JP2004247156A - Light filter and lighting fixture using it - Google Patents

Light filter and lighting fixture using it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004247156A
JP2004247156A JP2003035309A JP2003035309A JP2004247156A JP 2004247156 A JP2004247156 A JP 2004247156A JP 2003035309 A JP2003035309 A JP 2003035309A JP 2003035309 A JP2003035309 A JP 2003035309A JP 2004247156 A JP2004247156 A JP 2004247156A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
light
optical filter
wavelength
layer
transmittance
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JP2003035309A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004247156A5 (en
JP4023329B2 (en
Inventor
Shinichi Aoki
慎一 青木
Makoto Yamada
真 山田
Osamu Kuramitsu
修 倉光
Tatsukiyo Uchida
達清 内田
Toshihiko Sakaguchi
敏彦 阪口
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Priority to JP2003035309A priority Critical patent/JP4023329B2/en
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  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light filter which an insect is hard to approach without losing the hue and translucency, and to provide a lighting fixture using it. <P>SOLUTION: The lighting fixtures A, B, C are provided with lamps 11, 11', 11", respectively and a light filter 1, a globe 13 and a front panel 14 which are disposed in the direction of radiation of the lamps 11, 11' ,11", respectively. Materials where an ultraviolet absorber, a dyestuff or a pigment is added to translucency synthetic resin are used for the light filter 1, the globe 13 and the front panel 14. By adding the ultraviolet absorber, the dyestuff or the pigment, the cutting rate and the transmission are adjusted so that light having a wavelength ranging from about 300 to about 395 nm is cut by the ratio of generally 100% ; the transmission of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm becomes not more than about 50%; and the average transmission of light having a wavelength of not less than about 450 nm becomes not less than about 50%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、光フィルタ及びそれを用いる照明器具に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、特定の波長の光を光フィルタでカットすることによって虫が近寄り難くした照明器具が提供されている。
【0003】
一般に、飛翔昆虫などの虫を誘引しやすい光の分光分布は紫外線にピークがあると言われているので、波長が約380nmまでの光(紫外光)をカットした照明器具や、紫外領域から可視領域の短波長側(約450nm)までの波長の光をカットした照明器具や、さらに短波長側(約600nm)までの波長の光をカットした照明器具が従来より提供されている(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−161253号公報(第3頁−第5頁、及び、第1図)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した照明器具の内、波長が約380nmまでの光(紫外光)をカットした照明器具では、紫外光を低減することで虫は近寄りにくくなるが、可視領域の短波長側の光にも虫を誘引する効果があるため、誘虫性の低減効果としては不十分であった。
【0006】
また、紫外領域から可視領域の短波長側(約450nm)までの波長の光をカットした照明器具では、紫外光をカットした照明器具に比べて虫が近寄りにくくなるものの、その光は明らかに黄色く見えるため、一般の照明に用いる場合は点灯時の照明器具の見掛けが悪くなるという問題があった。
【0007】
また、より短波長側(約600nm)の光をカットした照明器具では、さらに虫が近寄りにくくできるが、その光は赤色光となるため、その照明下で人が作業を行う場合には非常に不快に感じたり、作業能力が低下するという問題があった。
【0008】
本発明は上記問題点に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的とするところは、色調や透光性を損なうことなく、虫が近寄りにくくした光フィルタ及びそれを用いる照明器具を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明では、照明器具に用いられ光源の光から虫を誘引しやすい波長の光を取り除く光フィルタであって、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットし、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下とし、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約50%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透光性材料からなることを特徴とする。
【0010】
請求項2の発明では、請求項1の発明において、透光性材料の単層又は複数層の積層体の何れかからなることを特徴とする。
【0011】
請求項3の発明では、請求項1の発明において、横軸に波長を、縦軸に透過率をとり、波長1nmに対して透過率が1%となるようにして透光性材料の透過率のグラフを作成した場合に、透過率の変化曲線の変曲点における接線と横軸とが交差する角度の正接が2以上であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
請求項4の発明では、請求項1の発明において、少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、透光性材料よりもYI値の小さい層を積層したことを特徴とする。
【0013】
請求項5の発明では、請求項4の発明において、YI値の小さい層のYI値が10以下であることを特徴とする。
【0014】
請求項6の発明では、請求項1の発明において、少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、透光性材料よりも屈折率の高い層を積層したことを特徴とする。
【0015】
請求項7の発明では、請求項1の発明において、点灯時の透光性材料の色と同色の層を透光性材料の表面に積層したことを特徴とする。
【0016】
請求項8の発明では、請求項7の発明において、同色の層がろう又は液晶の何れかからなることを特徴とする。
【0017】
請求項9の発明では、請求項1の発明において、透光性材料は、波長が約410nm以下の光で励起し、青色領域の光に蛍光発色のピークを有するフォトルミネッセンス材料を添加した乳白色の材料又は拡散材料の何れかからなることを特徴とする。
【0018】
請求項10の発明では、請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の光フィルタを光源の照射方向に配置したことを特徴とする。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0020】
(実施形態1)
図1は本実施形態の光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具Aの外観図を示し、ポール10の上端にランプ11を収納する箱状のランプ収納部12が設けられており、ランプ収納部12の四方の側面に形成された窓孔に矩形板状の光フィルタ1が取り付けられている。
【0021】
