JP2009168566A - Device and method for measuring power consumption amount - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power consumption amount measuring device that has versatility and specifies a load causing variation of the electric power load. <P>SOLUTION: The power consumption amount measuring section 11 measures power consumption amount, and a power consumption amount time change extracting section 15 extracts the time change portion of the power consumption amount. An impedance measuring section 12 measures impedance between wires in a frequency other than the frequency of supplied power, and an impedance time change extracting section 16 extracts the time change portion. When the variation of the power consumption amount is recognized, a load specifying section 18 verifies the results of the time change of the measured power consumption amount and the time change of the impedance with the pattern of the time change of the power consumption amount and the impedance determined for a predetermined load previously stored in a storage section 17, and determines the load for causing the variation of the power consumption amount based on the matching degree of them, and a load power consumption amount determining section 19 determines it as a consumption amount of the load where the time change portion of the power consumption amount is specified. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring power consumption in a plurality of loads to which power is supplied from a commercial power supply system via a distribution network or distribution equipment, and in particular, a method for identifying a load that causes a variation in power load. About.

  In order to promote energy saving in ordinary households, it is important to capture the power consumption performance of each device. For this purpose, it is ideal to install a measuring device for power consumption or current consumption for each device, but there is no space for mounting the measuring device on the device to be measured, or it cannot be installed due to aesthetic and safety issues There are many cases. For example, the position of the outlet from which the measurement target and the device are supplied with power is behind the furniture, is high, such as an air conditioner outlet, or is in the measurement target device, such as a ceiling light or IH cooking heater. There is virtually no room for attaching or fixing the measuring device in many measuring objects, such as the feeding point being hidden.

Instead of measuring individual devices as described above, a method is also conceivable in which a measuring device is attached to each branch circuit of the distribution board, and the consumption record is captured for each certain distribution range. In this case, it is not possible to specify an individual device that is originally intended. In addition, since it is necessary to measure a large number of systems and the number of lead lines for measurement increases, it becomes impossible to close the lid of the distribution board, which causes aesthetic problems in addition to operability and safety. In addition, the distribution board for home use has recently been reduced in size due to the miniaturization of the distribution board, and there is a problem that it is difficult to attach the current sensor itself.
“Development of a non-intrusive electrical equipment monitoring system” Denchu Research Review No. 41, p. 38-41

  There is a demand for a measuring apparatus and method that can identify a load during operation at a small number of measurement points and specify each power consumption. For example, it is ideal to be able to identify a device (load) that is operating by measurement at one point of the feeding point, such as in the immediate vicinity of the main breaker of the distribution board.

  As a method of estimating the operating status of the load by measuring at one location near the feeding point, the distribution of harmonic components contained in the current consumption is obtained, and the operation is performed by collating with the distribution obtained for each load obtained in advance. A method for estimating a load that is present has been proposed (Non-patent Document 1). This utilizes the fact that the distribution of harmonic components contained in the current consumption differs depending on the type of load and the operating state.

  However, inverters that were previously installed only in some large home appliances such as air conditioners are now widely used in smaller home appliances, and the number of devices with similar harmonic distribution has increased. Due to stricter regulations, it has become difficult to extract features for load estimation due to the absolute amount of harmonics generated from one model and the proportion of harmonics with respect to the fundamental wave being reduced.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to reflect not only the load-specific information exemplified in the harmonic distribution in the load estimation but also the route to the load connection position. It is an object of the present invention to provide a more versatile power consumption measuring device and method for identifying the load that causes the fluctuation of the power load by acquiring the information.

  In order to achieve this object, the present invention relates to a change in power consumption with respect to time (hereinafter referred to as a time change in power consumption) and impedance at a frequency different from the supplied power and at one or more different frequencies. Change with time (hereinafter referred to as impedance change over time) is obtained and collated with the time change in power consumption and impedance over time obtained for each load in advance. The resulting load is identified, and the time change of the power consumption is assigned as the consumption of the load.

  Here, “time change” refers to a “time variation pattern” as seen on the order of several minutes to several tens of minutes. However, in order to increase the specific accuracy, a time differential value may be used in combination.

