JP3023080B2 - Method and apparatus for estimating stagnation amount in incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an incinerator for waste such as garbage, in which the amount of waste retained in the incinerator is calculated by using a mathematical model of the dynamic characteristic of the incinerator and a measurement signal in the incinerator.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating an in-furnace retention amount for estimating in real time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In waste incinerators, CO in exhaust gas,
In order to suppress the NOx concentration, stabilize the steam flow rate of the waste heat boiler, stabilize the power generation amount of the steam turbine generator, and the like, it is essential to stably burn the refuse. For stable combustion of waste, it is necessary to keep the amount of waste retained in the incinerator at a predetermined amount suitable for combustion control. However, as a characteristic of refuse incinerators, due to non-uniform physical and chemical properties such as specific volume of refuse and low calorific value, for example, in stoker type refuse incinerators, the speed of the feeding device and stoker speed is reduced. Even if it is constant, the amount of waste supplied into the incinerator and the amount of waste retained in the incinerator fluctuate. However, it is difficult to directly measure the amount of garbage in the incinerator with a sensor, etc.
Conventionally, the amount of waste accumulated has been determined by skilled operators
(Industrial television cameras) often rely on decisions made based on images, various measurements, and past driving experiences.
Therefore, in order to cope with a shortage of skilled operators, a method and an apparatus for estimating the amount of residence in a furnace which are not affected by the quality of the operators are required.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 8-261431 discloses a method of estimating a dust thickness on a stoker based on a transient response result of a flow rate of a combustion air or an air pressure under a stoker when an opening degree of a combustion air damper is switched. A method and apparatus are disclosed. In the invention described in the above publication, the damper opening is switched from the first state in which the air flow rate is set to perform a steady combustion operation to the second state in which the opening is set to be larger than the first state, and When the damper opening is switched when the dust thickness is small, the air flow increases sharply and sharply.On the other hand, when the dust thickness on the stoker is large, the air flow sharply decreases and the dust thickness increases. It is shown that when a blow-through exists, the air flow rate rises sharply and then gradually. Further, it is described that estimation of the dust thickness by switching the damper opening is performed once every 30 to 60 minutes.

[0004]

As described above, conventionally, a trained operator is required to use an in-furnace ITV (industrial television camera).
It was necessary to judge the amount of waste in the incinerator based on the images, various measured values, and past operating experience. Therefore, it was difficult to quantitatively grasp the amount of waste accumulated. In addition, if the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator is not maintained at a predetermined amount, stable operation of the incinerator cannot be performed, and C
Suppression of O and NOx concentration, stabilization of steam flow rate of waste heat boiler,
The power generation of the steam turbine generator cannot be stabilized. Also, in a refuse incinerator, it is necessary to grasp at an early stage a large stagnation of refuse that is difficult to burn and a refuse that can extinguish the refuse.

In the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-261431, the thickness of dust is determined from the transient response trend of the air flow rate. However, the criterion is not quantitative, and the result of the determination of the thickness of dust is determined by the operator. There is a problem that a difference occurs.
Further, in the invention described in the above publication, the determination of the dust thickness is started by the step change operation of the damper opening, but this operation becomes a disturbance for the stable operation of the incinerator. Further, the invention described in the above publication has a problem in that the dust thickness is determined once every 30 to 60 minutes, and there is a problem that the response is delayed when the dust thickness changes rapidly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator for waste such as garbage by using a measurement signal in the incinerator and a dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the incinerator. By quantitatively estimating the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator in real time, the operator can grasp the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator regardless of the amount of operating experience, and the operator can estimate the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator. By performing the operation according to the amount, the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator is always maintained at a predetermined amount, and as a result, the incinerator can be operated stably. , Control of NOx concentration, stabilization of steam flow rate of waste heat boiler, stabilization of power generation rate of steam turbine generator, etc., and large amount of refuse which is difficult to burn A method for estimating the amount of residence in the furnace that can be grasped at an early stage And a device.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a method for estimating the amount of stagnation in an incinerator according to the present invention comprises :
Upon burning the garbage incinerator, combustion air flow rate is a measurement signal in the incinerator, the secondary air flow rate, the combustion air
Temperature, secondary air temperature, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, boiler outlet
Gas temperature, boiler drum pressure, main steam flow rate and exhaust gas acid
Incinerator constituting the oxygen concentration, the dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the incinerator
Overall energy balance type, mass balance in incinerator
It is characterized by quantitatively estimating the amount of waste in the incinerator by calculating the amount of waste in the incinerator in real time using the equation and the air ratio formula in the incinerator. (See FIG. 3).

