JP2004521389A - Display device based on attenuated total reflection - Google Patents

Display device based on attenuated total reflection Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004521389A
JP2004521389A JP2003502581A JP2003502581A JP2004521389A JP 2004521389 A JP2004521389 A JP 2004521389A JP 2003502581 A JP2003502581 A JP 2003502581A JP 2003502581 A JP2003502581 A JP 2003502581A JP 2004521389 A JP2004521389 A JP 2004521389A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
display device
pixel
fluids
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP2003502581A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
メンノ ダブリュー ジェイ プリンス
コーネリッセン ヒューゴ ジェイ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of JP2004521389A publication Critical patent/JP2004521389A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/19Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G02F1/195Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 by using frustrated reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/37Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
    • G09F9/372Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

表示セル10は、異なる屈折率又は吸収係数をもつ2つの混合しない流体3,4を含み、このセルは、全反射(TIR)を可能にするプリズム構造を具備する透明基板10の下に位置付けられる。スイッチングは、(外部)電極5,6の静電力のためにセル内において流体が(再)分布と、導電性である流体の1つに印加される電位とによる減衰TIRに基づく。The display cell 10 includes two immiscible fluids 3, 4 having different refractive indices or absorption coefficients, which are positioned below a transparent substrate 10 with a prism structure that allows total internal reflection (TIR). . Switching is based on the damping TIR due to the (re) distribution of the fluid in the cell due to the electrostatic forces of the (external) electrodes 5,6 and the potential applied to one of the fluids that is conductive.

