre-allocated areas A _i and A _{i + 1} ) is calculated. In FIG. 13B, the read time T
Each TR ₂ from R ₁ is the time to read the A ₂ from the previous allocation area A _1. The access time T _m, as the access time _n from the pre-allocated area A _m end to the beginning of A _n, the access time T _{1, 2,} T _2,3, respectively, FIG. 10
It is calculated using the access performance shown in (b).
(Step S403: Calculation of Read Time Information and Access Time Information) Next, the data amount calculation means 844 uses the read time and access time obtained in step S403 to perform step S404 on the recorded pre-allocated area. To S41
The arithmetic processing up to 4 is performed. FIG. 12 shows the calculation result of the amount of data in the buffer that is changed by reading and accessing each pre-allocated area (calculation of the amount of data in the buffer for each recording area).

First, t _2i-2 and t _2i-1 are respectively _assigned to the area A _i
As the start time and end time for reading data from
Against An from pre-allocated area A ₁ to V data is recorded, calculating the data amount B in the buffer memory (t) by the following steps (step S404). The amount of data in the buffer memory at the start of reading the area A _i is calculated by the following equation.

[0193] B (0) = 0: (when _{A 1) B (t 2i-} 2) = B (t 2i-3) - (Vout ×
T _i−1,1 ): (after A ₂ ) (Step S 405) The data amount in the buffer memory at the end of the reading of the area A _i is calculated by the following equation.

B (t _2i-1 ) = B (t _2i-2 ) + (Vin
−Vout) × TR _i (step S406) Next, it is checked whether the calculated data amount exceeds the buffer size Bmax.

If no overflow occurs, the area being calculated is moved to the next area (step S409), and the flow returns to step S404. (Step S407) If an overflow occurs, the optical disk drive 807 temporarily suspends the data reproducing operation in order to avoid the overflow, and adds a necessary minimum rotation waiting time. Therefore, the data amount calculated assuming that the data has decreased at the data rate Vout during k × TK is corrected. Note that TK is a rotation waiting time at the outermost periphery, and k is k = i, where B (t) is the data amount at the time of overflow.
p ((B (t) -Bmax) / (Vout × TK) +
It is represented by 1). Then, the calculation area is moved to the next area (step S409), and the process returns to step S404 (step S408).

At time t ₁ shown in FIG. 12, the data amount is corrected due to data overflow.

Next, final access check means 845
Calculates the amount of data in the buffer memory at the start of reading in the pre-allocated area A _{n + 1} set in the unrecorded area using steps S410 to S414 (in the buffer at the beginning of the final pre-allocated area) Calculation of data volume). First, this data amount is calculated by the following equation.

B (t _2n ) = B (t _2n−1 ) − (VoutxT _{n, n−1} ) (Step S 410) At this time, an underflow of data is checked. If no underflow occurs, the process proceeds to step S415 (step S411).

When an underflow occurs, access is made to the last pre-allocated area while excluding the pre-allocated area from the outer circumference to the inner circumference of the disc one by one until the area where the underflow does not occur is found. The pre-allocated area in which the data amount becomes 0 or more is searched as follows.

For i = 1 to n−1 ｛B (t_2n) = B (t_2n-1-2i)-(VoutxT_{n-1, n + 1}) B (t_2n) Is 0 or more, A_{n + 1}A_nj* (J = i-1), T_{n-1, n + 1}To T_{n-1, n-i + 1}Go to step S415 as * (steps S412, 413, 414) In FIGS. 13 and 12C, the time t_FourDay
Pre-allocated area A
_TwoIs excluded from this operation, and a new T_1,3To T _1,2*When
A_ThreeA_Two* Pre-allocated area A₁A from the end of_Two
The amount of data after access up to the head of * is calculated.
Pre-allocated area A_TwoExcludes the underflow
Do not live.

