JP2004155980A - Wood-based resin molded article and decorative material - Google Patents

Wood-based resin molded article and decorative material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004155980A
JP2004155980A JP2002324870A JP2002324870A JP2004155980A JP 2004155980 A JP2004155980 A JP 2004155980A JP 2002324870 A JP2002324870 A JP 2002324870A JP 2002324870 A JP2002324870 A JP 2002324870A JP 2004155980 A JP2004155980 A JP 2004155980A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wood
resin
weight
resin molded
molded article
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JP2002324870A
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JP4165190B2 (en
Inventor
Yumiko Okamoto
由美子 岡本
Takashi Ikeda
尚 池田
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Toppan Inc
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Toppan Printing Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wood-based resin molded article composed mainly of a polyolefin resin and a wooden filler, having good dispersability of the wooden filler and high adhesivity of the wooden filler to the polyolefin resin to exhibit sufficient mechanical strength and excellently moldable without causing the adhesion of the resin to the screw, etc., of the molding machine in molding and provide a decorative material produced by using the molded article. <P>SOLUTION: The wood-based resin is produced by compounding 100 pts.wt. of a mixture of a polyolefin resin and the wooden filler with 0.5-5 pts.wt. of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000-600,000 or with 0.1-1 pts.wt. of the compatibilizer having a weight-average molecular weight of ≤20,000 together with 0.5-3 pts.wt. of the agent having a weight-average molecular weight of ≥600,000. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、住宅等の建築物における壁材、床材、天井材等の建築内装材や建具、家具、家電品の表面材等に用いられる木質樹脂成形体及びそれを用いた化粧材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、上記のような化粧材の基材としては、例えば合板、中密度繊維板、パーティクルボード等の木質系基材が最も汎用されて来た。しかし、建築物の解体時等に発生する木質系廃材の再生利用はあまり進んでおらず、その殆どが焼却処分に付され、新築時等には新たに伐採された木材が使用されるのが一般的であるのが現状である。このため近年になって、木材資源の浪費による自然破壊、廃材の焼却処分や森林面積の減少による大気中の二酸化炭素濃度の上昇や地球温暖化などの問題が取り沙汰されるようになり、木材資源の有効利用化が急務となっている。一方、建築や家具製造等の木材加工業では、加工中に発生する端材や鋸屑等の木質系廃棄物の処理も問題となっている。そこで、このような木質系廃材や木質系廃棄物を再資源化する一手法として、それらを微粉状に粉砕した木粉の形として合成樹脂に配合し、押出成形法や射出成形法等の通常の樹脂成形技術を利用して種々の成形体を作製する手法が提案されている(特公昭62−41612号等)。
【0003】
この手法に使用される合成樹脂としては、嘗ては木粉との馴染みが良く成形も容易でしかも安価なポリ塩化ビニル樹脂の使用が試みられていたが、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂に含まれる可塑剤や重金属系安定剤等が人体や生態系に悪影響を与えるおそれがあることや、火災時や焼却処分時に塩化水素ガスやダイオキシン類等の有害物質を発生するおそれがあることなどが問題視される様になり、最近では係る問題のないポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂を使用する試みがなされる様になっている。但し、ポリオレフィン系樹脂は本質的に疎水性の非極性樹脂であるから、そのままでは親水性のセルロースを主成分とする木粉との馴染みが悪いので、ポリオレフィン系樹脂中での木粉の分散性を向上させるために、分子中に親水性(極性)部分と疎水性(非極性)部分との両方を有する相溶化剤、例えばマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤を配合する手法が採用されるのが一般的である(特開平10−71636号等)。
【0004】
しかし、上記マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤は、ポリプロピレン骨格の側鎖にグラフト重合されたマレイン酸が有するカルボキシル基に由来して、金属に対し極めて強い接着性を示す傾向があるので、これが配合された木質樹脂成形体を通常の押出成形機や射出成形機等によって成形しようとすると、加熱溶融した木質樹脂組成物を金型に向けて圧送供給するための金属製のスクリュー等の金属製機械部品の表面に強く接着し、樹脂が金型の方向へ流動しにくくなるため、成形性が頗る悪いという問題があった。この成形性の問題は、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤の配合量を削減するか、若しくはマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤のマレイン酸変性率を低減させれば改善されるが、そうすると当然に相溶化効果も薄くなり、得られる木質樹脂成形体の機械的強度の低下を招いてしまう。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来の技術における上記の問題を解決するためになされたものであり、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂及び木粉等の木質系充填剤を主成分とする木質樹脂成形体において、木質系充填剤の分散性が良好であり、木質系充填剤とポリオレフィン系樹脂との接着性も良く十分な機械的強度を発現し、しかも、樹脂成形時に樹脂組成物が成形機中のスクリュー等の金属部品に接着して流動しなくなる問題を発生することなく、良好に成形可能な木質樹脂成形体と、それを用いた化粧材とを提供しようとするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために本発明は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂及び木質系充填剤を主成分とする木質樹脂成形体において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂80〜15重量%及び木質系充填剤20〜85重量%の配合物100重量部当たり、重量平均分子量20,000〜600,000のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤が0.5〜5重量部配合されてなることを特徴とする木質樹脂成形体を提供する。
