JP2553765B2 - Dust compression method and dust compression control device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dust compression method and a dust compression control device for compressing and storing dust in a container.

[Conventional technology]

Garbage compaction devices for compressing and storing rubbish in containers mounted on transport vehicles are installed at rubbish transfer stations where waste is collected from urban areas.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the structure of this dust compressing device is such that the pressing ram 21 can be moved inside the compressor 1 having the dust feed port 18 at the upper part and the extrusion port 19 at the front part. Provided,
A lashing device 35 for detachably connecting the container 3 is provided at the extrusion port 19 of the compressor 1.

This compression device reciprocates the pressing ram 21 between the supply port 18 and the container 3 to compress and store the dust supplied from the supply port into the compressor 1 in the container 3.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

By the way, in the above dust compression device, the volume of dust stored in each compression cycle of dust can be obtained by multiplying the area of the extrusion port 19 and the moving stroke of the pressing ram 21, and a conventional container is loaded. The number of compression cycles up to is calculated by dividing the volume of dust in each cycle by the internal volume of the container. However, in the above method, the number of cycles is calculated based on an average constant specific gravity without much consideration of changes in the specific gravity of the supplied dust. There was a problem that storage changes due to changes in weight.

For example, if the specific gravity of the stored garbage is larger than the reference specific gravity, the weight of the container in the stored state will be heavier than the allowable cumulative weight of the container, causing overloading. If the specific gravity of the standard is adjusted to the specific gravity of the heaviest dust in order to eliminate loading, the volume of the dust stored in the container becomes insufficient, and the storage efficiency is reduced.

It is also possible to measure the specific gravity of dust before it is supplied to the compressor and calculate the number of compression cycles based on it.However, even if the dust has the same specific gravity, it is compressed by a pressing ram due to the difference in hardness and density of dust. Since the volume of stored dust changes, the volume of dust stored in the container varies, and stable storage efficiency cannot be obtained.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dust compression method and a dust compression control device that can obtain stable dust storage efficiency regardless of changes in the specific gravity or density of the dust to be supplied.

[Means for solving the problem]

As a means for solving the above problems, the present invention is a container in which a movable pressing ram is reciprocated in a compressor to press dust introduced from a dust supply port in the upper part of the compressor, and which is connected to an extrusion port of the compressor. In the dust compression method of compressing and storing inside, the pressure ram is retracted from the compression position of dust and the container weight is measured by disconnecting the container from the connection state with the compressor, and the average storage weight from this container weight and the number of pushes, and this The value is used to calculate the number N of compression cycles from full load of the container to full load, and N is compared with the set number of times. If N is the set number of times or more, the container is secured and the pressure ram is completely reciprocated. After storing and compressing the dust by motion, the compression and storage for the above measurement and calculation are repeated, and when N falls below a set number of times, the complete reciprocating motion and the proportional reciprocating motion are performed according to the value of N by the final calculation. Pressing, or proportional reciprocating than it was dust compressing method comprising compressing accommodating the pressed refuse the pressing ram while lashing containers by selecting one of the pressing by.

In the dust compression method, the compression and storage by the weight measurement and calculation may be started after the predetermined weight of dust is compressed and stored in the container.

Further, as a device for controlling execution of any of the above dust compression methods, a movable pressing ram is reciprocally moved in the compressor to press dust input from a dust supply port on the upper part of the compressor,
Obtained from the weight detector that measures the weight of the container, the position detector that detects the moving position of the pressing ram, and the signal of the weight detector in the dust compression device that compresses and stores in the container connected to the extrusion port of the compressor. An arithmetic control circuit is provided which performs an arithmetic operation based on the container weight signal and outputs a control signal resulting from the arithmetic operation to a drive circuit for pressing the pressing ram and opening and closing the container securing device. The number N of compression cycles from the container weight signal measured by disconnecting from the container to the full load of the container is calculated and N is compared with the set number of times. After instructing the compression and storage of dust by motion, the above measurement and calculation are repeated. When N is equal to or less than the set number of times, it is compared with the perfect reciprocating motion according to the value of N by the final calculation. It is also possible to employ pressing by reciprocating, or a proportional refuse compression control device comprising as to press controls the press ram by selecting one of the press by reciprocating the container lashing state.