Next, the data copying means 848 copies the data recorded in the pre-allocated area A ₂ excluded from the above calculation to the pre-allocated area A ₂ * following the linking loss extent 555, and records the data. Means 847 is
Following the pre-allocated area data recorded on the A _2, the AV data to be added and the VOBU re-encoded is recorded.
In FIG. 12 (d), the area linking loss extent, the data recorded in the area A ₂ is copied,
The area where the re-encoded VOBU is recorded and the area where new data are recorded are 557, 558 and 5 respectively.
These areas are indicated by 59 and become real-time extents RT ₂ * (step S415: recording of real-time data).

When data is recorded on a DVD-R disc, the file is recorded using the VAT defined in the UDF.
6 (step S416: update of file structure).

Thus, the arrangement of the recorded real-time extents satisfies the conditions for real-time reproduction described in the first embodiment.

Next, recording of a real-time extent will be described by taking the linking data structure shown in FIG. 14 as an example. The linking setting means 842 sets the linking loss extent 210 of 32 KB and records AV data. Linking Loss Extent 210
Is composed of one ECC block in which 00h is recorded in all sectors, and the first sector is a linking sector. Since the linking loss extent 210 and the real-time extent 211 are recorded successively, no linking gap is formed at this boundary. Therefore, the reliability of data in the first sector does not decrease.

Next, the underrun of the buffer is
A recording method when an error occurs between 2 and 213 will be described. The sector 215 is a linking sector, and the detailed data structure related to the sync frame is shown in FIG. 251, 252, 253, and 254 are areas recorded at the end when the area 212 is recorded.
Reference numerals 1 and 252 denote a sync and a data portion of the first sync frame, respectively, and 253 and 254 denote a sync and a data portion of the second sync frame, respectively. 255,256
Reference numerals 257 and 258 denote areas recorded at the head when the area 213 is recorded. Reference numeral 255 denotes a data portion of the second sync frame, and reference numerals 256, 257, and 258 denote syncs of the sync frame. The size of each area is the same as that of the conventional example, and the areas 216 and 217 are a run-out area and a linking gap, respectively.

The run-out control unit 872 of the optical disk drive 807 always holds data to be recorded in the next ECC block in the data memory 871. For this reason,
If an underrun occurs in the buffer during data recording, data to be recorded is recorded in the run-out area 216, recording of the real-time extent 211 is temporarily stopped, and recording of the area 212 is completed. At this point, the data to be recorded in the ECC block including the linking sector is held in the data memory 871.
Next, when predetermined data is transferred from the system control unit 801 to the data memory 871, the data recording unit 874
Records the data of the remaining linking sectors from the linking gap 217, and continues recording data.

As described above, since AV data requiring continuity is recorded in continuous sectors, there is no waste of the recordable area due to the linking loss area. In the linking scheme described in the conventional example, only 00h data can be recorded in the run-out area. However, in this embodiment, data can be recorded in the run-out area even if an underrun occurs in the buffer. The portion where data cannot be recorded correctly can be suppressed to several bytes formed as a linking gap. For this reason, even if a linking gap is formed in the real-time extent, it is easy to perform error correction using the ECC during data reproduction. Further, identification information is recorded in the area shown in FIG. 14E so that the reproducing drive can easily distinguish the linking loss extent and the real-time extent recorded in advance.

In the DVD disk, in each sector, in addition to a Main Data area 264 for recording 2048 bytes of user data, an area for recording physical additional information,
261, IED 262 and CPR 263. ID26
1, IED 262 and CPR 263 are areas where physical information of a sector, an error detection code of an ID part, and copy management information are recorded, respectively. The ID 261 includes a sector format bit 265 and a data type bit 266. The sector format bit 265 indicates whether this disk is in CLV format or zone format, and the data type bit 266 is the data type bit of the next sector, except for the linking sector, if the next sector is included in the linking loss extent. Is defined as a bit set to one. As shown in FIG. 14B, since the first sector of the linking loss extent is a linking sector, the data type bit is 0, and the second to fifteenth sectors have the linking loss extent. 1 is set to belong to

