JP2009186632A - Temperament control method, computer program for controlling temperament, and temperament control device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To harmonize performance of an accompaniment keyboard and a melody keyboard, by changing temperament of not only the accompaniment keyboard, but also the melody keyboard, based on a chord indicated by the accompaniment keyboard. <P>SOLUTION: Based on the chord detected in a step 12 (chord changing processing) of a flowchart (not shown) of key processing and chord change processing, the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is set/changed (step 46). If the accompaniment temperament t2 is not a just intonation etc. (step 47), a melody temperament is set/changed to an equal temperament (step 58). If the accompaniment temperament t2 is the just intonation etc. (step 47), the melody temperament t1 is set/changed to a middle temperament etc. (step 48 to 55). Here, interval difference of the accompaniment temperament t2 from the melody temperament t1 is checked (step 50 and 52), and the temperament with the least interval difference is selected (step 52 to 55). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a temperament control method, a computer program for temperament control, and a temperament control device, and more particularly to a harmonized temperament over a plurality of pronunciation instruction means.

  Conventionally, when a temperament is set / changed, a predetermined changeover switch or setting switch is provided, and a temperament type such as an electronic keyboard instrument and a temperament key are changed by changing or setting the switch. Such temperament types include a pure temperament, a Pythagorean temperament, an average temperament, and an intermediate temperament between these pitches. There are 12 types of temperament keys, C, C #,.

Japanese Patent No. 2598634

  However, in this case, when it is desired to change the temperament, it is necessary to operate the switch one by one, and it takes time and effort to change the temperament. Therefore, it is conceivable to change the temperament automatically, but it has been unclear how to change the temperament automatically based on what.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a plurality of first sound generation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, and a plurality of second sound generation instructions having a sound range or key range different from those of the first sound generation instruction means. And the phonology of the first pronunciation instruction means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instruction means for which the pronunciation instruction has been given, and the second pronunciation instruction means The temperament is changed or restricted to a temperament having a small pitch difference with respect to the temperament of the changed first pronunciation instruction means.

  Thereby, the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means can be changed based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instruction means, and further, the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means is also changed to the first pronunciation instruction. It is changed or regulated to a temperament having a small pitch difference with respect to the temperament of the means, so that both performances of the sound generation instruction means do not feel uncomfortable, and both performances can be harmonized and the musical sounds of both performances can be harmonized.

  The temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means is changed in accordance with the performance code / performance chord of the first pronunciation instruction means, and the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means is switched to one with a small pitch difference following this. be able to.

  The temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means such as a melody keyboard may be selected to be the same temperament as the first pronunciation instruction means of the accompaniment keyboard, but may be slightly different. However, this may be better for the sound. This is because the pure temperament and the Pythagorean temperament have a large difference from the normal temperament, and they sound unnatural when played as a scale. In addition, a slightly different temperament causes fluctuations in the resonance between the accompaniment sound and the melody sound, and the human ear often tends to feel comfortable.

  Also, when either the first pronunciation instruction means or the second pronunciation instruction means is instructing, the change or regulation of the temperament by the first temperament changing means and / or the second temperament changing means is prohibited. Or wait or postpone until the instruction is finished.

  Thereby, when the second pronunciation instruction means such as a melody keyboard is instructing, the temperament change by the first temperament change means is prohibited / wait / postponed, and the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means such as accompaniment is not changed. Therefore, the temperament change can be prohibited / waited / postponed during operation over different pronunciation instruction means.

  The temperament detected / selected / changed / waited / postponed includes a pure temperament, a Pythagorean temperament or an equal temperament, an intermediate temperament of these, and a further subdivided temperament. Intermediate temperament refers to the temperament between pure temperament or Pythagorean temperament and equal temperament, the middle temperament (medium temperament), the third tune of Kirnberger (hereinafter referred to as the Kirnberger temperament), the vormeister rhythm (hereinafter hereafter) There are several types, such as the “Werckmeister”, and the Young ’s (hereinafter referred to as “Young”).

(1) Overall Circuit FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit that implements a temperament control method, an overall circuit that executes a computer program for the temperament control method, and an overall circuit 1 such as a temperament control device, musical tone device, or electronic musical instrument.

  The keyboard 11 is composed of a plurality of keys. Each key is used to instruct the sound generation and mute. The key scan circuit 12 detects data indicating key-on and key-off, and the controller 2 (CPU, DSP: digital signal). Is written into the program / data storage unit 4 by the processor. Then, it is compared with the data indicating the on / off state of each key stored in the program / data storage unit 4 so far, and the on / off event of each key is discriminated by the controller 2.

  Each key of the keyboard 11 is provided with a speed sensor such as a step touch switch, an acceleration sensor, and a pressure sensor. The above scan is performed for each step switch, and an on event / off is performed every time the step switch is turned on / off. Event detection is performed. The touch information indicating the speed and strength of the touch, that is, initial touch data and after-touch data is generated by a sensor such as a step switch. The keyboard 11 may be replaced with an electronic stringed instrument, an electronic brass (wind) instrument, an electronic percussion instrument (pad, etc.), a computer keyboard, or the like.

  The keyboard 11 is divided into an accompaniment keyboard (lower keyboard) 21 and a melody keyboard (upper keyboard) 22. The accompaniment keyboard 22 has a lower sound range / key range / octave than the melody keyboard 21, and the accompaniment is played manually or automatically, and the melody is played manually on the melody keyboard 21. In some cases, the keyboard 11 includes a foot keyboard, a solo keyboard, an external keyboard through MIDI, and the like.