【0007】
併せて本発明は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂及び木質系充填剤を主成分とする木質樹脂成形体において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂80〜15重量%及び木質系充填剤20〜85重量%の配合物100重量部当たり、重量平均分子量20,000以下のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤0.1〜1重量部及び重量平均分子量600,000以上のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤0.5〜3重量部が配合されてなることを特徴とする木質樹脂成形体を提供する。
【0008】
さらに併せて本発明は、上記のいずれかの木質樹脂成形体の表面の少なくとも一部に、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とする化粧シートが積層されてなることを特徴とする化粧材を提供する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の木質樹脂成形体は、マトリックス樹脂としてのポリオレフィン系樹脂中に、充填剤としての木粉等の木質系充填剤が分散された組成物から構成された成形体であって、該ポリオレフィン系樹脂と該木質系充填剤との配合比率は、前者が80〜15重量%に対して後者が20〜85重量%とされており、さらに、該ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤とをよく接着させ、分散性を高めるために、相溶化剤としてマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤が配合されている。
【0010】
そして、本発明においては、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂と前記木質系充填剤との配合物100重量部当たり、該マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤として、重量平均分子量が20,000以上600,000以下のものを、0.5〜5重量部配合するか、若しくは、重量平均分子量が20,000以下のものを0.1〜1重量部と、重量平均分子量600,000以上のものを0.5〜3重量部とを、併用して配合したことを特徴としている。
【0011】
マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤は、分子量が小さい程、ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤との相溶化効果が高いが、金属への接着性も高まり、成形装置内においてスクリュー等の金属部品にこびりつきやすく、成形性は悪化する。一方、分子量が大きい程、金属への接着性は低くなり、成形性の面では有利であるが、反応性に劣り、ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤との相溶化効果は乏しくなる。また、その配合量に関しては、多いほど相溶化効果は高まるが成形性は悪化し、少ないほど成形性は改善されるが相溶化効果は低下する。
【0012】
本発明は上記の原理に鑑みたもので、その第一の発明においては、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤として、特に重量平均分子量が20,000以上600,000以下のものを選択し、しかも、その配合量を0.5〜5重量部の範囲内とすることにより、成形装置内のスクリュー等へのこびりつきを最小限に抑え、十分な成形性を確保しながら、ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤との相溶化効果も十分に得られ、機械的強度の良好な木質樹脂成形体を得ることができることを見出したものである。
【0013】
また、その第二の発明においては、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤として、重量平均分子量が20,000以下のものと、600,000以上のものとを併用し、且つ、その配合量を、前者については0.1〜1重量部、後者については0.5〜3重量部の範囲内とすることにより、成形装置内のスクリュー等へのこびりつきを最小限に抑え、十分な成形性を確保しながら、ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤との相溶化効果も十分に得られ、機械的強度の良好な木質樹脂成形体を得ることができることを見出したものである。
【0014】
上記マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤は、従来公知の如く、ポリプロピレン系樹脂にマレイン酸又はその無水物を所定量添加してグラフト重合させてなるものであり、その骨格であるポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、ホモポリプロピレン樹脂であっても良いし、その他例えばランダムポリプロピレン樹脂、ブロックポリプロピレン樹脂、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、プロピレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン−プロピレン−α−オレフィン共重合体等、プロピレンを主たる単量体成分とするオレフィン系共重合体であっても良い。
【0015】
本発明において使用するポリオレフィン系樹脂としては、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリイソプレン、ポリメチルペンテン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合体、エチレン−不飽和カルボン酸共重合体金属中和物(アイオノマー)等、或いはそれらの2種以上の混合物等から適宜選択して使用することができる。
【0016】
中でも、化粧材用基材等として要求される剛性や表面硬度、寸法安定性(線膨張係数が小さいこと)などの面で、ホモポリプロピレン、ランダムポリプロピレン、ブロックポリプロピレン、プロピレン−α−オレフィン共重合体などのポリプロピレン系樹脂が最も適している。
【0017】
本発明において使用する木質系充填剤としては、特に制限されることなく適宜選択が可能であるが、一般的には、木材をカッターミルなどによって破断し、これをボールミルやインペラーミルなどによって粉砕して、微粉状にしたもの(木粉)などを用いる。
【0018】
木質系充填剤の平均粒径は、1〜200μm程度、中でも10〜150μm程度とすることが好ましい。平均粒径が1μm未満のものは、取り扱いが困難であるうえに、特に木質系充填剤の配合量が多い場合は、樹脂への分散が悪いと、製造される木質樹脂成形体に機械強度の低下が発生する。また、200μmより大きいと、製造される木質樹脂成形体の均質性、平面性、機械的強度等が悪化するからである。
【0019】
本発明の木質樹脂成形体は、必要に応じて発泡させても良い。発泡の手法としては、公知の手法がいずれも利用できる。一般的には、熱分解や化学反応によってガスを発生する化学発泡と、低沸点の液体に熱をかけて気化させる物理発泡とに分類でき、化学発泡剤としては無機系の重炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸アンモニウム、重炭酸アンモニウム、亜硝酸アンモニウム、ホウ化水素ナトリウム、軽金属、アジド化合物等、また有機発泡剤としてはアゾ系、ニトロソ系、ヒドラジド系等が、任意の組み合わせで使用できる。また、特に2倍を越える高発泡倍率での発泡には主に物理発泡が用いられ、発泡剤としては炭酸ガスや脂肪族炭化水素が主に用いられる。また、物理発泡に際しても発泡体のセル形状を整えるため化学発泡剤を併用することが多い。
【0020】
本発明の木質樹脂成形体には、上述した相溶化剤や発泡剤の他、必要に応じて例えば熱安定剤、酸中和剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、顔料又は染料等の着色剤、充填剤、帯電防止剤、抗菌剤、防黴剤、滑剤、造核剤、難燃剤、ブロッキング防止剤、脱水剤、艶調整剤等を添加することもできる。