[Action]

In the dust compressing method according to the first aspect of the present invention, the container weight is measured until the set number of times with respect to the number N of compression cycles is reached, the number N of compression cycles is obtained from this measured value, and this N is compared with the set value to set the value. If it is determined that the above,
As a result, after the container is compressed and stored in a state where the container is fixed to the compressor, the measurement of the container weight and the calculation of the number N of compression cycles are repeated.

Since the container weight is measured with the compressor separated from the container, the measurement is accurately performed. or,
In the calculation of the number of dust compression cycles, the effect of changes in the dust compression storage amount is corrected by repeated calculation, and therefore,
The number N of compression cycles that reaches the set number is accurately obtained.

When N is equal to or less than the set number of times, the dust is compressed and stored according to the value of N. The ram pressing control according to the value of N is performed by selecting either pressing by the sum of complete reciprocating motion and proportional reciprocating motion or pressing by proportional reciprocating motion. A complete reciprocating motion is a reciprocating motion of the entire moving stroke of the ram in the compressor, and a proportional reciprocating motion is a value obtained by dividing the value of N by a constant or a moving stroke amount proportional to the value of N.

Therefore, in the pressing of the sum of the complete reciprocating motion and the proportional reciprocating motion, the ram is pressed with the reciprocating motion of the integer value of N and the moving stroke proportional to the value of N below the decimal point, and the dust is compressed and stored.
In the proportional reciprocating motion, the ram is pressed and moved with a moving stroke proportional to the value obtained by dividing N by a constant or the value of N.

As in the second invention, if the repeated compression and storage by weight measurement and calculation are started after the compression and storage in the predetermined weight container, the compression and storage operation of dust can be shortened.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the dust compacting device is composed of a compressor 1 having a dust feeding hopper 4 on the upper portion thereof and a container truck 2 on which a container 3 is placed. Two units are connected to each other on a rail 5 laid in a direction perpendicular to the compressor 1.

Of these two container trucks 2, one truck 2a is in a position where it can be connected to the compressor 1, and the other truck 2b faces a place 6 for loading and unloading containers to and from the container transport vehicle. While storing the waste from the compressor 1 in the container 3 on the truck 2a, the container 3 on the container truck 2b
Can be loaded and unloaded from transport vehicles.

As shown in FIG. 3, the container cart 2 is formed by mounting a mounting table 10 on a support frame 8 to which traveling wheels 7 are mounted via a plurality of weight detectors 9 such as load cells.
To the lower surface of the support frame 8, a moving cylinder 11 that slides the container truck along the rail 5 is connected.

In addition, the wheels 12 on the bottom of the container 3 are mounted on the upper surface of the mounting table 10.
Guide rails 13 for guiding the compressor toward the compressor 1,
13 is provided, and a retracting device 14 for retracting the container 3 along the guide rail 13 is provided at the front of the compressor 1.

The detected values at the respective positions detected by the plurality of weight detectors 9 are introduced into the weight calculation device 15 incorporated in the truck 2 to calculate the total weight, and the weight calculated by the weight calculation device 15 is calculated. The signal of the control device 16 as shown in FIG.
Is output to

Reference numeral 17 denotes a steady rest of the mounting table 10 with respect to the support frame 8.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the compressor 1 is provided with a supply port 18 communicating with the dust supply hopper 4 at the upper portion, and an extrusion port having substantially the same shape as the dust input port of the container is formed at the front portion.
19 are provided. Guide rails 20 in the front-rear direction are provided on both sides of the bottom surface of the rear portion of the compressor 1, and a pressing ram 21 is movably attached to the guide rails 20.