FIG. 15 is an example of a data structure diagram showing an area configuration on an information recording medium on which a file managed by the volume file structure defined by the UDF standard is recorded. Corresponds to FIG. DVD-R at the top
The inner circumference and lower part of the disk indicate the outer circumference. The volume space extends from the volume structure area 152 to the unrecorded area 17.
This is an area up to 1, where a file or a volume file structure is recorded. Lead-in area 151 from the inner periphery, a volume structure area 152 is recorded at the time of formatting and file structure area 153, AV linking loss extent 551 and the real-time extents RT ₁ to be formed at the time of recording data and empty extents E ₁
Is recorded.

Here, a FILEA. Containing a plurality of still image data from a digital camera or the like is used. Record the DAT. Since still image data requires more reliability than real-time data, the linking loss area 15 is similar to normal data.
After 7, the extent 158 is recorded. Further, in order to manage the recorded file, a file structure area 159 is continuously recorded. Next When recording AV data, a linking loss extent 552, real-time extent RT _2, empty extent E2 is recorded. In order to make this disc playable by a playback-only device, a linking loss area 163 and a file structure area 164 are recorded, and a border-out (not shown) is recorded in the border zone 165. In the case of adding AV data described with reference to FIG.
VOBU554 from the last region of the extent RT ₂ is read, the remaining pre-allocated area data recorded on the A _2, together with being recorded in the copy area 557, the read VOBU is re-encoded, re-encoding At the same time as being recorded in the area 558, additional data is recorded in the additional data area 559.

In recording real-time extent RT ₂ *, linking loss extent 555 and empty extent E ₃ are recorded. Further, when an underrun of the buffer occurs during recording of the real-time extent RT ₂ *, a linking gap is formed although not shown. In the case of a sequential recording medium such as a DVD-R disc or a CD-R disc, the file is a VDF defined by the UDF standard.
A file structure area 170 is recorded at the recording end of the disc in order to manage an updated file managed by the AT system. The directory structure of the data recorded here is the same as the structure described in FIG.

The file structure area 170 includes a file entry 181 of the root directory, a file entry 182 of the REALTIME directory, and a VIDEO. V
RO file entry 183 and FILEA.
DAT file entry 184, root directory 185, and REALTIME directory 186
, VAT 187 and VAT ICB 188 are recorded.
The file entry 181 is the root directory 185
This is management information for managing the position information and attribute information of the root directory file, and a file identification descriptor (not shown) is recorded in the root directory file. The file identification descriptors are respectively FILEA.FILE created under the root directory 185. It has the position information of the DAT file and the file entries 184 and 182 of the REALTIME directory.

[0213] The file entry 184 has position information of the extent 158 in which this file is recorded. The file entry 182 has position information of a REALTIME directory file composed of a file identification descriptor. The file identification descriptor is a VIDEO.FILE created under the REALTIME directory 186. VRO
It has the position information of the file entry 183 of the file.
File entry 183 has the position information of the RT ₂ * from the real-time extents RT ₁ to AV data is recorded.

The attribute information recorded in the file entry of the real-time file is the same as in FIG. 7 described in the first embodiment. However, in the case of a DVD-R disc, since there is no defect management mechanism, it is not always necessary to register an empty extent in a real-time file.

Next, a method for reproducing AV data from the information recording medium shown in FIG. 15 will be described using the block configuration and flowchart of the information recording / reproducing apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 9 and 8, respectively. explain. The reproduction method is the same as the method described in the first embodiment. The optical disk drive 807 satisfies the access performance of the standard reproduction model and has a performance capable of reading data at a predetermined data rate Vin. Further, the data buffer memory 852 includes:
It has a size larger than the buffer memory 303 of the reproduction standard model.