【0021】
これらの添加剤のうち熱安定剤としてはヒンダードフェノール系、硫黄系、リン系等、酸中和剤としてはステアリン酸金属塩、ハイドロタルサイト等、紫外線吸収剤としてはベンゾトリアゾール系、ベンゾエート系、ベンゾフェノン系、トリアジン系等、光安定剤としてはヒンダードアミン系等がある。
【0022】
難燃剤としてはハロゲン系、リン系、塩素系等、充填剤としては炭酸カルシウム、シリカ、酸化チタン、硫酸バリウム、酸化亜鉛、アルミナ、タルク、マイカ、珪酸マグネシウム、酸化鉄、カーボンブラック、金属粉等がある。
【0023】
滑剤としては炭化水素系、脂肪酸系、高級アルコール系、脂肪酸アマイド系、金属石鹸系、エステル系、シリコーン系、フッ素系等、造核剤としてはカルボン酸金属塩系、ソルビトール系、リン酸エステル金属塩系等、顔料としては縮合アゾ、不溶性アゾ、キナクリドン、イソインドリノン、アンスラキノン、イミダゾロン、フタロシアニン、カーボンブラック、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、コバルトブルー、雲母等のパール顔料等があり、これらの添加剤を任意の組合せで用いることができる。
【0024】
本発明において、木質樹脂成形体の原料であるポリオレフィン系樹脂、木質系充填剤、相溶化剤及びその他の添加物の混練については、特に方法を問わないが、バンバリーミキサーによって混練し、ペレタイザーでペレット化する方法や、2軸押出混練機によって混合、ペレット化する方法などが一般的である。また、木質系充填剤は、含水率が多いと、ペレタイズ時に発泡の原因となるので、混練前に予め乾燥機やホッパードライヤーで含水率が8重量%以下程度にまで乾燥させておくことが望ましい。
【0025】
本発明の木質樹脂成形体は、そのまま建築用又は家具用等の構造材として使用される場合もあれば、そのまま又は表面に型押しや絵柄印刷等の装飾加工を施して、建築用又は家具用等の化粧材として使用される場合もある。後者における装飾加工としては、木質樹脂成形体の表面に直接絵柄印刷等を施すことは一般に困難であるから、予め別途用意した熱可塑性樹脂フィルム等の支持体に絵柄印刷等の装飾加工を施した化粧シートを、木質樹脂成形体の表面の少なくとも一部(装飾加工を必要とする箇所)に積層して化粧材とする手法によるのが、最も好適である。
【0026】
その際、化粧シートとして、木質樹脂成形体に含有されるポリオレフィン系樹脂と同系の熱可塑性樹脂であるポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とするものを使用すると、使用後の化粧材をリサイクルする際に、木質樹脂成形体と化粧シートとを分離する必要なく、そのまま木質樹脂成形体の材料として再利用することが可能であり、リサイクル時の成形時には成形不良を発生することがなく、リサイクル品は木質感を損なったり強度が低下していたりすることがない等の利点がある。
【0027】
化粧シートを構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂として具体的には、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリイソプレン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合体や、これらを接着性の向上を目的として酸変性したもの、エチレン−不飽和カルボン酸共重合体金属中和物(アイオノマー)等、或いはそれらの2種以上の混合物、共重合体等、各種のポリオレフィン系樹脂の中から適宜選択が可能であり、また、これらの中から選ばれる同種又は異種のポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる複数層の積層体を使用することもできる。
【0028】
積層される化粧シートについて重要な点は、上記した通り主に木質樹脂成形体に含有されるポリオレフィン系樹脂と同系の熱可塑性樹脂であるポリオレフィン系樹脂を用いることと、木目、石目、布目、抽象柄などの任意の意匠の絵柄印刷やエンボス加工等による装飾加工が施されていることで、化粧シート自体の構成については何ら制約を受けるものではない。
【0029】
この化粧シートは、例えば着色シートに絵柄印刷を施した単層化粧シート、着色シートに絵柄印刷を施したシートに、透明シートをドライラミネート法、エクストルージョンラミネート法、熱ラミネート法などによって貼り合わせた複層の化粧シートや、透明シートの裏面に印刷を施したバック刷りの単層の化粧シートなどから用途に応じて適宜選択が可能である。
【0030】
このとき化粧シートに十分な隠蔽性があれば安定した意匠の再現が達成され、逆に化粧シートが透明性を有する場合は木質樹脂成形体の木質感を活かした意匠表現が可能になる。
【0031】
化粧シートの木目柄等のパターン、絵柄、色彩等の印刷に用いるインキは、バインダーとしては硝化綿、セルロース、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリウレタン、アクリル、ポリエステル等の単独もしくは各変性物の中から適宜選択すればよい。これらは、水性、溶剤系、エマルジョンタイプのいずれでも問題なく、また1液タイプでも硬化剤を使用した2液タイプでも任意に選択可能である。さらに紫外線や電子線等の照射によりインキを硬化させることも可能である。
【0032】
中でも最も一般的な方法は、ウレタン系のインキでイソシアネートで硬化させる方法である。これらバインダー以外には通常のインキに含まれている顔料、染料等の着色剤、体質顔料、溶剤、各種添加剤が添加されている。特によく用いられる顔料には縮合アゾ、不溶性アゾ、キナクリドン、イソインドリノン、アンスラキノン、イミダゾロン、フタロシアニン、カーボンブラック、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、コバルトブルー、雲母等のパール顔料等がある。
【0033】
また、いずれの化粧シートにおいても、木質樹脂成形体への貼り合わせのためのプライマーコートや、表面保護や艶調整のためのトップコート、エンボス法やグロスマット法等による導管表現等が施されていても構わない。また、化粧シートにおけるポリオレフィン系樹脂層に用いる添加剤も、木質樹脂成形体におけると同様のものが適宜使用可能である。
【0034】
化粧シートの厚さは特に問わないが、0.05〜0.3mm程度の範囲内とされるのが通例である。化粧シートと木質樹脂成形体との積層方法は特に問わず、例えば接着剤を介したドライラミネート法又はウェットラミネート法や、接着剤を介した又は介さない熱ラミネート法、超音波融着法や高周波融着法、木質樹脂成形体の成形時に金型内に化粧シートを導入して貼り合わせる成形同時ラミネート法等、従来公知の方法を任意に用いることができる。
【0035】
本発明の化粧材の基材としての木質樹脂成形体の側面には、化粧材同士を相互に連結するための雄雌実などの嵌合構造が設けられていてもよい。木質樹脂成形体を発泡させる場合には、嵌合構造部分の強度及び寸法精度を確保するために、嵌合構造部分を非発泡若しくは低発泡状態とすることが望ましい。側面に嵌合構造部分を設けた場合には、該嵌合構造部分にあっても、少なくとも嵌合連結状態において化粧面(外部に露出する表面)側から見える部分の木質樹脂成形体の表面にかけて、化粧面から連続して化粧シートを積層しておくことが望ましい。
【0036】
本発明の化粧材をリサイクルする場合には、表面に積層された化粧シートを剥離除去することなく、化粧材全体をそのまま粉砕し、必要に応じて木質系充填剤、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、各種添加剤等を適宜添加して、再度ペレット化し、これを木質樹脂成形体の成形用材料として再利用することができる。この場合も、粉砕物の混練方法やペレット化方法、成形方法等については、特に方法は問わない。また、再ペレット化する代わりに、破砕物をそのまま木質樹脂成形体の成形材料として成形機に投入したり、木質樹脂成形体の成形時に破砕物と共に木質系充填剤やポリオレフィン系樹脂、各種添加剤等を同時に成形機に投入し、成形機内で混練しつつ成形したりしても、勿論かまわない。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の具体的な実施例及び比較例を示して説明する。
【0038】
実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜4
