JP2980805B2 - Artificial aggregate and its processing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial aggregate and a method for processing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an artificial aggregate that requires a precise three-dimensional shape and a method for processing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, ceramic-based artificial aggregates have been employed as artificial prosthetic materials for defective or resected portions of bones to recover the supporting function of the living body and the motor function of the bones. I have. Conventional ceramic artificial aggregates
It is made of a block such as a square or round material, a flat plate or a plate having a curved surface, and is used by being cut into a desired shape. Usually, in a portion that hardly affects the appearance of a person, the function is given priority over the fine shape. Therefore, it is sufficient that the shape is rough and a certain shape is sufficient, so that a complicated three-dimensional shape is rarely required. However, skull bones, especially those on the forehead and temporal region, have unevenness and unevenness appearing on the surface and skin, changing the human face and impairing the appearance of the skull. Fine adjustment is performed in the operating room by hand-fitting.

For example, in a fracture repair such as a collapsed skull fracture, the head is closed once the patient's head is incised and the skull must be repaired by examining the skull's deficient state or depressed state. Then, the artificial skull-forming aggregate is shaved by hand and finished in a rough shape. Then, the head is incised again, and it is sharpened by hand processing while reproducing the shape and irregularities of the depressed fracture part during the operation to reproduce a precise three-dimensional shape.

[0004]

However, when a large amount of ceramic-based artificial aggregate, which is a difficult-to-cut material, is scraped, it takes a considerable amount of time to roughly cut it into a desired shape by hand processing. It is efficient. For this reason, it takes a considerable number of days, for example, one to two weeks, from the point where the head is incised to confirm the situation requiring repair to the time when the reconstructive operation is performed, and the production cost becomes expensive. In addition, it is not a manual process but also a mechanical process to cut complex three-dimensional shapes from artificial aggregates composed of blocks such as square or round materials or plates with irregular curved surfaces. It is difficult to obtain a precise three-dimensional shape because it is necessary to grasp the material and it is difficult to obtain a precise three-dimensional shape.
The operation required a long time such as ten to several hours to one day.

An object of the present invention is to provide an artificial aggregate capable of efficiently three-dimensionally processing a desired shape into a desired shape in a short time, and a method of processing the same.

[0006]

In order to achieve this object, the present inventor has conducted various studies. As a result, even if an artificial aggregate for forming a skull is required to have a strict three-dimensional shape, a part of the surrounding artificial aggregate is required. If you can get sufficient accuracy by hand finishing,
In addition, it has been found that it is not necessary to perform precise processing on all surfaces, and it is sufficient if at least only the surface side that affects the skin can compensate for the precise processing.

Therefore, the artificial aggregate of the present invention is provided with a holding boss portion which is attached to a chuck of a processing machine and is not used as an aggregate, and a plate-like portion which is cut into a desired shape and used as an aggregate. Are fired integrally with ceramics.

In the artificial aggregate of the present invention, the holding boss is formed on the outer peripheral thin wall of the plate-like portion.

Further, the artificial aggregate of the present invention is attached to a chuck of a five-axis control processing device or a three-dimensional processing device using a holding boss portion, and three-dimensionally processes the plate-like portion to obtain a desired shape of the artificial aggregate. After obtaining the aggregate, it can be obtained by cutting the portion outside the processed shape including the boss portion.

[0010]

Therefore, the artificial aggregate is chucked to a chuck of a processing machine, for example, a three-dimensional processing machine, by using the holding boss portion which does not remain as the aggregate. Then, the amount of movement of the tool in at least three axial directions is determined based on the data on the shape to be repaired by the artificial aggregate, and three-dimensional processing is performed on the plate-like portion of the artificial aggregate. At this time, since the artificial aggregate is chucked by the holding boss, the processing in the triaxial direction can be continuously performed by one chucking without re-gripping. Here, data on the repaired shape can be obtained by a CT scan or the like without cutting the head. Thereafter, an artificial aggregate having a desired shape is processed by cutting a portion outside the processed shape including the holding boss portion by hand processing using a file or the like.

When performing a reconstructive operation on the artificial aggregate,
The details are hand-processed by grinding to the shape of the part that needs repair, and molded so that it completely matches the defect.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The construction of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

1 to 3 show one embodiment of the artificial aggregate of the present invention. The artificial aggregate 1 is made of a ceramic having a known or a novel composition, and has a plate-like portion 2 used as an artificial aggregate, and a holding member which is not gripped by a chuck of a processing machine and used as an artificial aggregate. The boss portion 3 is integrally formed and fired.

The shape of the plate portion 2 is usually rectangular,
The length and width are 6 mm at the longest part with thickness of several mm to several tens mm.
Those having a size of about 0 to 100 mm are preferable. In the case of artificial aggregate for cranial formation, the thickness of 20, 25, 30
mm, width 40, 60, 80, 100 mm, height 40, 6
By preparing plate-like portions 2 of a dozen or more sizes composed of a combination of 0, 80, and 100 mm and integrally forming a holding boss portion 3 of a common size, it is possible to cope with skull defects of most patients. be able to.