  The automatic accompaniment that is automatically played is the chord root / root sound of the lowest key or the first specified key among a plurality of keys that are specified for pronunciation, and according to the number of keys that are specified for pronunciation. The code type is determined. This code route indicates, for example, C, D, A #, and the like. The code type indicates, for example, major, minor, or seventh. If any key of the melody keyboard 21 is on, the temperament change is waited until the on (instruction) ends.

  Each switch of the panel switch group 13 is scanned by the switch scan circuit 14. By this scanning, data indicating ON / OFF of each switch is detected and written to the program / data storage unit 4 by the controller 2. Then, the controller 2 compares the data indicating the on / off state of each switch that has been stored in the program / data storage unit 4 so far, and the controller 2 determines whether each switch is on or off.

  The MIDI circuit 15 is an interface for transmitting and receiving performance information and musical sound waveform signals to and from an externally connected electronic musical instrument. This performance information is based on the MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard, and sound generation based on this performance information is also performed.

  When information is sent from the outside to the midi circuit 15, an external interrupt signal OIN is sent from the midi circuit 15 to the controller 2. The external interrupt signal OIN is sent not only from the MIDI circuit 15 but also from an externally connected device connected to the command processing device.

  The keyboard 11 or the midi circuit 15 includes an automatic performance device. The performance information (musical sound generation information) generated from the keyboard 11, the panel switch group 13, the midi circuit 15 and the automatic performance device is information for generating musical sounds.

  The performance information (musical tone generation information) is musical factor information, and pitch (tone / key range) information (pitch determinant), pronunciation time information, performance field information, pronunciation number information, resonance degree Information. The pronunciation time information indicates the elapsed time from the start of tone generation. The performance field information indicates performance part information, musical sound part information, musical instrument part information, etc., and corresponds to, for example, melody, accompaniment, chord, bass, rhythm, MIDI, etc., or upper keyboard, lower keyboard, foot keyboard, solo keyboard , MIDI and so on.

  The pitch information is captured as key number data KN. The key number data KN is composed of octave data (sound range data / key range data) and pitch name data. The performance field information is taken in as part number data PN, and this part number data PN is data for identifying each performance area, and is set according to which performance area the musical sound subjected to sound generation is from.

  The pronunciation time information is taken in as the tone time data TM, and based on the time count data from the key-on event or the envelope phase is diverted. This sounding time information is shown in detail in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219324 and drawings as elapsed time information from the start of sounding.

  The number-of-sounding information indicates the number of musical sounds that are simultaneously generated. For example, this number is based on the number of musical sounds whose on / off data in the assignment memory 40 is “1”. This number is shown in FIG. 9 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-242878. 15 and FIG. 8 and FIG. 18 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-2476855, FIG. 9 and FIG. 20 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276857, and FIG. 9 and FIG. 21 of Japanese Patent Application No. 6-276858. It is done.

  Further, the panel switch group 13 is provided with various switches, and these various switches are timbre tablets, effect switches, rhythm switches, pedals 25, wheels, levers, dials, handles, touch switches, etc., which are for musical instruments. is there. The pedal 25 is a damper pedal, a sustain pedal, a mute pedal, a soft pedal, or the like. When the pedal 25 is operated / depressed, the change of temperament is prohibited.

  Music control information is generated from the various switches, and the music control information is information for controlling the generated music and is musical factor information. Tone information (tone determination factor), touch information (pronunciation) Speed (intensity of instruction operation), sound number information, resonance information, effect information, rhythm information, sound image (stereo) information, quantize information, modulation information, tempo information, volume information, envelope information, and the like. The musical factor information is also merged with the performance information (musical sound information) and inputted from the various switches, and is merged with the automatic performance information or merged with the performance information transmitted / received through the interface.

  The default (initial setting) temperament key switch 23 in the panel switch group 13 selects one of twelve types of C, C #,. The temperament (default temperament) of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and / or the temperament (default temperament) of the melody keyboard 21 are set to, for example, “average temperament” by the default (initial setting) temperament type switch 24 in the panel switch group 13. .

  This default temperament type is selected from equal temperament, pure temperament, Pythagoras temperament, and intermediate temperament. The intermediate temperament may include a plurality of types of temperament as described above. The default temperament key and the default temperament type are set as alternative temperament data when a chord type is not detected by chord detection described later.

  The tone information corresponds to the type of instrument (sounding medium / sounding means) of a keyboard instrument (piano, etc.), a wind instrument (flute, etc.), a stringed instrument (violin, etc.), and a percussion instrument (drum, etc.). Captured as TN. The envelope information includes an envelope level EL, an envelope time ET, an envelope phase EF, and the like.

  Such musical factor information is sent to the controller 2, and various signals, data, and parameters to be described later are switched to determine the contents of the musical sound. The performance information (musical tone generation information) and musical tone control information are processed by the controller 2 and various data are sent to the musical tone waveform generating unit 5 to generate a musical tone waveform signal MW. The controller 2 includes a CPU, a DSP (digital signal processor), a ROM and / or a RAM. Such a controller 2 may be distributed and provided for each circuit of FIG.

  The program / data storage unit 4 stores a musical sound waveform signal, and in some cases, a musical sound waveform signal sent from the MIDI circuit 15 is written. The musical sound waveform signal in the program / data storage unit 4 is copied directly to the information storage unit 7 or via a bus line, incorporated in another device, and transferred to the musical tone signal generation unit 5.