図2は光フィルタ1の断面図を示し、図3(a)に示すような分光スペクトルを有する透光性材料から板状に形成されている。この光フィルタ1は照明器具に用いられてランプ11(光源)の光から虫を誘引しやすい波長の光を取り除くためのものであり、その材料には、アクリル(PMMA)樹脂、ポリカーボネイト(PC)樹脂、ポリスチレン(PS)樹脂、ポリエチレン(PE)樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂、PS樹脂とPE樹脂からなるPS/PEアロイ等の透光性合成樹脂の何れかに、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加したものが用いられている。そして、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加することで、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットし、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下となり、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約50%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整されている。
【0022】
このように各波長の光のカット率及び透過率が調整された光フィルタ1をランプ11の照射方向に配置しているので、ランプ11の光から波長が約300〜約395nmの光を略100%カットするとともに、波長が約405nmの光の透過率を約50%以下とすることで、紫外領域の光を低減して照明器具Aの光に誘引される虫の数を抑制することができる。また、波長が約405nmの光の透過率を約50%以下とし、約450nm以上の光の平均透過率を約50%以上としているので、可視領域の短波長側まで光をカットする場合のように、照射光が黄色味を帯びることはなく、照明器具Aの見掛けを良くできる。なお、ランプ11の光に誘引される虫がさらに低減するためには、波長が約405nmの光の透過率を約10%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0023】
また、虫が誘引されるのを防止しつつ、色調の黄色味を減らすためには、図3(b)に示すように横軸に波長を、縦軸に透過率をとり、波長の1nmの目盛りaが透過率の1%の目盛りbに等しくなるようにして透光性材料の透過率のグラフを作成した場合に、透過率の変化曲線の変曲点における接線Lと横軸とが交差する角度θの正接が2以上であることが望ましい(tanθ≧2)。すなわち、変曲点における接線Lの傾きを大きくすることで、透過率の立ち上がりを大きくして、波長が約450nm以上の光の透過率を約50%以上とすることができ、色調の黄色味を減らすことができる。なお、角度θの正接を3以上とすれば、透過率の立ち上がりをさらに大きくして、色調の黄色味をさらに低減することができる。
【0024】
尚、本実施形態では光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具Aとしてエクステリア用のものを例に説明したが、図1(b)に示すようなシーリングタイプの照明器具Bでは、円環状の蛍光ランプよりなるランプ11’を覆うドーム状のグローブ13を、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加した透光性合成樹脂で形成することで、各波長の光のカット率や透過率を調整し、このグローブ13で光フィルタを構成すれば良い。また、図1(c)に示すような天井面に埋込配設されるベースライトタイプの照明器具Cでは、直管形の蛍光ランプよりなるランプ11”の前面(下面)を覆う前面パネル14を、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加した透光性合成樹脂で形成することで、各波長の光のカット率や透過率を調整し、この前面パネル14で光フィルタを構成すれば良い。このようにシーリングタイプやベースライトタイプの照明器具B,Cにおいても、ランプ11’,11”の照射方向にグローブ13又は前面パネル14からなる光フィルタをそれぞれ配置することで、上述の照明器具Aと同様、色調を損なうことなく、光に誘引される虫(飛翔昆虫など)の数を低減することができる。
【0025】
また、本実施形態では光フィルタ1を、PMMA樹脂、PC樹脂、PS樹脂、PE樹脂、PET樹脂、PS樹脂とPE樹脂からなるPS/PEアロイ等の透光性合成樹脂の何れかに紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加したものから形成しているが、ハロゲン化物などを添加することによって各波長におけるカット率及び透過率を上述のように調整した硼珪酸系或いはリン酸系などの透光性ガラスから形成しても良い。また、光フィルタ1の材料を上記のものに限定する趣旨のものではなく、上記のように各波長における光のカット率及び透過率が調整できるのであれば、どのような材料を用いても良い。また、光フィルタ1を、上記の材料からなる単層構造としても良いし、上記の材料からなる複数の層を積層した積層体としても良い。
【0026】
(実施形態2)
本発明の実施形態2を図4に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、実施形態1で説明した透光性材料からフィルタ層2を形成するとともに、フィルタ層2の少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、フィルタ層2の材料よりもYI値の小さい層3を積層することによって、光フィルタ1を形成している。ここに、YI値とはJIS K7103に規定される黄色味の指数であり、X、Y、Zを光源色の三刺激値とすると、YI値は以下の式で求められる。
【0027】
YI=100×(1.28X−1.06Z)/Y
尚、光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具A〜Cは実施形態1と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
【0028】
本実施形態ではフィルタ層2の少なくとも人から視認可能な表面に、フィルタ層2よりもYI値の小さい層3を形成しているので、消灯時に照明器具を見たときに、光フィルタ1の黄色味を減少することができ、商品の見掛けを良くできる。光フィルタ1の黄色味を低減するには、YI値をできるだけ小さくすることが望ましく、YI値を3以下とするのが好ましい。また、層3の色が乳白色の場合には黄色味を低減するのに有効である。尚、フィルタ層2の表面にYI値の小さい層3を積層する方法としては、フィルタ層2の形成時に層3を同時に形成しても良いし、フィルタ層2の形成後にフィルム状に形成された層3を貼り付けるようにしても良く、層3の積層方法は問わない。
【0029】
(実施形態3)
本発明の実施形態3を図5に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、実施形態1で説明した透光性材料からフィルタ層2を形成するとともに、フィルタ層2の少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、フィルタ層2の材料よりも屈折率が高く且つ透光性を有する高屈折率層4を積層することによって、光フィルタ1を形成している。尚、光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具A〜Cは実施形態1と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
【0030】
上述のように本実施形態ではフィルタ層2の少なくとも人から視認可能な表面に、フィルタ層2よりも屈折率の高い高屈折率層4を形成しており、消灯時に照明器具を見たときに、高屈折率層4が無い場合に比べて表面反射が大きくなるので、フィルタ層2及び高屈折率層4の材料自体の黄色味を識別できなくなり、商品の見掛けを良くできる。なおフィルタ層2が透明な場合は、フィルタ層2の材料自体に添加剤を添加することなく、色調を改善することは難しいが、高屈折率層4を形成することで、フィルタ層2及び高屈折率層4の材料自体の黄色味を識別できなくしているので、消灯時の照明器具の見掛けを良くできる。
【0031】
(実施形態4)
本発明の実施形態4を図6に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、実施形態1で説明した透光性材料からフィルタ層2を形成するとともに、フィルタ層2の表面に、点灯時のフィルタ層2の色と同色の層5を積層している。尚、光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具A〜Cは実施形態1と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
【0032】
層5の材料としては、消灯時の色が乳白色で、点灯時に透明になるような材料であって、しかも色調が黄色味の少ない材料であることが必須であり、本実施形態では常温で乳白色であり、熱で溶融すると透明になる蝋を用いている。ここで、層5の材料に常温で乳白色の蝋を用いる場合、フィルタ層2の材料が透明であれば、光を透過させる必要があるフィルタ層2の部位はランプ点灯時に蝋の溶融温度以上になるように照明器具Aを構成する必要がある。また、点灯時に蝋を溶融させることで、ランプの光が層5で遮られるのを防止して、照明器具の発光効率が低減するのを防止できる。なお、層5は適宜の手段によって封止されており、蝋が溶融した際に蝋が漏れるのを防止している。
【0033】
このように、点灯時のフィルタ層2の色(白色)と同色の層5をフィルタ層2の表面に形成しているので、消灯時に光フィルタ1の色が黄色く見えるのを防止して、照明器具Aの見掛けを良くすることができる。
【0034】
尚、本実施形態では層5の材料として蝋を用いているが、層5を蝋に限定する趣旨のものではなく、フィルタ層2の表面に、点灯時のフィルタ層2の色と同色であって、通電されると透明になる液晶の層を形成しても良い。ここで、点灯時には液晶に通電して液晶の層を透明とすることでランプの光が遮られるのを防止して、発光効率が低減するのを防止することができ、消灯時には液晶への通電を停止して液晶の色を点灯時のフィルタ層2の色と同色にすることで、消灯時に光フィルタ1が黄色味を帯びて見えるのを防止して、照明器具の見掛けを良くできる。
【0035】
(実施形態5)
本発明の実施形態5を図7に基づいて説明する。本実施形態ではフィルタ層2’の材料として、波長が410nm以下の光で励起され、青色領域に蛍光発色のピークを有するフォトルミネッセンス材料を添加した乳白色の材料又は拡散材料の何れかを用いている。尚、光フィルタ1を用いる照明器具A〜Cは実施形態1と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。