  Next, the principle of the present invention will be described.

  Taking, for example, a thin television with a built-in switching power supply as a load and illumination, the difference in power consumption when each is activated will be described. Changes in power consumption are often similar to each other, and it is not always easy to distinguish them. Here, before and after the change in power consumption, for example, the line impedance is measured at two different frequencies. One frequency is selected from a frequency range that easily reflects the control state of the power supply in the device, such as 10 kHz to 50 kHz, and a frequency region that is relatively less susceptible to noise filters installed in the device. In addition, if there is no problem of legal regulation, it is better to further measure in a frequency range of less than 10 kHz. The other frequency is a frequency affected by a noise filter installed in the apparatus, such as 3 MHz to 30 MHz, and is selected from a frequency range having a wavelength close to the wiring length from the measurement point to the load to be measured. .

  The former impedance at the first frequency mainly reflects the control state of the power source in the load and the operation state of the load. In addition, the impedance at the second frequency, which is the latter, makes it difficult to reflect changes in the power supply and operating state in the device due to the presence of the noise filter, but instead reflects changes in the wiring length and branching state on the way to the device. To do.

  For example, when comparing a switching power supply in a television with a fluorescent lamp that uses an incandescent bulb or copper-iron ballast, the impedance of the first frequency shows a different value. Can be identified.

  In addition, the lighting is an inverter type, and depending on the characteristics of the power factor correction circuit, it may be similar to the characteristics of the switching power supply in the television, and it may be difficult to identify by changing the impedance at the first frequency alone. is there. Even in this case, since the wiring path from the measurement point to each device is different, this can be identified by using the change in impedance at the second frequency. In particular, when lighting is turned on by a wall switch operation, the wiring length and the terminal impedance change clearly, which can be detected.

  As described above, by appropriately selecting the frequency and measuring the impedance, it is possible to identify the load causing the change in the power consumption.

  In the above description, two types of frequencies for measuring impedance are used, but appropriate frequencies differ depending on the combination of wiring and load. For this reason, the accuracy of load specification can be raised by using more types of frequency or measuring impedance by changing the frequency continuously.

  Utilizing the above principle, the time change of the power consumption during a predetermined time after activation for each device and the time change of the impedance at a predetermined frequency are obtained and stored in a database. When a change in power consumption occurs, the time change and the time change in impedance at a predetermined frequency can be obtained, collated with the information stored in the database, and the load can be specified by the degree of coincidence thereof. . Then, the fluctuation amount of the power consumption is allocated as the consumption amount of the specified load.

  According to the present invention, by appropriately combining the frequencies used for impedance measurement, in addition to information on the load to be measured, information reflecting the difference in the state of the wiring from the measurement point to the load can be captured. . Thereby, even if the nature of the equipment is similar, it can be identified if the installation position and the wiring method are different. Note that the above-described information reflecting the difference in the wiring state means the wiring length, the way of assembling branches along the route, the number of connections of other loads, and the presence or absence of connections.

  As a result, for example, the power consumption for each load can be obtained by measuring one power receiving point, and the number of sensors and the number of lead lines for measurement can be greatly reduced. Specifically, a current sensor for power consumption detection and an extraction line for impedance measurement and voltage and voltage phase detection are sufficient. For example, if it is close to the main breaker, the wiring interval is wide and the insertion of the current sensor is easy. In addition, the lead wires for impedance measurement and voltage and voltage phase measurement can be combined, and the number of lead wires can be greatly reduced compared to the case where a sensor is inserted for each conventional branch circuit, It is easy to tighten the lid of the distribution board. Furthermore, since the information reflecting the wiring up to the load is used in addition to the information specific to the load, it is possible to more easily identify the operation of the load having similarity information than in the past.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power consumption measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The power consumption measuring device 1 of the present embodiment is connected to a distribution facility 3 that supplies power from a commercial power source 2 to a plurality of loads 4-1 to 4-n, and includes a power consumption measuring unit 11, an impedance measuring unit 12, and the like. A load power consumption analysis unit 13 and a display unit 14 are provided. The power consumption measuring unit 11 measures the consumption of power supplied from the commercial power supply 2 at a frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). The impedance measuring unit 12 includes a frequency oscillating unit that oscillates at least one type of frequency other than the frequency of the power, and measures impedance at at least one type of frequency other than the frequency of the power. The load power consumption analysis unit 13 previously measures the time change of the power consumption measured by the power consumption measurement unit 11 and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance measured by the impedance measurement unit 12. The load that caused the time change of the power consumption is identified by collating with the time change of the power consumption of -1 to 4-n and the time change of the impedance between wirings, and the time change is specified. It is allocated as the amount of power consumed by the loaded load. The display unit 14 displays the allocation result of the specified load consumption.