平均粒径100μmの木粉と、ホモポリプロピレン樹脂と、ステアリン酸カルシウム系滑剤と、酸化カルシウム系脱水剤と、重曹クエン酸系化学発泡剤と、アクリル変性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン系滑剤と、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤(中分子量型=重量平均分子量約150,000、低分子量型=同約12,000及び高分子量型=同約780,000の3種類)を、それぞれ表1に示す比率で配合した木質樹脂組成物を、1軸押出機を使用して、セルカ法により平均発泡倍率1.4倍に発泡させつつ、厚さ6mm、幅300mmの断面長方形状の平板状に押出成形して、本発明の木質樹脂成形体を作製した。但し、比較例1及び比較例4は成形不能であった。成形中の引き取り性の良否、成形機内のスクリューへの樹脂付着の有無を評価すると共に、成形体が得られたものについて、その厚みムラ及び表面性(表面の歪みの有無)を評価した。その結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 2004155980
【0040】
上記実施例1〜2及び比較例2、3の木質樹脂成形体の表面に、厚さ0.2mmのポリオレフィン樹脂系化粧シートを貼着して、化粧材を作製した。この化粧材を床材としてコンクリートスラブ面に施工したところ、実施例1〜2の化粧材は外観面、機能面共に問題はなかったが、比較例2、3の化粧材は、表面の歪みが特に斜光観察で目立ち、意匠的に満足できるものではなく、また、厚みムラのためにコンクリートスラブ面との間に一部に隙間が生じていて、歩行時に音鳴りが発生するものであり、しかも、木槌等で叩くと簡単に割れ易く、強度面でも問題のあるものであった。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明した様に、本発明の木質樹脂成形体は、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤の分子量及び添加量を特定範囲としたことにより、ポリオレフィン系樹脂と木質系充填剤との接着性、分散性が十分にあり、機械的強度に優れ、しかも、金属に対する接着性が抑制されているので、成形時に樹脂が成形機内のスクリューにこびりついたりすることなく、成形性にも優れており、寸法精度や外観意匠性にも優れた成形体を容易に得ることができるという顕著な効果を奏するものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wood resin molded product used as a building interior material such as a wall material, a floor material, and a ceiling material in a building such as a house, a fitting, furniture, a surface material of a household electric appliance, and a decorative material using the same. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a base material of the above-mentioned decorative material, a wood-based base material such as a plywood, a medium density fiberboard, and a particle board has been most widely used. However, the recycling of wood-based waste materials generated during the demolition of buildings has not progressed much, and most of them are incinerated, and newly harvested wood is used for new construction. At present it is general. Therefore, in recent years, problems such as natural destruction due to waste of wood resources, incineration of waste materials, and an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to a decrease in forest area, and global warming, have been reported. There is an urgent need for effective utilization of. On the other hand, in the wood processing industry such as construction and furniture manufacturing, disposal of woody waste such as offcuts and sawdust generated during processing has also become a problem. Therefore, as one method of recycling such wood-based waste materials and wood-based waste, they are mixed with synthetic resin in the form of wood powder crushed into fine powder, and are usually used in extrusion molding and injection molding. There has been proposed a method for producing various molded articles by utilizing the resin molding technique (Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-41612).
[0003]
As the synthetic resin used in this method, the use of polyvinyl chloride resin, which is familiar with wood flour, is easy to mold, and is inexpensive, has been attempted. There is a concern that heavy metal stabilizers and other substances may adversely affect the human body and ecosystem, and that harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride gas and dioxins may be generated at the time of fire or incineration. In recent years, attempts have been made to use a polyolefin resin such as polypropylene which does not have such a problem. However, since the polyolefin resin is essentially a hydrophobic non-polar resin, it is poorly compatible with wood flour containing hydrophilic cellulose as a main component. In order to improve the solubility, a method of blending a compatibilizer having both a hydrophilic (polar) portion and a hydrophobic (non-polar) portion in the molecule, for example, a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer is employed. Is common (JP-A-10-71636, etc.).
[0004]
