JP2004328747A - 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法及び該方法を用いたデジタルビデオ記録装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】 撮影されたデジタル映像に実時間で透かしを埋込み及び検出し、映像の偽変造の有無及び偽変造の位置を確認することができるようにする透かしの埋込み及び検出方法に関する。圧縮過程で用いられる周波数変換後の量子化された係数を用いて透かしを生成し、これを映像に埋め込むことにより映像の圧縮と透かしの埋込みが共に行われる。本来の擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせたランダムシーケンスを透かしとして映像に埋め込む強靭な透かしの埋込み方法が開示される。映像のMPEG圧縮過程中において、量子化されたDCT係数を用いて透かしを生成及び埋め込む技術が開示され、透かしの生成及び埋込みは、マクロブロック単位またはスライス単位で行われ得る。
【選択図】図1
Description
ヤング・ヤン(Yang Yan)、ツァング・ドング(Zhang Dong)著「Mバンドウェーブレット変換によるアルゴリズムの高度化(Enhancement of Algorithms via M−Band Wavelet Transform)」、SPIE生物医学光通信及び光電子イメージング会報(Proceedings of SPIE Biomedical Photonics and Optoelectronic Imaging)、2000年、165−169ページ
このとき、デジタル映像内のRWが埋め込まれる領域と、FWが埋め込まれる領域とは互いに重なることもあり、また互いに異なる場合もある。しかし、FWの埋込みにより、RWが抽出されることで受ける影響を最小化するために、好ましくはRWとFWは、その領域を異にして埋込み及び抽出される。RW及びFWの埋込みと映像圧縮の同時遂行に関する具体的な説明もまた後述する。
本発明においては、圧縮と共に強靭な透かしを埋め込むために、秘密キーにより発生された擬似ランダムシーケンスを埋め込もうとする情報dだけ円状シフト(circular shift)させることにより、透かしを埋め込む方法を用いた。
w= w2 (1)
2n:ランダムシーケンスの長さ
2m:許容誤差帯域幅
ここで、2m−1を足した理由は、四捨五入のためのものであり、Infoは(n−m)bitsの長さを有する2進データである。
一般的にビデオデータは、連続したイメージの列であるため、イメージ透かし技法をそのまま適用することができる。しかし、イメージ透かし技法をそのままビデオ透かし技法として用いるのに最も大きな問題点として浮かび上がる事項は計算の複雑度である。この計算の複雑度を減らすことが、現在ビデオ透かし技法において解決しなければならない重要な課題であると言える。
F’=F+αw (3)
ここで、Fは、ウェーブレット変換された原映像をいい、αは埋込み強度、wは透かし、F’は透かしが埋め込まれた映像を意味する。
離散コサイン変換DCTは、現在停止映像や動画像の圧縮に最も汎用的に用いられている変換である。本発明においては、離散コサイン変換領域で実時間で透かしを埋め込むために、イントラフレームのDCT係数のうちDCまたはAC係数のLSBにシフトシーケンス透かし技法を用いて透かしを埋め込む。この方法を用いると、非常に簡単かつ効率的に透かしを埋め込むことができ、圧縮に極めて強靭な特性を示す。
軟弱な透かしは、映像の偽変造の有無と偽変造された領域を見つけ出すために用いられる。強靭な透かしは、原映像の一部分を偽変造した場合にも透かし情報が抽出される可能性があるため、強靭な透かしの埋込み、検出だけでは正確な偽変造領域を見つけ出すことは不可能である。従って、本発明の目的である撮影されてA/D変換されたデジタル映像の偽変造の防止及び偽変造領域の検出のためには、必ず軟弱な透かしが用いられなければならない。本発明において提案される軟弱な透かし技法は、圧縮過程と共に透かしを埋め込む方法であり、映像の圧縮過程において圧縮されたビットストリームに軟弱な透かしを埋め込む方法である。
埋め込まれるビットストリームの位置を知るために、代表的な動画像圧縮フォーマットであるMPEG−2構造を図13に示した。図13は、MPEG構造を説明する図である。
前記においては、離散コサイン変換領域において軟弱な透かしを圧縮過程と共に埋め込む方法について説明し、以下においては、本発明によってウェーブレット変換領域において軟弱な透かしを圧縮過程と共に埋め込む方法について説明する。
110 映像データ処理部(A/D)
120 固定情報生成部
130 任意情報生成部
140 透かし生成部
150 圧縮及び透かし生成部
160 映像データ処理部(デコーダ+D/A)
170 ネットワーク連結部
180 映像記録部
190 実時間運営部
Claims (26)
- 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
本来の擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせたランダムシーケンスを透かしとして映像に埋め込むステップを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記透かしは、強靭な透かしであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 前記透かしは、圧縮過程において用いられる周波数変換の量子化された係数を用いて生成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
- 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
擬似ランダムシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせ、透かしシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記透かしシーケンスに透かしの埋込み強度を示す係数を乗算するステップと、
前記乗算された透かしシーケンスをウェーブレット変換された原映像と合算させ、周波数変換領域における透かしが埋め込まれた映像を生成するステップと、
前記透かしが埋め込まれた映像をウェーブレット逆変換し、空間領域における透かしが埋め込まれた映像を生成するステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
擬似ランダムシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせ、透かしシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記透かしシーケンスをウェーブレット逆変換するステップと、
前記ウェーブレット逆変換された透かしシーケンスに透かしの埋込み強度を示す係数を乗算するステップと、
前記乗算された透かしシーケンスを空間領域の原映像と合算させ、透かしが埋め込まれた映像を生成するステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記擬似ランダムシーケンスは、{−1、1}でマッピングされることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 前記透かしは、強靭な透かしであることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 請求項5または6に記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
- 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
擬似ランダムシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせ、透かしシーケンスを生成するステップと、
