JP2012192100A - Blood purifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood purifier capable of reliably preventing blood in an artery-side blood circuit or a vein-side blood circuit from being sucked by a connecting line when bringing the connecting line in an open condition.SOLUTION: The blood purifier includes: a solenoid valve V9 (opening closing means) opening and closing a flow channel in the connecting line L8 (priming line L8b); a duplex type pump 7 capable of pressurizing the inside of the connecting line L8 (priming line L8b); and a control means 16 carrying out a pressurizing step for driving the duplex type pump 7 and pressurizing the inside of the connecting line L8 (priming line L8b) while bringing the solenoid valve V9 in a closed condition, and bringing the solenoid valve V9 in an opening condition and feeding the dialysate in a dialysate introducing line L1 to the artery-side blood circuit 2 or the vein-side blood circuit 3 via the connecting line L8 (priming line L8b) after the pressurizing step, in the condition where there is blood in the artery-side blood circuit 2 and the vein-side blood circuit 3.

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus for performing blood purification treatment with a blood purifier connected to a blood circuit.

  Recently, in a dialysis machine as a blood purification apparatus, there is a technique for performing priming, blood return and replacement (emergency replacement) using dialysate for supplying to a dialyzer during dialysis treatment (particularly, on-line HDF or on-line HF). Has been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, one end is connected to a sampling port formed in a predetermined part of the dialysate introduction line, and the other end is connected to a blood circuit (arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit). A dialysis apparatus having a line (liquid feeding line) is disclosed. In order to perform priming, blood return or fluid replacement (emergency fluid replacement) with such a dialyzer, the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line is supplied to the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit) via the connection line (liquid feeding line). ) Can be supplied.

JP 2004-313522 A

However, the conventional blood purification apparatus has the following problems.
For example, after blood purification treatment is performed while circulating the patient's blood extracorporeally in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit and venous blood circuit), connection is performed when returning the blood in the blood circuit to the patient. It is necessary to supply the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line to the blood circuit by opening the line flow path. However, when the fluid pressure in the connection line is higher than the fluid pressure in the blood circuit (specifically, the fluid pressure at the connection portion with the connection line in the blood circuit), the blood flow in the connection line is opened. There is a risk that blood in the circuit may be sucked into the connection line. Such a phenomenon is not limited to when blood is returned, but may occur when the connection line is opened while blood is in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit and venous blood circuit).

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and when the connection line is opened, it is ensured that blood in the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit is sucked into the connection line. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood purification apparatus that can prevent the above.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a blood purifier that contains a blood purification membrane and purifies blood with the blood purification membrane, a proximal end is connected to the blood purification device, and a blood pump is disposed in the middle thereof. An arterial blood circuit, a venous blood circuit whose proximal end is connected to the blood purifier, a dialysate introduction line for introducing dialysate into the blood purifier, and discharging the dialysate from the blood purifier The dialysate discharge line and one end are connected to a sampling port formed in a predetermined part of the dialysate introduction line, and the other end is connected to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit, and the dialysate introduction line A blood purification device comprising a connection line capable of supplying the dialysate to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit, and an opening / closing means for opening and closing a flow path in the connection line; Pressure And a pressurizing step of pressurizing the inside of the connection line with the pressurizing means while the open / close means is closed in a state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit. And, after the pressurizing step, the control means capable of supplying the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit through the connection line by opening the opening / closing means. It is characterized by that.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the first aspect, the control means is the blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit after the blood purification treatment by the blood purifier. The pressurizing step is performed before returning the blood to the patient.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the blood purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressurizing means is disposed across the dialysate introduction line and the dialysate discharge line, and the dialysate is supplied to the blood purification apparatus. It is characterized by comprising a dual pump which is introduced into the blood purifier and discharges dialysate from the blood purifier.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the first or second aspect, the pressurizing means comprises a dewatering pump for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing through the blood purifier. Features.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the fluid pressure in the connection line is adjusted during the process in which the pressurizing step is performed by the pressurizing means. In addition to having a fluid pressure measuring means capable of measuring, the control means terminates the pressurizing step on condition that the fluid pressure measured by the fluid pressure measuring means has reached a predetermined value.

