JP2004292721A - Fuel oil for diesel engine and lubricating oil for diesel engine - Google Patents

Fuel oil for diesel engine and lubricating oil for diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004292721A
JP2004292721A JP2003089727A JP2003089727A JP2004292721A JP 2004292721 A JP2004292721 A JP 2004292721A JP 2003089727 A JP2003089727 A JP 2003089727A JP 2003089727 A JP2003089727 A JP 2003089727A JP 2004292721 A JP2004292721 A JP 2004292721A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
limonene
engine
diesel engine
fuel
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Pending
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JP2003089727A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Noriko Asayama
規子 朝山
Toshiyuki Tanaka
俊行 田中
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ILUKA COLLEGE CO Ltd
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ILUKA COLLEGE CO Ltd
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Priority to JP2003089727A priority Critical patent/JP2004292721A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an improved fuel oil for diesel engines and a lubricating oil for diesel engines by using waste food oils such as cooking oil used in homes, restaurants, and the like, as a fuel for diesel engines. <P>SOLUTION: A fuel oil produced by adding a citrus oil composed mainly of terpenes such as limonene to the waste food oils is effective for solving the problem. A lubricating oil produced by adding the citrus oil composed mainly of the limonene, or the terpenes such as limonene, or methyl isobutyl ketone or isobutyl acetate to an engine oil is suitable as an engine oil in the case of using the waste food oils as the fuel for diesel engines. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主として家庭又は外食産業等から出る使用されて捨てられる食用油(以下、廃食用油という。)をディーゼルエンジンの燃料として利用しようとするもので、ディーゼルエンジン燃料用油及びディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料としては、軽油、重油が用いられていた。又、廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料として利用することも試みられている。
【0003】
しかしながら、廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料として使用すると、当初の段階はともかく、しばらく使用していると必ず問題が発生する。
【0004】
問題の一つは、廃食用油の粘度が高くなりエンジンの燃料供給が追いつかなることである。
【0005】
もうひとつの問題は、数十時間稼動しているとエンジンオイル中に黒い固まりのようなものが出現し、エンジンオイルが供給されなくなることである。そのことによって、動弁系及びピストンとライナー等の摺動部で磨耗を促進し、焼きつきに至らしめる。その結果エンジンは停止するという不具合が発生する。この固まりは高分子化合物と考えられ、加温しても、軽油、アルコール系溶剤に漬けても流動性をもたなかった。
【0006】
この高分子化合物を生成する原因は、植物油中の不飽和脂肪酸部分に含まれる2重又は3重結合部分の酸化と考えられ、この酸化によりトリグリセライド分子間に架橋が形成され、重合物を生成すると考えられる。また、エンジンの作動によって、エンジンオイルに少量ずつ混ざっていく未燃焼油と、エンジンオイル中に配合されている添加剤との反応で、高分子化、固形化が促進すると考えられる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料として使用する場合に発生する上述のような問題を解決しようとするものであり、特定の物質を廃食用油又はエンジンオイルに添加すると上述のような問題が解決するという新しい知見に基づくものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、廃食用油に特定の物質を添加すると、高粘度の廃食用油の粘度を低下させることが出来ること、又エンジンオイルに特定の物質を添加すると使用時間経過後において、上述の黒い固まりの出現をおさえることが出来ることの知見を得た。
【0009】
本発明は、食用油(廃食用油だけでなく未使用の食用油を含む)にリモネンなどのテルペンを添加することを特徴とする。又、本発明は食用油にリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油を添加することを特徴とする。
【0010】
燃料とする廃食用油中にリモネンなどのテルペン又はリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油を添加することにより、燃料タンクから噴射ノズルまでの洗浄と、燃料の粘度の低下に繋がることがわかった。揚げ物の種類と放置状態によって、燃焼時の排ガスに悪臭を伴うが、テルペンなどを廃食用油に混入することで、排ガスの悪臭を抑えることができ、さわやかな匂いにすることができる。また、燃料の廃食用油にテルペンなどを添加することが、排ガス中の黒煙を大幅に減少させることもわかった。この事実から、廃食用油にテルペン又はリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油を添加することが燃料の燃焼効率を上昇させていると考えられる。
【0011】