【0036】
ここで、光フィルタ1の色調を効率良く改善するためには(より白くするためには)、フィルタ層2’の材料に蛍光増白剤などを添加することが望ましく、また光フィルタ1の耐久性を重視するのであれば、蛍光体や蛍光ガラスの粉末などを添加することが望ましい。また、フォトルミネッセンス材料の発光効率をアップするためには、一般的に使用するランプの中でも短波長光をより多く含む光源を使用することが望ましい。
【0037】
以下に、本発明の実施例と比較例について低誘虫性や色調を評価した結果を説明する。
【0038】
(実施例1)
図8は実施例1の光フィルタ1を示し、光フィルタ1は1層のフィルタ層2aからなり、フィルタ層2aの材料として、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加することで、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットするとともに、波長が約405nmの光を略100%カットし、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約90%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透明なアクリルを用いており、tanθ=3となっている。
【0039】
(実施例2)
図9は実施例2の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、光フィルタ1は1層のフィルタ層2bからなり、フィルタ層2bの材料として、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加することで、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットするとともに、波長が約405nmの光を略100%カットし、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約50%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された乳白色のアクリルを用いており、tanθ=2.4となっている。
【0040】
(実施例3)
図10は実施例3の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、光フィルタ1は1層のフィルタ層2cからなり、フィルタ層2cの材料として、紫外線吸収剤や染料や顔料を添加することで、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットし、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下となり、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約90%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透明なポリカーボネートを用いており、tanθ=3となっている。
【0041】
(実施例4)
実施例4では、光フィルタ1の材料として、ハロゲン化物などを添加することによって、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットするとともに、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透明なガラスを用いており、tanθ=3.5となっている。
【0042】
(実施例5)
実施例5では、光フィルタ1の材料として、ハロゲン化物などを添加することによって、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットするとともに、波長が約405nmの光を略100%カットするようにカット率が調整された透明なガラスを用いており、tanθ=3.5となっている。
【0043】
(実施例6)
図11は実施例6の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、実施例2と同一の材料で形成されたフィルタ層2bの表面に、フィルタ層2bよりもYI値の低い乳白色のアクリルの層3を形成している。
【0044】
(実施例7)
図12は実施例7の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、実施例1と同一の材料で形成されたフィルタ層2aの表面に、フィルタ層2aよりも屈折率の高い、膜厚が0.1μmのアルミナ(AL)の薄膜からなる高屈折率層4を形成している。
【0045】
(実施例8)
図13は実施例8の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、実施例5と同一の材料(透明なガラス)で形成されたフィルタ層2dと、フィルタ層2dに対向配置される板状のソーダガラス6との間に点灯時のフィルタ層2dの色と同色の蝋5’を挟み、フィルタ層2dとソーダガラス6との間を結合するシール材7,7で蝋5’を封止している。蝋5’は、点灯時にはランプの発熱で溶融して透明になり、消灯時には固化して点灯時のフィルタ層2dと同じ色に変化する。
【0046】
(実施例9)
図14は実施例9の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、実施例5と同一の材料で形成されたフィルタ層2dの表面に、点灯時のフィルタ層2の色と同色の液晶5”を形成している。液晶5”の駆動部は照明器具に設けられており、点灯時には駆動部によって液晶5”に通電されて、液晶5”の色が透明に変化するとともに、消灯時には液晶5”への通電が停止されて、点灯時のフィルタ層2の色と同じ色に変化する。
【0047】
(実施例10)
図15は実施例10の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、光フィルタ1は1層のフィルタ層2eからなり、実施例2の光フィルタ1に用いた乳白色のアクリルに、例えばUVITEX(R)OB(商品名)のような蛍光増白材を添加した材料でフィルタ層2eを形成している。
【0048】
(実施例11)
図16は実施例11の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、光フィルタ1は1層のフィルタ層2fからなり、実施例2の光フィルタ1に用いた乳白色のアクリルに、ZnSのような蛍光体の粉末を添加した材料でフィルタ層2fを形成している。
【0049】
(実施例12)
図17(a)は実施例12の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、波長が約380nmまでの光を略100%カットした透明なアクリルで形成されたフィルタ層2gの表面に、波長が約450nm付近のみの光をシャープカットし、420nm以上の可視光領域の光を通過させる光学多層膜8を形成してある。尚、図17(b)は光学多層膜8の分光スペクトルを示している。
【0050】
(実施例13)
図18(a)は実施例13の光フィルタ1の断面図であり、紫外領域の光をカットしない透明なアクリルで形成されたフィルタ層2gの表面に、波長が約420nm以上の可視光領域の光のみを通過させる光学多層膜8を形成してある。尚、図18(b)は光学多層膜8の分光スペクトルを示している。
【0051】
(比較例1〜4)
比較例1は透明なアクリルで形成され、波長が555nmの光の透過率が実施例1と同様である。比較例2は乳白色のアクリルで形成され、波長が555nmの光の透過率が実施例2と同様である。比較例3は透明なポリカーボネートで形成され、波長が555nmの光の透過率が実施例3と同様である。比較例4は一般的な透明なソーダガラスからなる。
【0052】
図19(a)は実験に用いた照明器具Aを示し、ポール10の上端に松下電器産業製の13W型コンパクト型蛍光ランプのようなランプ11を収納する箱状のランプ収納部12が設けられており、ランプ収納部12の四方の側面に形成された窓孔に実施例1〜13及び比較例1〜4の光フィルタ1をそれぞれ取り付けて誘虫性を評価する実験を行った。実験では10m四方の部屋の中に図19(a)の照明器具Aを設置してランプ11を点灯させるとともに、3種類の虫(ハエ、コナガ、ガ)を各々200匹ずつ離して、1時間後に光フィルタ1の下側に取り付けられた粘着シート9に捕獲された虫の数で評価する。尚、粘着シート9の大きさは□50〜300mmで、全ての実施例及び比較例で同じ大きさのものを使用した。以上のような条件で実験を行った結果と色調の評価を表1に示す。
【0053】
【表1】

Figure 2004247156
【0054】
表中のカット率及び透過率は分光光度計による測定結果であり、カット率は次式で表される。
【0055】
(カット率)=100−100×Q/(Y1×(395−300))
尚、Y1は図20に示すように透過率の曲線がフラットになる部分での値であり、Qは波長が300〜395nmの範囲で透過率を積分した値を簡略的に求めた値であり、図中に斜線で示す三角形の面積である。
【0056】
また、評価項目▲1▼は誘虫性の評価であり、比較例1の虫の総補虫数を100とした時の実施例1〜13及び比較例2〜4の総補虫数の相対値を示している。評価項目▲2▼は消灯時における光フィルタ1の黄色味の目視による評価、評価項目▲3▼は点灯時における光フィルタ1及び光色の黄色味の目視による評価であり、それぞれ◎(殆どわからない)、○(よく見ないとわからない)、×(一目見れば分かる)の三段階で評価している。
【0057】
表1の評価結果より実施例1〜13では比較例1に比べて捕虫した虫の数が約6割以下に低下しており、誘虫性を低減しつつ、消灯時及び点灯時の照明器具の見掛けをよくできた。
【0058】
また、実施例1及び比較例1、4の光フィルタ1を用いて、耐候変色試験を実施した。図21は試験に用いた照明器具Aを示し、照射面側の光フィルタ1の前方15cmのところに黄色染料を塗布した塗装紙15を配置し、松下電器産業製の400Wの水銀灯よりなるランプ11を点灯させた状態で1ヶ月後及び6ヶ月後の塗装紙15の変色度合いを目視で確認する試験(耐候変色試験1)を実施した。また、照射面側の光フィルタ1を太陽光と赤色染料を塗布した塗装紙の間に配置し、6ヶ月後及び12ヶ月後の塗装紙の変色度合いを目視で評価する試験(耐候変色試験2)も実施した。表2は両試験の試験結果を示しており、変色度合いを◎(殆ど変色無し)、○(若干変色あり)、×(変色が一目で分かる)の三段階で評価している。