The pressing ram 21 is composed of a pressing plate 22 and skirt plates 23 and 24 attached to the upper and lower sides and both sides of the pressing plate rearward, and the length of the upper skirt plate 23 is the front and rear of the supply port 18. It is formed to be larger than the length, and the upper skirt plate 23 closes the supply port 18 when the ram 21 moves until it is deeply pushed into the front end of the compressor 1 or the container.

The pressing plate 22 is formed to have the same size as the cross-sectional shape of the compressor 1, and a ram moving cylinder 25 is connected to the rear portion of the pressing plate 22. The ram driving cylinder 25 is mounted on the base frame of the compressor 1. Is fixed via a support 26.

Further, the pressing plate 22 is formed with a handle insertion hole 30 through which a handle 29 for fixing the lid plate 28 of the container is inserted when the lid plate 28 of the container is fixed to the front surface, and is formed on the upper portion of the lower skirt plate 24. Is provided with a lid plate fastening device 31 for holding the handle 29 and fixing the lid plate 28 to the pressing plate 22.

A rotary encoder 32, which is a position detector, is attached to the rear end of the compressor 1, and a wire pulled out from the rotary encoder 32 is attached.
33 is connected to the rear end of the pressing plate 22.

This rotary encoder 32 detects the position of the pressing plate 22 by the movement of the wire 33 that moves in and out in conjunction with the movement of the pressing plate 22 in the compressor 1, and the detection signal is a weight calculation device. It is output to the control device 16 in the same manner as 15.

Further, the drive cylinder 25 of the pressing ram 21 is provided with a hydraulic pressure detector 34 for detecting the hydraulic pressure inside the cylinder, and the detected value of the hydraulic pressure detector 34 is displayed on a display meter and controlled. Output to the device 16.

On the other hand, on both side surfaces of the front part of the compressor 1, container lashing devices 35 for fixing the rear part of the container 3 to the front part of the compressor 1 are provided.

This container lashing device 35 includes a bracket 36 protruding from the side plate 1a of the compressor 1 as shown in FIGS.
Is attached with a fixing member 37 formed by arranging two plate members in parallel, and one end of a triangular link plate 39 is connected to the rear end of the fixing member 37 via a pin 38. A lashing cylinder 40 is connected to the other end. Also the link board
One end of the operating plate 41 is connected to the other end of 39, the rear end of the hook lever 42 is connected to the other end of the operating plate 41, and the pin protruding from the connecting part with the hook lever is connected.
Both ends of 43 are movably fitted in longitudinal holes 44 provided in the fixing member 37 in the front-rear direction.

Further, the rear frame 45 of the container is formed with a locking groove 47 with which the hook portion 46 at the tip of the hook lever 42 is engaged.

In the container lashing device 35 having the above structure, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5, the tip of the hook lever 42 is the engaging groove 47 of the container.
When the lashing cylinder 40 extends from the state of being engaged with, the link plate 39 rotates and the rear end of the operating plate 41 is lifted. In this case, the pin 43 is formed into the long hole 44 at the tip of the operating plate 41. It moves to the front by sliding inside. For this reason, the tip of the hook lever 42 horizontally moves straight forward and engages with the engaging groove 47.
Disengages with.

When the pin 43 moves to the front end of the long hole 44, the operating plate 41 rotates upward with the pin 43 as a fulcrum, and the tip of the hook lever 42 rotates downward. In this case, since the bracket 36 is attached to the side plate 1a of the compressor 1 with an inclination such that the lower end thereof is separated as shown in FIG. 6, the tip end of the hook lever 42 rotates downward. It moves away from the side plate of the container so as not to interfere with the rear frame 45 and the tailgate protruding from the side plate.

When the lashing cylinder 40 contracts, contrary to the above, the tip of the hook lever 42 rotates upward and then moves straight backward by sliding in the elongated hole 44 of the pin 43, and the engaging groove 47. Engage with. Then, as the lashing cylinder 40 further contracts and the operating plate 41 rotates, the hook lever 42 pulls the rear frame 45 rearward and press-fits it to the front surface of the compressor 1.