更に、本発明はエンジンオイルにリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油もしくはリモネンなどのテルペンの添加、又はメチルイソブチルケトンもしくは酢酸イソブチルを添加したディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油を提供する。この潤滑油はエンジン内部を掃除し、高分子化合物の生成を未然に防止し、上述の黒い固まりの出現をなくする効果を奏する。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明をなすに当って、種々の実験を行ったので、以下順に説明する。
【0013】
先ず、廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料とすることによって生じるエンジンオイルの劣化に対するリモネンの効果について述べる。
【0014】
廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料として数十時間稼動していると、エンジン内部に黒色の物質が出現して固まりを形成し、エンジンオイルの供給不足とエンジン内部の焼き付きの複合作用によってエンジンを停止させてしまう。
【0015】
この固まりを生成する原因は、植物油中の不飽和脂肪酸部分に含まれる2重又は3重結合部分の酸化と考えられ、この酸化により、トリグリセライド分子間に架橋が形成され、重合物を生成すると考えられる。また、エンジンの作動によって、エンジンオイルに少量ずつ混ざっていく未燃焼油と、エンジンオイル中に配合されている添加剤との反応で、高分子化、固形化が促進すると考えられる。
【0016】
実験(1)上記の黒色の物質の固まりを溶解又は分散させる実験
大きさが0.05〜0.1立方センチメートル程度の固まりを用いて、各種の溶剤(a〜j)に室温(5〜20℃)で一昼夜浸して溶解試験を行った。
【0017】
a.軽油 b.灯油 c.エタノール d.1−プロパノール e.1−ブタノール
f.大豆白絞め油 g.レモンパーム油 h.リモネンi.メチルイソブチルケトン
j.酢酸イソブチル
炭化水素系溶剤のa、b、アルコール系溶剤のc〜e、トリグリセライドのfでは、この固形物は一昼夜浸しても全く変化しなかった。テルペンの1種であるg、hには、浸してすぐに固まりと溶剤との接触面から溶解又は分散が始まり、一昼夜後には固まりが微細粒子に分散した。ケトンの1種のiとエステルの1種のjについても、同様の効果が観測された。
【0018】
実験(2)エンジンオイルにリモネンを添加したディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油を用いての、ディーゼルエンジンの稼働実験
エンジンはデンヨー製ディーゼルエンジン型発電機DA−3000SS型を使用し、エンジンオイルは市販のエンジンオイル(トヨタ製、RVスペシャル)にリモネンを容量パーセントで20%になるように添加して使用した。74時間稼働後、エンジンのオイルフィルター内とロッカーケース内に問題の固形物が形成されていないことを確認した。
【0019】
次に、廃食用油をディーゼルエンジンの燃料とする場合、廃食用油にリモネンを添加することが燃焼に及ぼす効果について述べる。
【0020】
実験(3)精製した廃食用油とそれにリモネンを添加した油の燃焼性の比較
使用エンジンは、上記の実験(2)と同じである。燃焼に使用した廃食用油は、鳥取大学医学部学生食堂にて豚カツなどに使用し3ヶ月間放置された後、活性白土処理により精製した大豆しらしめ油と動物製の油が混ざったものである。
【0021】
燃料の燃焼性の評価は排ガス中の黒煙発生量を指標とし、測定には光明理化学工業製、ST−100N型黒煙測定器を用いた。
【0022】
エンジンの稼働は最大出力の3kWの負荷をかけ、外気温10.6℃で行い、5分間稼動後の燃焼が安定した状態でそれぞれ3回黒煙度(%)の測定を行った。排ガス中の黒煙度はエンジンの劣化状態に大きく影響されるため、対比として軽油での測定も行った。
【0023】
以下に、測定結果を示す。数値は3回の測定値と、平均値である。
【0024】
▲1▼ 軽油では、68%、62%、74%で、平均68%
▲2▼ 廃食用油では、45%、58%、51%で、平均51%
▲3▼ 廃食用油にリモネンを容量比で10%になるように添加したものでは、
27%、29%、25%で、平均27%
この測定結果から、廃食用油にリモネンを添加することは、燃料の燃焼効率を高め、不完全燃焼の指標となる黒煙の排出を減らせることが判った。
【0025】
実験(4)排気臭に及ぼすリモネン添加の効果
廃食用油を燃焼させると、廃食用油の使用状態によっては排ガスに悪臭を伴うが、廃食用油にリモネンを添加することによってその臭いを低減させるとともに、柑橘系のさわやかな臭いにすることができた。
【0026】
▲1▼酸敗の進んだ廃食用油を燃焼させると、刺激性の悪臭を発生するが、リモネンを添加することによって、刺激臭が消失
▲2▼動物性脂肪の多い廃食用油を燃焼させると、皮膚に吸着性の強い悪臭を発生するが、リモネンを添加することによって、動物性油脂の臭いが消失
【0027】
実験(5)廃食用油の粘度に及ぼすリモネンの効果
廃食用油50gにリモネンを添加し、山一電気製粘度計(VISCOMATEVM−1G−L型)を用いて、40℃で粘度を測定した。その結果を、以下に示す。
【0028】
▲1▼リモネンの添加濃度が1%の場合、粘度は2%低下
▲2▼リモネンの添加濃度が5%の場合、粘度は10%低下
▲3▼リモネンの添加濃度が10%の場合、粘度は20%低下
廃食用油にリモネンを添加することは、廃油の粘度を下げることが分かった。軽油に比べてはるかに高粘度の廃食用油を燃料として使用する場合、粘度の低下はエンジン稼働時の燃料供給を安定化させる有効な手段である。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明は食用油にテルペン又はリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油を添加したことにより、高粘度の廃食用油の粘度を低下させ、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料油として使用するときの燃料供給遅れを改善した。又廃食用油の燃焼効率を高め、黒煙の発生を抑制した。
【0030】
又、本発明はエンジンオイルにリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油、テルペン、メチルイソブチルケトン又は酢酸イソブチルを添加することにより、使用時間経過後において従前発生していたエンジン内部に発生していた黒い固まりの出現をおさえることのできるディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油を提供することができた。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention intends to use edible oil (hereinafter referred to as waste edible oil) used and discarded mainly from the home or the food service industry as a fuel for a diesel engine. It relates to improvement of lubricating oil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, light oil and heavy oil have been used as fuel for diesel engines. Attempts have also been made to use waste cooking oil as fuel for diesel engines.
[0003]
However, when waste cooking oil is used as a fuel for a diesel engine, a problem always occurs after a while, regardless of the initial stage.