[0008] As described above, the measurement signal in the incinerator is calculated based on the combustion air flow rate, the secondary air flow rate, the combustion air temperature, and the like.
The secondary air temperature, the combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, the boiler outlet gas temperature, the boiler drum pressure, the main steam flow rate and the exhaust gas oxygen concentration, and the dynamic characteristics mathematical model of the incinerator, the energy balance formula of the entire incinerator, that make up the air ratio equation mass balance equation and the incinerator. Further, in the method of the present invention, the dynamic characteristic mathematical expression model of the incinerator is grasped as a simultaneous differential equation in which the amount of waste is one of unknowns, and a differential term of these simultaneous differential equations is approximated by a difference. A calculation formula for the current waste accumulation amount is derived, and the current waste accumulation amount is sequentially calculated from this expression using the initial value of the waste accumulation amount calculated by the static characteristic calculation from the expression representing the static characteristics of the incinerator. Is preferred.

[0009] furnace residence quantity estimation apparatus according incinerator of the present invention, by using a dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the measurement signal and the incinerator in incinerators, an apparatus for estimating the waste holdup in the incinerator, For combustion which is the measured value in the incinerator detected
Air flow, secondary air flow, combustion air temperature, secondary air temperature
Degree, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, boiler outlet gas temperature, boiler
Measurement signal input processing means for inputting the drum pressure, main steam flow rate, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration, and a dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the incinerator based on the measurement signals input to the measurement signal input processing means and processed.
The energy balance of the entire incinerator that constitutes the incinerator
In- furnace estimation calculation means that calculates the amount of waste retained by the mass balance formula in the furnace and the air ratio formula in the incinerator, and incineration in accordance with the estimated value of the amount of waste retained calculated by the in-furnace estimated amount calculation device And a control means for controlling the operation of the furnace (see FIGS. 1 to 3).

[0010] As described above, the measured values in the incinerator to be input to the measurement signal input processing means, the combustion air flow rate, 2
Secondary air flow rate, combustion air temperature, secondary air temperature, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, boiler outlet gas temperature, boiler drum pressure,
The incinerator dynamic characteristic model used as the main steam flow rate and exhaust gas oxygen concentration and used in the incinerator residual amount estimating means is calculated using the energy balance equation for the entire incinerator, the mass balance equation in the incinerator, and the air ratio in the incinerator. It configures from the equation. Further, in the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the in-furnace residence amount estimation calculation means may include:
The incinerator dynamic characteristic mathematical model composed of simultaneous differential equations is solved using the difference method, and at that time, the amount of waste accumulated is calculated using the initial value of the amount of waste accumulated calculated by the static characteristics calculation of the incinerator It is preferable to do so.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail. FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for carrying out a method for estimating a residence amount in an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a stoker-type waste incinerator is used as an incinerator, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other wastes other than waste (for example,
It may be applied to sludge, industrial waste, and the like, and it is of course possible to use other incinerators other than the stoker furnace (for example, a fluidized-bed furnace, a kiln-type furnace, and the like). Further, in the present embodiment, the measurement signal in the incinerator is a combustion air flow rate,
The secondary air flow rate, combustion air temperature, secondary air temperature, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, boiler outlet gas temperature, boiler drum pressure, main steam flow rate, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration. Energy balance for the entire furnace,
Although a case is shown in which the mass balance type in the incinerator and the air ratio type in the incinerator are shown, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this.

In FIG. 1, a waste incinerator 10 includes a drying stoker 12, a combustion stoker 14, and a post-burning stoker 16
Is a stoker-type waste incinerator having
A waste heat boiler 18 and a steam turbine generator 20 are provided downstream of the combustion chamber 17. As shown in FIG. 1, dust is thrown into a dust hopper 24 by a dust crane 22. The refuse supplied to the refuse hopper 24 is supplied to the dust supply device 2.
6 feeds onto the drying stoker 12. The dust on the drying stoker 12 is dried and ignited by the radiant heat from the high-temperature combustion gas and the combustion air supplied from the combustion air supply pipe 28 below the stoker. The drying stoker 12, the combustion stoker 14, and the post-burning stoker 16 are inclined, and the refuse is sequentially sent to the rear stoker by the swinging motion to complete the combustion. The incineration ash generated by the combustion of refuse is used as post-combustion stoker 1
6 Extracted from the incineration ash outlet 30 at the rear end. On the other hand, the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the refuse is introduced into the waste heat boiler 18, the waste heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler 18, and the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 18 is sent to the steam turbine via the high pressure steam reservoir 34. Used for the generator 20 and the like. 19 is a boiler drum. Further, in order to control the temperature of the combustion chamber 17 within a certain range, the secondary air
The next air is supplied.