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、実質的にフラットな表面と、このフラットな表面に対向する実質的にプリズム状の表面とを備える実質的に透明な基板を有する表示装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
このタイプの表示装置は、例えば、第20回IDRC会議声明の311〜314ページ(2000)「プリズム状微細構造体の全反射に基づく新規の反射型ディスプレイ」の論文に説明されている。この論文は、制御された減衰(frustration)に基づいた全反射(total internal reflection)の原理を説明している。この全反射は、電気泳動によってプリズム状の表面に向かって光吸収粒子を移動させることによる一つの状態において不可能にされる。
【0003】
電気泳動表示装置は、異なる透過率又は反射率をもつ2つの極端な状態間の電界の影響を受けて電荷を帯びた通常着色された粒子の動きに基づく。これらの装置によって、暗く(着色された)文字は、明るく又は薄く(着色された)バックグラウンドに投影されることが可能になり、またその逆も同様に可能になる。
【0004】
電気泳動表示装置は、したがって、紙の機能に取って代わる「ホワイトペーパー」と呼ばれる用途(電子新聞又は電子日記など)の表示装置に特に用いられる。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、(暗い及び明るい)2つの光学的な状態において反射光の差を実現するための全く異なるメカニズムに基づいている。
【0006】
この目的のために、本発明による表示装置は、異なる屈折率又は異なる吸収係数及び導電性の差をもつ少なくとも2つの実質的に混合しない流体を含むリザーバを、画素の位置に有するとともに、前記流体を互いに対して移動させるための駆動手段も有する。
【0007】
以下に後述されるように、(流体の一方の適切な選択、したがって屈折率の適切な選択によって)光は2つの状態の一方において完全に反射され、光は他方の状態において流体によって吸収される(さもなければ、他の場合、部分的に透過及び吸収されるか、又はされない)。
【0008】
見る側において見る人に面している基板表面は、基板のプリズム状の表面の少なくとも一部分が、リザーバの壁の部分を形成する状態において、フラットであってもよい。その代わりに、上記基板表面は、基板のフラットな表面の少なくとも一部分が、リザーバの壁の部分を形成する状態において、プリズム状であってもよい。
【0009】
上記流体を互いに移動させるために、導電率の差が使用され、画素のリザーバの壁の領域において、駆動手段は、上記流体に電気的に結合され得る少なくとも2つの電極を有している。
【0010】
画素のリザーバの壁の領域において、上記駆動手段は、流体から絶縁される2つの電極と、導電性流体と電気的に接触している第3の電極とを好ましくは有している。
【0011】
この目的のために、マトリクス装置は、行又は選択電極と列又はデータ電極との交差の領域に複数の画素を有し、上記画素の電極と上記行電極又は上記列電極との間に少なくともスイッチング素子を有している。
【0012】
本発明のこれら及び他の態様が、以下に説明される実施例を参照してより明瞭に説明されるであろう。
【0013】
各図面は概略であり、一律の縮尺に従わずに描かれている。対応する構成部分は、同じ参照符号によって概して示されている。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は表示セル1を概略的に示している。この表示セル1は、2つの液体又は流体3,4を、透明な、例えば、ガラス又は合成材料の封体部2に含み、これらの流体は互いに混合することがなく、上記流体の一方は導電性であり、他方は絶縁性である。この例では、表示セル1は、例えば(導電性である)水溶性の(着色)溶液4、例えばメチレンブルー又はプルシアンブルー(CFeKn)の水溶液を一方で有し、他方では、窒素のようなガス、又は(例えばドデカン(dodecane)若しくはヘキサデカン(hexadecane)などの)アルカンのような無極性油、シリコンオイル(silicon oil)、クロロナフタレン(chloronaphtalene)、ブロモナフタレン(bromonaphtalene)、又は1−ブロモドデカン(1−bromododecane)が絶縁性流体として選択される。
【0015】
上記流体の2つの側において、表示セル1は、複数の画素に対して共通である電圧Vcom1及びVcom2を伴って通常フィードされる絶縁された電極5及び6を有し、上記電圧は、関連の実施例において0及びVの電圧である。表示セル1は、導電性流体4と封体部2を介して導電性接触を生成する電極7も有している。電極7は電圧Vpixelをフィードされ、これにより、表示セルの光状態が調整される。本発明を理解するために、電極5及び6は上記封体部の外側に示されてはいるけれども、それらは実際には封体部2内に設けられており、フルオロポリマー(fluoropolymer)のような低い湿潤ヒステリシス(low wetting hysteresis)を有する絶縁コーティングによって、流体から絶縁される。
【0016】
導電性流体4は、電極5,6の方向に静電力によって引きつけられる。すなわち(Vpixel−Vcom1に比例する力によって電極5に向かって、(Vpixel−Vcom2に比例する力によって電極6に向かって、電気的湿潤(electrowetting)又は電気的毛管現象(electrocapillarity)のために引きつけられる。それぞれの静電力間の差が、表示セルの流体4の位置を規定する。図1では、Vcom1 = 0及びVcom2=Vである。Vpixel =0のとき、導電性流体4は、電極6(図1a)の位置にあり、Vpixel = Vのとき、導電性流体4は、電極5(図1b)の位置にある。画素電位Vpixelを変えることによって、導電性流体4の位置はこのように影響を及ぼされることができる。この実施例では、電極7が導電性電極として示され、更に流体の中に突き出ているけれども、このことは必須ではない。上記電位は、容量結合により導電性流体にもたらされてもよい。その場合、電極7は、例えば、リザーバ2の外側に配置されているか、又は絶縁保護コーティングを備えている。
【0017】
図2は、電圧Vpixelをここでもフィードされる電極7が、2つの副電極7及び7’にサブ分割されている図1の変形例を示している。上記流体間の境界面(インタフェース)は、この場合、使用される効果のために、図面の平面においてわずかな偏りを含んで、実質的には封体部2の上下の壁と平行である(図2において斜線8によって概略的に示されている)。
【0018】
図3は、上記に説明された原理が全反射に基づいて表示装置においてどのように使われるのかについて示している。表示セル1は、実質的なフラットな表面11と、前記フラット表面に対向する実質的なプリズム状の表面12及び12’とを備えるガラス又は合成材料の透明な基板10を有している。この表示セルは、異なる屈折率をもつ少なくとも2つの混合しない流体3及び4を含むリザーバ13を有しており、上記流体は互いに混ざり合うことがなく、上記流体の一方が導電性流体であり、他方が絶縁性流体である。表示セル1は、電圧Vpixelをフィードされるとともに、導電性流体4と封体部(図示略)を介して導電性接触を生成する電極7も有している。このことは図3には示されてはいないけれども、表示セルが、温度変化などの際の拡張に関して(複数の表示セル用の又はそうではない)2つの流体のために共通のオーバーフローリザーバを有することが望ましい。この表示セルは、上記流体の2つの側面に絶縁性電極5,6を有し、これらの電極は、関連の実施例においては電圧0及びVである共通電圧Vcom1及びVco m2をフィードされる。
【0019】
pixel = 0のとき、導電性流体4は電極6(図3a)の位置にあり、Vpixel = Vのとき、導電性流体4は電極5(この電極が図示されていない図3b)の位置にある。入射光線14は、第1に述べられた場合(図3a)において、透明(ITO)電極5によって透過され、絶縁性流体の屈折率の適切な選択によって表面12で全反射を受ける。この反射された光線14’は表面12’でもう一度全反射を受け、この二回反射された光線14’’は、実質的に全く光を損失することなく表示セル1を離れる。第2の場合(図3b)、入射光線14は、やはり透明(ITO)電極5によって透過されるが、その後、水溶液4によって表面12に完全に又は部分的に吸収される。光線14の可能な反射される部分14’が、表面12’に吸収される。
【0020】
この例では、電極6は画素の下側にのみ示されている。この理由は、例えば、マトリクス表示装置の1つの基板上にいくつかの画素を結合するときに有利であるからである。他の場合には、リザーバ13の壁に沿って電極6を設けることも有利である。これは、図3aの破線によって概略的に示されている。
【0021】
図4は、図2を参照して説明されたようなリザーバによる2つの類似した画素の組み合わせを概略的に示すけれども、この場合、実質的なフラットな表面11を画素の側に、実質的なプリズム状の表面12,12’を見る側に備えている。他の点では、先の図と同一の参照符号が付されている。
【0022】
図5は、本発明が適用できるカラー表示装置1の一部分の電気的等価を示している。これは、行又は選択電極27と列又はデータ電極26との交差の領域に画素20のマトリクスを有している。行電極1〜mは列ドライバ24によって連続して選択され、列電極1〜nはデータレジスタ25によりデータを供給される。この例では、列1,4,7,...,n−2の画素は赤い画素、列2,5,8,...,n−1の画素は青い画素、列3,6,9,...,nの画素は緑の画素を構成している。この目的のために、入力データ22は、必要に応じて、プロセッサ23において最初に処理される。列ドライバ24とデータレジスタ25との間の相互同期が、駆動ライン28を介してとられる。
【0023】
列ドライバ24及びデータレジスタ25からの駆動信号は、そのゲート電極が行電極27に電気的に接続しているとともに、そのソース電極が列電極26に電気的に接続している薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)29により画素20を選択する(アクティブ駆動として呼ばれる)。列電極26の信号は、上記TFTを介してドレイン電極に結合された画素20の電極7に伝送される。電極7は、図1乃至図4に関して上述されたものと同じ機能を有している。画素20の他の電極5及び6は、例えば、Vcom1(この例ではグランド)及びVcom2(この例ではV)を伴って、1つの(又は複数の)共通電極又は電極に接続されている。図5の実施例において、このようなTFT29が、1つの画素20のみについて概略的に示されている。