Here, the lashing cylinder 40, as shown in FIG.
It is formed by connecting two independent hydraulic cylinders 48 and 49 in series, and a hydraulic pump 52 is connected to each of the hydraulic cylinders 48 and 49 via electromagnetic valves 50 and 51, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 9, the solenoid valves 50 and 51 are control devices.
It is connected to the drive circuit 53 controlled by 16, and operates when the hydraulic pressure detector 34 detects that the pressure in the ram drive cylinder 25, which is generated by the repulsive force of the dust against the pressing ram, is below a predetermined value, By changing the flow of hydraulic oil, each hydraulic cylinder 48, 49 operates independently. In this case, the moving stroke of the one hydraulic cylinder 48 is set to a stroke that allows the hook lever 42 to move linearly in the front-rear direction with respect to the engaging groove 47 to such an extent that the fastening is loosened as described above, and the other hydraulic cylinder 48 is moved. The 49 movement strokes are
It is set to a linear movement for releasing the binding and a stroke for rotating the hook lever in a direction away from the engaging portion.

The control device 16 is, as shown in FIG.
A detection signal is constantly input from the rotary encoder 32 and the hydraulic pressure detector 34, and the average stored weight for each compression cycle by the pressing ram is calculated from the input signal, and the number of compression cycles until the container is fully loaded is calculated from the calculated weight. Then, the operation of the compressor is controlled based on the number of cycles.

The dust compressing device of this embodiment has the above-mentioned structure. Next, the dust storing work using this device will be described.

Before the garbage storage work, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the ram 21 is moved forward to block the supply port 18 of the hopper 4, and first, the container 3 placed on the container cart 2 is pulled in. It is pulled toward the compressor 1 by 14 and the dust input port 27 of the container and the extrusion port 19 of the compressor are fitted.

Next, the container lashing device 35 operates to fix the container 3 to the compressor 1, and then the lid plate lashing device 31 operates to fix the lid plate 28 to the front surface of the advanced ram 21.

From this state, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), when the ram 21 is retracted to the rear of the supply port 18, the dust in the hopper 4 falls into the compressor 1, so that FIG. When the ram 21 is advanced as shown in c), dust is pushed into the container 3 through the extrusion port 19.

By repeating the forward movement and the backward movement of the ram 21, dust is stored in the container 3 in a compressed state.

The compression cycle by the ram is executed by the number of cycles calculated by the control device 16,
Monitoring and control. FIG. 10 shows the controller 16
Shows the processing flow executed to calculate the number of cycles.

In the calculation process of the number of cycles, when the end signal of the first compression cycle is input (at this time, the ram 21 is in the forward movement position of the compressor 1), the hydraulic pressure of the ram 21 is detected in steps 1 and 2. The hydraulic pressure P of the device 34 is retracted until it becomes zero. In this state, there is no repulsive force between the container 3 and the compressor 1 because the repulsive force due to the dust contained in the ram 21 is not acting.

Next, in step 3, the hydraulic cylinder of the lashing cylinder 40
Only 48 is operated to release the binding state of the container 3 and the compressor 1 to the extent that they are slightly loosened.

Due to the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 48, the hook lever 42 only moves straight forward and the hook portion 46 is engaged with the engaging groove 47.
Face to face. Therefore, the above-mentioned oil pressure detector
Even if the container 3 repels the compressor 1 and abruptly moves due to a failure of 34 or for some reason, the hook portion 46 engages with the engagement groove 47 and stops its movement. Therefore, the container 3 is reliably held in the vicinity of the compressor 1, and accidental accidental disengagement is prevented.

When the secured state of the container is released, the container is completely separated from the compressor. Therefore, the weight detector 9 detects the weight in step 4, and the weight calculator 15 can calculate an accurate container weight wi. .

After this calculation, in step 5, the lashing cylinder
The hydraulic cylinder 48 of 40 is contracted, and the container 3 is compressed by the compressor 1.
To be tied to.

Next, in step 6, the container weight wo is calculated by subtracting the container weight w0 from the detected container weight wi.