[0004]
One of the problems is that the viscosity of the waste cooking oil becomes too high to keep up with the engine fuel supply.
[0005]
Another problem is that after operating for several tens of hours, a black mass appears in the engine oil and the engine oil is not supplied. Thereby, abrasion is promoted in the valve train and sliding parts such as the piston and the liner, resulting in seizure. As a result, there occurs a problem that the engine stops. This mass was considered to be a polymer compound, and did not have fluidity even when heated or immersed in light oil or an alcohol solvent.
[0006]
The cause of the generation of this high molecular compound is considered to be oxidation of the double or triple bond portion contained in the unsaturated fatty acid portion in the vegetable oil. When this oxidation forms a cross-link between triglyceride molecules and generates a polymer. Conceivable. In addition, it is considered that, by the operation of the engine, polymerization and solidification are promoted by a reaction between the unburned oil mixed with the engine oil little by little and an additive compounded in the engine oil.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problem that occurs when waste cooking oil is used as a fuel for a diesel engine. When a specific substance is added to waste cooking oil or engine oil, the above-described problem occurs. It is based on new knowledge that the problem will be solved.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that the addition of a specific substance to waste edible oil can reduce the viscosity of high-viscosity waste edible oil. It was found that the appearance of black lump can be suppressed.
[0009]
The present invention is characterized by adding a terpene such as limonene to edible oil (including unused edible oil as well as waste edible oil). Further, the present invention is characterized in that a citrus oil containing limonene as a main component is added to an edible oil.
[0010]
It has been found that the addition of a terpene such as limonene or a citrus oil containing limonene as a main component to waste cooking oil as a fuel leads to washing from the fuel tank to the injection nozzle and a decrease in the viscosity of the fuel. Depending on the type of fried food and the state of being left, the exhaust gas during combustion has a bad smell. However, by mixing terpene or the like into waste cooking oil, the bad smell of the exhaust gas can be suppressed and a refreshing smell can be obtained. It has also been found that the addition of terpene or the like to the waste cooking oil of fuel significantly reduces black smoke in exhaust gas. From this fact, it is considered that the addition of citrus oil containing terpene or limonene as a main component to waste cooking oil increases the fuel combustion efficiency.
[0011]
Further, the present invention provides a lubricating oil for a diesel engine in which a citrus oil containing limonene as a main component or a terpene such as limonene, or methyl isobutyl ketone or isobutyl acetate is added to an engine oil. This lubricating oil has the effect of cleaning the interior of the engine, preventing the formation of high molecular compounds, and eliminating the appearance of the above-mentioned black lump.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Various experiments were carried out in the practice of the present invention, which will be described below in order.