In order to calculate the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator shown in FIG. 1, a mathematical model of the dynamic characteristics of the incinerator is created. The dynamic characteristic formula model is composed of an energy balance formula for the entire incinerator, a mass balance formula on the stoker, and an air ratio formula in the combustion chamber, which are expressed by the following formulas (1) to (3), respectively. Is done. _{d (C R W R T G} ) / dt + T B dP B / dt = (I B1 -I
_{B2) Gs + C PA G A1} T A1 + C PA G A2 T A2 + H U ηcW R + C
_{R G RI T R -C R G} RO T G -C PG {G A1 + G A2 + (22.4
_{/ 18) H 2 OG RI}} T E (1) dW R / dt = G RI -η
cW _R -G _RO
(2) 21 / (21−O ₂ ) = (G _A1 + G _A2 ) /
[｛(1.01 / 1000) H _U +0.5｝ ηcW _R ]
(3)

The explanation of the symbols in the above formulas (1) to (3) is as follows. C _PA : Specific heat of air [kcal / Nm ³ ° C] C _PG : Exhaust gas specific heat [kcal / Nm ³ ° C] C _R : Waste specific heat [kcal / kg ° C] G _A1 : Air flow rate for combustion [Nm ³ / h] G _A2 : secondary air flow rate _{^{[Nm 3 / h] G RI}} : waste supply rate [kg / h] G _RO: dust emissions [kg / h] Gs: main steam flow rate _{[kg / h] H 2 O} : garbage in water rate [kg / kg] H _U: waste LHV [kcal / kg] I _B1: boiler feed water enthalpy [kcal / kg] I _B2: steam enthalpy [kcal / kg] O _2: exhaust gas oxygen concentration [%] P _B : boiler drum pressure [MPa] T _A1: combustion air temperature [℃] T _A2: 2 primary air temperature [° C.] T _B: boiler time constant [kcal / MPa] T _E: boiler outlet gas temperature [° C.] T _G : combustion chamber exit gas temperature [° C.] T _R: waste feed temperature [° C.] W _R: waste holdup [kg] [eta] c: refuse combustion rate [kg / kgh]

A waste retention amount W _R , which is an unknown number, is calculated by using equations (1) to (3). Outside dust retention amount W _R, can not be directly measured, and the process variables to be treated as unknown for a large variation, dust supply amount G _RI, and garbage lower heating value H _U. Therefore, the expressions (1) to (3) are equivalent to the waste retention amount W _R ,
A simultaneous differential equation having the garbage supply amount G _RI and the lower heat generation amount H _U as unknowns is obtained. In the equations (1) to (3), the measurement signals are the combustion air flow rate G _A1 , the secondary air flow rate G _A2 , the combustion air temperature T _A1 , the secondary air temperature T _A2 , the combustion chamber outlet gas temperature T _G , The boiler outlet gas temperature T _E , the boiler drum pressure P _B , the main steam flow rate Gs, and the exhaust gas oxygen concentration O ₂ , and the other values are almost constant and can be treated as coefficients. The simultaneous differential equations composed of the equations (1) to (3) are solved by approximating the initial value problem of the simultaneous differential equations. The following is an example of solving using the Euler (Euler) method, which is one of the difference methods. However, in the present embodiment, the Euler method is used as a solution of the initial value problem of the simultaneous difference equations, but the present invention is not limited to this, and another solution may be used.

