JP2004260980A - Method for detecting abnormality in constant voltage stepping motor drive circuit - Google Patents
Method for detecting abnormality in constant voltage stepping motor drive circuit Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004260980A JP2004260980A JP2003052149A JP2003052149A JP2004260980A JP 2004260980 A JP2004260980 A JP 2004260980A JP 2003052149 A JP2003052149 A JP 2003052149A JP 2003052149 A JP2003052149 A JP 2003052149A JP 2004260980 A JP2004260980 A JP 2004260980A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば、複写機、プリンタ等の画像形成装置に使用される定電圧ステッピングモータの駆動回路の異常検出方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のステッピングモータのドライバ駆動回路は、低速回転時は単なるトランジスタを使いモータの定格電圧で動かす定電圧駆動と、定電流ドライバを使いモータの定格電圧以上の電圧を印加して使う定電流駆動があり、定電流駆動は定電流機能を有するICを使用する。定圧駆動方式はステピングモータの駆動速度が遅い場合に使用され定電流駆動はステッピングモータの駆動速度が速い場合に使用される。
【0003】
ステピングモータの駆動速度が速い場合に使われる定電流駆動回路は次ぎのようになっている。電源電圧が+24Vの場合、モータは通常定格電圧5V程度のものが選ばれる。定格電圧以上の電圧で駆動するためモータの電流の立ち上がりが早く高速回転でもトルクが発生し易い。定格を越える電圧をステッピングモータに印加し続けると、定格電流を越える電流がモータに流れ、+24Vで定格電圧+5V、定格電流1Aのステッピングモータを駆動した場合は4.8Aの電流がモータに流れ、モータは定格電流を越える電流により過熱し焼損発生の可能性がある。そのためモータが過熱しないよう電流を一定電流で制御する定電流ドライバを使用する。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ステッピングモータは、回転させる場合励磁する巻線を切り換えて1ステップずつロータを動かすことにより回転させる。ステッピングモータの巻線はインダクターであるため相切り換えを行うと巻線電流の立ち上がりは過渡現象を起こし、巻線電流は徐々に増加する。そのため、ステッピングモータはステピングモータの定格電圧で使用する場合、電流の立ち上がりが遅く相の切り換えを高速で行うと巻線に電流が流れないため、高速では使用できなかった。高速で回転させるには巻線電流の立ち上がりを早くするため、ステッピングモータの定格電圧以上の電圧をステッピングモータに印加して巻線電流の立ち上がりを早くする方法が取られる。ステッピングモータに定格電圧以上の電圧を印加すると電流の立ち上がりは早くなるが、結果的にモータの定格電流以上に電流が流れてステッピングモータは焼損してしまう。このため、ステッピングモータに流れる電流を定格電流で抑えるためにPWM動作を行い定められた電流以上に電流が流れないような定電流ドライバを使用する必要があった。
【0005】
定電流ドライバは単なるトランジスタと異なり高価であり、定電流ドライバが導通状態で故障した場合はステッピングモータに定格電流以上の電流が流れ、ステッピングモータの焼損が発生する。
【0006】
本発明は、定電流機能をもたないトランジスタやFETのドライバを使用してステッピングモータに過電流が流れる前にステッピングモータの相切り換えを行い、かつドライバが導通故障した場合には故障を検出してステッピングモータの焼損を防止することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的は、定格電圧を越える電圧でステッピングモータを駆動し、決められた周期でステッピングモータの駆動相の切り換えを行う定電圧ステッピングモータ駆動回路において、トランジスタやFET等のモータを駆動するドライバ素子が故障した場合に検出可能な検出回路を有し、少なくてもステッピングモータを駆動していない状態でドライバ素子が導通故障しているか検出を行うことによって達成される。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1に本発明のステッピングモータドライバの一実施例を示す。相信号発生回路1はステッピングモータの動作/停止を決定する制御信号M_ENB−N3と、ステッピングモータの回転方向を決定する制御信号M_CCW−N2と、ステッピングモータの回転速度を決定するための制御信号M_CLK−N4とで制御される。
【0009】