  According to the invention of claim 1, in a state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit, the pressurizing step of pressurizing the inside of the connection line by the pressurizing means while the open / close means is closed is performed. After the pressurizing step, since the opening / closing means is in an open state, a control means that can supply the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit via the connection line is provided. In the open state, blood in the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit can be reliably prevented from being sucked into the connection line.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the control means performs the pressurizing step after blood purification treatment by the blood purifier and before returning the blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit to the patient. Therefore, when the connection line is opened when returning blood, it is possible to reliably prevent blood in the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit from being sucked into the connection line. This can be performed more smoothly and reliably.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the pressurizing means is disposed across the dialysate introduction line and the dialysate discharge line, introduces the dialysate into the blood purifier and discharges the dialysate from the blood purifier. Therefore, the dual pump used at the time of blood purification treatment can be used as the pressurizing means.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since the pressurizing means comprises a dewatering pump for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing through the blood purifier, the dewatering pump used during blood purification treatment is used as the pressurizing means. Can be diverted.

  According to the invention of claim 5, the hydraulic pressure measuring means capable of measuring the hydraulic pressure in the connection line in the course of the pressurizing step by the pressurizing means is provided, and the control means is configured to measure the hydraulic pressure. Since the pressurization process is terminated on the condition that the fluid pressure measured by the means has reached a predetermined value, when the connection line is opened, the blood in the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit enters the connection line. Inhalation can be prevented more reliably.

The schematic diagram which shows the hemodialysis apparatus (blood purification apparatus) which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Schematic showing the state during the preparatory operation in the hemodialysis machine Schematic showing the state when a closed circuit is formed in the hemodialysis machine Schematic showing the state during the pressurization step in the hemodialysis machine Schematic diagram showing the state of blood return or replacement fluid in the hemodialysis machine Flow chart showing control contents by control means in the hemodialysis apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the state at the time of the preparation driving | operation in the hemodialysis apparatus (blood purification apparatus) which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic showing the state during the pressurization step in the hemodialysis machine Schematic diagram showing the state of blood return or replacement fluid in the hemodialysis machine Flow chart showing control contents by control means in the hemodialysis apparatus The flowchart which shows the control content by the control means in other embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
The blood purification apparatus according to the first embodiment is applied to a hemodialysis apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, an arterial blood circuit 2 and a venous blood circuit 3 are connected to a dialyzer 1 as a blood purification apparatus. A connection line in which a blood circuit, a dialyzer body B having a dialysate introduction line L1 and a dialysate discharge line L2, a dual pump 7 as a pressurizing means, and an electromagnetic valve V9 as an opening / closing means are arranged. L8, hydraulic pressure measuring means 12, and control means 16 are mainly configured.

  The dialyzer 1 includes a blood purification membrane (not shown) (in this embodiment, a hollow fiber type hemodiafiltration membrane, but includes a flat membrane type hemodialysis membrane or a blood filtration membrane) and introduces blood. The blood inlet 1a and the blood outlet 1b for leading the introduced blood are formed, and the dialysate inlet 1c for introducing the dialysate and the dialysate outlet 1d for discharging the introduced dialysate are formed. The dialysate is brought into contact with the blood introduced from the blood introduction port 1a through the hollow fiber membrane to purify the blood.

  The arterial blood circuit 2 is mainly composed of a flexible tube, one end of which is connected to the blood inlet 1a of the dialyzer 1 and guides blood collected from the blood vessel of the patient into the hollow fiber membrane of the dialyzer 1. A connector a to which an arterial puncture needle (not shown) can be attached is formed at the other end of the arterial blood circuit 2, and an arterial air trap chamber 5 for defoaming is connected in the middle. A blood pump 4 is provided. The blood pump 4 is a squeezing type pump (with a structure in which a flexible tube is squeezed to rotate the blood from the arterial puncture needle side toward the blood inlet 1a of the dialyzer 1 when rotated forward). .