【0059】
【表2】
Figure 2004247156
【0060】
表2の試験結果より、実施例1では比較例1,4に比べて物体の変退色を防止する効果のあることが判明し、人の皮膚に太陽光や照明の光が与えるダメージを低減する効果が得られる。
【0061】
【発明の効果】
上述のように、請求項1の発明は、照明器具に用いられ光源の光から虫を誘引しやすい波長の光を取り除く光フィルタであって、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットし、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下とし、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約50%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透光性材料からなることを特徴とし、紫外領域の光を低減して虫を引き寄せにくくするととともに、波長が約405nmの光の透過率を約50%以下とし、約450nm以上の光の透過率を約50%以上としているので、可視領域の短波長側まで光をカットする場合に比べて光が黄色味を帯びるのを低減できるという効果がある。
【0062】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明において、透光性材料の単層又は複数層の積層体の何れかからなることを特徴とし、請求項1の発明と同様の効果を有する。
【0063】
請求項3の発明は、請求項1の発明において、横軸に波長を、縦軸に透過率をとり、波長1nmに対して透過率が1%となるようにして透光性材料の透過率のグラフを作成した場合に、透過率の変化曲線の変曲点における接線と横軸とが交差する角度の正接が2以上であることを特徴とし、透過率の変化曲線の立ち上がりを急峻にすることで、可視領域の短波長側の光でカットされる光を少なくして、光が黄色味を帯びるのを低減できるという効果がある。
【0064】
請求項4の発明は、請求項1の発明において、少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、透光性材料よりもYI値の小さい層を積層したことを特徴とし、透光性材料よりもYI値の小さい層を人から視認可能な側の表面に積層しているので、光フィルタを照明器具の照射方向に配置した場合には、消灯時において光フィルタの黄色味を少なくでき、光フィルタの見掛けを良くできるという効果がある。
【0065】
請求項5の発明は、請求項4の発明において、YI値の小さい層のYI値が10以下であることを特徴とし、請求項4の発明と同様の効果がある。
【0066】
請求項6の発明は、請求項1の発明において、少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、透光性材料よりも屈折率の高い層を積層したことを特徴とし、透光性材料よりも屈折率の高い層(高屈折率層)を人から視認可能な側の表面に積層しているので、光フィルタを照明器具の照射方向に配置した場合には、消灯時に照明器具を見たときに、高屈折率層が無い場合に比べて表面反射が大きくなるため、光フィルタの黄色味を識別できなくなり、光フィルタの見掛けを良くできるという効果がある。
【0067】
請求項7の発明は、請求項1の発明において、点灯時の透光性材料の色と同色の層を透光性材料の表面に積層したことを特徴とし、光フィルタを照明器具の照射方向に配置した場合には消灯時に照明器具を見たときに、光フィルタの透光性材料の黄色味を識別できなくなり、光フィルタの見掛けを良くできるという効果がある。
【0068】
請求項8の発明は、請求項7の発明において、同色の層がろう又は液晶の何れかからなることを特徴とし、請求項7の発明と同様の効果がある。
【0069】
請求項9の発明は、請求項1の発明において、透光性材料は、波長が約410nm以下の光で励起し、青色領域の光に蛍光発色のピークを有するフォトルミネッセンス材料を添加した乳白材料又は拡散材料の何れかからなることを特徴とし、フォトルミネッセンス材料は波長が約410nm以下の紫外領域の光で励起されて青色領域の光で発光するので、光フィルタの色調を損なうことなく、紫外領域の光を低減して虫を引き寄せにくくできるという効果がある。
【0070】
請求項10の発明は、請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の光フィルタを光源の照射方向に配置したことを特徴とし、紫外領域の光を低減して虫を引き寄せにくくするととともに、光が黄色味を帯びるのを低減した照明器具を実現できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)〜(c)は実施形態1の光フィルタを用いる照明器具の外観図である。
【図2】同上の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図3】(a)(b)は同上の光フィルタの分光分布の説明図である。
【図4】実施形態2の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図5】実施形態3の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図6】実施形態4の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図7】実施形態5の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図8】実施例1の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図9】実施例2の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図10】実施例3の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図11】実施例6の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図12】実施例7の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図13】実施例8の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図14】実施例9の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図15】実施例10の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図16】実施例11の光フィルタの断面図である。
【図17】実施例12を示し、(a)は光フィルタの断面図、(b)は光学多層膜の分光分布の説明図である。
【図18】実施例13を示し、(a)は光フィルタの断面図、(b)は光学多層膜の分光分布の説明図である。
【図19】実施例1〜13及び比較例1〜4の評価試験に用いる照明器具を示し、(a)は外観図、(b)は要部拡大図である。
【図20】カット率の計算式に用いる数値の説明図である。
【図21】実施例1及び比較例1、4の耐候変色試験に用いる照明器具の外観図である。
【符号の説明】
A,B,C 照明器具
1 光フィルタ
11,11’,11” ランプ
13 グローブ
14 前面パネル[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical filter and a lighting fixture using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been provided a lighting apparatus in which insects are hardly approached by cutting light having a specific wavelength with an optical filter.
[0003]
In general, it is said that the spectral distribution of light that easily attracts insects such as flying insects has a peak in ultraviolet rays. Therefore, lighting equipment that cuts light (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength of up to about 380 nm or visible light from the ultraviolet region. Conventionally, there has been provided a lighting fixture that cuts light having a wavelength up to a short wavelength side (about 450 nm) or a lighting fixture that cuts light having a wavelength up to a short wavelength side (about 600 nm) (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-161253 A (Pages 3 to 5 and FIG. 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the above luminaires, in the luminaire which cuts light (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength up to about 380 nm, insects are less likely to approach by reducing the ultraviolet light, but the insects are also less likely to approach the short-wavelength light in the visible region. Therefore, the effect of reducing insect attraction was insufficient.