相信号発生回路1は、制御信号によりトランジスタ5を駆動し、ステッピングモータ6を回転させる。ダイオード7のカソードはトランジスタ5のコレクタに接続され、トランジスタ5がオン状態とオフ状態でダイオード7のアノード出力が変化する。ダイオード7のアノードは抵抗8と抵抗10で分圧され、ダイオード11とコンデンサ12でノイズ成分を除去して波形整形器13に入力し、論理レベルに変換する。
【0010】
次に本実施例の動作を説明する。
【0011】
ステッピングモータ6は、停止時かつ非励磁時はM_ENB−N3がデスイネーブル状態になっており、この時はM_CCW−N2とM_CLK−N4の状態に影響されず相信号発生回路1はトランジスタ5をオフする。トランジスタ5がオフの状態ではトランジスタ5のコレクタは+24Vになり、ダイオード7は逆バイアスされて非導通となる。この状態では図1のD点の電位は抵抗8と抵抗10で分圧された電圧になる。抵抗8と抵抗10はこの状態で波形整形器13がHレベル入力と認識できる値に設定されている。波形整形器13はトランジスタ5がオンしているとL入力を検出し、オフしている時にはHを件出する。D点の電圧はトランジスタ5に異常がない場合、トランジスタ5がOFFでH、トランジスタ5がONでLを検出する。
【0012】
ステッパ駆動時は定期的に相が切り替わる。図2に示す波形はステッパ駆動時の相電流を示しており、図3は図2に示す電流波形の詳細図である。ある相が励磁された時には電流は過渡現象を起して立ち上る。この時に電流が過渡的に立ち上って行く途中で励磁相の切り換えを繰り返すと、各相電流は一定電流が流れるようになる。このときの動作はステッパの定電流ドライバと同様の原理となり、各相の電流は定電流ドライバを使用した場合と同じく一定電流となる。この場合、各相に流れる電流は次式のようになる。
【0013】
【数1】
【0014】
Io:相電流
V:電源電圧
L:モータの巻線インピーダンス
R:巻線抵抗
t:励磁切り換えからの時間
図4はA相が導通故障している場合であり、モータの駆動以前にD点がLであることを検出しトランジスタの導通故障を検出できる。
【0015】
本実施例では、ステッピングモータの定格を越える電圧を印加してモータをドライブするため、ヒータOFF中にドライバが導通故障を起した場合にモータの焼損やドライバの焼損を起さないようにドライブ停止時のドライバOFFをチェックする。ドライバ停止時にドライバの導通を検出した場合、モータおよびドライバの焼損防止のためドライブ電源の給電カット処理を行う。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ドライバを定電流機能のないトランジスタ等の単なる半導体スイッチを使う事により安価かつ小形のステッピングモータを提供でき、かつ、定格電圧以上の電圧で駆動する場合に問題となるドライバ異常時のモータ焼損防止のプロテクトをドライバの導通異常チェックを行うことにより、安全なステッピングモータドライバを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を示す回路図。
【図2】本発明の一実施例における正常時動作波形図。
【図3】本発明の一実施例における正常時動作波形の電流詳細図。
【図4】本発明の一実施例における異常発生時動作波形図。
【符号の説明】
1 相信号発生回路
2 M_CCW−N(制御信号)
3 M_ENB−N(制御信号)
4 M_ENB−N(制御信号)
5 トランジスタ
6 ステッピングモータ
7、11 ダイオード
8、10 抵抗
12 コンデンサ
13 波形整形器[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting an abnormality in a drive circuit of a constant voltage stepping motor used in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine and a printer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional stepping motor driver drive circuits consist of a constant voltage drive that operates at the motor rated voltage using a simple transistor at low speed rotation and a constant current drive that uses a constant current driver to apply a voltage higher than the motor rated voltage. The constant current drive uses an IC having a constant current function. The constant pressure driving method is used when the driving speed of the stepping motor is low, and the constant current driving is used when the driving speed of the stepping motor is high.