  Similar to the arterial blood circuit 2, the venous blood circuit 3 is mainly composed of a flexible tube, and one end of the venous blood circuit 3 is connected to the blood outlet 1b of the dialyzer 1 to derive blood that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane. is there. At the other end of the venous blood circuit 3, a connector b to which a venous puncture needle (not shown) can be attached is formed, and a venous air trap chamber 6 for defoaming is connected midway. . That is, the blood of the patient collected by the arterial puncture needle reaches the dialyzer 1 via the arterial blood circuit 2, and after blood purification, flows through the venous blood circuit 3 and passes through the venous puncture needle. Thus, it is configured to return to the patient's body, thereby providing extracorporeal circulation.

  An electromagnetic valve V10 is connected to the distal side of the arterial blood circuit 2 (between the connector a and the blood pump 4 and in the vicinity of the connector a), and the distal side of the venous blood circuit 3 (connector b and A solenoid valve V11 is connected to the vein-side air trap chamber 6 and in the vicinity of the connector b). An overflow line L10 extends from the upper part of the venous air trap chamber 6 formed in the middle of the venous blood circuit 3, and an electromagnetic valve V8 is connected to the middle of the overflow line L10. .

  Before the dialysis treatment, the connector a and the connector b are connected to connect the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 2 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 3. A closed circuit on the blood circuit side can be formed in the blood circuit 3 (including a flow path through which blood in the dialyzer 1 flows). Then, by supplying dialysate into the closed circuit via the connection line L8 (specifically, the priming line L8b), the blood circuit (the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3) and the connection line are supplied. Priming work is possible by filling L8 with dialysate. In the course of the priming operation, the dialysate can overflow from the overflow line L10 to wash the closed circuit on the blood circuit side.

  End portions of a dialysate introduction line L1 and a dialysate discharge line L2 are respectively connected to the dialysate introduction port 1c and the dialysate discharge port 1d of the dialyzer 1, and are connected to the dialyzer 1 through the dialysate introduction line L1. The introduced dialysate passes through the outside of the hollow fiber membrane and is discharged from the dialysate discharge line L2. In addition, a dual pump 7 for introducing the dialysate into the dialyzer 1 through the dialysate introduction line L1 and discharging the dialysate from the dialyzer 1 is disposed in the dialyzer body B.

  The dialyzer main body B has a dialysate introduction line L1 and a dialysate discharge line L2, and has a dual pump 7, bypass lines L3 to L6, and electromagnetic valves V1 to V7. Among these, the duplex pump 7 is disposed across the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2, and introduces dialysate prepared to a predetermined concentration into the dialyzer 1 and dialysates after dialyzing from the dialyzer 1 Are to be discharged. The dual pump 7 according to the present embodiment constitutes a pressurizing means capable of pressurizing the inside of the connection line L8.

  An electromagnetic valve V1 is connected to the middle of the dialysate introduction line L1 (downstream side of the dialysate introduction line L1 connected to the connection line L8 (dialyzer 1 side)), and the middle of the dialysate discharge line L2 ( An electromagnetic valve V2 is connected to the upstream side (dialyzer 1 side) of the dialysate discharge line L2 connected to the bypass line L3. In addition, filtration filters 8 and 9 are connected between the dual pump 7 and the solenoid valve V1 in the dialysate introduction line L1.

  The filtration filters 8 and 9 are for filtering and purifying the dialysate flowing through the dialysate introduction line L1, and the filtration filters 8 and 9 bypass the dialysate discharge line L2 to guide the dialysate. Bypass lines L3 and L4 are connected to each other. Solenoid valves V3 and V4 are connected to the bypass lines L3 and L4, respectively. Note that an electromagnetic valve V6 and an atmospheric introduction line L7 are connected between the filtration filter 8 and the filtration filter 9 in the dialysate introduction line L1, and an electromagnetic valve V12 is connected to the atmospheric introduction line L7. .