  The program / data storage unit 4 (internal storage medium / means) includes a storage device such as a ROM or a writable RAM, a flash memory, or an EEPROM, and a detachable information storage unit 7 (external storage medium / The computer program stored in (means) is copied and stored (installed / transferred). The program / data storage unit 4 also stores (installs / transfers) a program transmitted from an external electronic musical instrument or computer via the MIDI circuit 15 or the transmission / reception device. The storage medium for this program includes a communication medium.

  This installation (transfer / copy) is automatically executed when the information storage unit 7 is set in the musical tone generating apparatus or when the musical tone generating apparatus is turned on, or is installed by an operation by the operator. The The program is a flowchart described later or corresponds to the controller 2 performing various processes.

  Note that another operating system, a system program (OS), and other programs may be stored in advance in the apparatus, and the program may be executed together with these OS and other programs. When this program is installed in the apparatus (computer main body) and executed, it is only necessary to execute the processing / function described in the claims together with another program or alone. Such a system program (OS) is a flowchart described later or corresponds thereto.

  Also, some or all of these programs are stored and executed in one or more other devices other than the present device, and data to be processed / already processed through communication means between the present device and the other device. The processed data / program may be transmitted and received, and the present invention may be executed as the entire apparatus and another apparatus.

  The program / data storage unit 4 also stores the musical factor information described above, the various data described above, and other various data. These various data include data necessary for time division processing, data for allocation to time division channels, and the like.

  In the tone signal generator 5, the tone waveform signal is temporarily stored, read out at a speed corresponding to the designated pitch, the envelope waveform signal is synthesized, and the sound system 6 outputs the tone as a tone. . A DSP may be provided in the tone signal generator 5 or the sound system 6. In the musical tone signal generating unit 5, processing corresponding to the effect is executed, and the musical tone controlled by the effect is output from the sound system 6 and emitted.

  The waveform of such a musical sound waveform signal is switched and changed in accordance with information such as the above-described tone color, touch, pitch, pitch range, key range, tone generation time, performance field, number of pronunciations, resonance, and the like. Such a musical sound waveform signal may be stored in the musical sound signal generation unit 5 in a compressed storage state before expansion reproduction and may be expanded and reproduced by the musical sound signal generation unit 5.

  From the timing generator 3, a timing control signal for synchronizing all the circuits of the tone generator is output to each circuit. This timing control signal includes a clock signal of each period, a signal obtained by logical product or logical sum of these clock signals, a signal having a period of channel division time of time division processing, channel number data CHNo, time count data TI, etc. including.

  In addition, a periodic interrupt signal is sent from the timing generator 3 to the controller 2 at regular intervals. The time count data TI indicates the absolute time, that is, the passage of time, and the period from the overflow reset to the next overflow reset of the time count data TI is the longest tone generation time or the longest musical sound control process among the musical sounds. It is longer than the musical sound event process, and is set to several times in some cases.

(2) Program / data storage unit 4
FIG. 2 shows the RAM in the program / data storage unit 4 or the controller 2. In the program / data storage unit 4 (or RAM), the temperament type data t1 set on the melody keyboard 21, the temperament type data t2 set on the accompaniment keyboard 22, the temperament change flag, the chord root, the chord type, the number of on keys , On-key code, provisional temperament Ti, default temperament type, default temperament key, measured temperament difference value JS, minimum temperament difference value MS, etc.

  The temperament type data t1, t2 includes a pure temperament T1, an average temperament T2, and an intermediate temperament T0 of both. Since the Pythagorean temperament T4 is substantially the same as the pure temperament T1, the pure temperament T1 may be substituted in some cases and the average temperament T2 may be substituted. The intermediate temperament T0 is further subdivided into a medium whole temperament T0a, a kilnberger T0b, a werkmeister T0c, a young T0d, and the like.

  When the power is turned on (initialization), the temperament data t1 and t2 of the melody keyboard 21 and the accompaniment keyboard 22 are both set to “average temperament T2”. Any of C, C #,..., B is set in the temperament key data k1, k2. When the power is turned on (initialization), the melody key data k1 and k2 of the melody keyboard 21 and the accompaniment keyboard 22 are both set to “C”. The temperament change flag indicates that the temperament change is postponed when the pedal 25 is turned on or when the melody keyboard 21 is being operated.

  The default temperament type is the default temperament type (in the initial state) input by the default temperament type switch 24. The default temperament key is a key of the temperament at the time of default (in the initial state) input by the default temperament key switch 23, and is one of the 12 tone names of C, C #,.

  The chord root is the chord / chord root / root sound detected by the accompaniment keyboard 22, and the chord type indicates the chord / chord type. When the power is turned on, the chord route is set to “C” and the chord type is set to major. The chord root is used as a temperament key, but when a chord cannot be detected, the input of the default temperament key switch 23 is used as a temperament key. The number of on keys indicates the number of keys simultaneously pressed on the accompaniment keyboard 22. The on-key code indicates all key codes (pitch) of keys simultaneously pressed on the accompaniment keyboard 22.

  The temporary temperament Ti type and the temporary temperament Ti key indicate the temperament type and key that are temporarily set when the temperament of the melody keyboard 21 is obtained. The temporary temperament Ti type is any one of the above-mentioned intermediate temperament T0, that is, any of the intermediate whole temperament T0a, kilnberger T0b, werckmeister T0c, or young T0d. The temporary temperament Ti key is one of the 12-tone names of C, C #,.