[0003]
The constant current driving circuit used when the driving speed of the stepping motor is high is as follows. When the power supply voltage is + 24V, a motor having a rated voltage of about 5V is usually selected. Since the motor is driven at a voltage equal to or higher than the rated voltage, the current of the motor rises quickly and torque is easily generated even at high speed rotation. When a voltage exceeding the rating is continuously applied to the stepping motor, a current exceeding the rated current flows to the motor. When a stepping motor having a rated voltage of +5 V and a rated current of 1 A is driven at +24 V, a current of 4.8 A flows to the motor. The motor is overheated by a current exceeding the rated current, and may cause burnout. Therefore, a constant current driver that controls the current with a constant current so that the motor does not overheat is used.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the stepping motor is rotated, the winding to be excited is switched to rotate the rotor by moving the rotor one step at a time. Since the winding of the stepping motor is an inductor, when phase switching is performed, the rise of the winding current causes a transient phenomenon, and the winding current gradually increases. For this reason, when the stepping motor is used at the rated voltage of the stepping motor, the current cannot be used at high speed because the current does not flow through the winding if the current rises slowly and the phase switching is performed at high speed. In order to rotate the motor at a high speed, a method of applying a voltage higher than the rated voltage of the stepping motor to the stepping motor to make the rising of the winding current earlier is adopted in order to make the rising of the winding current faster. When a voltage higher than the rated voltage is applied to the stepping motor, the current rises faster, but as a result, the current flows more than the rated current of the motor and the stepping motor is burned. For this reason, in order to suppress the current flowing through the stepping motor at the rated current, it is necessary to use a constant current driver that performs a PWM operation and does not allow the current to flow more than a predetermined current.
[0005]
A constant current driver is expensive, unlike a simple transistor. If the constant current driver fails in a conductive state, a current exceeding the rated current flows through the stepping motor, and the stepping motor is burned.
[0006]
The present invention uses a transistor or FET driver that does not have a constant current function to perform phase switching of a stepping motor before an overcurrent flows through the stepping motor, and to detect a failure when the driver has a conduction failure. To prevent burnout of the stepping motor.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is to provide a driver element for driving a motor such as a transistor or a FET in a constant voltage stepping motor driving circuit that drives a stepping motor at a voltage exceeding a rated voltage and switches the driving phase of the stepping motor at a predetermined cycle. Is achieved by detecting whether or not the driver element has a conduction failure at least in a state where the stepping motor is not driven, in a case where the stepping motor is not driven.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the stepping motor driver according to the present invention. The phase signal generating circuit 1 includes a control signal M_ENB-N3 for determining the operation / stop of the stepping motor, a control signal M_CCW-N2 for determining the rotation direction of the stepping motor, and a control signal M_CLK for determining the rotation speed of the stepping motor. -N4.
[0009]
The phase signal generation circuit 1 drives the transistor 5 according to the control signal, and rotates the stepping motor 6. The cathode of the
[0010]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
[0011]
When the stepping motor 6 is stopped and de-energized, M_ENB-N3 is in a disabled state. At this time, the phase signal generating circuit 1 turns off the transistor 5 without being affected by the states of M_CCW-N2 and M_CLK-N4. I do. When the transistor 5 is off, the collector of the transistor 5 becomes +24 V, and the
[0012]
When the stepper is driven, the phase is periodically switched. The waveform shown in FIG. 2 shows the phase current when the stepper is driven, and FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the current waveform shown in FIG. When a phase is excited, the current rises with a transient. At this time, if the switching of the excitation phase is repeated while the current transiently rises, a constant current flows in each phase current. The operation at this time is based on the same principle as that of the constant current driver of the stepper, and the current of each phase becomes constant as in the case of using the constant current driver. In this case, the current flowing in each phase is as follows.
[0013]
(Equation 1)
[0014]
Io: phase current V: power supply voltage L: winding impedance R of the motor R: winding resistance t: time from excitation switching FIG. 4 shows a case where the A-phase has a conduction failure, and the point D is set before the motor is driven. By detecting that it is L, the conduction failure of the transistor can be detected.
[0015]
In this embodiment, since the motor is driven by applying a voltage exceeding the rating of the stepping motor, the drive is stopped so as not to cause the motor burnout or the driver burnout when the driver causes a conduction failure while the heater is OFF. Check the driver OFF at the time. When the conduction of the driver is detected when the driver is stopped, power supply cut processing of the drive power supply is performed to prevent burnout of the motor and the driver.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an inexpensive and small-sized stepping motor can be provided by using a simple semiconductor switch such as a transistor without a constant current function as a driver, and a driver abnormality which becomes a problem when driven at a voltage higher than a rated voltage is provided. A safe stepping motor driver can be provided by checking the conduction abnormality of the driver to protect the motor from burnout at the time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a normal operation waveform diagram in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a detailed current diagram of a normal operation waveform in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an operation waveform diagram at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in one embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1-phase
3 M_ENB-N (control signal)
4 M_ENB-N (control signal)
5 Transistor 6
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US8627993B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2014-01-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Active braking electrical surgical instrument and method for braking such an instrument |
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