  On the other hand, between the connecting part of the dialysate discharge line L2 with the bypass line L3 and the connecting part with the bypass line L4, there is a fluid pressure measuring means 12 (a fluid pressure increase detecting means) capable of measuring the fluid pressure of the dialysate. It is connected. Furthermore, the dialysate discharge line L2 is connected to bypass lines L5 and L6 that bypass the duplex pump 7, and the bypass line L5 is a filter for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing in the dialyzer 1. A water pump 10 is disposed, and an electromagnetic valve V5 that can open and close the flow path is connected to the bypass line L6.

  Further, on the upstream side of the dual pump 7 in the dialysate discharge line L <b> 2 (between the connecting portion with the bypass line L <b> 5 and the dual pump 7), a pump 14 for adjusting the fluid pressure on the drain side in the dual pump 7. Is arranged. Further, a chamber 15 is connected to the upstream side (between the pump 14 and the duplex pump 7) of the dialysate discharge line L2 (between the pump 14 and the duplex pump 7), and the chamber 15 is connected to the atmosphere open line via a check valve or the like. L9 is connected, and an electromagnetic valve V7 is connected to the atmosphere release line L9.

  Here, the electromagnetic valves V1 to V12 are opened and closed in the connection line L8 when the dual pump 7 is driven by optionally opening and closing the electromagnetic valves V1 to V12 before blood return (before the pressurization step). A closed circuit that can be pressurized is formed. Specifically, after dialysis treatment and before blood return (before the pressurization step), as shown in FIG. 3, the solenoid valves V5 and V6 are in an open state (in this embodiment, the solenoid valves V10 and V11 are also in an open state). ) And the other solenoid valves (solenoid valves V1 to V4 and solenoid valves V7 to V9, V12) are closed to form a closed circuit. The closed circuit formed here may be a closed circuit that can pressurize the inside of the connection line L8 when the dual pump 7 is driven. For example, in addition to the electromagnetic valves V5 and V6, the electromagnetic valve V2 and the like are provided. It may be in an open state.

  One end of the connection line L8 is connected to the sampling port 11 formed at a predetermined portion of the dialysate introduction line L1 (in this embodiment, the tip of the branch line L1a branched from the dialysate introduction line L1). The end is connected to the arterial blood circuit 2 (or may be the venous blood circuit 3), and the dialysate from the dialysate introduction line L1 is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3). It consists of a flow channel to obtain.

  In the middle of the connection line L8 according to the present embodiment, the replacement fluid pump 13 is disposed and the distal end of the connection line L8 is connected to the upper portion of the artery side air trap chamber 5, and the distal end of the connection line L8 is connected to the artery side blood circuit 2. It is connected between the solenoid valve V10 and the blood pump 4 and is composed of a flow path branched to a priming line L8b in which the solenoid valve V9 is disposed on the tip side. This connection line L8 is discarded together with the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 after the completion of one blood purification treatment, and like the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3, For example, it consists of a flexible tube.

  The replacement fluid pump 13 is disposed in the middle of the replacement fluid line L8a in the connection line L8, and can supply the dialysate from the dialysate introduction line L1 to the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 or venous blood circuit 3). . Like the blood pump 4, the replacement fluid pump 13 is a squeezing type pump (with a configuration in which the dialysis fluid can flow by squeezing a flexible tube constituting the replacement fluid line L 8 a when driven).

  However, the dialysate can be supplied to the closed circuit on the blood circuit side via the priming line L8b at the time of priming, returning blood, or replacement fluid (emergency replacement fluid, etc.), and the replacement fluid pump during blood purification treatment By driving 13, dialysate can be supplied into the arterial blood circuit 2 through the replacement fluid line L 8 a. In the connection line L8 according to the present embodiment, the replacement fluid line L8a is connected to the upper part of the artery side air trap chamber 5, but other parts (for example, the vein side) in the artery side blood circuit 2 or the vein side blood circuit 3 are connected. It may be connected to the upper part of the venous air trap chamber 6 formed in the blood circuit 3, or may be connected only to the priming line L8b without being connected to the replacement fluid line L8a.