[0006]
Further, in a lighting fixture that cuts light having a wavelength from the ultraviolet region to the short wavelength side (about 450 nm) of the visible region, although insects are less likely to approach compared to a lighting fixture that cuts ultraviolet light, the light is clearly yellow. There is a problem in that, when used for general lighting, the appearance of the lighting fixture at the time of lighting becomes poor.
[0007]
In addition, with a lighting device that cuts light on the shorter wavelength side (approximately 600 nm), insects can be made more difficult to approach, but since the light becomes red light, it is very difficult for a person to work under that lighting. There was a problem that the user felt uncomfortable and the working ability was reduced.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optical filter in which insects are hardly approached without impairing the color tone and translucency, and a lighting device using the same. It is in.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical filter for removing light having a wavelength that easily attracts insects from light of a light source used in a lighting apparatus, wherein the light has a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm. Is cut by about 100%, the transmittance of light with a wavelength of about 405 nm is about 50% or less, and the cut rate and transmittance are adjusted so that the average transmittance of light with a wavelength of about 450 nm or more is about 50% or more. Characterized by being made of a translucent material.
[0010]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the light-transmitting material is formed of either a single layer or a laminate of a plurality of layers.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength and the vertical axis represents the transmittance, and the transmittance of the light-transmitting material is set to 1% with respect to the wavelength of 1 nm. Is created, the tangent of the angle at which the tangent and the horizontal axis intersect at the inflection point of the transmittance change curve is 2 or more.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a layer having a smaller YI value than the translucent material is laminated on at least the surface on the side visible to humans.
[0013]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, a layer having a small YI value has a YI value of 10 or less.
[0014]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a layer having a higher refractive index than the translucent material is laminated on at least a surface on a side visible to a human.
[0015]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, a layer having the same color as the color of the light-transmitting material at the time of lighting is laminated on the surface of the light-transmitting material.
[0016]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the seventh aspect, the layer of the same color is made of either wax or liquid crystal.
[0017]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the translucent material is a milky white material that is excited by light having a wavelength of about 410 nm or less and to which a photoluminescent material having a fluorescent color peak is added to light in a blue region. It is characterized by being made of either a material or a diffusion material.
[0018]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the optical filter according to any one of the first to ninth aspects is arranged in an irradiation direction of a light source.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is an external view of a lighting apparatus A using the optical filter 1 of the present embodiment. A box-shaped lamp storage section 12 for storing a lamp 11 is provided at an upper end of a pole 10. A rectangular plate-shaped optical filter 1 is attached to a window formed in the side surface of the optical filter.
[0021]
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1, which is formed in a plate shape from a translucent material having a spectrum as shown in FIG. The optical filter 1 is used in a lighting fixture to remove light having a wavelength that easily attracts insects from the light of a lamp 11 (light source). The material of the optical filter 1 is acrylic (PMMA) resin or polycarbonate (PC). Resin, polystyrene (PS) resin, polyethylene (PE) resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, or a translucent synthetic resin such as PS / PE alloy composed of PS resin and PE resin; What added a pigment is used. Then, by adding an ultraviolet absorber, a dye or a pigment, the light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm is cut by about 100%, and the transmittance of the light having a wavelength of about 405 nm becomes about 50% or less. The cut rate and the transmittance are adjusted so that the average transmittance of light of about 450 nm or more is about 50% or more.
[0022]
Since the optical filter 1 in which the cut rate and the transmittance of the light of each wavelength are adjusted is arranged in the irradiation direction of the lamp 11, the light of the wavelength of about 300 to about 395 nm is converted from the light of the lamp 11 by about 100. By reducing the transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm to about 50% or less while reducing%, it is possible to reduce the light in the ultraviolet region and suppress the number of insects attracted to the light of the lighting fixture A. . Also, since the transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm is about 50% or less and the average transmittance of light of about 450 nm or more is about 50% or more, it is possible to cut light to the short wavelength side of the visible region. In addition, the irradiation light does not take on a yellow tint, and the appearance of the lighting fixture A can be improved. In order to further reduce insects induced by the light of the lamp 11, it is desirable that the transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm be about 10% or less.
[0023]
In addition, in order to prevent the insects from being attracted and reduce the yellow color tone, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the horizontal axis represents the wavelength and the vertical axis represents the transmittance. When a graph of the transmittance of the light-transmitting material is created such that the scale a is equal to the scale b of 1% of the transmittance, the tangent L at the inflection point of the transmittance change curve intersects the horizontal axis. It is desirable that the tangent of the angle θ is 2 or more (tan θ ≧ 2). That is, by increasing the slope of the tangent line L at the inflection point, the rise of the transmittance is increased, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 450 nm or more can be made about 50% or more. Can be reduced. If the tangent of the angle θ is 3 or more, the rise of the transmittance can be further increased, and the yellow color tone can be further reduced.
[0024]
In the present embodiment, the lighting fixture A using the optical filter 1 is described as an exterior lighting fixture, but the ceiling type lighting fixture B as shown in FIG. 1B is formed of an annular fluorescent lamp. By forming the dome-shaped globe 13 covering the lamp 11 ′ with a light-transmitting synthetic resin to which an ultraviolet absorber, a dye or a pigment is added, the cut rate and the transmittance of light of each wavelength are adjusted. The optical filter may be configured by using. In the case of a base light type lighting fixture C embedded in a ceiling surface as shown in FIG. 1 (c), a front panel 14 which covers the front surface (lower surface) of a lamp 11 "composed of a straight tube fluorescent lamp. Is formed of a light-transmitting synthetic resin to which an ultraviolet absorber, a dye or a pigment is added, so that the cut rate and the transmittance of light of each wavelength are adjusted, and the front panel 14 may constitute an optical filter. As described above, in the ceiling-type and base-light-type luminaires B and C, the above-described luminaire A can be obtained by disposing the optical filter including the globe 13 or the front panel 14 in the irradiation direction of the lamps 11 ′ and 11 ″. Similarly to the above, the number of insects (such as flying insects) induced by light can be reduced without impairing the color tone.
[0025]
Further, in the present embodiment, the optical filter 1 is made to absorb ultraviolet light into any of a translucent synthetic resin such as a PMMA resin, a PC resin, a PS resin, a PE resin, a PET resin, and a PS / PE alloy made of the PS resin and the PE resin. Borosilicate or phosphoric acid, etc. whose cut rate and transmittance at each wavelength are adjusted as described above by adding a halide, etc. It may be formed from a functional glass. Further, the material of the optical filter 1 is not limited to the above-described one, and any material may be used as long as the cut rate and the transmittance of light at each wavelength can be adjusted as described above. . Further, the optical filter 1 may have a single-layer structure made of the above-described material, or may have a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers made of the above-described material are stacked.