[0216] The file structure processing means 846 reads the volume structure area 152 and the file structure area 170 into the file structure memory 851 and analyzes them. The position information and attribute information of the real-time extent among the read data are stored in the file structure memory 851 (step S901). File structure processing means 846
Determines whether the file is a real-time file and recognizes that a real-time extent is arranged so as to satisfy the real-time playback condition (step S902). In the case of a real-time file, the playback mode notifying unit 850 notifies the allocation parameter stored in the allocation parameter memory 803 to the optical disk drive 807 (step S903).
The data reading means 849 issues a playback command for AV data to the optical disk drive 807 (step S).
904).

The optical disk drive 807 reads AV data from the real-time extents RT ₁ and RT ₂ * according to the playback command issued in S904.
In the playback operation from the real-time extent,
Even if an error occurs during the reproduction operation due to reproduction from the linking gap, a continuous data reproduction operation is performed without performing recovery processing. The read data is EC
After the C processing, the data is temporarily transferred to the data buffer memory 852, and the video and audio are reproduced on the TV 812 via the decoder 811 (step S905).

On the other hand, if the file is a general file, the data reading means 849 issues a reproduction command for general data to the optical disk drive (step S9).
06). The optical disk drive 807 reads data according to the issued general data reproduction command. Then, the read data is temporarily transferred to the data buffer memory 852 (step S90).
7).

In order to allocate a pre-allocated area so that the reproduction standard model does not cause buffer underflow when reproducing a real-time file, a recorded area is copied to an unrecorded area, or a VOBU is copied. It is obvious that the recording method for re-encoding can be applied not only to a write-once optical disk but also to a rewritable optical disk.

When the present recording method is applied to a rewritable optical disk, a plurality of unallocated areas are searched in step S402 shown in FIG. The recording method described in the second embodiment is applied to the last real-time extent of a previously recorded real-time file and the first real-time extent to be newly allocated. The recording method described in the first embodiment is applied to which area is selected.

In FIG. 10B, an example in which the access distance is divided into four and the access performance of the DVD-R disc is defined has been described.
If the access performance is defined by increasing the number to six, the transition of the data amount in the buffer can be calculated more accurately.

[0222] As an example of real-time data, AV data compressed by the MPEG system has been described as an example. However, high-sampled high-quality uncompressed audio data and transport streams transmitted by digital TV broadcasting are provided. It is obvious that the effect of the present invention can be obtained for the above.

Although the size of the linking loss extent has been described as 32 KB, it may be 2 KB. In this case, since data is recorded in the remaining 15 sectors with the leading sector of the ECC block as a linking loss extent, the data recording efficiency increases by 15 sectors, but the error correction capability of the data in the ECC block is increased. Go down.

[0224] In the DVD-RW, the position of the linking gap in the linking sector is set to the 15th to 17th bytes in the first sync frame, and the run-out area is the same as that of the sync in the first sync frame. 1
It consists of a data portion of 6 bytes.
It is self-evident that it can be adapted to In particular, by recording the linking loss extent prior to recording the real-time data, it is possible to guarantee the reliability of the head data of the real-time extent and to form a linking gap within the real-time extent. Thus, continuous data recording and reproduction can be realized while minimizing deterioration of data reliability.

Although an example has been shown in which real-time data is recorded in the run-out area located in the real-time extent, this function is not implemented, and when recording 00h data in the run-out area, the optical disk drive Can be simplified. Although the reliability of the data in the linking loss extent is reduced, real-time data can be recorded continuously.

In FIG. 15, the linking loss
Although the example in which the extent 555 is arranged outside the border zone 165 has been shown, it is obvious that the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if this linking loss extent is recorded as a part of the border zone.