  The priming line L8b is composed of a flow path in which an actuator or the like such as the replacement fluid pump 13 is not provided, and an electromagnetic valve V9 serving as an opening / closing means in the vicinity of the connection with the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3). When the electromagnetic valve V9 is opened, the dialysate introduction line L1 and the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 or venous blood circuit 3) are in communication with each other. The tip of the priming line L8b may be connected to any part of the artery side blood circuit 2 or the vein side blood circuit 3 (including the artery side air trap chamber 5 or the vein side air trap chamber 6).

  The control means 16 can perform control related to the opening / closing of arbitrary electromagnetic valves V1 to V12, and the driving or stopping of arbitrary actuators such as the duplex pump 7 (pressurizing means), the blood pump 4 and the replacement fluid pump 13. In particular, the control means 16 according to the present embodiment is composed of, for example, a microcomputer and the like, and there is blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 (in this embodiment, after blood purification treatment). In the pre-returning state), the pressurizing step of pressurizing the connection line L8 (priming line L8b in the present embodiment) with the dual pump 7 (pressurizing means) while the electromagnetic valve V9 (opening / closing means) is closed. After the pressurizing step, the solenoid valve V9 (opening / closing means) is opened and the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line L1 is connected to the artery side blood circuit 2 or vein via the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). It can be supplied to the side blood circuit 3.

  More specifically, the control means 16 is an optional solenoid valve after blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 and before returning the blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 to the patient. With the closed circuit as shown in FIG. 3 formed by V1 to V12, a pressurizing step (see FIG. 4) is performed to pressurize the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) by the dual pump 7 (pressurizing means). It is supposed to be. In the present embodiment, as shown in the figure, the control means 16 is electrically connected to the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12, but may not be electrically connected to the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12.

  Therefore, if the duplex pump 7 (pressurizing means) is driven for a predetermined time or a predetermined number of shots in a state where a closed circuit as shown in FIG. 3 is formed by any of the electromagnetic valves V1 to V12, the connection line L8 is opened and closed. Since the electromagnetic valve V9 as a means is closed, the inside of the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) can be pressurized to increase the hydraulic pressure. Since the replacement fluid line L8a in the connection line L8 is provided with an iron-type replacement fluid pump 13 in the middle thereof, the flow path is closed unless the replacement fluid pump 13 is driven. No pressure is applied.

  After performing the pressurizing step as described above, if the electromagnetic valve V9 as the opening / closing means is opened, the dialysate introduction line L1 and the blood circuit (the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3) communicate with each other. Therefore, the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line L1 can be supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 or the venous blood circuit 3 via the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). In this embodiment, the dialysate is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 or the venous blood circuit 3 to flow blood in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 and venous blood circuit 3) during extracorporeal circulation. The blood in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 and venous blood circuit 3) can be returned to the patient and returned to the patient via the arterial puncture needle and the venous puncture needle. It is said that.

Hereinafter, the control content of the control means 16 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6 and FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 2, after blood purification treatment by the blood purifier (dialyzer 1) and before returning the blood in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 and venous blood circuit 3) to the patient. The electromagnetic valves V3, V5, and V6 are in the open state (in this embodiment, the electromagnetic valves V10 and V11 are also in the open state), and the other electromagnetic valves (the electromagnetic valves V1, V2, V4, V7 to V9, and V12) are closed. In this state, the preparatory operation is performed by driving the compound pump 7 (S1). In the present embodiment, V10 and V11 on the blood circuit side may be normally closed until blood is returned.