However, since the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer has a tendency to exhibit extremely strong adhesion to metals due to the carboxyl group of the maleic acid graft-polymerized to the side chain of the polypropylene skeleton, it is blended. When the molded wood resin molded article is to be molded by an ordinary extrusion molding machine, injection molding machine, or the like, a metal machine such as a metal screw for feeding the heat-melted wood resin composition toward a mold by pressure is used. Since the resin adheres strongly to the surface of the component and the resin does not easily flow toward the mold, there is a problem that the moldability is extremely poor. This problem of moldability can be improved by reducing the amount of the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer or by reducing the maleic acid-modified rate of the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer. The compatibilizing effect is also reduced, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical strength of the obtained woody resin molded article.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and a wood-based resin molded product mainly containing a wood-based filler such as a polyolefin-based resin such as polypropylene and wood flour, The dispersibility of the filler is good, the adhesion between the wood-based filler and the polyolefin resin is good, and sufficient mechanical strength is exhibited. An object of the present invention is to provide a woody resin molded article that can be favorably molded without causing a problem that it adheres to a part and does not flow, and a decorative material using the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a wood resin molded product containing a polyolefin resin and a wood filler as main components, in which 80 to 15% by weight of the polyolefin resin and 20 to 85% by weight of the wood filler. There is provided a woody resin molded article characterized by comprising 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 600,000 per 100 parts by weight of a blend. .
[0007]
In addition, the present invention relates to a wood-based resin molded product containing a polyolefin-based resin and a wood-based filler as main components, in which 100 to 15 parts by weight of a blend of 80 to 15 wt% of a polyolefin-based resin and 20 to 85 wt% of a wood-based filler And 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 or less and 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a weight average molecular weight of 600,000 or more. The present invention provides a woody resin molded article characterized by being made.
[0008]
In addition, the present invention provides a decorative material characterized in that a decorative sheet mainly composed of a polyolefin resin is laminated on at least a part of the surface of any of the above-mentioned woody resin molded products.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The woody resin molded article of the present invention is a molded article composed of a composition in which a woody filler such as wood powder is dispersed as a filler in a polyolefin resin as a matrix resin, The mixing ratio of the resin and the wood-based filler is 80 to 15% by weight for the former and 20 to 85% by weight for the latter, and further, the polyolefin-based resin and the wood-based filler are well adhered. In order to improve dispersibility, a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer is blended as a compatibilizer.
[0010]
And, in the present invention, as the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer, a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 600,000 per 100 parts by weight of the blend of the polyolefin-based resin and the wood-based filler. 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, or 0.1 to 1 part by weight of those having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 or less, and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of those having a weight average molecular weight of 600,000 or more. And 3 parts by weight.