Equations (1) and (2) have a differential term d / dt. Process variable that is differentiated by the differentiating section is a dust retention amount W _R, the combustion chamber exit gas temperature T _G, the boiler drum pressure P _B. The difference between the waste retention amount W _R , the combustion chamber outlet gas temperature T _G , and the boiler drum pressure P _B is approximated by a difference. Combustion chamber exit gas temperature T _G, since the boiler drum pressure P _B is a measurement signal, the difference is the slope of the current measured value and the past measurement value. The waste retention amount W _R is an unknown number, and the difference is represented by equation (4). _{dW R / dt = {W R} (t) -W R (t- △)} / △ (4) a description of symbols in formula (4) is as follows. W _R (t): current waste holdup _{[kg] W R (t- △} ): 1 step before the waste holdup [kg] t: current time [h] △: 1 step size equation Euler method (4 ) Is substituted into equations (1) and (2), and the equation is modified as follows. Equation (1) is transformed into equation (5). _{AH U W R (t) +} BW R (t) + CG RI + D = 0 (5) symbols in formula (5) A, B, C , the contents of the D formula (6)
To (9). A = ηc (6) B = -C R T G / △ -C R (dT G / dt) (7) C = C R T R -C PG (22.4 / 18) H 2 OT E (8) _{D = (I B1 -I B2)} Gs + C PA G A1 T A1 + C PA G A2 T A2 -C R G RO T G -C PG (G A1 + G A2) T E -T B (dP B / dt) + C R _{T G W R (t- △)} / △ (9)

Equation (2) is transformed into equation (10). _{G RI + EW R (t)} + F = 0 (10) symbols in formula (10) E, the content of F is the formula (11),
It is as (12). E = -ηc-1 / △ ( 11) F = W R (t- △) / △ -G RO (12) Equation (3) is deformed into the equation (13). _{GH U W R (t) +} HW R (t) + I = 0 (13) symbol G in formula (13), H, the contents of the I formula (14)
To (16). G = (1.01 / 1000) ηc (14) H = 0.5ηc (15) I = - (21-O 2) / 21 (G A1 + G A2) (16)

From the equations (5), (10), and (13), the current waste retention amount W _R (t), the waste supply amount G _RI , and the lower heat generation amount H _U are calculated. Equation (10) is transformed into equation (17), and equation (13) is transformed into equation (18). _{G RI = -EW R (t)} -F (17) H U W R (t) = (- HW R (t) -I) / G (18) Equation (17), (18) Equation (5) , The current waste retention amount W _R (t) is obtained by equation (19). W _R (t) = (AI + CFG−DG) / (− AH + BG−CEG) (19) Further, when the equation (19) is substituted into the equation (17), the waste supply amount _GRI is obtained by the equation (20). By substituting (19) into equation (18), the lower heat generation value H _{U of the} dust is obtained by equation (21). _{G RI = {- E (AI} + CFG-DG)} / (- AH + BG-CEG) -F (20) H U = -H / G - {I (-AH + BG-CEG)} / {G (AI + CFG-DG)} (21) A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I on the right side of equation (19)
_Are the measurement signals G _A1 , G _A2 , T _A1 , T _A2 , T _G , T _E ,
P _B, Gs, gradient of O _2, T _G, the gradient of P _B, the coefficients, one step before the waste holdup W _R (t- △), consisting of one step size of the Euler method △. Therefore, as long it obtained initial value of the waste holdup W _R, sequential current waste holdup W
_R (t) can be calculated.

The method for calculating the initial value of the waste retention amount W _R will be described below. The initial value of the waste holdup W _R is calculated as follows from the measured values of the incinerator during steady operation. During steady operation of the waste incinerator, the amount of retained waste W _R , the temperature T _{G of} the combustion chamber outlet gas, and the pressure P _B of the boiler drum are almost constant and their time changes are gradual, and changes in a short time should be ignored. Can be. Therefore, it can be considered that the left side of equations (1) and (2) = 0, and in the refuse incinerator shown in FIG. 1, the energy balance type for the entire incinerator, the mass balance type for the stoker, and the air in the combustion chamber The ratio expression is represented by Expressions (22) to (24). Equations (22) to (24) represent the static characteristics of the refuse incinerator, and the unknowns are calculated from the equations (22) to (24) by static characteristic calculation. _{0 = (I B1 -I B2)} Gs + C PA G A1 T A1 + C PA G A2 T A2 + H U ηcW R + C R G RI T R -C R G RO T G -C PG {G A1 + G A2 + (22. _{4/18) H 2 OG RI} T} E (22) 0 = G RI -ηcW R -G RO (23) 21 / (21-O 2) = (G A1 + G A2) / [{(1.01 / _{1000) H U +0.5} ηcW R} ] (24)