原映像を離散コサイン変換させるステップと、
前記原映像の離散コサイン変換された係数のうち、DCまたはAC係数のLSBを前記透かしシーケンスに代替するステップと、
前記LSBが代替された映像を離散コサイン逆変換するステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
擬似ランダムシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記擬似ランダムシーケンスを距離dだけ円状シフトさせ、透かしシーケンスを生成するステップと、
前記透かしシーケンスを離散コサイン逆変換するステップと、
前記離散コサイン変換された透かしシーケンスを原映像と合算するステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記透かしは、強靭な透かしであることを特徴とする請求項10または11に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 請求項10または11に記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
- 映像のMPEG圧縮を行う過程と共に映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
入力映像を離散コサイン変換するステップと、
前記離散コサイン変換された映像を量子化するステップと、
前記量子化されたDCT係数を用いて透かしを構成するステップと、
前記透かしを前記映像に埋め込むステップと、
前記透かしが埋め込まれた映像に可変長コーディング過程を行うステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 映像のMPEG圧縮を行う過程と共に映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
前記映像の該当マクロブロックの量子化されたDCT係数が入力されるステップと、
前記該当マクロブロックの各DCTブロックを特徴抽出領域と透かしの埋込み領域とに分割するステップと、
前記特徴抽出領域の量子化されたDCT係数とユーザ情報とを組み合わせるステップと、
前記組み合わされた値をハッシュ関数の入力値としてハッシュ値を求めるステップと、
前記透かしの埋込み領域の量子化されたDCT係数のLSBに前記ハッシュ値を埋め込むステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記マクロブロックは、16×16の大きさであり、前記マクロブロックは、8×8の大きさの4個のDCTブロックで構成されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 映像のMPEG圧縮を行う過程と共に映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
前記映像の該当スライス内の全てのマクロブロックの量子化されたDCT係数が入力されるステップと、
前記マクロブロックのそれぞれのDCTブロックを特徴抽出領域と透かしの埋込み領域とに分割するステップと、
前記特徴抽出領域の量子化されたDCT係数とユーザ情報とを組み合わせるステップと、
前記組み合わされた値をハッシュ関数の入力値としてハッシュ値を求めるステップと、
前記該当スライスの次のスライスの透かしの埋込み領域の量子化されたDCT係数のLSBに前記ハッシュ値を埋め込むステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記ユーザ情報は、製造企業の固有番号及び製品の固有番号の少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 前記透かしは、軟弱な透かしであることを特徴とする請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
- 映像のJPEG圧縮を行う過程と共に映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
入力映像を離散コサイン変換するステップと、
前記離散コサイン変換された映像を量子化するステップと、
前記量子化されたDCT係数を用いて透かしを構成するステップと、
前記透かしを前記映像に埋め込むステップと、
前記透かしが埋め込まれた映像にエントロピーコーディング過程を行うステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 請求項21に記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
- 映像のウェーブレット圧縮を行う過程と共に映像に透かしを埋め込む方法において、
ウェーブレット圧縮過程中の量子化されたウェーブレット係数を特徴抽出領域と透かしの埋込み領域とに分割するステップと、
前記特徴抽出領域の量子化されたDCTウェーブレット係数とユーザ情報とを組み合わせるステップと、
前記組み合わされた値をハッシュ関数の入力値としてハッシュ値を求めるステップと、
前記透かしの埋込み領域のLSBをゼロとし、ここに前記ハッシュ値ビットを埋め込むステップとを含むことを特徴とする透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記ウェーブレット圧縮のウェーブレット変換は2段階のウェーブレット変換であり、
前記透かしの埋込み領域としてLL2、HL2及びLH2領域が用いられることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。 - 前記透かしは、軟弱な透かしであることを特徴とする請求項23または24に記載の透かしの埋込み方法。
- 請求項23または24に記載の透かしの埋込み方法によって実時間で撮影される映像に透かしを埋め込んで記録するデジタルビデオ記録装置。
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KR100334730B1 (ko) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-05-04 | 류정열 | 자동차 도어의 늘어남 방지장치 |
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2003
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2004
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- 2004-04-23 JP JP2004128594A patent/JP4294538B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2010
- 2010-04-13 US US12/759,633 patent/US20100266157A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4294538B2 (ja) | 2009-07-15 |
US7707422B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
US20100266157A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
KR20040092703A (ko) | 2004-11-04 |
KR100624751B1 (ko) | 2006-09-19 |
US20040258243A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
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