[0013]
First, the effect of limonene on engine oil deterioration caused by using waste cooking oil as fuel for a diesel engine will be described.
[0014]
If waste cooking oil is used as fuel for a diesel engine for several tens of hours, a black substance appears inside the engine and forms agglomeration, and the engine stops due to a combined effect of insufficient supply of engine oil and seizure inside the engine. Let me do it.
[0015]
It is thought that the cause of the formation of the lump is oxidation of the double or triple bond part contained in the unsaturated fatty acid part in the vegetable oil. This oxidation is considered to form a cross-link between the triglyceride molecules and generate a polymer. Can be In addition, it is considered that, by the operation of the engine, polymerization and solidification are promoted by a reaction between the unburned oil mixed with the engine oil little by little and an additive compounded in the engine oil.
[0016]
Experiment (1) Experiment for dissolving or dispersing the above-mentioned mass of black substance Using a mass having a size of about 0.05 to 0.1 cubic centimeters, various solvents (a to j) were used at room temperature (5 to 20 ° C.). ) For a dissolution test.
[0017]
a. Light oil b. Kerosene c. Ethanol d. 1-propanol e. 1-butanol f. Soy white squeezed oil g. Lemon palm oil h. Limonene i. Methyl isobutyl ketone j. With a and b of isobutyl acetate hydrocarbon solvent, c to e of alcohol solvent, and f of triglyceride, this solid matter did not change at all even when soaked all day and night. In g and h, which are a kind of terpene, dissolution or dispersion started from the contact surface between the lumps and the solvent immediately after dipping, and the lumps were dispersed into fine particles after 24 hours. Similar effects were observed with one kind of ketone i and one kind of ester j.
[0018]
Experiment (2) Diesel Engine Operation Experiment Using Diesel Engine Lubricating Oil with Limonene Added to Engine Oil The engine used was Denyo Diesel Engine Generator DA-3000SS, and the engine oil was a commercially available engine oil. (RV Special, manufactured by Toyota) was used by adding limonene so that the volume percentage might be 20%. After operating for 74 hours, it was confirmed that the solid matter in question was not formed in the oil filter and the rocker case of the engine.
[0019]
Next, when waste cooking oil is used as a fuel for a diesel engine, the effect of adding limonene to waste cooking oil on combustion will be described.
[0020]
Experiment (3) The engine used for comparison of the flammability of the refined waste cooking oil and the oil to which limonene was added was the same as in Experiment (2) above. The waste cooking oil used for combustion is a mixture of soybean sizing oil refined by activated clay treatment and animal-made oil after being used for pork cutlets and the like in the student cafeteria of Tottori University School of Medicine and left for 3 months. .
[0021]
The evaluation of fuel flammability was based on the amount of black smoke generated in the exhaust gas as an index, and the measurement was performed using an ST-100N black smoke meter manufactured by Komei Chemicals.
[0022]
The engine was operated at a maximum output of 3 kW at an outside temperature of 10.6 ° C., and the black smoke (%) was measured three times with the combustion stabilized after running for 5 minutes. Since the degree of black smoke in the exhaust gas is greatly affected by the state of deterioration of the engine, measurement was also made with light oil in comparison.
[0023]
The measurement results are shown below. The numerical values are three measurements and the average.
[0024]
(1) For diesel, 68%, 62% and 74%, average 68%
(2) Waste cooking oil: 45%, 58%, 51%, average 51%
(3) In the case where limonene is added to waste cooking oil in a volume ratio of 10%,
27%, 29%, 25%, average 27%
From the measurement results, it was found that adding limonene to waste cooking oil can increase the fuel combustion efficiency and reduce the emission of black smoke, which is an indicator of incomplete combustion.
[0025]
Experiment (4) Effect of limonene addition on exhaust odor Burning waste edible oil has an odor in the exhaust gas depending on the usage state of the waste edible oil, but the odor is reduced by adding limonene to the waste edible oil. At the same time, it was able to give a refreshing citrus odor.
[0026]
(1) Burning waste cooking oil with advanced rancidity produces an irritating bad smell, but the addition of limonene eliminates the pungent smell. (2) Burning waste cooking oil containing a lot of animal fat It produces a strong odor that is highly adsorbable to the skin, but the addition of limonene eliminates the odor of animal fats and oils.