Equation (22) is transformed into equation (25). _{JH U W R + KG RI +} L = 0 (25) symbols in the formula (25) J, K, the contents of the L formula (26)
To (28). J = ηc (26) K = C R T R -C PG (22.4 / 18) H 2 OT E (27) L = (I B1 -I B2) Gs + C PA G A1 T A1 + C PA G A2 T A2 _{-C R G RO T G -C PG} (G A1 + G A2) T E (28) equation (23) is deformed into the equation (29). _{G RI + MW R + N =} 0 (29) Equation symbol M in (29), the content of N is formula (30),
(31). M = −ηc (30) N = −G _RO (31) Equation (24) is transformed into equation (32). _{PH U W R + QW R +} R = 0 (32) symbols in the formula (32) P, Q, the content of R is formula (33)
To (35). P = (1.01 / 1000) ηc (33) Q = 0.5ηc (34) R = - (21-O 2) / 21 (G A1 + G A2) (35)

[0021] Equation (25), (29) and (32), and calculates the initial value of the waste holdup W _R. Equation (29) is replaced with equation (3)
6), and the equation (32) is transformed into the equation (37). _{G RI = -MW R -N (36} ) H U W R = (- QW R -R) / P (37) Equation (36), is substituted into equation (25) to (37), dust retention amount W _R Can be calculated by equation (38). _{W R = (JR + KNP-} LP) / (- JQ-KMP) (38) Equation (38) the initial value of the waste holdup W _R calculated at the respective measurement values, using the coefficients, the equation (19) 1 The waste retention amount W _R after the step size △ [h] can be calculated. Thereafter, similarly, the waste retention amount W _R (t- △) before the one step size △ [h].
The current waste retention amount W _R (t) can be calculated in real time by equation (19), using the measured values and the respective coefficients.

FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of monitoring and operating an incinerator including the in-furnace retention amount estimation device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates, as an example, a case in which the amount of retained refuse in a refuse incinerator is estimated, but the present invention is not limited to this. In FIG. 2, a measurement signal of the waste incinerator 40 is input to a control device 44 via a sensor 42, and the waste accumulation amount estimation device 4
6 is input. Using the measurement signal input to the measurement signal input processing unit 48 of the waste holdup estimation device 46, the waste holdup estimate calculating part 50, calculates dust retention amount W _R is the real time dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the waste incinerator Is done. Calculated waste residual amount W _R from estimation result output processing section 52 of the waste holdup estimation device 46, the operator console 5
4 and displayed. Operator (operator), operates the waste incinerator 40 in accordance with the waste holdup W _R that is displayed. The operation of the refuse incinerator 40 is performed by changing an operation amount and a set value to the control device 44, and the operation amount is transmitted to the refuse incinerator 40 via the actuator 56.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a calculation process for estimating the amount of residence in the incinerator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates, as an example, a case in which the amount of waste retained in a waste incinerator is estimated, but the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 3, if the incinerator is not in steady operation, the estimation of the waste holdup W _R is not performed. If the refuse incinerator has entered the steady operation, initially, performs the static characteristic calculation using the measurement signal, and calculates the initial value of the waste holdup W _R. After one cycle of the flowchart, the current waste accumulation amount is calculated using the initial value of the waste accumulation amount and the measurement signal. Thereafter, the estimation of the current dust accumulation amount using the dust accumulation amount calculated one cycle before and the measurement signal is repeated.

FIG. 4 shows an example of data in a real furnace (stoker type waste incinerator) to which the method for estimating the in-furnace retention amount of the present invention is applied, and FIG. This is an example. In each of the two graphs, the horizontal axis indicates time, and indicates data for 6 hours from the start of estimation or the start of introduction. Hereinafter, each graph will be described. Figure 4 shows the time course of the estimated value of the waste holdup W _R [kg]. On the other hand, FIG. 5 shows a change over time of the refuse input result [t],
The total amount of waste input to the waste hopper by the waste crane is shown every hour (see Fig. 1). Comparing the graphs of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it can be seen that the estimated value of the garbage retention amount decreases about 30 minutes after the refuse input amount decreases (after 1 hour). Considering the capacity of the garbage hopper,
It can be seen that the relationship between the estimated value of the garbage accumulation amount and the amount of refuse input (input results) is appropriate.