[0227]

As described above, according to the present invention, an information recording medium, a recording method and a reproducing method, and an information recording apparatus and an information reproducing apparatus for realizing continuous reproduction of real-time data on a recordable optical disk are provided. Can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a data structure diagram showing an area configuration of an information recording medium according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration and access performance of a reproduction standard model according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a recording method according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an area configuration diagram allocated for real-time files by the recording method according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a change in the amount of data in a buffer memory calculated by the recording method according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a data structure diagram of a file entry showing a data structure of attribute information of a real-time file according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a reproduction method according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration and access performance of a reproduction standard model according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a recording method according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a change in the amount of data in a buffer memory calculated by the recording method according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an area configuration diagram allocated for a real-time file by the recording method according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a data structure diagram showing linking relating to a real-time extent according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a data structure diagram showing an area configuration of the information recording medium according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a data structure diagram showing an area configuration of a conventional information recording medium.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a directory structure of a file to be recorded.

FIG. 18 shows a case where AV data is VIDEO. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an arrangement of extents when additional recording is performed on a VRO file.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a linking scheme for a DVD-R disc.

[Explanation of symbols]

103 spare area 105,153,159,164,170 file structure area 107 and 109 guard areas 108 defective ECC blocks 106,110,120,121,122,125 already allocated area _{RT 1, RT 2, RT 2} *, RT 3 , RT ₄ , RT ₅ , R
T ₆ , 211 Real-time extent A ₂ Pre-allocated area 123 Empty extent 148 VIDEO. VRO file file entry 210, 551, 552, 555 Linking loss extent 215 Linking sector 216 Runout area 217 Linking gap 252, 254, 255 Data portion in sync frame 266 Data type bits 301 Disk 302 Pickup 303 Buffer memory 304 Decoding module 554 Recording area of final VOBU 557 Copy area 558 Re-encoding area 559 Additional data area 701, 801 System control unit 707, 807 Optical disk drive 709, 809 Encoder 711, 811 Decoder 742, 844 Data amount calculation means 743, 843 Time information calculation means 744 Unallocated area search means 746, 846 File structure processing means 747, 847 Data recording means 748, 849 Data reading means 757 Data buffer memory 821 VOBU re-encoding means 804 File system processing means 841 Unrecorded area checking means 842 Linking setting means 845 Last access checking means 848 Data copying means 850 Playback mode notification means 871 Data memory 872 Run-out controller 873 Linking controller

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Nohisa Fukushima 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A 2000-215452 (JP, A) JP-A 10-63433 (JP, A) JP-A-61-260339 (JP, A) JP-A-8-212707 (JP, A) JP-A-10-149542 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) G11B 20/12 G11B 7/0045 G11B 20/10 H04N 5/92

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A reproducing method for reproducing real-time data from an information recording medium having a volume space for recording at least data recorded as a file and file management information for managing the file in sector units. Wherein the real-time data includes at least one of video data and audio data, and the real-time data is stored in at least one real-time extent allocated to logically contiguous sectors in the volume space. A linking loss extent in which invalid data is recorded is arranged before the real-time extent to be recorded, and the real-time extent is a linking area that can be overwritten on an area already recorded by additional recording.
Determining whether or not the file recorded on the information recording medium is a real-time file including the real-time data, including a gap; and a reproducing operation of the real-time data recorded in the real-time extent A step of performing a continuous operation of reproducing the real-time data without performing a recovery process even if a reproduction error occurs due to invalid data recorded in the linking gap. 2. Information for reproducing the real-time data from an information recording medium having a volume space for additionally recording at least data recorded as a file and file management information for managing the file in sector units. A playback device, wherein the real-time data includes at least one of video data and audio data, and the real-time data is at least one real-time data allocated to logically continuous sectors in the volume space. A linking loss extent in which invalid data is recorded is arranged before the real-time extent, which is recorded in an extent, and the real-time extent is a linking area that can be overwritten on an area already recorded by additional recording.
Including a gap, a file structure processing means for determining whether the file recorded on the information recording medium is the real-time data, and a reproducing operation of the real-time data recorded on the real-time extent, An information reproducing apparatus comprising: a data reproducing unit that performs a continuous reproducing operation of the real-time data without performing a recovery process even if a reproducing error occurs due to invalid data recorded in the linking gap.