【0024】
本発明の範囲内である限り、いくつかの変形例がもちろん可能である。例えば、異なる屈折率をもつ2つの混合しない流体が使用されてもよい。特定の電極構成において、入射ビームが画素の下側に到達することが可能である。所望されるならば、画素は下側に光吸収層を備えていてもよい。
【0025】
上記薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)29の代わりに,例えばダイオード回路などの他のスイッチング素子が選択されてもよい。
【0026】
使用される流体3及び4が、ここで説明された移動が起こるような疎水特性の差を有する(上記壁が湿潤の振る舞いの差を有する)場合には、第3の電極5は省略されてもよい。その場合、2つの電極の1つが駆動電極として機能する。
【0027】
前述のように、容量結合が使用されてもよい。これもまた、TFT又は他のスイッチング素子による電極の駆動に適用される。
【0028】
本発明の保護範囲はこれまで説明した実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0029】
本発明は、新規な特徴的事項のそれぞれ皆に、そしてこうした特長的事項の組み合わせのそれぞれ皆に存するものである。請求項にある参照符号は、それらの保護範囲を限定するものではない。動詞「有する(comprise)」及びその活用形の使用は、請求項に記載されたもの以外の構成要素の存在を排除するものではない。構成要素に先行する単数表現の冠詞「a」又は「an」は、そうした構成要素の複数の存在を排除するものではない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1a】本発明による表示装置のベースとなる原理を概略的に示す。
【図1b】本発明による表示装置のベースとなる原理を概略的に示す。
【図2】図1の変形例を示す。
【図3a】本発明による表示セルの可能な形態を示す。
【図3b】本発明による表示セルの可能な形態を示す。
【図4】本発明による表示セルの別の可能な形態を示す。
【図5】本発明による表示装置の電気的等価図である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a display device having a substantially transparent substrate having a substantially flat surface and a substantially prismatic surface opposite the flat surface.
[0002]
[Prior art]
This type of display device is described, for example, in the 20th IDRC Conference Statement, pages 311-314 (2000), "New reflective display based on total internal reflection of prismatic microstructures". This article describes the principle of total internal reflection based on controlled frustration. This total reflection is disabled in one situation by moving the light absorbing particles towards the prismatic surface by electrophoresis.
[0003]
Electrophoretic displays are based on the movement of normally colored particles that are charged under the influence of an electric field between two extreme states with different transmittances or reflectivities. These devices allow dark (colored) characters to be projected on a lighter or lighter (colored) background, and vice versa.
[0004]
Electrophoretic displays are therefore particularly used in displays for applications called "white paper" that replace the function of paper (such as electronic newspapers or diaries).
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention is based on a completely different mechanism for realizing the difference between the reflected light in the two optical states (dark and bright).
[0006]
To this end, the display device according to the invention comprises, at the pixel location, a reservoir comprising at least two substantially immiscible fluids having different refractive indices or different absorption coefficients and conductivity differences, said fluid comprising: Also have drive means for moving the relative to each other.
[0007]
As will be described below, light is completely reflected in one of the two states (by a proper choice of one of the fluids, and thus of the refractive index), and is absorbed by the fluid in the other. (Otherwise, partially transmitted and absorbed or otherwise not).
[0008]
The substrate surface facing the viewer on the viewing side may be flat with at least a portion of the prismatic surface of the substrate forming a portion of the reservoir wall. Alternatively, the substrate surface may be prismatic, with at least a portion of the flat surface of the substrate forming a portion of the reservoir wall.
[0009]
To move the fluids relative to each other, a difference in conductivity is used, and in the region of the wall of the reservoir of the pixel, the driving means has at least two electrodes that can be electrically coupled to the fluid.
[0010]
In the area of the reservoir wall of the pixel, the drive means preferably comprises two electrodes insulated from the fluid and a third electrode in electrical contact with the conductive fluid.
[0011]
For this purpose, the matrix device has a plurality of pixels in the region of intersection of a row or selection electrode and a column or data electrode, at least switching between the electrode of said pixel and said row electrode or said column electrode Element.
[0012]
These and other aspects of the invention will be more clearly described with reference to the embodiments described below.
[0013]