  The measured temperament difference value JS indicates an accumulated value of a pitch difference / frequency value difference over one octave between the temperament of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the melody keyboard 21. The minimum temperament difference value MS indicates the measured temperament difference value JS obtained by another temperament, and the measured temperament difference value JS is compared with the minimum temperament difference value MS (reference rhythm difference value KS). The temperament with the smallest pitch difference / frequency value difference is selected / restricted.

(3) Overall Process FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the overall process executed by the controller (CPU) 2. This whole process is started by turning on the power of the present temperament control apparatus, and is repeatedly executed until the power is turned off. First, various initialization processes such as initialization of the program / data storage unit 4 are performed (step 01).

  In this initialization process, initial data, temperament data or musical factor (tone color, touch, pitch, tone generation time) data, etc. necessary to execute / process the instructions of the program are stored in the program / data storage unit 4, the controller. 2 is written into the RAM, the tone signal generator 5 or the sound system 6 in FIG. 2, and the following temperament determination or temperament regulation activation / preparation is performed.

  In this initialization process, the melody keyboard 21 and accompaniment keyboard 22 are both set to “equal temperament T2”, and each temperament key is set to “C”. The chord root is set to “C”, and the chord type is set to major.

  Next, when there is an on event or an off event of a key of the keyboard 11 (step 02), pitch information and an on event corresponding to the pitch of the on key are sent to the musical tone signal generator 5 or externally connected equipment through the midi circuit 15 , The musical sound is started to be generated, or the musical sound being generated by the musical tone signal generator 5 corresponding to the off key is released, or the pitch information and the off event corresponding to the pitch of the off key are externally transmitted through the midi circuit 15. It is transmitted to the connected device (step 03).

  Further, if there is an operation of various switches of the panel switch group 13 (step 04), musical factor information corresponding to this switch is captured and stored in the program / data storage unit 4 or transmitted to the external connection device. Musical factor information is set / changed (step 05).

  Next, if there is data / information to be transmitted or data / information to be received in the MIDI circuit 15 (step 06), the transmission data / reception information is transmitted and the reception data / reception information is captured (step 07). Further, other processes are executed (step 08), and the processes in steps 02 to 08 are repeated until the power is turned off.

  In the initialization process of step 01, the temperament of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the melody keyboard 21 are set to the equal temperament. In the panel processing in step 05, the volume control, the pitch control such as transpose, the tone color of the accompaniment keyboard 22 or the melody keyboard 21, the tone generation duration of sustain, etc. are set / changed.

(4) Key processing (step 03)
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the key processing in step 03 above. First, when the on / key instructed / operated on the accompaniment keyboard 22 is changed and the chord / chord is changed (step 11), the chord change process is executed (step 12).

  If there is a chord change in steps 11 and 12 and there is a temperament change based on this (step 13), a temperament change process is executed (step 14). Thereafter, other processing is executed (step 15), and the processing is returned.

(5) Panel processing (step 05)
FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the panel processing in step 05 described above. When the default temperament key switch 23 is pressed to select a default temperament key (step 21), the default temperament key is set to the selected key, for example, “D #” (step 22).

  Next, when the default temperament type switch 24 is pressed and the default temperament type is selected (step 23), the default temperament type of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the melody keyboard 21 is selected as the selected temperament type, for example, “Werckmeister temperament T0c”. (Step 24). Thereafter, other processing is executed (step 25), and the processing is returned. In this other processing, for example, the setting chord root is returned to the initial state of “C” and the chord type is “major”, or the above-mentioned temperament is returned to the initial state of “average temperament”.

(6) Code change process (step 12)
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the code change process in step 12 above. First, the number of keys simultaneously pressed on the accompaniment keyboard 22 is detected (step 31). For example, if this number is 1, it is major, if it is 2, minor if it is 3, 7th, 4 If so, the code type is determined (step 32).

  Next, the pitch of one key pressed on the accompaniment keyboard 22 is detected, and the pitches of the other pressed keys are also detected (step 35), and the detected pitches are compared ( Step 36), the lower pitch is stored in RAM or the like (Step 37), and this is repeated for all pressed keys (Step 38). Thereby, the chord root / root sound is determined.

  If the pedal 25 of the panel switch group 13 is operated / pressed (step 39), the temperament change flag is stored in the RAM or the like (step 42). Also, when any key of the melody keyboard 21 is being operated / instructed (step 40), the temperament change flag is stored in the RAM or the like (step 42).

  If neither the pedal 25 nor the key of the melody keyboard 21 is operated / pressed (steps 39 and 40), the temperament change flag is reset / cleared (step 41). Thereafter, other processing is executed (step 43), and the processing is returned.

  When the pedal 25 of the panel switch group 13 is operated / pressed (step 39), the process may be returned without passing through step 42 and without storing the temperament change flag. In this case, even if the pedal 25 is released, the temperament is not changed.

  Similarly, when the key of the melody keyboard 21 is being operated / instructed (step 40), the process may be returned without passing through step 42 and without storing the temperament change flag. In this case, even if the key of the melody keyboard 21 is turned off, the temperament is not changed.

  The determination of the code type and the code route is not limited to the above. For example, the chord roots of C, C #, D, D #,..., A #, B are designated in the lower one octave of the accompaniment keyboard 22, and each key of the upper one octave of the accompaniment keyboard 22 includes major, minor, A code of 7th, Ninth, Diminished, Dominant,... May be assigned, and a chord type may be designated by indicating any of these keys.