[0025]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. (1) Since the amount of accumulated waste in the incinerator is quantitatively estimated in real time using the measurement signal in the incinerator and the mathematical model of the dynamic characteristic of the incinerator, it is not affected by the amount of operating experience of the operator. The amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator can be ascertained. (2) By performing an operation in accordance with the amount of waste accumulated in the incinerator, the amount of accumulated waste in the incinerator can always be maintained at a predetermined amount, so that stable operation of the incinerator becomes possible. In the case of refuse incinerator, CO, NO in exhaust gas
The x concentration can be suppressed, the steam flow rate of the waste heat boiler can be stabilized, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine generator can be stabilized. (3) When the present invention is applied to a refuse incinerator, the amount of stagnation in the incinerator is estimated in real time using a measurement signal in the incinerator and a mathematical model of the dynamic characteristic of the incinerator, so that refuse difficult to combust. It is possible to grasp at an early stage whether a large amount of waste has been collected or the waste has ceased to extinguish.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an apparatus for performing a method for estimating a residence amount in an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of monitoring and operation of an incinerator including the in-furnace retention amount estimation device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a calculation process for estimating the amount of residence in the incinerator in the incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of data in an actual furnace (a stoker-type incinerator) to which the method for estimating the in-furnace retention amount of the present invention is applied, showing a change over time of the estimated value of the retention amount of waste.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of data in an actual furnace (stoker type waste incinerator), showing a change over time in the actual result of waste input.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 40 Refuse incinerator 12 Dry stoker 14 Combustion stoker 16 Post-combustion stoker 17 Combustion chamber 18 Waste heat boiler 19 Boiler drum 20 Steam turbine generator 22 Refuse crane 24 Refuse hopper 26 Dust supply device 28 Combustion air supply pipe 30 Incineration ash Extraction port 34 High-pressure steam reservoir 36 Secondary air supply pipe 42 Sensor 44 Control device 46 Waste accumulation amount estimation device 48 Measurement signal input processing unit 50 Waste accumulation amount estimation calculation unit 52 Estimation result output processing unit 54 Operator console 56 Actuator

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kenji Yuasa 1-3-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Yasukochi 1-1-1, Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe No. 3 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (56) References JP-A-7-301413 (JP, A) JP-A-62-169920 (JP, A) JP-A-9-303741 (JP, A) JP 7-133917 (JP, A) JP-A-8-94052 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F23G 5/50 ZAB

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] When burning refuse in an incinerator , a combustion air flow rate and a secondary air flow which are measurement signals in the incinerator.
Amount, combustion air temperature, secondary air temperature, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature
Degree, boiler outlet gas temperature, boiler drum pressure, main steam flow
The amount and the exhaust gas oxygen concentration, the dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the incinerator
Energy balance system for the entire incinerator, inside the incinerator
Incineration characterized by quantitatively estimating the amount of waste in the incinerator by calculating the amount of waste in the incinerator in real time using the mass balance equation and the air ratio in the incinerator Method for estimating the amount of residence in the furnace . 2. A model for calculating a dynamic characteristic of an incinerator as a simultaneous differential equation in which the amount of waste retained is one of unknowns,
By approximating the differential terms of these simultaneous differential equations by the difference, a calculation formula for the current waste retention amount is derived, and from this calculation formula, the waste retention amount calculated by the static characteristics calculation from the expression representing the static characteristics of the incinerator. 2. The method for estimating the amount of accumulated waste in an incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the current amount of accumulated waste is sequentially calculated using the initial value of ( 1 ) . Using 3. dynamics mathematical model of the measurement signal and the incinerator in incinerators, an apparatus for estimating the waste holdup in the incinerator, measurements der in detected incinerators
Combustion air flow, secondary air flow, combustion air temperature,
Secondary air temperature, combustion chamber outlet gas temperature, boiler outlet gas temperature
Time, construction boiler drum pressure, the main steam flow rate and the measurement signal input processing means for inputting an exhaust gas oxygen concentration <br/>, the dynamic characteristic mathematical model of the incinerator from the input to the measurement signal input processing means processed measurement signal Energy balance of the entire incinerator
Calculating means for calculating the amount of refuse accumulated in the incinerator using the equation, mass balance equation in the incinerator and the air ratio equation in the incinerator, and garbage accumulation calculated by the means for estimating the accumulated amount in the furnace Control means for controlling the operation of the incinerator in accordance with the estimated value of the amount . 4. An incinerator residual amount estimating calculation means for solving a dynamic characteristic mathematical model of an incinerator constituted by simultaneous differential equations using a difference method, wherein the calculation is performed by a static characteristic calculation of the incinerator. 4. The in-furnace retention amount estimating apparatus for an incinerator according to claim 3 , wherein the waste retention amount is calculated using the initial value of the waste retention amount.