Experiment (5) Effect of limonene on viscosity of waste edible oil Limonene was added to 50 g of waste edible oil, and the viscosity was measured at 40 ° C. using a viscometer manufactured by Yamaichi Denki (VISCOMATEVM-1GL-L type). The results are shown below.
[0028]
(1) When the added concentration of limonene is 1%, the viscosity decreases by 2%. (2) When the added concentration of limonene is 5%, the viscosity decreases by 10%. (3) When the added concentration of limonene is 10%, the viscosity decreases. It has been found that the addition of limonene to waste cooking oil reduces the viscosity of the waste oil. When waste edible oil having a much higher viscosity than light oil is used as a fuel, lowering the viscosity is an effective means for stabilizing fuel supply during engine operation.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention reduces the viscosity of high-viscosity waste edible oil by adding citrus oil containing terpene or limonene as a main component to the edible oil, and is used as a fuel oil for diesel engines. Improved fuel supply delay. In addition, the combustion efficiency of waste cooking oil was increased, and the generation of black smoke was suppressed.
[0030]
In addition, the present invention adds limonene-based citrus oil, terpene, methyl isobutyl ketone or isobutyl acetate to the engine oil, so that the black generated inside the engine which has been generated after the use time has elapsed. It was possible to provide a lubricating oil for a diesel engine capable of suppressing the appearance of a lump.

Claims (5)

食用油にリモネンなどのテルペンを添加したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン燃料用油。Diesel engine fuel oil characterized by adding terpene such as limonene to edible oil. 食用油にリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油を添加したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン燃料用油。A diesel engine fuel oil comprising edible oil and citrus oil containing limonene as a main component. 食用油が家庭又は外食産業等から出る使用されて捨てられる食用油である請求項1、2のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエンジン燃料用油。3. The diesel engine fuel oil according to claim 1, wherein the cooking oil is used and discarded from the home or the food service industry. エンジンオイルにリモネンを主成分とする柑橘類の油又はリモネンなどのテルペンを添加したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油。A lubricating oil for a diesel engine, wherein a citrus oil containing limonene as a main component or a terpene such as limonene is added to the engine oil. エンジンオイルにメチルイソブチルケトン又は酢酸イソブチルを添加したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油。A lubricating oil for a diesel engine, wherein methyl isobutyl ketone or isobutyl acetate is added to an engine oil.
JP2003089727A 2003-03-28 2003-03-28 Fuel oil for diesel engine and lubricating oil for diesel engine Pending JP2004292721A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009135307A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Innovations Solutions Now Inc. Biofuel or additive and method of manufacture and use
US7976590B2 (en) 2006-11-08 2011-07-12 Global Terralene Inc. Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use
JP2012508276A (en) * 2008-09-17 2012-04-05 アムイリス, インコーポレイテッド Jet fuel composition
ITRM20110317A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-18 Enea Floris PROCESS METHOD AND FORMULATIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A VEGETABLE OIL-BASED BIOFUEL PRODUCT ALSO EXHAUSTED REGENERATED AND / OR GENETICALLY MODIFIED ALGAE AND MICRO-ALGAE AND / OR OIL FROM WHICH DERIVED ADDED TO PRIMARY AND / OR SECONDARY AND / OR
JP2013536284A (en) * 2010-08-10 2013-09-19 ベスト テック ブランズ エルエルシー Diesel fuel combustion enhancement additive
KR101562965B1 (en) 2008-09-17 2015-10-23 아미리스 인코퍼레이티드 Fuel compositions comprising limonate and farnesane

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7976590B2 (en) 2006-11-08 2011-07-12 Global Terralene Inc. Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use
WO2009135307A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Innovations Solutions Now Inc. Biofuel or additive and method of manufacture and use
JP2012508276A (en) * 2008-09-17 2012-04-05 アムイリス, インコーポレイテッド Jet fuel composition
KR101562965B1 (en) 2008-09-17 2015-10-23 아미리스 인코퍼레이티드 Fuel compositions comprising limonate and farnesane
JP2013536284A (en) * 2010-08-10 2013-09-19 ベスト テック ブランズ エルエルシー Diesel fuel combustion enhancement additive
ITRM20110317A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-18 Enea Floris PROCESS METHOD AND FORMULATIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A VEGETABLE OIL-BASED BIOFUEL PRODUCT ALSO EXHAUSTED REGENERATED AND / OR GENETICALLY MODIFIED ALGAE AND MICRO-ALGAE AND / OR OIL FROM WHICH DERIVED ADDED TO PRIMARY AND / OR SECONDARY AND / OR

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