JP2011150597A - Communication apparatus, medium and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a communication apparatus that is superior in shortening command processing time due to the occurrence of a reception error. <P>SOLUTION: The communication apparatus includes: a communication means that communicates with a communication medium; and a communication control means that transmits first information including a command to the communication medium by the communication means and transmits second information including a response request and the command in response to detection of the reception error from the communication medium to the command. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a communication device that communicates with a communication medium such as an IC card. The present invention also relates to a communication medium that communicates with a communication device such as a communication terminal operated by an operator. The present invention also relates to a communication method applicable to these communication apparatuses and communication media.

  In recent years, IC cards having various functions have appeared. For example, an IC card having a contact interface composed of metal terminals and a non-contact interface composed of an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves has appeared (see Patent Document 1).

  In addition, IC cards capable of supporting a plurality of communication protocols have also appeared. For example, an IC card that can handle both TCP / IP and ISO7816 communication protocols has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).

  With the advent of these IC cards, the use of IC cards has expanded. For example, IC cards are not only used for payment of credit cards, commuter passes, passports, licenses, and other commercial transactions, but also employee cards, membership cards, insurance cards. It is also used in various fields as an ID card.

  For example, a terminal that processes an IC card transmits a command to the IC card and waits for a command execution result (response) from the IC card. The IC card receives a command transmitted from the terminal, executes an operation based on the received command, and transmits a command execution result (response) to the terminal.

  When the IC card and the terminal transmit / receive a command, a reception error may occur. In the case of non-contact communication, the tendency for the reception error to occur becomes high. For example, when the terminal detects a reception error of a response from the IC card, the terminal transmits a response request to the IC card. The IC card receives a response request from the terminal, detects the occurrence of a response reception error, and transmits a command retransmission request to the terminal. When the terminal receives a command retransmission request from the IC card, the terminal retransmits the command to the IC card. The IC card receives the command retransmitted from the terminal, executes an operation based on the received command, and transmits the command execution result to the terminal.

  As described above, when a reception error occurs, communication processing between the terminal and the IC card increases, and as a result, the command processing time may become long. IC card providers or IC card users demand IC cards that are more convenient to use, and shortening the command processing time is important.

JP 2005-216234 A JP 2004-151864 A

  However, neither of the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2 discloses a technique related to shortening the command processing time caused by the occurrence of the reception error as described above.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a communication device, a communication medium, and a communication method that are excellent in shortening a command processing time due to occurrence of a reception error.

  A communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a communication unit that communicates with a communication medium; and the communication unit transmits first information including a command to the communication medium, and a response from the communication medium to the command. Communication control means for transmitting a response request and second information including the command in response to detection of a reception error.

  A communication medium according to an embodiment of the present invention supports communication means for communicating with a communication apparatus, and detection of an error in receiving first information including first processing identification information and a command from the communication apparatus by the communication means. The second process identification information is maintained without being updated, and the communication means receives the first information including the first process identification information, the response request, and the command from the communication device. A command for executing a process corresponding to the command included in the second information, transmitting a command execution result, and executing a response process for updating the second process identification information to the third process identification information And a processing means.

  A communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention transmits first information including a command to a communication medium, and responds to detection of an error in receiving a response from the communication medium with respect to the command. The second information including the command is transmitted.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the communication apparatus, the communication medium, and the communication method which were excellent in shortening of the command processing time resulting from reception error generation can be provided.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the card reader / writer of the IC card system shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the IC card of the IC card system shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of 1st error processing (error processing when an IC card cannot receive a command correctly). It is a figure which shows an example of 2nd error processing (error processing when an IC card cannot receive a command correctly). It is a figure which shows an example of the 3rd error process (error process when a terminal cannot receive a command correctly). It is a figure which shows an example of the 4th error process (error process when a terminal cannot receive a command correctly).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card system (also called a smart card system) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the IC card system includes a terminal 1 (communication device) and an IC card 2 (communication medium). The terminal 1 includes a main body (upper apparatus) 11, a display 12, a keyboard 13, and a card reader / writer 14. The terminal 1 is configured to be communicable with the IC card 2, and the terminal 1 transmits data to the IC card 2 and receives data from the IC card 2.