The holding boss 3 is more preferably a plate-like portion 2.
Is formed on any one of the outer peripheral thin surfaces (surfaces indicated by reference numerals 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d in the figure). In this case, the outer part 4 of the machined shape, which is cut out by hand after machining, becomes a peripheral edge of a bone fragment that does not appear on the surface and the skin side, and does not affect the possibility of reconstruction. The holding boss 3 is held by a chuck of a three-dimensional processing machine, for example, a chuck of a five-axis control three-dimensional processing machine for three-dimensional curved surface processing (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-32087) as shown in FIG. It has a possible shape. Normally, the holding boss 3
Has a straight rod shape. Of course, in some cases, it may be formed in a tapered shank shape.

Next, an example of a five-axis control machining apparatus suitable for machining the artificial aggregate of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the five-axis control processing device moves the bed 10
The processing spindle 12 is supported movably in the Z-axis direction, that is, in the vertical direction with respect to the column 11 that can be moved in the axial direction. Shaft 14 and this rotating shaft 14
A work holding table 20 having two axes orthogonal to the rotating shaft 16 orthogonal to the workpiece holder 20 is provided. An artificial aggregate (work) 1 is mounted on a holding shaft 16 that rotates in a direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft 14 via a work clamping means such as a collet chuck 18.

The rotating shaft 14 and the holding shaft 16 rotate independently and simultaneously to give an appropriate working posture to the artificial aggregate 1 gripped by the tip of the holding shaft 16. The holding shaft 16 is provided with means for holding the artificial aggregate 1, and holds the artificial aggregate 1 in a fixed state during processing. Rotary axis 1
4 is driven by a drive motor (not shown) and rotates only in a range of a rotation angle of, for example, about 180 degrees. On the other hand, the holding shaft 16 is
Is rotatably supported by a support frame 19 fixed to the motor, and is driven by rotation indexing means such as a motor. In addition, the base 15 and the rotating shaft 14 are integrally formed or integrated by bolting or the like. Further, the holding shaft 1 of the present embodiment
Reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow shaft having a tapered socket portion at one end, and a collet chuck 18 fixed by a tapered shank 17 to the tapered socket portion.
The collet chuck 18 is held such that a collet sleeve on the outer periphery is relatively movable in the axial direction. The artificial aggregate 1 uses the collet chuck 1 for the holding boss 3.
8 to be fixed. At this time, the artificial aggregate 1 is regulated in a predetermined direction and position.

According to the processing device configured as described above,
The artificial aggregate 1 attached to the work holding table 20 can be tilted by rotating the base 15 in the direction B about the horizontal rotation axis 14, and the C of the holding axis 16 can be tilted.
Since the direction can be changed on a plane orthogonal to the holding shaft 16 by the rotational movement of the direction, the posture can be freely changed, and it is possible to cope with complicated three-dimensional machining. On the other hand, since the machining spindle 12 is fed in the Z-axis direction in addition to the XY axis direction of the column 11, the machining spindle 12 is set in a state where necessary machining can be performed on the artificial aggregate 1.

According to the artificial aggregate having the above configuration, even if the artificial aggregate requires a strict three-dimensional shape such as skull formation, the five-axis control processing apparatus shown in FIG. An artificial aggregate having a desired shape can be manufactured by machining with sufficient accuracy using the original processing apparatus. For example, a fracture repair operation for a skull depressed fracture will be described as an example.

First, data relating to a shape to be repaired with an artificial aggregate is obtained in advance. Here, the data on the repaired shape may be obtained by actual measurement and observation by cutting the head, but in some cases, data may be obtained by CT scanning or the like without cutting the head. Using this data, the amount of movement of the tool of the three-dimensional processing machine, for example, the tool of the five-axis control processing device shown in FIG. On the other hand, the artificial aggregate 1 is mounted on the collet chuck 18 of the work holding table 20 of the five-axis control processing device using the holding boss 3.

The feed in the three-axis directions (X, Y, Z-axis directions) and the posture control (rotational movement in the B and C directions) of the artificial aggregate 1 are controlled based on the data on the repaired shape described above. The plate-shaped portion 2 is subjected to three-dimensional processing to be processed into a desired shape. At this time, the artificial aggregate 1 is indexed at a predetermined angle in the direction B by indexing rotation of a drive motor (not shown) of the rotating shaft 14 and at a predetermined angle of rotation in the direction C by indexing rotation of the holding shaft 16. Is calculated to prepare for three-dimensional processing. On the other hand, the machining spindle 12 is driven by the combination of the movement of the column 11 in the X-Y direction and the forward / backward movement of the machining spindle 12 in the Z-axis direction.
While applying a predetermined cutting rotation to the plate-like portion 2 of the artificial aggregate 1
The necessary cutting process is performed. As described above, the five-axis control processing device is configured to rotate the two axes 14 and 16 on the artificial aggregate 1 side and the X-Y on the processing spindle 12 side.
-Perform 5-axis control machining as a whole by combining with three movements in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, complicated three-dimensional processing can be performed continuously, with high accuracy, and with little loss time by a single chucking operation on the holding boss 3.