  The inter-wiring impedance measured by the impedance measuring unit 12 is “synthetic impedance” at the connection point (measurement point).

In particular,
・ Upstream side from the measurement point: In principle, the impedance up to the substation and the equipment (load) of the next house can be seen, but in practice, a very low frequency is not used, and the high frequency output that is normally injected Therefore, it is possible to see the wiring to the columnar transformer and the transformer at best.
-Downstream from the measurement point: Wiring to multiple devices and the combined value of input impedance for each device (however, if there is a switch in the middle of the device, wiring impedance to the switch).

  The assumed measurement point is directly under the main breaker. However, it does not have to be here, and may be further downstream.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing details of the load power consumption analysis unit 13 of FIG.

  The load power consumption analysis unit 13 includes a power consumption time change extraction unit 15, an impedance time change extraction unit 16, a storage unit 17, a load specification unit 18, and a load power consumption determination unit 19. The power consumption time change extraction unit 15 extracts the time change of the power consumption. The impedance time change extraction unit 16 extracts the time change of the impedance. The storage unit 17 stores the time change of the power consumption within a predetermined time obtained in advance for the loads 4-1 to 4-n and the time change of the impedance at a frequency other than the power frequency. The load specifying unit 18 collates the measured time change of the power consumption and the time change of the impedance with the information in the storage unit 17 and determines the cause of the time change of the power consumption from the degree of coincidence thereof. Identify the resulting load. The power consumption determination unit 19 assigns the measured change in power consumption over time as consumption of the specified load.

  Next, the operation of the power consumption measuring apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, the loads 4-1 to 4-n are activated to obtain basic data for the loads 4-1 to 4-n (left side in FIG. 3). The power consumption measuring unit 11 measures the power consumption (step 101), and the power consumption time change extracting unit 15 extracts the time change of the power consumption from the result (step 102). In parallel with this, impedance at one or more frequencies different from the frequency of the supplied power is measured by the impedance measuring unit 12 (step 103), and the time variation of the impedance is calculated from the result as the impedance time variation extracting unit 16. (Step 104). The results of both steps 102 and 104 are stored in the storage unit 17 as basic data for each load 4-1 to 4-n (step 105).

  Next, the actual power consumption is measured, and the load that caused the time change is specified (right side of FIG. 3). First, the power consumption measuring unit 11 measures the power consumption (step 201), and the power consumption time change extracting unit 15 extracts the time change of the power consumption from the measurement result (step 202). In parallel with this, the impedance measuring unit 12 measures the impedance between the wirings at a frequency other than the frequency of the supplied power (step 203), and the time variation is extracted by the impedance time variation extracting unit 16 (step 204). . Next, when a change in power consumption is recognized in the load specifying unit 18 (step 205), the measured time change in power consumption and the result of the time change in impedance are stored in the storage unit 17 in advance. The stored power consumption and the impedance change over time pattern obtained for the loads 4-1 to 4-n are collated, and the load causing the change in the power consumption is determined from the degree of coincidence thereof. (Step 206). Further, the load power consumption determination unit 19 determines the time change of the power consumption extracted by the power consumption time change extraction unit 15 as the load consumption specified by the load specification unit 18 (step 207). And stored in the storage unit 17 (step 208). Further, the storage unit 17 also stores the total power consumption for each load before allocation, measured by the power consumption measurement unit 11 (step 208). If necessary, the stored result is displayed on the display unit 14 (step 209).