  In this way, chords / chords are automatically accompanied according to the position or number of keys on the accompaniment keyboard 22 for which sound generation is instructed. In addition to the accompaniment keyboard 22, such chord input may be a switch group for inputting a chord type and chord root, a touch switch group, a lever, a dial, a computer keyboard, or the like.

  Further, the chord and the chord type may be detected / read directly from the pitch name of the keyboard 11 that is actually pressed. Further, when a code cannot be detected because many keys of the keyboard 11 are pressed, the code route and / or the code type may not be detected and a no code may be selected.

(7) Temperament changing process (step 14)
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the temperament changing process in step 14. First, if the temperament change flag is not stored (step 44), the temperament change process is not performed and the process is returned.

  Thus, when it is desired to prohibit, wait or postpone changing the temperament, the pedal 25 may be pushed (step 39 above), and the change of the temperament can be prohibited or allowed. In order to prohibit, wait or postpone changing the temperament, in addition to the pedal 25, a switch, a specific key of the keyboard 11, a wheel, a lever, a dial, a handle, a touch switch, or the like may be used.

  Even when the melody keyboard 21 is being operated / instructed (step 40), the change of the temperament is prohibited, waited, or postponed. Therefore, when the musical tone of the melody keyboard 21 is sounding, the temperament is not changed, and the pitch does not change while the melody sound is being sounded, so that a sense of incongruity does not occur. This temperament change prohibition or standby is similarly prohibited or waited for not only the melody keyboard 21 but also the temperament change of the accompaniment keyboard 22 (step 46).

  If the pedal 25 is released (step 39) and / or if the key being operated / instructed on the melody keyboard 21 is turned off (step 40), the stored temperament change flag is cleared (step). 41). Thereby, the change of the temperament is “postponed” until the pedal 25 is released or the on key of the melody keyboard 21 is turned off.

  Next, a temperament key is determined according to the chord root detection result (step 45), set as a temperament key of the accompaniment keyboard 22, and a temperament type is also set (step 46). If the chord detection result is no chord, the temperament type of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is the temperament type selected by the default temperament type switch 24, and the temperament key is the temperament key selected by the default temperament key switch 23. Set to In the above example, the temperament type is set to “Vermeister T0c” and the temperament key is set to “D #”.

  On the other hand, when the result of the chord detection is a fractional chord, a diminished dim, an augment aug, and a sustain four sus4, the temperament type is an equal temperament T2. If the chord type has a tension equal to or greater than the eleventh as a result of the chord detection, one of the intermediate temperaments T0a, T0b, T0c, and T0d is obtained. In other cases, the pure temperament T1 or the Pythagorean temperament T4 is used.

  Whether the intermediate temperament T0a, T0b, T0c, or T0d is selected or whether the pure temperament T1 or the Pythagorean temperament T4 is selected depends on the chord type such as major or minor. Alternatively, the operator may be selected in advance by the panel switch group 13 or may be randomly selected using random numbers so as not to be mechanically uniform.

  If the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is not set to "genuine" such as "pure temperament" or "Pythagoras temperament", that is, if it is set to "average temperament" or "intermediate temperament" (step 47). The temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 is set to “equal temperament” (step 58). As a result, the frequency difference or pitch difference between the set temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the set temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 is reduced, and the musical sounds of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the melody keyboard 21 are harmonized.

  Further, if the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is set to “genuine” such as “pure temperament” or “Pythagoras temperament” (step 47), the temporary temperament Ti = T0 of the melody keyboard 21 is set as one of the “intermediate temperament”. Is set to “C” as a temperament key (step 48), and the minimum temperament difference value MS is set to a virtual maximum value, for example, 1200 cents (step). 49).

  Then, an actual measured temperament difference value JS between the relative logarithmic frequency value (cent) of one octave 12 keys of the set t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the tentative “intermediate temperament” Ti = T0 12 key frequency values. Are sequentially obtained and accumulated among the same pitch names C, C #,..., B (step 50).

  The temperament is expressed as a relative frequency value from the average temperament, and is stored in the storage medium as an offset value with respect to the relative pitch from the pitch of the normal temperament key. Since the offset data is the same in any octave if the note name is the same, data for one octave is usually held. This data is d0, d1, d2,..., D11. The pitch name to which the offset d0 is added is a pitch having the pitch name “Temperature Key”.

  For example, in the case of G major pure temperament, the temperament type is “pure temperament”, the temperament key is “G”, and the pure temperament data is selected as the offset data, d0 for the G sound, d1, F # for the G # sound. A d11 offset is added to the sound to produce a sound.

  Similarly, in the case of pure temperament in D major, the temperament type is “pure temperament”, the temperament key is “F”, the pure temperament data is selected as the offset data, d0 for the F sound, d1, E for the F # sound. A d11 offset is added to the sound to produce a sound. In the case of minor tones, parallel tones can be used.

  The offset value d0 added to the sound of the note name of the temperament key is always “0”. For this reason, when the offset value data is stored in the storage medium, d0 is omitted, and only 11 sounds of d1 to d11 are stored.

  Next, if the accumulated measured temperament difference value JS is less than the minimum temperament difference value MS, that is, the pitch difference between the tentative “intermediate temperament” Ti = T0 and the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 should be small. If this is the case (step 51), this temporary “intermediate temperament” Ti = T0 is used as the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 22 (step 52), and the minimum temperament difference value MS is updated to this measured temperament difference value JS ( Step 53).

  Then, the temporary temperament Ti of the melody keyboard 21 is incremented by 1 and another “temperament type and temperament key” is set as T1 (step 54), and the above steps 50 to 53 are repeated to search for a temperament having a smaller pitch difference. Go (step 55).