Each drawing is schematic and is not drawn to scale. Corresponding components are generally indicated by the same reference numerals.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 schematically shows a display cell 1. The display cell 1 comprises two liquids or fluids 3, 4 in a transparent, for example glass or synthetic, enclosure 2, these fluids do not mix with one another and one of said fluids is conductive. And the other is insulating. In this example, the display cell 1 has, for example, a water-soluble (colored) solution 4 (which is electrically conductive), for example an aqueous solution of methylene blue or Prussian blue (C 6 Fe 2 Kn 6 ), on the other hand, nitrogen Or a non-polar oil such as an alkane (e.g., dodecane or hexadecane), silicone oil, chloronaphthalene, bromonaphthalene, or 1-. Bromodecane is chosen as the insulating fluid.
[0015]
In the two sides of the fluid, the display cell 1 includes an electrode 5 and 6 which are insulated are usually fed with a voltage V com1 and V com2 is common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage, In a related embodiment, the voltages are 0 and V. The display cell 1 also has an electrode 7 that makes conductive contact with the conductive fluid 4 via the enclosure 2. The electrode 7 is fed with a voltage V pixel , which adjusts the light state of the display cell. Although the electrodes 5 and 6 are shown outside the envelope for the sake of understanding the present invention, they are actually provided within the envelope 2 and are like a fluoropolymer. It is insulated from the fluid by an insulating coating with a low wet hysteresis.
[0016]
The conductive fluid 4 is attracted by electrostatic forces in the direction of the electrodes 5,6. That (V pixel -V com1) toward the electrode 5 by a force proportional to 2, (V pixel -V com2) 2 towards the electrode 6 by a force proportional to an electrical wet (electrowetting) or electrical capillarity (Electrocapillary). The difference between the respective electrostatic forces defines the position of the fluid 4 in the display cell. In FIG. 1, V com1 = 0 and V com2 = V. When V pixel = 0, the conductive fluid 4 is at the position of the electrode 6 (FIG. 1a), and when V pixel = V, the conductive fluid 4 is at the position of the electrode 5 (FIG. 1b). By changing the pixel potential V pixel , the position of the conductive fluid 4 can be affected in this way. Although in this embodiment the electrode 7 is shown as a conductive electrode and also protrudes into the fluid, this is not required. The potential may be provided to the conductive fluid by capacitive coupling. In that case, the electrode 7 is, for example, arranged outside the reservoir 2 or is provided with a protective coating.
[0017]
FIG. 2 shows a variant of FIG. 1 in which the electrode 7, which is again fed the voltage V pixel, is subdivided into two sub-electrodes 7 and 7 '. The interface between the fluids is in this case substantially parallel to the upper and lower walls of the enclosure 2, including a slight deviation in the plane of the drawing, due to the effect used. In FIG. 2, this is schematically indicated by hatching 8).
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows how the principle described above is used in a display device based on total internal reflection. The display cell 1 comprises a transparent substrate 10 of glass or synthetic material with a substantially flat surface 11 and substantially prismatic surfaces 12 and 12 'opposite said flat surface. The display cell has a reservoir 13 containing at least two immiscible fluids 3 and 4 having different indices of refraction, wherein the fluids do not mix with one another, one of the fluids being a conductive fluid; The other is an insulating fluid. The display cell 1 is fed with a voltage V pixel and also has an electrode 7 for making conductive contact with the conductive fluid 4 via a sealing part (not shown). Although this is not shown in FIG. 3, the display cell has a common overflow reservoir for the two fluids (for multiple display cells or not) for expansion in the event of a temperature change or the like. It is desirable. This display cell, the two sides of the fluid has an insulating property electrodes 5 and 6, these electrodes are, in relevant examples are fed a common voltage V com1 and V co m @ 2 is a voltage 0 and V You.
[0019]
When V pixel = 0, the conductive fluid 4 is at the position of the electrode 6 (FIG. 3a), and when V pixel = V, the conductive fluid 4 is at the position of the electrode 5 (FIG. 3b, where this electrode is not shown). It is in. The incident light beam 14 is transmitted by the transparent (ITO) electrode 5 in the first mentioned case (FIG. 3a) and undergoes total internal reflection at the surface 12 by a suitable choice of the refractive index of the insulating fluid. The reflected ray 14 'undergoes another total reflection at the surface 12', and the double reflected ray 14 '' leaves the display cell 1 with substantially no loss of light. In the second case (FIG. 3 b), the incident light beam 14 is also transmitted by the transparent (ITO) electrode 5, but is then completely or partially absorbed by the aqueous solution 4 on the surface 12. A possible reflected portion 14 'of the light beam 14 is absorbed by the surface 12'.