  Then, after completing the preparatory operation, as shown in FIG. 3, the driving of the dual pump 7 is stopped, and other solenoid valves (including the solenoid valve V9 as an opening / closing means are included while the solenoid valves V5 and V6 are opened. ) Is closed to form a closed circuit (closed circuit forming step S2). That is, the closed circuit according to the present embodiment is configured so that when the compound pump 7 is driven, pressure (positive pressure) is applied to the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) in the dialysate flow path. This part is closed by a predetermined electromagnetic valve. In addition, it is preferable to position the piston of the duplex pump 7 at a predetermined position at the end of the preparation operation S1.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4, the dual pump 7 as the pressurizing means is driven to pressurize (apply positive pressure) the closed circuit formed as described above (pressurizing step S3). As a result, the inside of the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is pressurized and the hydraulic pressure rises. However, during the pressurizing step S3, the drive of the dual pump 7 is performed for a predetermined time or the number of shots, so that a desired (set) hydraulic pressure can be increased. In addition, since the electromagnetic valve V5 is opened during the pressurizing step, the dialysate on the drainage side by driving the dual pump 7 (pressurizing means) can be circulated in the bypass line L6.

  When the pressurization step S3 is completed, as shown in FIG. 5, the dialysis fluid introduction line is opened by continuously opening the electromagnetic pump V9 as an opening / closing means while continuing to drive the dual pump 7, thereby allowing the flow path to communicate. The dialysate of L1 is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 or the venous blood circuit 3 via the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). As a result, the blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 is replaced with the supplied dialysate, and blood return (or replacement fluid) is performed. When the electromagnetic valve V9 is opened, the electromagnetic valve V3 is controlled to be opened as shown in FIG. The timing for opening the solenoid valve V3 needs to be controlled to be the same as the timing for opening the solenoid valve V9 or slightly later than the timing for opening the solenoid valve V9.

  According to this embodiment, in a state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3, the connection line L8 is connected by the dual pump 7 (pressurizing means) while the electromagnetic valve V9 (opening / closing means) is closed. (Priming line L8b) A pressurizing step for pressurizing the inside is performed, and after the pressurizing step, the electromagnetic valve V9 (opening / closing means) is opened to connect the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line L1 to the connection line L8 (priming line). Since the control means 16 that can be supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 (or the venous blood circuit 3) via L8b) is provided, when the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is opened, the arterial blood circuit 2 is provided. It is possible to reliably prevent blood in (or the venous blood circuit 3) from being sucked into the connection line (priming line L8b).

  Particularly in this embodiment, the control means 16 performs the pressurizing step after blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 and before returning the blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 to the patient. Therefore, when the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is opened when returning blood, blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3) is sucked into the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the blood from returning, and to return blood more smoothly and reliably.

  In addition, the pressurizing means is disposed across the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2, and is composed of the dual pump 7 for introducing the dialysate into the dialyzer 1 and discharging the dialysate from the dialyzer 1. The dual pump 7 used at the time of blood purification treatment can be used as a pressurizing means. In addition, as long as the pressurization means can pressurize the inside of the connection line L8 (priming line L8b), other general-purpose means may be used instead of the dual pump 7 or together with the dual pump 7.

Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the blood purification apparatus according to the second embodiment is applied to a hemodialysis apparatus. As shown in FIG. 7, an arterial blood circuit 2 and a dialyzer 1 as a blood purification apparatus are provided. A blood circuit to which the venous blood circuit 3 is connected, a dialyzer body B having a dialysate introduction line L1 and a dialysate discharge line L2, a dewatering pump 10 as a pressurizing means, a connection line L8, a liquid The pressure measuring unit 12 and the control unit 16 are mainly configured. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to 1st Embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The pressurizing means according to the present embodiment is composed of a water removal pump 10 for removing water from the blood of a patient flowing through the dialyzer 1, and in particular, the water removal pump 10 used in the present embodiment has a normal rotation. And a reversible dewatering pump. That is, at the time of blood purification treatment, the water removal pump 10 can rotate forward to increase the flow rate of the dialysate on the drain side of the duplex pump 7 compared to the supply side, and water can be removed. Thus, the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) can be pressurized.