  Thus, for the temporary temperament Ti, among the combinations of all intermediate temperament types (T0a, T0b, T0c, T0d) and all temperament keys C, C #,. A combination of a temperament type and a temperament key having the smallest logarithmic frequency (cent) difference is searched, and the temperament found by this search is set as the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 22 (steps 54 and 55).

  In some cases, the temporary temperament Ti may include a genuine system and may be searched. Then, there is a higher possibility that “genuine” such as “pure temperament” and “Pythagoras temperament” is selected as the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 rather than “equal temperament”. This is because the pitch difference between “Equal Temperament” and “Genuine” is large.

  Thus, if the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is “genuine” such as “pure temperament” or “Pythagoras temperament”, the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 is set / changed / restricted to “intermediate temperament”. It is set / changed / restricted to “pure temperament” and “Pythagoras temperament”. If the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is “average temperament” or “intermediate temperament” that is not “genuine”, the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 is set / changed / restricted to “average temperament”.

  The temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 may be selected to be the same temperament as the melody t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22, but may remain slightly different. However, this may be better for the sound. This is because the pure temperament or the Pythagorean temperament has a large difference from the average temperament, and it sounds unnatural when played as a scale. This is because a slightly different temperament causes fluctuations in the resonance between the accompaniment sound and the melody sound, and the human ear often sounds comfortable.

  In any case, the present invention / this embodiment is characterized in that the temperament t2 is changed in accordance with the performance chord of the accompaniment keyboard 22, and the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 is switched to one having a small pitch difference following this. There is.

(8) Other Embodiments The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the temperament t1 of the melody keyboard 21 set in step 58 in FIG. 7 may be any one of “intermediate temperaments T0a, T0b, T0c, T0d”. Further, in the temperament search process with a small pitch difference in steps 48 to 55 in FIG. 7, “average temperament” may be selected as the temperament t <b> 1 of the melody keyboard 21.

  Instead of the temperament searching process with a small pitch difference in steps 48 to 55, the optimum correspondence / combination between the temperament type of the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the temperament type of the melody keyboard 21 is stored in the table, and the detected accompaniment keyboard 22 is detected. The temperament type of the melody keyboard 21 may be determined from the above temperament.

  The temperament search process with a small pitch difference in steps 48 to 55 is omitted, and the melody t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is fixedly set to “genuine” such as “intermediate temperament” or “pure temperament” or “Pythagoras temperament”. May be.

  The prohibition / postponement / standby of the temperament change in step 42 is not limited to the operation of the melody keyboard 21 but may be during the operation of the foot keyboard, solo keyboard, or accompaniment keyboard 22. Thereby, even when the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the like are on, the melody change of the melody keyboard 21 is prohibited or waited, and the temperament change of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is prohibited or waited.

  The melody keyboard 21 alone or the accompaniment keyboard 22 may be the only keyboard on which the temperament change is prohibited / postponed / standby at step 40. In this case, the accompaniment temperament changing process of steps 45 to 46 is executed before step 42, or the melody temperament changing process of steps 47 to 55 is executed before step 42.

  The melody keyboard 21 alone or the accompaniment keyboard 22 may be the only keyboard whose temperament change is prohibited / postponed / standby by the pedal 25 in step 39. In this case, the accompaniment temperament changing process of steps 45 to 46 is executed before step 41, or the melody temperament changing process of steps 47 to 55 is executed before step 41.

  The temperament changing process in steps 47 to 55 may be executed for the foot keyboard and the solo keyboard. As a result, the temperament of a plurality of keys is changed based on chords / chords detected by one key. The chord detection process of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 in step 12 may be executed on the foot keyboard, solo keyboard, and in some cases, the melody keyboard 21.

  When the chord root is detected preferentially on the foot keyboard, the chord type may be detected by a keyboard other than the foot keyboard, and thereby the fractional chord may be detected. For example, if D is detected by a foot keyboard and Em is detected by a keyboard other than the foot keyboard, a fraction code of Em / D is detected.

  The pitch difference accumulated in step 50 may not be in the range of one octave, but may be in the range of half octaves, five notes, four notes, three notes, 1.5 octaves, two octaves,. Further, the octaves for which the pitch difference is obtained in step 50 may not be the same pitch range, but may be different pitch ranges. Even in this case, the difference value becomes large, but there is no difference that a temperament with a small pitch difference is selected.

  In the initialization process, the melody keyboard 21 and accompaniment keyboard 22 are both set to “equal temperament”, the detection code root is set to “C”, and the detection code type is set to major. However, other temperament may be set, different melody keyboard 21 and accompaniment keyboard 22 may be set, or other chord roots and chord types may be set.

  In step 45, temperament data determined in accordance with the ON key of the accompaniment keyboard 22 may be acquired, and in step 46, the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 may be set. Here, if no chord is detected on the accompaniment keyboard 22, the same as when the default temperament type switch 24 is pressed, that is, “equal temperament” is set, and even “fractional chord” is set to “equal temperament”. If the chord detected on the keyboard 22 is major, minor, seventh, or nine, the “pure temperament” is set. Otherwise, the “pure temperament” or “intermediate temperament” of the Pythagorean temperament and the equal temperament, and in some cases “average temperament”. Set to

  If no chord is detected on the accompaniment keyboard 22, the same as when the default temperament type switch 24 is pressed, that is, “equal temperament” is set. If the detected chord is major, minor, 7th, or 9th, it is set to “pure temperament”. Otherwise, it is set to “pure temperament” or “intermediate temperament” of Pythagorean temperament and equal temperament, and in some cases “equal temperament”. May be.