[0020]
In this example, the electrode 6 is shown only below the pixel. This is because, for example, it is advantageous when several pixels are combined on one substrate of a matrix display device. In other cases, it is also advantageous to provide the electrodes 6 along the wall of the reservoir 13. This is indicated schematically by the dashed line in FIG. 3a.
[0021]
FIG. 4 schematically shows the combination of two similar pixels with a reservoir as described with reference to FIG. 2, but in this case a substantially flat surface 11 on the side of the pixel, substantially The prismatic surfaces 12, 12 'are provided on the viewing side. Otherwise, the same reference numerals as in the previous figures are provided.
[0022]
FIG. 5 shows the electrical equivalent of a part of the color display device 1 to which the present invention can be applied. It has a matrix of pixels 20 in the region of the intersection of a row or select electrode 27 and a column or data electrode 26. The row electrodes 1 to m are continuously selected by a column driver 24, and the column electrodes 1 to n are supplied with data by a data register 25. In this example, columns 1, 4, 7,. . . , N-2 are red pixels, columns 2, 5, 8,. . . , N-1 are blue pixels, columns 3, 6, 9,. . . , N constitute green pixels. For this purpose, the input data 22 is first processed in a processor 23, if necessary. Mutual synchronization between the column driver 24 and the data register 25 is achieved via a drive line 28.
[0023]
Driving signals from the column driver 24 and the data register 25 include a thin film transistor (TFT) 29 whose gate electrode is electrically connected to the row electrode 27 and whose source electrode is electrically connected to the column electrode 26. To select the pixel 20 (referred to as active drive). The signal of the column electrode 26 is transmitted to the electrode 7 of the pixel 20 connected to the drain electrode via the TFT. The electrode 7 has the same function as described above with reference to FIGS. Other electrodes 5 and 6 of the pixels 20, for example, V com1 with a (ground in this example) and V com2 (V in this example), the one (or more) are connected to the common electrode or electrodes . In the embodiment of FIG. 5, such a TFT 29 is schematically illustrated for only one pixel 20.
[0024]
Several variants are of course possible, as long as they are within the scope of the invention. For example, two immiscible fluids with different indices of refraction may be used. In certain electrode configurations, it is possible for the incident beam to reach the underside of the pixel. If desired, the pixels may be provided with a light absorbing layer on the underside.
[0025]
Instead of the thin film transistor (TFT) 29, another switching element such as a diode circuit may be selected.
[0026]
If the fluids 3 and 4 used have a difference in hydrophobic properties such that the movement described here takes place (the walls have a difference in wetting behavior), the third electrode 5 is omitted. Is also good. In that case, one of the two electrodes functions as a drive electrode.
[0027]
As mentioned above, capacitive coupling may be used. This also applies to driving electrodes by TFTs or other switching elements.
[0028]
The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
[0029]
The invention resides in each and every novel characteristic feature and each and every combination of characteristic features. The reference signs in the claims do not limit their scope of protection. Use of the verb "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements other than those stated in the claims. The singular article "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1a schematically shows the principle on which the display device according to the invention is based.
FIG. 1b schematically shows the principle on which the display device according to the invention is based.
FIG. 2 shows a modification of FIG.
FIG. 3a shows a possible form of a display cell according to the invention.
FIG. 3b shows a possible form of a display cell according to the invention.
FIG. 4 shows another possible form of a display cell according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is an electrical equivalent diagram of a display device according to the present invention.