  In the present embodiment, the power consumption for each load, which is a basis for specifying the load, and the time change pattern of the impedance are obtained in advance and stored in the storage unit 17. The data obtained in advance here may be data measured with a predetermined load alone before measuring the intended power consumption, or may be data obtained during actual power consumption measurement. . In addition, the frequency used for the measurement of impedance may be a plurality of discrete single frequencies, a frequency continuously changed within a predetermined frequency range, or a frequency band having a certain bandwidth. It may be. Further, instead of the “time variation pattern” corresponding to the connected load, “time differential value data” may be stored in the storage unit 17, and this data and the measurement data may be collated. Furthermore, although the display unit 14 is provided in the present embodiment, if the measurement result is transmitted to the outside via a radio or a signal line, or if the measurement result is read from the outside as needed, the display unit 14 is not necessarily displayed. It is not necessary to provide the part 14 in the measuring apparatus.

  In addition, even when two or more of the same kind of devices (loads) are installed in the measurement system of the present invention at almost the same distance, it is extremely rare that the actual way of laying indoor wiring is the same. The present invention is effective in most cases.

It is a block diagram of the power consumption measuring device of one embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the load power consumption analysis part of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the power consumption measuring device of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power consumption measuring device 2 Commercial power supply 3 Distribution equipment 4-1 to 4-n Load 11 Power consumption measuring part 12 Impedance measuring part 13 Load power consumption analyzing part 14 Display part 15 Power consumption time change extraction part 16 Impedance Time change extraction unit 17 Storage unit 18 Load identification unit 19 Load power consumption determination unit 101-105, 201-209 Step

Claims (6)

An apparatus for measuring power consumption in a plurality of loads to which power is supplied from a commercial power supply system via a distribution network or distribution equipment,
A power consumption measuring unit that measures power consumption at one measurement point on the distribution network or distribution facility;
An impedance measuring unit that measures an impedance between wires at at least one frequency other than the frequency of the supplied power;
By comparing the time change of the power consumption and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance with the time change of the power consumption of each load measured in advance and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance, the power consumption A load power consumption measuring device comprising: a load power consumption analysis unit that identifies a load that causes a time change of the load and assigns the time change as a power consumption by the specified load.   For each load, the load power consumption analysis unit extracts a time change of the power consumption time change extraction unit that extracts a time change of the power consumption, an impedance time change extraction unit that extracts a time change of the impedance between the wirings, A storage unit that stores the time change of the power consumption and the time change of the impedance obtained in advance, and the newly measured time change of the power consumption and the time change of the impedance are stored in the storage unit. A load identification unit that identifies a load that causes the time change of the power consumption amount, and a time change amount of the measured power consumption amount. The power consumption measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising: a load power consumption determining unit that is assigned as the power consumption of the identified load.   The power consumption measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the impedance measuring unit measures a combined value of the wiring to the plurality of loads and the input impedance of each load.   4. The power consumption measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the time change of the power consumption and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance are time differentiation or a time change pattern. A method for measuring power consumption in a plurality of loads to which power is supplied from a commercial power supply system via a distribution network or distribution equipment,
A power consumption measuring step for measuring power consumption at one measurement point on the distribution network or distribution facility;
An impedance measurement step of measuring an inter-wiring impedance at at least one frequency other than the frequency of the supplied power;
By comparing the time change of the power consumption and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance with the time change of the power consumption of each load measured in advance and the time change of the inter-wiring impedance, the power consumption A load power consumption analysis step of identifying a load that causes a time change of the load and assigning the time change as a power consumption by the specified load.   The load power consumption analysis step includes a power consumption time change extraction step for extracting a time change in the power consumption, an impedance time change extraction step for extracting a time change in the inter-wiring impedance, and the power consumption time. The time change of the power consumption and the time change of the impedance obtained by the change extraction step and the impedance time change extraction step are collated with the time change of the power consumption obtained in advance and the time change of the impedance for each load. A load specifying step for specifying the load that caused the time change of the power consumption, and a power consumption determination for allocating the time change of the measured power consumption as the power consumption of the specified load. The method for measuring power consumption according to claim 5, comprising: steps.

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