[0011]
As the molecular weight of the maleic acid-modified polypropylene compatibilizer decreases, the compatibilizing effect between the polyolefin resin and the wood-based filler increases, but the adhesion to metal also increases. Easy sticking and poor moldability. On the other hand, the larger the molecular weight, the lower the adhesion to metal and the more advantageous in terms of moldability, but the lower the reactivity and the poorer the effect of compatibilizing the polyolefin-based resin with the wood-based filler. As for the compounding amount, the larger the amount, the higher the compatibilizing effect but the worse the moldability. The smaller the amount, the better the moldability but the lower the compatibilizing effect.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above principle, and in the first invention, as the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer, particularly, those having a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 600,000 are selected. By setting the compounding amount in the range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, it is possible to minimize sticking to a screw or the like in a molding apparatus and to secure sufficient moldability while maintaining a polyolefin-based resin and a wood-based resin. It has been found that a sufficient effect of compatibilization with a filler can be obtained, and a woody resin molded article having good mechanical strength can be obtained.
[0013]
In the second invention, as the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer, those having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 or less and 600,000 or more are used in combination, and The former is within the range of 0.1 to 1 part by weight, and the latter is within the range of 0.5 to 3 parts by weight, thereby minimizing sticking to a screw or the like in the molding apparatus and ensuring sufficient formability. On the other hand, the present inventors have found that a compatibilizing effect between the polyolefin-based resin and the wood-based filler can be sufficiently obtained, and a wood-based resin molded article having good mechanical strength can be obtained.
[0014]
As is conventionally known, the maleic acid-modified polypropylene compatibilizer is obtained by adding a predetermined amount of maleic acid or an anhydride thereof to a polypropylene resin and graft-polymerizing the same. , A homopolypropylene resin, or other propylene, such as a random polypropylene resin, a block polypropylene resin, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, a propylene-α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-propylene-α-olefin copolymer, etc. May be an olefin-based copolymer containing as a main monomer component.
[0015]
As the polyolefin resin used in the present invention, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisoprene, polymethylpentene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ethylene -Ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer metal neutralized product (ionomer), or a mixture of two or more of them can be used as appropriate.
[0016]
Above all, homopolypropylene, random polypropylene, block polypropylene, propylene-α-olefin copolymers are required in terms of rigidity, surface hardness, dimensional stability (small coefficient of linear expansion) required as a base material for cosmetic materials and the like. The most suitable are polypropylene-based resins.
[0017]
The wood-based filler used in the present invention can be appropriately selected without particular limitation.In general, wood is broken by a cutter mill or the like, and the wood is crushed by a ball mill or an impeller mill or the like. And fine powder (wood flour).
[0018]
The average particle size of the wood-based filler is preferably about 1 to 200 μm, particularly preferably about 10 to 150 μm. Those having an average particle size of less than 1 μm are difficult to handle, and in particular, when the blending amount of the wood-based filler is large, if the dispersion in the resin is poor, the resulting wood-based resin molded article has a low mechanical strength. Degradation occurs. On the other hand, if it is larger than 200 μm, the homogeneity, flatness, mechanical strength and the like of the manufactured woody resin molded article are deteriorated.
[0019]
The woody resin molded article of the present invention may be foamed as necessary. As a foaming technique, any known technique can be used. In general, it can be classified into chemical foaming, which generates gas by thermal decomposition or chemical reaction, and physical foaming, which heats and vaporizes a low-boiling liquid.The chemical blowing agents include inorganic sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid. Ammonium, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrite, sodium borohydride, light metals, azide compounds, etc., and azo, nitroso, hydrazide and the like as organic foaming agents can be used in any combination. In particular, physical foaming is mainly used for foaming at a high foaming ratio exceeding 2 times, and carbon dioxide or aliphatic hydrocarbon is mainly used as a foaming agent. Also, at the time of physical foaming, a chemical foaming agent is often used in combination to adjust the cell shape of the foam.
[0020]
In the woody resin molded article of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned compatibilizers and foaming agents, if necessary, for example, heat stabilizers, acid neutralizers, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, coloring agents such as pigments or dyes , A filler, an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, a lubricant, a nucleating agent, a flame retardant, an antiblocking agent, a dehydrating agent, and a gloss adjusting agent.
[0021]
Among these additives, hindered phenol-based, sulfur-based, phosphorus-based, etc. as heat stabilizers, metal stearate, hydrotalcite, etc. as acid neutralizers, benzotriazole-based, benzoate-based as ultraviolet absorbers Examples of light stabilizers include hindered amines, and benzophenones and triazines.
[0022]
Halogen-based, phosphorus-based, chlorine-based, etc. as flame retardants, calcium carbonate, silica, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, alumina, talc, mica, magnesium silicate, iron oxide, carbon black, metal powder, etc. There is.
[0023]
Lubricants include hydrocarbons, fatty acids, higher alcohols, fatty acid amides, metal soaps, esters, silicones, fluorines, etc., and nucleating agents include metal carboxylate, sorbitol, and phosphate metal. Pigments such as salt-based pigments include azo pigments such as condensed azo, insoluble azo, quinacridone, isoindolinone, anthraquinone, imidazolone, phthalocyanine, carbon black, titanium oxide, iron oxide, cobalt blue, and mica. The agents can be used in any combination.