Claims (8)

実質的にフラットな表面と、前記フラットな表面に対向する実質的にプリズム状の表面とを備える実質的に透明な基板を有する表示装置であって、異なる屈折率又は異なる吸収係数及び導電性の差をもつ少なくとも2つの実質的に混合しない流体を含むリザーバを、画素の位置において有するとともに、前記流体を互いに対して移動させるための駆動手段を有する表示装置。A display having a substantially transparent substrate comprising a substantially flat surface and a substantially prismatic surface opposite the flat surface, the display having a different refractive index or a different absorption coefficient and conductivity. A display device having a reservoir containing at least two substantially immiscible fluids having a difference at a pixel location and having driving means for moving said fluids relative to each other. 異なる屈折率をもつ2つの混合しない流体を有し、前記流体の一方は導電性であり、一方は実質的に絶縁性である、請求項1に記載の表示装置。The display device of claim 1, comprising two immiscible fluids having different indices of refraction, wherein one of the fluids is conductive and one is substantially insulating. 前記基板の前記フラットな表面が見る側であり、前記基板の前記プリズム状の表面の少なくとも一部分が、前記リザーバの壁の部分を形成する、請求項1に記載の表示装置。The display device of claim 1, wherein the flat surface of the substrate is a viewing side, and at least a portion of the prismatic surface of the substrate forms a portion of a wall of the reservoir. 前記基板の前記プリズム状の表面が見る側であり、前記基板の前記フラットな表面の少なくとも一部分が、前記基板の壁の部分を形成する、請求項1に記載の表示装置。The display device according to claim 1, wherein the prism-shaped surface of the substrate is a viewing side, and at least a part of the flat surface of the substrate forms a part of a wall of the substrate. 画素の前記リザーバの前記壁の領域における前記駆動手段が、前記流体に電気的に結合されることができる少なくとも2つの電極を有する、請求項1に記載の表示装置。The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving means in the area of the wall of the reservoir of a pixel comprises at least two electrodes which can be electrically coupled to the fluid. 画素の前記リザーバの前記壁の領域における前記駆動手段が、前記流体から絶縁される2つの電極と、前記導電性である流体と電気的に接触する第3の電極とを有する、請求項5に記載の表示装置。6. The method of claim 5, wherein the driving means in the region of the wall of the reservoir of a pixel comprises two electrodes insulated from the fluid and a third electrode in electrical contact with the conductive fluid. The display device according to the above. 行又は選択電極と列又はデータ電極との交差の領域に複数の画素を有し、前記画素の電極と前記行電極又は前記列電極との間に少なくともスイッチング素子を有する、請求項1に記載の表示装置。2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pixels in a region where a row or a selection electrode and a column or a data electrode intersect, and having at least a switching element between an electrode of the pixel and the row electrode or the column electrode. Display device. 前記電極と前記列電極との間において画素ごとにTFTトランジスタを有し、前記TFTトランジスタのゲートが行電極に接続される、請求項7に記載の表示装置。The display device according to claim 7, wherein a TFT transistor is provided for each pixel between the electrode and the column electrode, and a gate of the TFT transistor is connected to a row electrode.
JP2003502581A 2001-06-05 2002-06-04 Display device based on attenuated total reflection Withdrawn JP2004521389A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01202127 2001-06-05
PCT/IB2002/002041 WO2002099527A1 (en) 2001-06-05 2002-06-04 Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004521389A true JP2004521389A (en) 2004-07-15