  The main body 11 can selectively execute a plurality of communication methods and a plurality of applications. The display 12 displays a result of communication with the IC card 2 and an authentication result. The keyboard 13 inputs characters and numbers to the main body 11. The card reader / writer 14 communicates with the IC card 2.

  In this embodiment, the case where the IC card 2 is a non-contact type card will be described. However, the IC card 2 may be a combination type card that supports both the non-contact type and the contact type. .

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the card reader / writer 14 according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the card reader / writer 14 includes an antenna 141, a communication I / F 142, a CPU 143, a data memory 144, a RAM 145, and a ROM 146. The CPU 143 functions as a communication control unit, for example, and controls transmission of information including a command to the IC card 2 or detects a reception error (an error based on a timeout or error check code) of a response from the IC card 2. Or setting, maintaining, and updating of a block number, which will be described later. Further, the data memory 144 stores a Block Number that is set, maintained, or updated.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the IC card 2 is a plastic card, for example, and includes an IC chip 20 (IC module). The IC chip 20 includes a communication I / F 201, a CPU 204, a data memory 205, a RAM 206, and a ROM 207. Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the IC card 2 includes an antenna 21. The CPU 204 functions as, for example, a command processing unit, interprets and executes a command transmitted from the terminal 1, controls a return of a command execution result to the terminal 2, sets and maintains a block number to be described later, And control updates. Further, the data memory 205 stores a Block Number that is set, maintained, or updated.

  Next, an example of command processing in the case where no error occurs will be described.

  For example, the terminal 1 (CPU 143, communication I / F 142, antenna 141) described above sets Block Number = 0 (processing identification information = 0) as an initial value, and includes the first command including the first command for the IC card 2. 1 information is transmitted, and the first command execution result (response) from the IC card 2 is waited for. The first information includes the set Block Number = 0, the first command, an error check code, and the like. The error check code is a code used for checking an error in the data included in the first information. For example, the error check code includes a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) code or a parity code.

  The IC card 2 (CPU 204, communication I / F 201, antenna 21) sets Block Number = 1 (processing identification information = 1) as an initial value, receives the first command transmitted from the terminal 1, and receives the first command The command is interpreted and executed, Block Number = 1 is updated to Block Number = 0, and the first command execution result (response) is transmitted to the terminal 1. The first command execution result includes the updated Block Number = 0, error check code, and the like. The error check code is a code used for checking an error of data included in the first command execution result. For example, the error check code includes a CRC code or a parity code.

  The terminal 1 (CPU 143, communication I / F 142, antenna 141) receives the first command execution result (response) from the IC card 2 and updates Block Number = 0 to Block Number = 1. On the other hand, the second information including the second command is transmitted, and the second command execution result (response) from the IC card 2 is awaited. The second information includes the updated Block Number = 1, the second command, an error check code, and the like.

  The terminal 1 and the IC card 2 communicate with each other, and as described above, the block number set as the initial value of the terminal 1 and the block number set as the initial value of the IC card 2 are different values. . The block number set in the terminal 1 is a flag that switches from “0” → “1” → “0” as the process proceeds. Similarly, the block number set in the IC card 2 also progresses. At the same time, the flag is switched from “1” → “0” → “1”.

  For example, as described above, the terminal 1 sets Block Number = 0 as the initial value, and maintains the Block Number = 0 as the initial value in the first command transmission process to the IC card 2, and the second and subsequent commands In the transmission process, the block number is switched from “0” → “1” → “0” in accordance with the command transmission process. One IC card sets Block Number = 1 as an initial value, maintains Block Number = 1 as the initial value in the first response transmission process for terminal 1, and transmits a response in the second and subsequent response transmission processes. The block number is switched from “1” → “0” → “1” according to the processing. Thereby, in normal command processing, the Block Number included in the predetermined command transmitted from the terminal 1 and the Block Number included in the response to the predetermined command from the IC card 2 are the same.

  Next, an example of the first to fourth error processing will be described with reference to FIGS. The abbreviations shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 are descriptions according to ISO, and the meanings of the abbreviations are as follows.

PCB: Protocol Control Byte
CID: Card Identifier
NAD: Node Address
INF: Information Field
CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
C-APDU: Command Application Protocol Data
I-Block: Information Block
R-APDU: Response Application Protocol Data
R-Block: Receive ready Block
First, the first error processing will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of first error processing (error processing when the IC card 2 cannot receive a command correctly). This first error processing corresponds to communication processing at the time of command transmission / reception defined in ISO1443-4.