  In the temperament determination process in steps 47 to 58, the accompaniment keyboard 22 and the melody keyboard 21 have different ranges or key ranges, and even with the same pitch name, the octave is different, and the frequency ratio is doubled, fourfold, eightfold, 16 Double, ..., 1/2 times, 1/4 times, 1/8 times, 1/16 times, ... When searching for a temperament with a small pitch difference, the same octave / same range / same key range May be processed on.

  In addition to the keyboard, the chord detection may be performed by a string of an electronic stringed instrument, a pipe of an electronic wind instrument (wind) instrument, an electronic percussion instrument (pad, etc.), or a keyboard of a computer. Strings, electronic wind (wind) instruments, electronic percussion instruments (pads, etc.), and computer keyboards.

  The temperament to be detected / selected / changed may be a pure temperament, a Pythagorean temperament or an equal temperament, an intermediate temperament of these, or a further subdivided temperament. Note that the intermediate temperament refers to the temperament between the pure temperament or the Pythagorean temperament and the average temperament, including the middle temperament (medium temperament), the Kirnberger temperament, the Velkmeister temperament, the Young temperament, and any other temperament. However, it may be all or part of these temperaments.

  The kilnberger temperament may be any one or all of the kilnberger temperament I, II, III. The werkmeister temperament may be any, all or part of the werkmeister temperament. The Young temperament may be part of any of Valotti Young temperament or Young temperament II. Further, tuning may be performed for each pitch name, and the operator may arbitrarily set the temperament. The genuine system may include a pure temperament, a Pythagorean temperament, and variations thereof.

  The temporary temperament Ti is any one of the intermediate temperament T0a, the kilnberger T0b, the werkmeister T0c, and the young T0d of the intermediate temperament T0. It may be any of the temperament T4.

  The present invention can be implemented in an electronic musical instrument or a computer. The functions of the circuits shown in the drawings may be implemented by software (flow chart), and the functions of the flowcharts shown in the drawings may be implemented by hardware (circuit). The invention described in each claim can also be realized as a medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute the invention, a communication apparatus (method) of a computer program, a musical sound generation apparatus (method), and a musical sound control apparatus (method). .

(9) Effects of other inventions
[1] A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, and a plurality of second pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation that are different in sound range or key range from the first pronunciation instruction means. Changing the temperament of the first pronunciation instructing means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instructing means, and changing the temperament of the second pronunciation instructing means to the changed first A temperament control method characterized by changing or restricting to a temperament having a small pitch difference with respect to the temperament of one pronunciation instruction means.

[2] A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, and a plurality of second pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, which are different in sound range or key range from the first pronunciation instruction means. The process of changing the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instruction means for which the pronunciation instruction has been made, and the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means are changed. A computer program for temperament control that executes a process of changing or regulating the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means to a temperament having a small pitch difference.

[3] A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, a plurality of second pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, which are different in sound range or key range from the first pronunciation instruction means, and a pronunciation instruction The first temperament changing means for changing the temperament of the first pronunciation instructing means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instructing means, and the temperament of the second pronunciation instructing means being changed as described above. A temperament control device comprising: a second temperament changing means for changing or regulating the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means to a temperament having a small pitch difference.

[4] The change or regulation of the temperament by the first temperament changing means or the second temperament changing means is prohibited by a predetermined operation, or is waited or postponed until the predetermined operation is released. The temperament control device according to claim 3.

  As a result, during performance without changing the temperament, it can be prohibited / standby / postponed by a predetermined operation. In addition, the change in temperament can be waited or postponed until there is no hindrance to the change in temperament, such as a break in performance, so that the performance does not feel uncomfortable.

[5] When either the first pronunciation instruction means or the second pronunciation instruction means is instructing, the temperament change or regulation by the first temperament changing means and / or the second temperament changing means 5. The temperament control device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the temperament control device is prohibited or suspended until the instruction is completed.

  Thereby, when the second pronunciation instruction means such as a melody keyboard is instructing, the temperament change by the first temperament change means is prohibited / wait / postponed, and the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means such as accompaniment is not changed. Therefore, the temperament change can be prohibited / waited / postponed during operation over different pronunciation instruction means. In addition, the temperament does not change during the performance, and the performance sound does not feel uncomfortable. Furthermore, the change in the temperament can be waited or postponed until the timing at which there is no problem in changing the temperament, such as a break in the performance, so that the performance does not feel uncomfortable.

[6] The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, and a chord is automatically accompanied according to the position or number of the sound generation instruction means instructed to pronounce, and the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard. The temperament control device according to claim 3, 4 or 5.

  As a result, the melody performance and the accompaniment can be harmonized, and the melody performance and the accompaniment can be harmonized with each other.

[7] The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard, and the melody keyboard has a melody different from the melody of the accompaniment keyboard and is changed to an intermediate temperament. The temperament control device according to claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the intermediate temperament is an intermediate temperament between a pure temperament or a Pythagorean temperament and an average temperament.

  As a result, even if the accompaniment temperament is changed to either the pure temperament (Pythagoras temperament) or the average temperament, the melody temperament is set to an intermediate temperament between these temperaments, and either the accompaniment or the melody is the pure temperament (Pythagoras temperament). Even if the temperament of the accompaniment changes drastically, there is no extreme difference that either the temperament of the average temperament and the other temperament becomes the remaining temperament. Therefore, it is possible to harmonize the performance and to harmonize the musical tone between the melody performance and the accompaniment.