Family

ID=8180419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003502581A Withdrawn JP2004521389A (en) 2001-06-05 2002-06-04 Display device based on attenuated total reflection

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6961167B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1402314A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004521389A (en)
KR (1) KR20030017661A (en)
CN (1) CN1268979C (en)
WO (1) WO2002099527A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006519412A (en) * 2003-02-26 2006-08-24 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Passive matrix display with bistable electrowetting cell
JP2009175539A (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-06 Hitachi Ltd Liquid prism and projector using the same
JP2011141570A (en) * 2004-04-13 2011-07-21 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Autostereoscopic display device

Families Citing this family (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101128633B1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2012-03-26 삼성 엘씨디 네덜란드 알앤디 센터 비.브이. Display device
WO2003071335A2 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display apparatus
US6972882B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2005-12-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device with light angle amplification
US6954297B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2005-10-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid
US7023603B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2006-04-04 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic microemulsion
WO2004068208A1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2004-08-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display device
GB2397894B (en) * 2003-02-03 2006-05-03 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Improvements in mobile communication devices
US7417782B2 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-08-26 Pixtronix, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for spatial light modulation
US6844953B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2005-01-18 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid
PL1623264T3 (en) 2003-05-06 2016-05-31 Koninklijke Philips Nv Switchable optical element using surfactants
CN100406955C (en) * 2003-05-06 2008-07-30 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Electrowetting module
KR20050123181A (en) 2003-05-09 2005-12-29 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Method of manufacturing a collection of separate variable focus lenses
EP1625439A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-02-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Adjustable mirror
JP4739218B2 (en) * 2003-10-08 2011-08-03 イー インク コーポレイション Electrowetting display
US8319759B2 (en) 2003-10-08 2012-11-27 E Ink Corporation Electrowetting displays
US7430355B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2008-09-30 University Of Cincinnati Light emissive signage devices based on lightwave coupling
US7123796B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2006-10-17 University Of Cincinnati Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling
US6917456B2 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-07-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Light modulator
EP1700160A2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2006-09-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lithography system using a programmable electro-wetting mask
US20080247019A1 (en) * 2004-03-30 2008-10-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Compact Switchable Optical Unit
GB0407233D0 (en) * 2004-03-30 2004-05-05 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Compact switchable optical unit
GB0407642D0 (en) 2004-04-02 2004-05-05 Eastman Kodak Co Display element
CA2572952C (en) * 2004-07-09 2012-12-04 The University Of Cincinnati Display capable electrowetting light valve
US20080084614A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2008-04-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Reflective Electrowetting Lens
US7586560B2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2009-09-08 Intel Corporation Display using light guide and refractive index control
GB2422680B (en) * 2005-01-27 2010-04-14 Univ Nottingham Trent Switchable phase grating
US7999994B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2011-08-16 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US9158106B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2015-10-13 Pixtronix, Inc. Display methods and apparatus
US9082353B2 (en) 2010-01-05 2015-07-14 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US8310442B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2012-11-13 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US20070205969A1 (en) 2005-02-23 2007-09-06 Pixtronix, Incorporated Direct-view MEMS display devices and methods for generating images thereon
US8519945B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2013-08-27 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US20080158635A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2008-07-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US9261694B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-02-16 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof
US7746529B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-06-29 Pixtronix, Inc. MEMS display apparatus
US7675665B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2010-03-09 Pixtronix, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for actuating displays
US9229222B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-01-05 Pixtronix, Inc. Alignment methods in fluid-filled MEMS displays
US8482496B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2013-07-09 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling MEMS display apparatus on a transparent substrate
US8159428B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2012-04-17 Pixtronix, Inc. Display methods and apparatus
US7410309B2 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-08-12 Nokia Corporation Optical shutter
KR100949412B1 (en) 2005-04-15 2010-03-24 더 유니버시티 오브 브리티쉬 콜롬비아 A reflective display and a method of increasing a reflectance of a reflective display
WO2006123288A2 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method
US7826125B2 (en) 2005-06-14 2010-11-02 California Institute Of Technology Light conductive controlled shape droplet display device
FR2887638B1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-08-31 Varioptic Sa VARIABLE FOCAL LENS WITH REDUCED INTERNAL PRESSURE VARIATION
US7427745B2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2008-09-23 Nokia Corporation Optical shutter for miniature cameras
WO2007082370A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-26 The University Of British Columbia Microlens-assisted brightness enhancement in reflective image displays
US8526096B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2013-09-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Mechanical light modulators with stressed beams
US7876489B2 (en) 2006-06-05 2011-01-25 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus with optical cavities
GB0611134D0 (en) * 2006-06-06 2006-07-19 Liquavista Bv Optical apparatus
US20080088551A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Honeywell International Inc. Microfluidic prism
US7791813B2 (en) * 2006-10-12 2010-09-07 Honeywell International Inc. Microfluidic imaging array
EP2080045A1 (en) 2006-10-20 2009-07-22 Pixtronix Inc. Light guides and backlight systems incorporating light redirectors at varying densities
US9176318B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-11-03 Pixtronix, Inc. Methods for manufacturing fluid-filled MEMS displays
US7852546B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2010-12-14 Pixtronix, Inc. Spacers for maintaining display apparatus alignment
US20090141336A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Lumination Llc Projection display devices employing frustrated total internal reflection
US8248560B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2012-08-21 Pixtronix, Inc. Light guides and backlight systems incorporating prismatic structures and light redirectors
US7920317B2 (en) 2008-08-04 2011-04-05 Pixtronix, Inc. Display with controlled formation of bubbles
US8169679B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2012-05-01 Pixtronix, Inc. MEMS anchors
NL2002213C2 (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-18 Flexible Optical B V Deformable mirror with internal reflection.
GB0911190D0 (en) * 2009-06-29 2009-08-12 Hein Oliver K Advertising sign
JP2013519121A (en) 2010-02-02 2013-05-23 ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド Method for manufacturing a cold sealed fluid filled display device
WO2011097258A1 (en) 2010-02-02 2011-08-11 Pixtronix, Inc. Circuits for controlling display apparatus
US8941683B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-01-27 Microsoft Corporation Transparent display interaction
US8770813B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2014-07-08 Microsoft Corporation Transparent display backlight assembly
US9134552B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-09-15 Pixtronix, Inc. Display apparatus with narrow gap electrostatic actuators
US10416782B2 (en) * 2014-07-29 2019-09-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Display device
US10309615B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2019-06-04 Sun Chemical Corporation Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling in combination with visible light illuminated content
US10209530B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2019-02-19 E Ink Corporation Three-dimensional display
CN107870496A (en) * 2016-09-23 2018-04-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 One kind shows structure and display device
CN106291914B (en) 2016-10-31 2018-04-03 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Display panel and its driving method and display device
US10444488B2 (en) * 2017-02-24 2019-10-15 Mirada Technologies Inc. Optical beam steering devices having electrically conductive fluids therein and methods of operating same
KR20200083542A (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-07-08 프리시플렉스 에스에이 Visual indicator and fluid dispenser
CN112602008B (en) 2018-09-20 2023-06-20 伊英克公司 Three-dimensional display device
WO2021037951A1 (en) 2019-08-29 2021-03-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Electrophoretic fluid