  When the communication method between the terminal 1 and the IC card 2 is the T = CL protocol, the first information (first command) transmitted from the terminal 1 is temporarily assumed by the IC card 2 as shown in FIG. IC card 2 (CPU 204) detects a reception error and enters a no-response state. At this time, the IC card 2 maintains the Block Number = 1 set as the initial value without updating it. In the case of FIG. 4, the first information is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, CRC including Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1, and the IC card 2 A reception error is detected based on an error check code (for example, a CRC code) included in the first information transmitted from 1.

  As described above, when the IC card 2 enters a non-response state, the terminal 1 (CPU 143) detects a response reception error (response timeout) after transmitting a command to the IC card 2, and the terminal 1 Then, a response request composed of PCB, CID, and CRC is transmitted to the IC card 2. The PCB of the response request includes Block Number = 0 set as an initial value.

  The IC card 2 receives the response request, and Block Number = 0 included in the first information that was not correctly received last time is the same as Block Number = 0 included in the response request received this time. Therefore (because the Block Number has not been switched), it is recognized that the response request corresponds to the command reception error, and the Block Number of the IC card 2 set as the initial value is not updated. Recognizing that it is a response request corresponding to command reception abnormality, a command retransmission request composed of PCB, CID, and CRC is transmitted to the terminal 1.

  The terminal 1 receives the command retransmission request from the IC card 2 and transmits the first information again to the IC card 2. The first information is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC including Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1.

  In the first error processing described above, communication processing between the terminal 1 and the IC card 2 increases, and as a result, the command processing time may be long.

  Therefore, the command processing time can be shortened by the second error processing described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the second error processing will be described.

  When the communication method between the terminal 1 and the IC card 2 is the T = CL protocol, the first information (first command) transmitted from the terminal 1 is temporarily assumed by the IC card 2 as shown in FIG. IC card 2 (CPU 204) detects a reception error and enters a no-response state. At this time, the IC card 2 maintains the Block Number = 1 set as the initial value without updating it. In the case of FIG. 5, the first information is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, CRC including Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1, and the IC card 2 A reception error is detected based on an error check code (for example, a CRC code) included in the first information transmitted from 1.

  As described above, when the IC card 2 enters a no-response state, the terminal 1 (CPU 143) detects a response reception error (response timeout) after transmitting a command to the IC card 2. At this time, the terminal 1 transmits the second information including the response request and the first command to the IC card 2. The second information is composed of PCB, CID, PCB, CID, NAD, INF, CRC, and the like. Specifically, the second information includes Block Number = 0 set as an initial value, a response request, a first command, an error check code, and the like. The error check code is a code used for checking an error in the data included in the second information.

  The IC card 2 receives the second information, and Block Number = 0 included in the first information that was not correctly received last time, and Block Number = 0 included in the second information received this time. Are the same (because the Block Number is not switched), it is recognized that the response request corresponds to the command reception error, and the Block Number of the IC card 2 set as the initial value is updated. Therefore, it is recognized that the response request corresponds to an abnormal command reception. The IC card 2 interprets and executes the first command included in the second information, updates Block Number = 1 to Block Number = 0, and executes the first command execution result including Block Number = 0 ( Response) to the terminal 1. The first command execution result is composed of, for example, PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC.

  As described above, in the second error processing, the terminal 1 transmits the response request and the command together, and the IC card 2 receives the response request and the command together, interprets and executes the command, and executes the command. The result can be returned. Therefore, the second error process can reduce the communication process (time) between the terminal 1 and the IC card 2 compared to the first error process, and consequently shortens the command processing time. be able to. In addition, since the second error process can reduce the communication process (time) compared to the first error process, power consumption can also be suppressed.

  Next, the third error process will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of third error processing (error processing when the terminal 1 cannot correctly receive a command). The third error process is a communication process at the time of command transmission / reception defined in ISO1443-4.