Next, in step 7, the stored weight Σw is divided by the number of ram operations (cycle number) Σn up to that time to calculate the packed weight (average stored weight) per compression cycle.
Next, in step 8, the average storage weight Σw is subtracted from the preset full weight Wb of the container to calculate the full weight of waste Wa. Then, in step 9, the calculated dust weight Wa is divided by the average storage weight to calculate the ram operation rotation N up to the container full capacity.

Next, in step 10, the moving amount (operating amount) S of the ram is calculated from the obtained operating rotation N and the packing operation is performed. When N> 2, this first returns to START and repeats the same operation as above from the beginning.

On the other hand, when 2 ≧ N ≧ 1.5, the operation amount S is set to S = one compression cycle + (N−1), and the packing operation is performed. For example, in the case of N = 1.7, after performing one compression cycle of the ram, 0.7 times (that is, the ram is retracted by 70% with respect to the final retracted position of the compression cycle and then advanced), the filling operation is performed. Run.

When 1.5> N ≧ 1.0, the operation amount S is S = N / 2 ×
2 times. For example, when N = 1.2, 0.6 compression cycles are performed twice to perform 1.2 times of packing.

Further, in the case of 1.0> N ≧, the filling operation is executed only for S = N × 1 times (for example, 0.5 times).

By operating the ram under the conditions of step 10 as described above, it is possible to store dust in the container without wasteful space and complete the packing operation in a full state.

After storing the garbage as described above, the ram 21 and the lid plate
The fixed state of 28 is released, the lid plate is fixed to the dust input port 27 of the container 3, and then the two hydraulic cylinders 48 and 49 of the lashing cylinder 40 are simultaneously extended to move the hook lever 42 downward. Rotate. As a result, the securing of the securing device 35 is released, and the container 3 is separated from the compressor 1.

Next, the container cart 2 is moved to the unloading place 6 to load the full container on the transport vehicle, and the above-described work is repeated on the empty container facing the compressor 1.

In the above embodiment, the method of calculating the number of times of operation of the ram by obtaining the weight of waste stored for each compression cycle is shown, but if you want to shorten the time of filling the container with dust,
Alternatively, when the apparent specific gravity of most of the dust is known in advance, when the overloading is to be prevented, the packing can be performed by another method.

 The method will be described below.

In the compressor having the above structure, the number of times the ram is operated until the container is full can be obtained by dividing the container capacity by the amount of dust packed in each cycle in which the ram reciprocates.

As a result, the ram is reciprocated without detecting the weight until only half the capacity of the container is reached in the required number of operations, and only the dust packing operation is performed. After that, the weight is detected and calculated for each compression cycle to obtain the correct number of operations,
If the packing is controlled, it is possible to prevent overloading and shorten the packing processing time per container.

For example, assuming that the ram needs to be operated about 10 times to fully fill the container with dust, in this case, first, the weight detection is not performed up to 5 times, which is half, and the dust is unconditionally collected. Only stuff.

The number of times the ram was operated at this time was counted by a counter provided in the compression device, and when the number of operations reached 5 times,
The operation of step 1 in FIG. 10 is entered to detect the weight.

Here, the container weight wi detected in step 4 is
This is the weight equivalent to 5 times of ram operation.

Therefore, in step 6, the container weight wi is subtracted from the container weight wi to calculate the net waste storage weight Σw for five times.

Next, in step 7, the stored weight Σw is divided by the number of times the ram has been operated n (5 in this case), so that the average packing weight per ram operation is calculated.

Hereinafter, calculation and control will be performed based on the processing flow of FIG.