[0026]
(Embodiment 2)
Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the filter layer 2 is formed from the translucent material described in the first embodiment, and the YI value of the filter layer 2 is smaller than that of the material of the filter layer 2 on at least the surface of the filter layer 2 on the side visible to humans. The optical filter 1 is formed by laminating the layers 3. Here, the YI value is a yellowish index defined in JIS K7103. If X, Y, and Z are tristimulus values of the light source color, the YI value is obtained by the following equation.
[0027]
YI = 100 × (1.28X−1.06Z) / Y
Note that the lighting fixtures A to C using the optical filter 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0028]
In this embodiment, since the layer 3 having a smaller YI value than the filter layer 2 is formed on at least the surface of the filter layer 2 which is visible to humans, the yellow color of the light The taste can be reduced, and the appearance of the product can be improved. In order to reduce the yellow tint of the optical filter 1, it is desirable to make the YI value as small as possible, and it is preferable that the YI value be 3 or less. Further, when the color of the layer 3 is milky white, it is effective to reduce the yellow tint. As a method of laminating the layer 3 having a small YI value on the surface of the filter layer 2, the layer 3 may be formed simultaneously with the formation of the filter layer 2, or may be formed into a film after the formation of the filter layer 2. The layer 3 may be attached, and the method of laminating the layer 3 does not matter.
[0029]
(Embodiment 3)
Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the filter layer 2 is formed from the translucent material described in the first embodiment, and the refractive index is higher than the material of the filter layer 2 on at least the surface of the filter layer 2 on the side visible to humans. The optical filter 1 is formed by laminating the transmissive high refractive index layers 4. Note that the lighting fixtures A to C using the optical filter 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0030]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the high-refractive-index layer 4 having a higher refractive index than the filter layer 2 is formed on at least the surface of the filter layer 2 that is visible to humans, and when the lighting fixture is viewed when the light is turned off. In addition, since the surface reflection is increased as compared with the case where the high refractive index layer 4 is not provided, the yellow tint of the materials of the filter layer 2 and the high refractive index layer 4 cannot be identified, and the appearance of the product can be improved. When the filter layer 2 is transparent, it is difficult to improve the color tone without adding an additive to the material of the filter layer 2 itself. However, by forming the high refractive index layer 4, the filter layer 2 and the high Since the yellow tint of the material of the refractive index layer 4 itself cannot be identified, the appearance of the lighting fixture when the light is turned off can be improved.
[0031]
(Embodiment 4)
Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the filter layer 2 is formed from the translucent material described in the first embodiment, and a layer 5 having the same color as the color of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting is laminated on the surface of the filter layer 2. Note that the lighting fixtures A to C using the optical filter 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0032]
It is essential that the material of the layer 5 is a material that turns off white when turned off and is transparent when turned on, and that has a color tone that is less yellowish. In this embodiment, it is milky white at room temperature. And a wax that becomes transparent when melted by heat is used. Here, in the case where milky white wax is used as the material of the layer 5 at room temperature, if the material of the filter layer 2 is transparent, the portion of the filter layer 2 which needs to transmit light has a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the wax when the lamp is turned on. It is necessary to configure the lighting fixture A such that Further, by melting the wax at the time of lighting, it is possible to prevent the light of the lamp from being blocked by the layer 5 and to prevent the luminous efficiency of the lighting fixture from being reduced. The layer 5 is sealed by an appropriate means to prevent the wax from leaking when the wax is melted.
[0033]
As described above, since the layer 5 having the same color as the color (white) of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting is formed on the surface of the filter layer 2, it is possible to prevent the color of the optical filter 1 from appearing yellow when the light is turned off, and to provide illumination. The appearance of the device A can be improved.
[0034]
In this embodiment, although the wax is used as the material of the layer 5, it is not intended to limit the layer 5 to the wax, and the surface of the filter layer 2 has the same color as the color of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting. Then, a liquid crystal layer which becomes transparent when energized may be formed. Here, when the lamp is lit, the liquid crystal is turned on to make the liquid crystal layer transparent, so that the light of the lamp can be prevented from being blocked and the luminous efficiency can be prevented from being reduced. Is stopped and the color of the liquid crystal is made the same as the color of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting, thereby preventing the optical filter 1 from appearing yellowish when the light is turned off, and improving the appearance of the lighting fixture.
[0035]
(Embodiment 5)
Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, as the material of the filter layer 2 ′, any of a milky white material or a diffusion material to which a photoluminescence material excited by light having a wavelength of 410 nm or less and having a fluorescent color emission peak in a blue region is added is used. . Note that the lighting fixtures A to C using the optical filter 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0036]
Here, in order to efficiently improve the color tone of the optical filter 1 (to make it whiter), it is desirable to add a fluorescent whitening agent or the like to the material of the filter layer 2 ′. If importance is placed on the properties, it is desirable to add a phosphor or a powder of a fluorescent glass. In addition, in order to increase the luminous efficiency of the photoluminescent material, it is desirable to use a light source containing more short-wavelength light among lamps generally used.
[0037]
Hereinafter, the results of evaluation of low insect repellency and color tone of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be described.
[0038]
(Example 1)
FIG. 8 illustrates an optical filter 1 according to the first embodiment. The optical filter 1 includes a single filter layer 2a. The wavelength of the optical filter 1 is approximately 300 nm by adding an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, or a pigment as a material of the filter layer 2a. From about 395 nm to about 395 nm, and about 405 nm in wavelength from about 100%, so that the average transmittance of light with a wavelength of about 450 nm or more is about 90% or more. Transparent acrylic whose transmittance is adjusted is used, and tan θ = 3.
[0039]
(Example 2)
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the second embodiment. The optical filter 1 includes one filter layer 2b, and the wavelength of the filter is increased by adding an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, or a pigment as a material of the filter layer 2b. Cuts light from about 300 nm to about 395 nm by about 100%, cuts light with a wavelength of about 405 nm by about 100%, and sets the average transmittance of light with a wavelength of about 450 nm or more to about 50% or more. Milky white acryl whose cut rate and transmittance are adjusted is used, and tan θ = 2.4.
[0040]
(Example 3)
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the third embodiment. The optical filter 1 includes a single filter layer 2c. The wavelength of the filter is increased by adding an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, or a pigment as a material of the filter layer 2c. Cuts light from about 300 nm to about 395 nm by about 100%, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm becomes about 50% or less, and the average transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 450 nm or more becomes about 90% or more. As described above, the transparent polycarbonate whose cut rate and transmittance are adjusted is used, and tan θ = 3.
[0041]
(Example 4)
In Example 4, by adding a halide or the like as a material of the optical filter 1, light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm is cut by about 100%, and transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm is reduced by about 100%. Transparent glass whose cut rate and transmittance are adjusted to be 50% or less is used, and tan θ = 3.5.
[0042]
(Example 5)
In Example 5, by adding a halide or the like as a material of the optical filter 1, light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm is cut by about 100%, and light having a wavelength of about 405 nm is cut by about 100%. Transparent glass whose cut rate is adjusted so that tan θ = 3.5.