[0024]
In the present invention, the kneading of the polyolefin-based resin, the wood-based filler, the compatibilizer and other additives, which are the raw materials of the woody resin molded article, is not particularly limited, but the kneading is performed by a Banbury mixer and the pellet is formed by a pelletizer. And a method of mixing and pelletizing with a twin-screw extruder and kneader. In addition, since the wood-based filler having a high moisture content causes foaming during pelletization, it is preferable to dry the wood-based filler to a moisture content of about 8% by weight or less in advance using a drier or a hopper dryer before kneading. .
[0025]
The woody resin molded article of the present invention may be used as it is as a structural material for building or furniture, or may be used as it is or for decorative processing such as embossing or pattern printing on the surface or for building or furniture. In some cases, it is used as a cosmetic material. As the decorative processing in the latter, since it is generally difficult to directly apply pattern printing or the like to the surface of the woody resin molded article, decorative processing such as pattern printing was performed on a support such as a thermoplastic resin film prepared separately in advance. Most preferably, a decorative sheet is laminated on at least a part of the surface of the woody resin molded body (a place requiring decorative processing) to form a decorative material.
[0026]
At that time, if a decorative sheet mainly composed of a polyolefin resin which is a thermoplastic resin similar to the polyolefin resin contained in the wood resin molded article is used, when the used decorative material is recycled, It is not necessary to separate the resin molded product and the decorative sheet, and it can be reused as it is as a material for the wooden resin molded product. No molding failure occurs during molding at the time of recycling, and the recycled product has a wooden texture. There are advantages such as no loss or reduction in strength.
[0027]
Specific examples of the polyolefin resin constituting the decorative sheet include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polymethylpentene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer. Union, propylene-α-olefin copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, and those obtained by acid-modifying these for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer metal neutralized product (ionomer) Or a mixture of two or more thereof, a copolymer, etc., can be appropriately selected from various polyolefin-based resins, and a plurality of layers composed of the same or different polyolefin-based resins selected from these. Can also be used.
[0028]
The important points about the decorative sheet to be laminated are, as described above, the use of a polyolefin-based resin that is a thermoplastic resin similar to the polyolefin-based resin mainly contained in the woody resin molded article, and the grain, stone, cloth, The decorative sheet such as an abstract pattern or the like is subjected to decorative processing such as printing or embossing, so that the configuration of the decorative sheet itself is not restricted at all.
[0029]
This decorative sheet is, for example, a single-layer decorative sheet in which a colored sheet is subjected to pattern printing, a transparent sheet in which a colored sheet is subjected to pattern printing, and a transparent sheet laminated by a dry lamination method, an extrusion lamination method, a heat lamination method, or the like. It can be appropriately selected from a multi-layered decorative sheet or a back-printed single-layered decorative sheet in which the back of a transparent sheet is printed, depending on the application.
[0030]
At this time, if the decorative sheet has a sufficient concealing property, stable reproduction of the design is achieved, and if the decorative sheet has transparency, on the other hand, a design expression utilizing the woody feeling of the woody resin molded article can be realized.
[0031]
Inks used for printing patterns such as wood pattern of decorative sheets, patterns, colors, etc. may be used alone or individually as a binder, such as nitrified cotton, cellulose, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, acrylic, and polyester. What is necessary is just to select suitably from denatured products. These may be aqueous, solvent-based, or emulsion-type, and may be arbitrarily selected from a one-pack type and a two-pack type using a curing agent. Further, it is also possible to cure the ink by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, electron beams or the like.
[0032]
Among them, the most common method is a method of curing with urethane-based ink using isocyanate. In addition to these binders, coloring agents such as pigments and dyes, extenders, solvents and various additives contained in ordinary inks are added. Particularly used pigments include pearl pigments such as condensed azo, insoluble azo, quinacridone, isoindolinone, anthraquinone, imidazolone, phthalocyanine, carbon black, titanium oxide, iron oxide, cobalt blue, and mica.
[0033]
In addition, in any of the decorative sheets, a primer coat for bonding to a wooden resin molded article, a top coat for surface protection and gloss adjustment, a conduit expression by an embossing method, a gloss matting method, and the like are applied. It does not matter. As the additive used for the polyolefin-based resin layer in the decorative sheet, the same additive as that used in the woody resin molded article can be appropriately used.
[0034]
The thickness of the decorative sheet is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of about 0.05 to 0.3 mm. The method of laminating the decorative sheet and the woody resin molded article is not particularly limited, for example, a dry laminating method or a wet laminating method with an adhesive, a thermal laminating method with or without an adhesive, an ultrasonic fusion method, or a high frequency A conventionally known method such as a fusion bonding method, a simultaneous molding lamination method in which a decorative sheet is introduced into a mold at the time of molding a woody resin molded article, and bonded together, can be arbitrarily used.