  When the IC card 2 correctly receives the first information (first command) transmitted from the terminal 1, the IC card 2 interprets and executes the first command, and Block Number = set as the initial value = 1 is updated to Block Number = 0, and the first command execution result (response) is transmitted to the terminal 1. The first command execution result includes the updated Block Number = 0, error check code, and the like. The IC card 2 stores the first command execution result for a predetermined period. In the case of FIG. 6, the first information is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC including Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1, and the IC card 2 is transmitted from the terminal 1. A reception error is detected based on an error check code (for example, CRC code) included in the transmitted first information. Further, the first command execution result is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC including Block Number = 1 set as an initial value in the IC card 2.

  If the terminal 1 cannot correctly receive the first command execution result transmitted from the IC card 2, the terminal 1 detects a reception error and configures the IC card 1 with PCB, CID, and CRC. Send the requested response. The PCB of the response request includes Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1. In the case of FIG. 6, the terminal 1 detects a reception error based on an error check code (for example, a CRC code) included in the first command execution result transmitted from the IC card 2.

  The IC card 2 receives the response request from the terminal 1, and Block Number = 0 included in the first information received last time is the same as Block Number = 0 included in the response request received this time. Therefore (because the Block Number has not been switched), it is recognized that the response request corresponds to the command reception abnormality, and the Block Number of the IC card 2 set as the initial value has been updated. Recognizing that the terminal 2 side command reception is abnormal, it is determined that the process corresponding to the first command included in the first information has been executed, and the process corresponding to the first command is not executed. The stored first command execution result is transmitted to the terminal 1. Thus, since the IC card 2 does not execute the process corresponding to the first command, the Block Number is not updated and the Block Number = 0 is maintained. Therefore, the first command execution result includes Block Number = 0.

  The terminal 1 receives the first command execution result from the IC card 2. If the terminal 1 can correctly receive the first command execution result, the terminal 1 updates Block Number = 0 set as the initial value to Block Number = 1, and includes the second command for the IC card 2. Send the second information. The second information includes the updated Block Number = 1, the second command, the error check code, and the like.

  When the IC card 2 can correctly receive the second information from the terminal 1, the IC card 2 interprets and executes the second command included in the second information, and changes Block Number = 1 to Block Number = 0. The second command execution result (response) is transmitted to the terminal 1. The second command execution result includes the updated Block Number = 0, error check code, and the like. The IC card 2 stores the second command execution result for a predetermined period.

  Next, the fourth error processing will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of fourth error processing (error processing when the terminal 1 cannot correctly receive a command).

  When the IC card 2 correctly receives the first information (first command) transmitted from the terminal 1, the IC card 2 interprets and executes the first command, and Block Number = set as the initial value = 1 is updated to Block Number = 0, and the first command execution result (response) is transmitted to the terminal 1. The first command execution result includes the updated Block Number = 0, error check code, and the like. The IC card 2 stores the first command execution result for a predetermined period. In the case of FIG. 7, the first information is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC including Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1, and the IC card 2 is from the terminal 1. A reception error is detected based on an error check code (for example, CRC code) included in the transmitted first information. Further, the first command execution result is composed of PCB, CID, NAD, INF, and CRC including Block Number = 1 set as an initial value in the IC card 2.

  If the terminal 1 cannot correctly receive the first command execution result transmitted from the IC card 2, the terminal 1 detects a reception error and sends a response request to the IC card 1 and the first command. 2nd information including is transmitted. The second information is composed of PCB, CID, PCB, CID, NAD, INF, CRC, and the like. Specifically, the second information includes Block Number = 0 set as an initial value in the terminal 1.

  The IC card 2 receives the second information from the terminal 1, and Block Number = 0 included in the first information received last time and Block Number = 0 included in the second information received this time Are the same (because the Block Number is not switched), it is recognized that the response request corresponds to the command reception error, and the Block Number of the IC card 2 set as the initial value is updated. Therefore, the terminal 2 recognizes that the command reception is abnormal, determines that the process corresponding to the first command included in the first information has been executed, and performs the process corresponding to the first command. The stored first command execution result is transmitted to the terminal 1 without executing it. Thus, since the IC card 2 does not execute the process corresponding to the first command, the Block Number is not updated and the Block Number = 0 is maintained. Therefore, the first command execution result includes Block Number = 0.

  The terminal 1 receives the first command execution result from the IC card 2. If the terminal 1 can correctly receive the first command execution result, the terminal 1 updates Block Number = 0 set as the initial value to Block Number = 1, and includes the second command for the IC card 2. Send third information. The third information includes the updated Block Number = 1, the second command, the error check code, and the like.