[0043]
(Example 6)
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the sixth embodiment. A milky white acrylic layer 3 having a lower YI value than the filter layer 2b is provided on the surface of the filter layer 2b formed of the same material as the second embodiment. Has formed.
[0044]
(Example 7)
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the seventh embodiment. The surface of the filter layer 2a made of the same material as the first embodiment has a higher refractive index than the filter layer 2a and a thickness of 0.1 μm. Alumina (AL 2 O 3 The high refractive index layer 4 composed of the thin film of (1) is formed.
[0045]
(Example 8)
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the eighth embodiment. The filter layer 2d is formed of the same material (transparent glass) as the fifth embodiment, and a plate-like soda glass disposed to face the filter layer 2d. 6, a wax 5 'of the same color as the color of the filter layer 2d at the time of lighting is sandwiched, and the wax 5' is sealed with sealing materials 7, 7 for coupling between the filter layer 2d and the soda glass 6. . The wax 5 ′ is melted by the heat generated by the lamp when turned on, becomes transparent, and solidified when turned off and changes to the same color as the filter layer 2d when turned on.
[0046]
(Example 9)
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the ninth embodiment. Liquid crystals 5 ″ having the same color as the color of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting are formed on the surface of the filter layer 2d formed of the same material as the fifth embodiment. The driving unit of the liquid crystal 5 ″ is provided in the lighting equipment, and when the liquid crystal 5 ″ is turned on, the driving unit supplies electricity to the liquid crystal 5 ″ to change the color of the liquid crystal 5 ″ to transparent. Is stopped, and the color changes to the same color as the color of the filter layer 2 at the time of lighting.
[0047]
(Example 10)
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the tenth embodiment. The optical filter 1 includes one filter layer 2e. The milky white acryl used for the optical filter 1 according to the second embodiment is, for example, UVITEX (R) OB. The filter layer 2e is formed of a material such as (trade name) to which a fluorescent whitening material is added.
[0048]
(Example 11)
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the eleventh embodiment. The optical filter 1 includes a single filter layer 2f. The milky white acryl used for the optical filter 1 according to the second embodiment includes a phosphor such as ZnS. The filter layer 2f is formed of a material to which the powder of the above is added.
[0049]
(Example 12)
FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the twelfth embodiment. A wavelength of about 450 nm is applied to the surface of a filter layer 2g made of transparent acrylic which cuts light having a wavelength of about 380 nm by about 100%. An optical multilayer film 8 that sharply cuts only light in the vicinity and allows light in a visible light region of 420 nm or more to pass therethrough is formed. FIG. 17B shows a spectrum of the optical multilayer film 8.
[0050]
(Example 13)
FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter 1 according to the thirteenth embodiment. The surface of a filter layer 2g made of transparent acryl which does not cut off the light in the ultraviolet region has a wavelength of about 420 nm or more in the visible light region. An optical multilayer film 8 that allows only light to pass through is formed. FIG. 18B shows the spectrum of the optical multilayer film 8.
[0051]
(Comparative Examples 1-4)
Comparative Example 1 is made of transparent acrylic, and has the same transmittance as that of Example 1 for light having a wavelength of 555 nm. Comparative Example 2 is formed of milk-white acrylic, and has the same transmittance as that of Example 2 for light having a wavelength of 555 nm. Comparative Example 3 is formed of a transparent polycarbonate, and has the same transmittance as that of Example 3 for light having a wavelength of 555 nm. Comparative Example 4 is made of general transparent soda glass.
[0052]
FIG. 19A shows a lighting fixture A used in the experiment, and a box-shaped lamp storage part 12 for storing a lamp 11 such as a 13W compact fluorescent lamp manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial is provided at the upper end of a pole 10. An experiment was performed to evaluate the insect repellency by attaching the optical filters 1 of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 to the window holes formed on the four side surfaces of the lamp housing portion 12, respectively. In the experiment, the lighting fixture A shown in FIG. 19A was installed in a 10 m square room, the lamp 11 was turned on, and three kinds of insects (fly, moth moth, moth) were separated by 200 each for 1 hour. Later, the evaluation is made based on the number of insects captured on the adhesive sheet 9 attached to the lower side of the optical filter 1. The size of the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet 9 was 50 to 300 mm, and the same size was used in all Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 1 shows the results of the experiment performed under the above conditions and the evaluation of the color tone.
[0053]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004247156
[0054]
The cut rate and the transmittance in the table are the results of measurement by a spectrophotometer, and the cut rate is represented by the following equation.
[0055]
(Cut rate) = 100−100 × Q / (Y1 × (395-300))
Here, Y1 is a value at a portion where the transmittance curve becomes flat as shown in FIG. 20, and Q is a value obtained by simply calculating a value obtained by integrating the transmittance in a wavelength range of 300 to 395 nm. , The area of the triangle indicated by oblique lines.
[0056]
In addition, the evaluation item (1) is an evaluation of insect attractant, and is a relative value of the total number of insects of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 when the total number of insects of Comparative Example 1 is 100. Is shown. The evaluation item (2) is a visual evaluation of the yellow color of the optical filter 1 when the light is turned off, and the evaluation item (3) is a visual evaluation of the yellow color of the light filter 1 and the light color when the light is turned on. ), ((Cannot be understood unless you look closely), × (can be understood at first glance).
[0057]
From the evaluation results in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 13, the number of insects trapped is lower than that of Comparative Example 1 to about 60% or less, and the lighting fixtures are turned off and turned on while reducing the insect attracting property. Looks good.
[0058]
Further, a weather discoloration resistance test was performed using the optical filters 1 of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4. FIG. 21 shows a lighting apparatus A used for the test, in which a coated paper 15 coated with a yellow dye is placed at a position 15 cm in front of the optical filter 1 on the irradiation surface side, and a lamp 11 composed of a 400 W mercury lamp manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. A test (weather discoloration resistance test 1) for visually confirming the degree of discoloration of the coated paper 15 after one month and six months after the lighting was performed. In addition, an optical filter 1 on the irradiation surface side is disposed between sunlight and a coated paper coated with a red dye, and a test for visually evaluating the degree of discoloration of the coated paper after 6 months and 12 months (weather resistance test 2). ) Was also implemented. Table 2 shows the test results of both tests, in which the degree of discoloration was evaluated on a three-point scale: ((almost no discoloration), ((slightly discolored), × (discoloration can be seen at a glance).
[0059]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004247156
[0060]
From the test results in Table 2, it was found that Example 1 was more effective in preventing discoloration and fading of the object than Comparative Examples 1 and 4, and the damage caused by sunlight or illumination light to human skin was reduced. The effect is obtained.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention according to claim 1 is an optical filter used in a lighting fixture and for removing light having a wavelength that easily attracts insects from light of a light source, and filters light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm by about 100 nm. %, The transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm is about 50% or less, and the cut rate and transmittance are adjusted so that the average transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 450 nm or more is about 50% or more. It is characterized by being made of an optical material, reducing light in the ultraviolet region and making it difficult to attract insects, and having a transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 405 nm of about 50% or less and a transmittance of light of about 450 nm or more. Since it is about 50% or more, there is an effect that the light can be less yellowish compared to the case where the light is cut to the short wavelength side of the visible region.