[0035]
On the side surface of the woody resin molded body as the base material of the decorative material of the present invention, a fitting structure such as male and female for connecting the decorative materials to each other may be provided. When the wooden resin molded article is foamed, it is desirable that the fitting structure portion be in a non-foamed or low-foamed state in order to secure strength and dimensional accuracy of the fitting structure portion. When the fitting structure portion is provided on the side surface, even in the fitting structure portion, at least in the fitting connection state, the portion of the woody resin molded body that is visible from the decorative surface (the surface exposed to the outside) side It is desirable to laminate decorative sheets continuously from the decorative surface.
[0036]
When recycling the decorative material of the present invention, the whole decorative material is pulverized as it is without peeling and removing the decorative sheet laminated on the surface, and if necessary, wood-based filler, polyolefin-based resin, various additives And the like can be appropriately added and pelletized again, and this can be reused as a material for molding a wooden resin molded article. Also in this case, the method of kneading the pellets, the method of forming pellets, the method of molding, and the like are not particularly limited. Also, instead of re-pelletizing, the crushed material is directly input into a molding machine as a molding material for a woody resin molded product, or a wood-based filler, a polyolefin-based resin, and various additives are used together with the crushed material when molding the woody resin molded product. Of course, it is also possible to put the materials into a molding machine at the same time, and knead and mold in the molding machine.
[0037]
【Example】
Hereinafter, specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described.
[0038]
Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4
Wood powder with an average particle size of 100 μm, homopolypropylene resin, calcium stearate-based lubricant, calcium oxide-based dehydrating agent, sodium bicarbonate-based chemical blowing agent, acrylic-modified polytetrafluoroethylene-based lubricant, and maleic acid-modified polypropylene Formulated with a compatibilizer (medium molecular weight type = weight average molecular weight about 150,000, low molecular weight type = about 12,000 and high molecular weight type = about 780,000) in the ratios shown in Table 1 Using a single-screw extruder, the obtained woody resin composition was extruded into a flat plate having a thickness of 6 mm and a width of 300 mm with a rectangular cross section while being foamed to an average foaming ratio of 1.4 by the Celca method. A woody resin molded article of the present invention was produced. However, Comparative Examples 1 and 4 could not be molded. The quality of the take-off during molding and the presence or absence of resin adhering to the screw in the molding machine were evaluated, and the obtained molded product was evaluated for thickness unevenness and surface properties (presence or absence of surface distortion). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004155980
[0040]
A polyolefin resin-based decorative sheet having a thickness of 0.2 mm was adhered to the surfaces of the woody resin molded products of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 to prepare a decorative material. When this decorative material was applied to a concrete slab surface as a floor material, the decorative materials of Examples 1 and 2 had no problem in both appearance and function, but the decorative materials of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had surface distortion. In particular, it is not conspicuous in oblique light observation and is not satisfactory in terms of design.Moreover, there is a gap between the concrete slab surface due to uneven thickness, and noise is generated when walking. When it was hit with a mallet or the like, it was easily broken and had a problem in strength.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the woody resin molded article of the present invention has a molecular weight and an addition amount of the maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer in a specific range, thereby improving the adhesion between the polyolefin-based resin and the wood-based filler. , The dispersibility is sufficient, the mechanical strength is excellent, and the adhesion to metal is suppressed, so that the resin does not stick to the screw in the molding machine at the time of molding, it is also excellent in moldability, This has a remarkable effect that a molded article excellent in dimensional accuracy and appearance design can be easily obtained.

Claims (3)

ポリオレフィン系樹脂及び木質系充填剤を主成分とする木質樹脂成形体において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂80〜15重量%及び木質系充填剤20〜85重量%の配合物100重量部当たり、重量平均分子量20,000〜600,000のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤が0.5〜5重量部配合されてなることを特徴とする木質樹脂成形体。In a woody resin molded product containing a polyolefin-based resin and a wood-based filler as main components, a weight-average molecular weight of 20, 20 wt. A wood-based resin molded product comprising from 000 to 600,000 of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer in an amount of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight. ポリオレフィン系樹脂及び木質系充填剤を主成分とする木質樹脂成形体において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂80〜15重量%及び木質系充填剤20〜85重量%の配合物100重量部当たり、重量平均分子量20,000以下のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤0.1〜1重量部及び重量平均分子量600,000以上のマレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン系相溶化剤0.5〜3重量部が配合されてなることを特徴とする木質樹脂成形体。In a woody resin molded product containing a polyolefin-based resin and a wood-based filler as main components, a weight-average molecular weight of 20, 20 wt. 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a molecular weight of 000 or less and 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based compatibilizer having a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000 or more. Woody resin molded article. 請求項1又は2に記載の木質樹脂成形体の表面の少なくとも一部に、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とする化粧シートが積層されてなることを特徴とする化粧材。A decorative material comprising a decorative sheet mainly composed of a polyolefin resin laminated on at least a part of the surface of the woody resin molded product according to claim 1 or 2.
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JP2017025576A (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-02-02 凸版印刷株式会社 Floor decorative sheet and floor decorative material
JP7476635B2 (en) 2020-04-14 2024-05-01 Toppanホールディングス株式会社 Wood substrate and method for producing wood substrate

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