Hereinafter, the control contents of the control means 16 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. 10 and FIGS. 7 to 9.
After the blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 and before returning the blood in the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 and venous blood circuit 3) to the patient, as shown in FIG. While V5 and V6 are opened (in this embodiment, the solenoid valves V10 and V11 are also opened), the other solenoid valves (solenoid valves V1, V2, V4, V7 to V9, and V12) are closed and in this state A preparatory operation is performed by driving the compound pump 7 (S1). In the present embodiment, V10 and V11 on the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 2 and / or venous blood circuit 3) side may be normally closed until blood is returned.

  Then, after completing the preparatory operation, as shown in FIG. 8, the driving of the dual pump 7 is stopped and the water removal pump 10 as the pressurizing means is driven (reverse driving), and the connection line L8 (priming line) L8b) is pressurized (given positive pressure) to increase the hydraulic pressure (pressurizing step S2). At this time, the electromagnetic valve V5 is closed. However, in the pressurizing step S2, the desired (set) hydraulic pressure can be increased by causing the water removal pump 10 to perform reverse rotation driving for a predetermined time.

  When the pressurizing step S2 is completed, as shown in FIG. 9, the electromagnetic valve V5 is opened again and the electromagnetic pump V9 as the opening / closing means is opened while the compound pump 7 is driven again, so that the flow path is communicated. As a result, the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line L1 is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 2 or the venous blood circuit 3 via the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). As a result, the blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 is replaced with the supplied dialysate, and blood return (or replacement fluid) is performed.

  According to the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, in the state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3, the dewatering pump 10 ( A pressurizing step of pressurizing the inside of the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) with a pressurizing unit) is performed, and after the pressurizing step, the electromagnetic valve V9 (opening / closing unit) is opened to dialyze the dialysate introduction line L1. Since the control means 16 that can supply the fluid to the arterial blood circuit 2 (or the venous blood circuit 3) via the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is provided, the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is opened. When this is done, blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3) can be reliably prevented from being sucked into the connection line (priming line L8b).

  Particularly in this embodiment, the control means 16 performs the pressurizing step after blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 and before returning the blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3 to the patient. Therefore, when the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is opened when returning blood, blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3) is sucked into the connection line L8 (priming line L8b). It is possible to reliably prevent the blood from leaking, and to return blood more smoothly and reliably.

  Moreover, since the pressurizing means includes the water removal pump 10 for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing through the dialyzer 1, the water removal pump 10 used during blood purification treatment can be diverted as the pressure means. In addition, as long as the pressurization means can pressurize the inside of the connection line L8 (priming line L8b), you may use another general-purpose means instead of the water removal pump 10 or with the water removal pump 10.

  Here, the control unit 16 according to the above embodiment is configured to perform the pressurization step by causing the water removal pump 10 as the pressurization unit to be driven only for a predetermined time. The control content shown in FIG. In other words, the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12 capable of measuring the hydraulic pressure in the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) in the course of the pressurizing step by the pressurizing means (water removal pump 10) is provided. On the premise that the measuring means 12 and the control means 16 are electrically connected, the control means 16 performs the water removal pump after the preparatory operation S1 and the closed circuit formation step S2 (steps similar to the above embodiment). 10 (pressurizing means) is driven to pressurize the closed circuit including the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) (S3), and it is determined whether or not the hydraulic pressure measured by the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12 has reached a predetermined value. Determine (S4). Then, on the condition that the hydraulic pressure measured by the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12 has reached a predetermined value, the pressurization (pressurizing process) to the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is terminated, and the electromagnetic valve V9 as the opening / closing means. Returning blood or replacing fluid is started by opening the (S5).