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4079368A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Information display through deformation of liquid dielectric media
US6064784A (en) * 1997-06-10 2000-05-16 The University Of British Columbia Electrophoretic, dual refraction frustration of total internal reflection in high efficiency variable reflectivity image displays
US6449081B1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2002-09-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical element and optical device having it
US6819471B2 (en) * 2001-08-16 2004-11-16 E Ink Corporation Light modulation by frustration of total internal reflection

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006519412A (en) * 2003-02-26 2006-08-24 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Passive matrix display with bistable electrowetting cell
JP2011141570A (en) * 2004-04-13 2011-07-21 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Autostereoscopic display device
JP2009175539A (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-06 Hitachi Ltd Liquid prism and projector using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6961167B2 (en) 2005-11-01
EP1402314A1 (en) 2004-03-31
US20040160684A1 (en) 2004-08-19
CN1513132A (en) 2004-07-14
KR20030017661A (en) 2003-03-03
WO2002099527A1 (en) 2002-12-12
CN1268979C (en) 2006-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2004521389A (en) Display device based on attenuated total reflection
KR101016976B1 (en) 2d/3d display apparatus
JP4260482B2 (en) Electrophoretic display device
Hayes et al. Video-speed electronic paper based on electrowetting
US8031168B2 (en) Display device having an electrode partially covering a picture element
JP4608546B2 (en) Display element and electric device using the same
US7872790B2 (en) Display capable electrowetting light valve
US8854718B2 (en) Electrowetting display device
US5745281A (en) Electrostatically-driven light modulator and display
KR101230710B1 (en) Display device
KR100376903B1 (en) Actuated film display device
CN100412676C (en) Electrophoretic display panel
US8027080B2 (en) Transflective electro-wetting display device
US20060187189A1 (en) Electro-optic device and electronic instrument
KR20040091641A (en) Display device
KR20130016129A (en) Electrofluidic chromatophore(efc) display apparatus
US10816791B1 (en) Insulated notch design for pixels in an electrowetting device
US9910265B1 (en) Electrowetting display having misaligned color filters
JP2005221520A (en) Electrophoretic display device
CN109212853B (en) Display device and method for manufacturing the same
KR101058709B1 (en) Transflective Electronic Paper Display Device
EP0721138A2 (en) Pixel elements
US10656408B1 (en) Electrowetting display device with integrated pixel spacer
US10481388B1 (en) Electrowetting display device with reflective pixel spacer
JP4925090B2 (en) Display device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20041118

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050603

A761 Written withdrawal of application

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A761

Effective date: 20070205