The control conditions shown in FIG. 10 described above are examples, and other control conditions may be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, the ram stop position (the position where the repulsive force of dust disappears) at the time of weight detection is detected by the hydraulic pressure of the ram drive cylinder. The binding of the binding device may be released.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described in detail above, according to the dust compression method and the compression control device of the present invention, since the container weight is measured by disconnecting the connection with the compressor, an accurate measured weight can be obtained.
Further, until the number of compression cycles reaches the set number, the compressor is fixed to the container, the dust is compressed and stored, and the lock of the compressor is released again, and the number of compression cycles is corrected by measuring and calculating the container weight. As a result, the number of compression cycles is accurate, and it is decided to control the compression and storage of dust according to the value of the final number of compression cycles obtained from this. I,
Therefore, there is an advantage that overloading or insufficient volume is prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a dust compressing apparatus of an embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same as above, FIG. 3 is a side view of a container truck, and FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional front view showing the inside of a compressor. The figure is a front view showing the container lashing device, FIG. 6 is a side view thereof, FIG. 7 is a partially transverse plan view thereof, FIG. 8 is a view showing a structure of a lashing cylinder, and FIG. 9 is a compression side face. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the control structure of the figure, FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the processing flow of the control device,
11 (a) to 11 (c) are views showing the operation of the compression device. 1 ... Compressor, 2 ... Container trolley, 3 ... Container, 9 ... Weight detector, 15 ... Weight calculation device, 16 ... Control device, 18 ... Supply port, 19 ... Extrusion port, 21 ...... Pressing ram, 25 …… Ram drive cylinder, 27 …… Dust input port, 32 …… Rotary encoder, 34 …… Hydraulic detector, 35 …… Container lashing device, 40 …… Latching cylinder, 42 …… … Hook lever, 47 …… engagement groove, 48,49 …… hydraulic cylinder, 50,51 …… solenoid valve.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A 51-109167 (JP, A) JP-A 60-167827 (JP, A) JP-A 2-112898 (JP, A) JP-A 2- 20694 (JP, A) JP 54-98060 (JP, A) Actually open 51-60675 (JP, U) Actually open 1-78923 (JP, U) Actual public 52-28952 (JP, Y2)

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A dust compression system in which a movable pressing ram is reciprocated in a compressor to push dust introduced from a dust supply port on the upper part of the compressor, and is compressed and stored in a container connected to an extrusion port of the compressor. In the method, the pressing ram is retracted from the compression position of the dust and the container is disconnected from the state of being connected to the compressor, and the container weight is measured. The number N of compression cycles from unloaded weight to full load is calculated and N is compared with the set number of times. If N is the set number of times or more, the container is secured and the pressure ram is completely reciprocated for dust compression storage. After that, the compression and storage for the above measurement and calculation are repeated, and when N becomes equal to or less than the set number of times, the complete reciprocating motion and the proportional reciprocating motion pressing or the proportional reciprocating motion pressing depending on the value of N by the final calculation. Dust compression method consists in compressing accommodating the pressed refuse the pressing ram while lashing containers by selecting either. 2. The dust compressing method according to claim 1, wherein the compression and storage by the weight measurement and calculation are started after the dust of a predetermined weight is compressed and stored in the container. 3. A dust compression system in which a movable pressing ram is reciprocated in a compressor to press dust introduced from a dust supply port on the upper part of the compressor and is compressed and stored in a container connected to an extrusion port of the compressor. In the equipment, a weight detector that measures the weight of the container, a position detector that detects the moving position of the pressing ram, and a container weight signal obtained from the signal of the weight detector are used to calculate the control signal based on the calculation result. Equipped with an operation control circuit that outputs to the drive circuit that presses the pressing ram and opens and closes the container securing device, the operation control circuit is the number of compression cycles from the container weight signal measured by disconnecting the container from the connected state to the full loading of the container. When N is calculated and N is compared with the set number of times, if N is equal to or larger than the set number of times, it is indicated by the container lashing device and the compression and storage of dust by the complete reciprocation of the pressing ram. After that, the above measurement and calculation are repeated, and when N becomes equal to or less than the set number of times, either complete reciprocal movement and proportional reciprocating pressure or proportional reciprocating pressure is selected according to the value of N by the final calculation, and the container is selected. A dust compression control device configured to press and control a pressing ram in a secured state.