  According to the other embodiments as described above, the hydraulic pressure measurement capable of measuring the hydraulic pressure in the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) in the course of the pressurizing process by the water removal pump 10 (pressurizing means). In addition to the means 12, the control means 16 terminates the pressurizing process on condition that the hydraulic pressure measured by the hydraulic pressure measuring means 12 has reached a predetermined value, so the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) is connected. In the open state, it is possible to more reliably prevent blood in the arterial blood circuit 2 (or venous blood circuit 3) from being sucked into the connection line L8 (priming line L8b).

  However, since the fluid pressure measuring means 12 according to the present embodiment is connected to the dialysate discharge line L2, a general-purpose device provided with the fluid pressure measuring means 12 is applied to the dialysate discharge line L2. The hydraulic pressure in the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) at the time of the pressure process can be measured. The hydraulic pressure measuring means 12 may be any position as long as the hydraulic pressure in the connection line L8 (priming line L8b) can be measured in the course of the pressurizing process by the water removal pump 10 (pressurizing means). You may arrange | position in this site | part.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the pressurization step performed by the control means is performed after the blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 and the arterial blood circuit 2 and The blood in the venous blood circuit 3 is not limited to being returned before returning the blood to the patient, but during blood purification treatment by the dialyzer 1 (that is, the patient's blood is stored in the arterial blood circuit 2 and the venous blood circuit 3). It may be during extracorporeal circulation).

  Opening and closing means for opening and closing the flow path in the connection line, pressurizing means for pressurizing the inside of the connection line, and pressurization while closing the opening and closing means in a state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit The pressurizing step of pressurizing the inside of the connection line by means is performed, and after the pressurizing step, the open / close means is opened and the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line passes through the connection line to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood Any blood purification device provided with a control means that can be supplied to the circuit can be applied to devices to which other functions are added.

1 ... Dializer (blood purifier)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 ... Arterial side blood circuit 3 ... Vein side blood circuit 4 ... Blood pump 5 ... Arterial side air trap chamber 6 ... Vein side air trap chamber 7 ... Duplex pump 8, 9 ... Filtration filter 10 ... Dewatering pump 11 ... Collection port 12 ... Hydraulic pressure measuring means 13 ... Replacement pump 14 ... Pump 15 ... Chamber 16 ... Control means L1 ... Dialysate introduction line L2 ... Dialysate discharge line L8 ... Connection line

Claims (5)

A blood purifier that contains a blood purification membrane and purifies the blood with the blood purification membrane;
An arterial blood circuit in which a proximal end is connected to the blood purifier and a blood pump is disposed in the middle thereof;
A venous blood circuit having a proximal end connected to the blood purifier;
A dialysate introduction line for introducing dialysate into the blood purifier,
A dialysate discharge line for discharging dialysate from the blood purifier,
One end is connected to a sampling port formed in a predetermined part of the dialysate introduction line, and the other end is connected to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit. A connection line that can be fed to the side blood circuit or the venous side blood circuit;
A blood purification apparatus comprising:
Opening and closing means for opening and closing the flow path in the connection line;
A pressurizing means capable of pressurizing the inside of the connection line;
In a state where there is blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit, a pressurizing step of pressurizing the connection line by the pressurizing unit while the open / close unit is closed is performed, and the pressurizing step Thereafter, the control means capable of supplying the dialysate of the dialysate introduction line to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit through the connection line with the open / close means open.
A blood purification apparatus comprising:   The control means causes the pressurizing step to be performed after blood purification treatment by the blood purifier and before returning the blood in the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit to the patient. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1.   The pressurizing means is disposed across the dialysate introduction line and the dialysate discharge line, and comprises a dual pump for introducing the dialysate into the blood purifier and discharging the dialysate from the blood purifier. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.   3. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing means comprises a water removal pump for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing through the blood purification device.   The pressure measuring means includes a hydraulic pressure measuring means capable of measuring the hydraulic pressure in the connection line in the course of the pressurizing step, and the control means measures the liquid pressure measured by the hydraulic pressure measuring means. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressurizing step is terminated on condition that the pressure has reached a predetermined value.

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