  When the IC card 2 can correctly receive the third information from the terminal 1, the IC card 2 interprets and executes the second command included in the second information, and changes Block Number = 1 to Block Number = 0. The second command execution result (response) is transmitted to the terminal 1. The second command execution result includes the updated Block Number = 0, error check code, and the like. The IC card 2 stores the second command execution result for a predetermined period.

  As described above, even if the terminal 1 transmits the response request and the command together and the IC card 2 receives the response request and the command together by the fourth error processing, the command is not executed. The stored command execution result can be returned. Thereby, the IC card 2 can appropriately cope with the response request and the command received together.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, the embodiments may be appropriately combined as much as possible, and in that case, the combined effect can be obtained. Further, the above embodiments include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, even if some constituent requirements are deleted from all the constituent requirements shown in the embodiment, the problem described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and the effect described in the column of the effect of the invention Can be obtained as an invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Terminal, 2 ... IC card, 3 ... IC card holder, 11 ... Main body, 12 ... Display, 13 ... Keyboard, 14 ... Card reader / writer, 20 ... IC chip, 21 ... Antenna, 141 ... Antenna, 142 ... Communication I / F, 143 ... CPU, 144 ... data memory, 145 ... RAM, 146 ... ROM, 201 ... communication I / F, 204 ... CPU, 205 ... data memory, 206 ... RAM, 207 ... ROM

Claims (11)

A communication means for communicating with the communication medium;
First information including a command is transmitted to the communication medium by the communication means, and in response to detection of a reception error in a response from the communication medium to the command, a second request including the response request and the command Communication control means for transmitting information;
A communication device comprising:   The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication control unit transmits the second information in response to detection of a timeout of a reception waiting time for a response from the communication medium to the command.   The said communication control means transmits the said 2nd information corresponding to the error detection based on the error check code contained in the response from the said communication medium with respect to the said command, The said 2nd information is transmitted. Communication device.   The communication control means includes first processing identification information included in the first information transmitted before detection of the reception error, and second information included in the second information transmitted after detection of the reception error. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the two process identification information is controlled to be the same process identification information. A communication means for communicating with the communication device;
Corresponding to the detection of the reception error of the first information including the first process identification information and the command from the communication device by the communication means, the second process identification information is maintained without being updated, and the communication means When the second information including the first process identification information, the response request, and the command is received from the communication device, the process corresponding to the command included in the second information is executed. Command processing means for transmitting a command execution result and executing a response process for updating the second process identification information to the third process identification information;
A communication medium with A communication means for communicating with the communication device;
In response to the reception of the first information including the first process identification information and the command from the communication device by the communication means, the process corresponding to the command included in the first information is executed, Update the process identification information of 2 to the third process identification information, execute a first response process for transmitting a command execution result, and execute the first process identification information and response request from the communication device by the communication means. When the second information including the command is received, the second response process for transmitting the command execution result is executed without executing the process corresponding to the command included in the second information. Command processing means to
A communication medium with   The communication medium according to claim 6, wherein the command processing unit maintains the third process identification information without updating in the second response process.   When the command processing means receives the second information, the command processing means includes the first processing identification information included in the first information and the first processing identification information included in the second information. And the second response processing is executed because the second processing identification information is updated to the third processing identification information. Communication medium. Sending first information including a command to the communication medium;
A communication method for transmitting a response request and second information including the command in response to detection of an error in receiving a response to the command from the communication medium. Corresponding to the detection of the reception error of the first information including the first process identification information and the command from the communication device, the second process identification information is maintained without being updated,
When receiving the first process identification information, the response request, and the second information including the command from the communication device, execute the process corresponding to the command included in the second information, A communication method for executing a response process for updating the second process identification information to the third process identification information and transmitting a command execution result. In response to receiving the first processing identification information and the first information including the command from the communication device, the processing corresponding to the command included in the first information is executed, and the command execution result is transmitted. Execute the first response process, execute the first response process to update the second process identification information to the third process identification information,
Without receiving the first process identification information, the response request, and the second information including the command from the communication device, and executing the process corresponding to the command included in the second information, A communication method for executing a second response process for transmitting the command execution result.

Images