[8] The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard, and if the rhythm of the accompaniment keyboard is pure temperament or Pythagorean temperament, intermediate temperament or pure temperament or Pythagoras If the temperament and accompaniment keyboard temperament is not pure temperament or Pythagorean temperament, it is set to equal temperament or intermediate temperament, and this intermediate temperament is characterized by being an intermediate temperament between pure temperament or Pythagoras temperament and average temperament. The temperament control device according to claim 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

  As a result, even if the accompaniment temperament is changed to either the pure temperament (Pythagoras temperament) or the average temperament, the melody melody is set to the same melody or accompaniment between these temperaments, and either the accompaniment or the melody There is no extreme difference between pure temperament (Pythagoras temperament) or equal temperament, and the other temperament becomes the remaining temperament. Both the accompaniment and the melody performance do not cause a sense of incongruity, the performance can be harmonized, and the melody performance and the accompaniment can be harmonized with each other.

  The temperament of the accompaniment keyboard is determined by the detected chord of the accompaniment keyboard. The tune of the melody keyboard is determined by the detected chord of the accompaniment keyboard. The temperament of the melody keyboard is determined by the temperament of the accompaniment keyboard. Based on the chord instructed on the accompaniment keyboard, not only the rhythm of the accompaniment keyboard but also the melody keyboard is changed so that the performance of both keyboards is harmonized. Based on the chord detected in step 12 of FIGS. 4 and 6, the temperament t2 of the accompaniment keyboard 22 is set / changed (step 46).

  If the accompaniment temperament t2 is not a pure temperament (step 47), the melody temperament t1 is set / changed to an average temperament (step 58), and if the accompaniment temperament t2 is a pure temperament (step 47), the melody temperament t1. Is set / changed to an intermediate temperament or the like (steps 48 to 55). Here, the pitch difference between the accompaniment temperament t2 and the melody temperament t1 is checked (steps 50 and 52), and the temperament having the smallest pitch difference is selected (steps 52 to 55).

1 shows an overall circuit 1 for realizing temperament control. Information stored in the program / data storage unit 4 is shown. The flowchart of the whole process is shown. The flowchart of the key process of the said step 03 is shown. The flowchart of the panel process of the said step 05 is shown. The flowchart of the code change process of the said step 12 is shown. The flowchart of the temperament change process of the said step 14 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Entire circuit, 2 ... Controller (CPU),
3 ... Timing generation unit, 4 ... Program / data storage unit,
5 ... Music signal generator, 6 ... Sound system, 7 ... Information storage,
11 ... Keyboard, 12 ... Keyboard scan circuit,
13 ... Panel switch group, 14 ... Switch scan circuit,
15 ... Midi circuit, 21 ... Melody keyboard, 22 ... Accompaniment keyboard,
23 ... Default temperament key switch,
24 ... Default temperament type switch, 25 ... Pedal.

Claims (8)

A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, and a plurality of second pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, which are different in sound range or key range from the first pronunciation instruction means,
Change the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instruction means for which the pronunciation instruction has been made,
A temperament control method characterized in that the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means is changed or restricted to a temperament having a smaller pitch difference than the changed temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means. A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, and a plurality of second pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation, which are different in sound range or key range from the first pronunciation instruction means,
Processing for changing the temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instruction means for which the pronunciation instruction has been made;
A computer program for temperament control that executes a process of changing or regulating the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means to a temperament having a small pitch difference with respect to the changed temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means. A plurality of first pronunciation instruction means for instructing pronunciation;
A plurality of second sound generation instruction means for instructing sound generation, each having a different sound range or key range from the first sound generation instruction means;
First temperament changing means for changing the temperament of the first pronunciation instructing means based on the chord instructed by the first pronunciation instructing means for which pronunciation is instructed;
A second temperament changing means for changing or regulating the temperament of the second pronunciation instruction means to a temperament having a small pitch difference with respect to the changed temperament of the first pronunciation instruction means. Temperament control device.   The temperament change or regulation by the first temperament changing means or the second temperament changing means is prohibited by a predetermined operation, or is waited or postponed until the predetermined operation is released. Item 4. The temperament control device according to item 3.   When either the first pronunciation instructing means or the second pronunciation instructing means is instructing, the temperament change or regulation by the first temperament changing means and / or the second temperament changing means is prohibited. The temperament control device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the temperament control device is waited or postponed until the instruction is completed.   The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, and a chord is automatically accompanied according to the position or number of the pronunciation instruction means instructed to pronounce, and the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard. The temperament control device according to claim 3, 4 or 5.   The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard, and the melody of the melody keyboard is different from the accompaniment keyboard, and is changed to an intermediate temperament. The temperament control device according to claim 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the intermediate temperament is a temperament between a pure temperament or a Pythagorean temperament and an average temperament.   The first pronunciation instruction means is an accompaniment keyboard, the second pronunciation instruction means is a melody keyboard, and if the accompaniment keyboard temperament is a pure temperament or a Pythagorean temperament, an intermediate temperament or a pure temperament or a Pythagoras temperament is used. If the accompaniment keyboard is not a pure temperament or a Pythagorean temperament, it is set to an average temperament or an intermediate temperament, and the intermediate temperament is an intermediate temperament between a pure temperament or a Pythagorean temperament and an average temperament. The temperament control device according to 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

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