Thereafter, the artificial aggregate 1 processed into a desired shape is cut by cutting a portion 4 (a portion indicated by hatching in the figure) 4 including the holding boss portion 3 by hand using a file or the like. ′ And the part 4 outside the processing shape including the holding boss 3 are separated.

A reconstruction operation is performed using the artificial aggregate 1 '. In the reconstruction operation, the details of the artificial aggregate 1 'are further finished by hand according to the shape of the portion requiring repair, and the reconstruction is performed after completely shaping the artificial aggregate 1' so as to match the defect. The artificial aggregate 1 'is provided with a hole through which a thread or a wire is passed around the periphery, and the hole is used to sew the surrounding skull.

The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, although the present embodiment mainly describes an artificial bone material for forming a skull, the present invention is not particularly limited to this and can be used as a material for repairing other bones. In this embodiment, the plate-like portion 2 and the holding boss 3
Are integrally formed of ceramic and then fired, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this. The plate-shaped portion 2 which is finally processed into a desired shape and used as an artificial aggregate, and an artificial aggregate May be formed separately from the holding boss 3 which is not used, and may be integrated by an adhesive or separable joining means. For example, although not shown, a processed shape outer portion 4 having the same thickness and width as the plate-shaped portion 2 and a holding boss portion 3 are integrally formed of metal or the like, and the processed shape outer portion 4 is made of a ceramic plate. It is also possible to bond the plate-shaped portion 2 or to form a large number of needles and pins on the surface of the processed portion 4 facing the plate-shaped portion 2 and pierce the plate-shaped portion 2 to join it. Also, in this embodiment, the Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-3
The case where three-dimensional machining is performed using the five-axis control three-dimensional curved surface machine disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2087 has been mainly described, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto, and other three-dimensional machines may be used. good.

[0025]

As is apparent from the above description, the artificial aggregate of the present invention is processed into a desired shape with a holding boss that is attached to a chuck of a processing machine and is not used as an aggregate. Since the plate part used as a material is integrally fired with ceramics, it can be attached to the chuck of the three-dimensional processing machine using the holding boss part to precisely apply three-dimensional processing to the plate part. it can. Therefore, even if it is such as an artificial aggregate for skull formation that requires a strict three-dimensional shape, the remaining part, that is, the retaining boss, is left, and the other parts are at least surfaces that affect the skin. The precision machining can be compensated for on the side alone, and molding can be performed in a short time, and the remaining part of the periphery can be made sufficiently accurate by hand machining after being separated by hand machining.

When the holding boss is formed on the outer peripheral thin surface of the plate-shaped portion, the outside of the processed shape, which is cut out by hand after the strict three-dimensional processing by the three-dimensional processing machine, is formed on the surface.
Since it is the periphery of a bone fragment that does not appear on the skin side, it does not affect reconstruction even if it cannot be processed into a precise shape.

Further, by using a holding boss, three axes or five
The artificial aggregate is attached to the chuck of the three-dimensional processing machine of axis control, and the plate-shaped part is three-dimensionally processed by one chuck without changing the grip, so that the part outside the processing shape including the holding boss part is left. In addition, it is possible to precisely form an artificial aggregate having a three-dimensional curved surface without deviation of the clamp surface, and to shorten the working time. In particular, since it is possible to use a processing machine under NC control, continuous processing can be performed by an unmanned person, so that the time required for reconstructive surgery can be significantly reduced and the production cost of artificial aggregates can be significantly reduced. For example, while it has conventionally required one to two weeks, it is possible to start reconstruction surgery in a few hours.

Further, since several types of artificial aggregates can be prepared in which only the size of the plate-shaped portion is changed while keeping the size of the holding boss portion common, the one having the optimum size according to the repair situation can be prepared. By selecting, the amount of cutting can be minimized, the processing time can be reduced, the consumption of the processing tool can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced as a whole.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the artificial aggregate of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a right side view of the artificial aggregate of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the artificial aggregate of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a five-axis control machining apparatus suitable for three-dimensional machining of the artificial aggregate of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Artificial aggregate 1 'Artificial aggregate when it is cut into a desired shape 2 Plate part 3 Retaining boss part 4 Outside part of processed shape 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d Outer peripheral thin surface of plate part

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A holding boss portion which is attached to a chuck of a processing machine and is not used as an aggregate, and a plate-shaped portion which is cut into a desired shape and used as an aggregate are integrally fired with ceramics. An artificial aggregate, characterized in that: 2. The artificial aggregate according to claim 1, wherein said holding boss portion is formed on an outer peripheral thin surface of said plate-shaped portion. 3. The artificial aggregate according to claim 1 is attached to a chuck of a five-axis control machining device using a holding boss portion,
After three-dimensionally processing the plate-shaped part to obtain an artificial aggregate having a desired shape,
A method for processing an artificial aggregate, comprising cutting a portion outside a processing shape including the holding boss portion. 4. An artificial aggregate having a desired shape is obtained by attaching the artificial aggregate according to claim 1 to a chuck of a three-dimensional processing device using a holding boss, and three-dimensionally processing a plate-like portion. A method of processing an artificial aggregate, comprising cutting a portion outside the processed shape including the holding boss portion.