[0062]
A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect of the present invention, the light-transmitting material is formed of either a single layer or a laminate of a plurality of layers, and has the same effect as the first aspect of the present invention.
[0063]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance, and the transmittance of the light-transmitting material is set to 1% at a wavelength of 1 nm. Is characterized in that the tangent of the angle at which the tangent and the horizontal axis intersect at the inflection point of the transmittance change curve is 2 or more, and the rise of the transmittance change curve is steep. Thus, there is an effect that light cut by light on the short wavelength side in the visible region can be reduced, and the light can be less yellowish.
[0064]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a layer having a smaller YI value than the light-transmitting material is laminated on at least the surface on the side visible to humans, Since the layer having a small YI value is laminated on the surface on the side visible to humans, when the optical filter is arranged in the irradiation direction of the lighting equipment, the yellow color of the optical filter can be reduced when the light is turned off, and the optical filter can be reduced. There is an effect that the appearance of can be improved.
[0065]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, the layer having a small YI value has a YI value of 10 or less, and has the same effect as the fourth aspect of the present invention.
[0066]
The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1, a layer having a higher refractive index than the light-transmitting material is laminated on at least the surface on the side visible to humans, Since a high-refractive-index layer (high-refractive-index layer) is laminated on the surface on the side visible to humans, when the light filter is arranged in the irradiation direction of the lighting fixture, In addition, since the surface reflection is increased as compared with the case where the high refractive index layer is not provided, the yellow color of the optical filter cannot be identified, and the appearance of the optical filter can be improved.
[0067]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a layer having the same color as the color of the light-transmitting material at the time of lighting is laminated on the surface of the light-transmitting material. When the lighting fixture is turned off, the yellow color of the light-transmitting material of the optical filter cannot be identified when the lighting fixture is viewed, and the appearance of the optical filter can be improved.
[0068]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the seventh aspect of the present invention, the layer of the same color is made of either wax or liquid crystal, and has the same effect as the seventh aspect of the invention.
[0069]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the light-transmitting material is an opacifying material which is excited by light having a wavelength of about 410 nm or less and to which a photoluminescent material having a fluorescent color peak in light in a blue region is added. Or a light-diffusing material, the photoluminescent material is excited by light in the ultraviolet region having a wavelength of about 410 nm or less and emits light in the blue region, so that the color tone of the optical filter is not impaired. This has the effect of reducing the light in the area and making it difficult to attract insects.
[0070]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the optical filter according to any one of the first to ninth aspects is arranged in an irradiation direction of the light source, and reduces light in an ultraviolet region to make it difficult to attract insects. It is possible to realize a lighting device in which light is less yellowish.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1C are external views of a lighting apparatus using an optical filter according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the above optical filter.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory diagrams of a spectral distribution of the optical filter according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter according to a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the optical filter according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to a sixth embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to a seventh embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to an eighth embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to a ninth embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to a tenth embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a sectional view of an optical filter according to an eleventh embodiment.
FIGS. 17A and 17B show Example 12; FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter, and FIG. 17B is an explanatory diagram of a spectral distribution of an optical multilayer film.
FIGS. 18A and 18B show a thirteenth embodiment, wherein FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view of an optical filter, and FIG. 18B is an explanatory diagram of a spectral distribution of an optical multilayer film.
19A and 19B show lighting fixtures used in evaluation tests of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, wherein FIG. 19A is an external view and FIG. 19B is an enlarged view of a main part.
FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of numerical values used in a formula for calculating a cut rate.
FIG. 21 is an external view of a lighting fixture used in a weathering and discoloration test of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4.
[Explanation of symbols]
A, B, C Lighting equipment
1 Optical filter
11, 11 ', 11 "lamp
13 gloves
14 Front panel

Claims (10)

照明器具に用いられ光源の光から虫を誘引しやすい波長の光を取り除く光フィルタであって、波長が約300nmから約395nmまでの光を略100%カットし、波長が約405nmの光の透過率が約50%以下となり、波長が約450nm以上の光の平均透過率が約50%以上となるようにカット率及び透過率が調整された透光性材料からなることを特徴とする光フィルタ。This is an optical filter used in lighting equipment that removes light of a wavelength that easily attracts insects from the light of the light source. It cuts light with a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 395 nm by about 100% and transmits light with a wavelength of about 405 nm. An optical filter comprising a light-transmitting material whose cut rate and transmittance are adjusted so that the transmittance is about 50% or less and the average transmittance of light having a wavelength of about 450 nm or more is about 50% or more. . 前記透光性材料の単層又は複数層の積層体の何れかからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein the optical filter is made of one of a single layer and a multilayer body of the light transmitting material. 横軸に波長を、縦軸に透過率をとり、波長の1nmの目盛りが透過率の1%の目盛りに等しくなるようにして前記透光性材料の透過率のグラフを作成した場合に、透過率の変化曲線の変曲点における接線と横軸とが交差する角度の正接が2以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The horizontal axis represents the wavelength, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance. When a graph of the transmittance of the light-transmitting material is created by making the scale of 1 nm of the wavelength equal to the scale of 1% of the transmittance, The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein the tangent of the angle at which the tangent and the horizontal axis intersect at the inflection point of the rate change curve is 2 or more. 少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、前記透光性材料よりもYI値の小さい層を積層したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein a layer having a smaller YI value than the translucent material is laminated on at least a surface on a side visible to a human. 前記YI値の小さい層のYI値が10以下であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 4, wherein the YI value of the layer having a small YI value is 10 or less. 少なくとも人から視認可能な側の表面に、前記透光性材料よりも屈折率の高い層を積層したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein a layer having a higher refractive index than the translucent material is laminated on at least a surface on a side visible to a human. 点灯時の透光性材料の色と同色の層を前記透光性材料の表面に積層したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein a layer having the same color as the color of the light-transmitting material at the time of lighting is laminated on the surface of the light-transmitting material. 前記同色の層がろう又は液晶の何れかからなることを特徴とする請求項7記載の光フィルタ。The optical filter according to claim 7, wherein the layer of the same color is made of either wax or liquid crystal. 前記透光性材料は、波長が約410nm以下の光で励起し、青色領域の光に蛍光発色のピークを有するフォトルミネッセンス材料を添加した乳白色の材料又は拡散材料の何れかからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の光フィルタ。The light-transmitting material is characterized by being made of any of a milky-white material or a diffusion material, which is excited by light having a wavelength of about 410 nm or less and to which a photoluminescence material having a peak of fluorescence emission is added to light in a blue region. The optical filter according to claim 1, wherein 請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の光フィルタを光源の照射方向に配置したことを特徴とする照明器具。A lighting device comprising the optical filter according to any one of claims 1 to 9 arranged in an irradiation direction of a light source.
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