JP2004121144A - Method for collecting mononucleosis - Google Patents

Method for collecting mononucleosis Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004121144A
JP2004121144A JP2002292614A JP2002292614A JP2004121144A JP 2004121144 A JP2004121144 A JP 2004121144A JP 2002292614 A JP2002292614 A JP 2002292614A JP 2002292614 A JP2002292614 A JP 2002292614A JP 2004121144 A JP2004121144 A JP 2004121144A
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Prior art keywords
cells
filter
cell
mononuclear
solution
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tomoko Tsutsumi
堤 智子
Shuji Terajima
寺嶋 修司
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Asahi Kasei Medical Co Ltd
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Asahi Medical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for collecting mononucleosis by efficiently removing erythrocytes from a cell group containing the mononucleosis such as marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood, and the erythrocytes required to be removed. <P>SOLUTION: The method for collecting the mononucleosis comprises introducing a liquid of the cell group to a filter to capture the mononucleosis by the filter, rinsing the filter with a rinse liquid containing 1.5-25 wt.% albumin, and introducing a mononucleosis-collecting liquid thereto to collect the mononucleosis. A physiological salt solution containing the albumin in the above concentration is used as the rinse liquid, and a solution or the like of a dextran in the physiological salt solution is used as the mononucleosis-collecting liquid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、細胞集団から単核球を分離・回収する方法に関する。より、詳細には、細胞集団を単核球捕捉フィルターで捕捉し、単核球以外の細胞をリンス液により除去し、単核球を高率に回収する方法及びこの方法に用いられるリンス液に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、全血輸血に代わって、全血から赤血球、血小板、白血球を選択的に取り出し、治療に必要な血球成分を輸血する成分輸血が行われるようになった。また最近では、白血病などの造血器腫瘍及び固形癌の化学療法における副作用である造血障害に対して、末梢血、骨髄、臍帯血の中の造血幹細胞を移植することが盛んに行われている。臍帯血幹細胞は、他の造血幹細胞移植、すなわち、骨髄移植あるいは末梢血幹細胞移植のようにドナーから採取されてすぐ患者に移植されることはまれであるので、採取時から使用時まで保存しておくことが必要である。臍帯血は凍結保存に際し、解凍後に溶血する赤血球による副作用を防止し、凍結保存時の体積を小さくする目的で、有核細胞を分離し、赤血球を除去すべきであるとされており、現在はほとんどの場合で分離保存が行われている(非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
血液から治療に必要な血球成分を分離する方法として、従来、比重液(例えばファルマシア社製Ficoll)を用いる比重遠心法が採用されているが、この方法は比重液に原料細胞を重層させる際に液面を乱してはならない等、非常に熟練を要する煩雑な操作である。特許文献1、特許文献2等には、この方法の操作の煩雑さを解決すべく多くの試みが開示されているが、比重液を用いるという点では同じであり、抜本的な解決には至っていない。また、ヒドロキシエチルスターチと混和して、赤血球の連銭形成により赤血球を沈降させ、白血球層を分離する方法があるが、この方法も作業が煩雑であり、分離性能も十分とは言えない。
【0004】
これらに代わる簡便な方法としてフィルター法が検討されており、特許文献3には、血液中の回収必要細胞をフィルターに捕捉し、回収液をフィルターに通液することにより回収必要細胞を回収する方法が開示されている。この方法はきわめて単純、短時間の操作であるため有用性が高いが、フィルター内に除去対象細胞である赤血球が残存する為、凍結保存時の体積を小さくするには限界がある。
【0005】
これらの問題を解決すべく、特許文献4では除去対象細胞を高率に除く方法として生理食塩液でリンスする方法について記載されている。しかしながら、本発明者らが検討したところ、処理する細胞集団液量が少ない場合には単核球の捕捉率および回収率は低下しないが、細胞集団液量が多い場合には単核球の捕捉率も回収率も低下することが分かった。
【0006】
更に特許文献5には1%ウシ血清アルブミン(以下BSAと略す)加PBS溶液が、非特許文献2には0.5%ヒト血清アルブミン(以下HSAと略す)加生理食塩液が記載されている。しかしながら、これらの先行技術には、リンス液に用いる生理的溶液の一組成が記載されているに過ぎず、リンス液組成が細胞分離に与える影響については何も知られていなかった。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開昭61−84577号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平2−134564号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平8−104643号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平11−56351号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平8−108069号公報
【非特許文献1】
編集:原田実根、薗田精昭、高上洋一、末梢血幹細胞移植−基礎から臨床まで、
発行:南江堂、発行年月日:1995年6月25日、173頁
【非特許文献2】
L.DAL CORTIVO,J.Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research, 9, Mary  Ann Liebert,2000,P885 −890
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、1つのフィルターを用いて、単核球と少なくとも赤血球を含む除去対象細胞とを含む細胞集団から単核球を選択的に採取するに際して、赤血球を含む除去対象細胞を高率に除去し単核球を高率に回収することのできる単核球の採取方法を提供することにある。
さらに、本発明の他の課題は、除去対象細胞を高率に除去し、単核球の回収率を高めることのできるリンス液を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決すべくリンス液の組成という観点から鋭意検討した。その結果、リンス液にアルブミンを1.5〜25%含有させることにより単核球の捕捉率を落とさずに赤血球を大幅に減らすことができ、その後の回収操作においても単核球の回収率を大きく向上させることができることを見出し、本発明を得るに至った。
【0010】
即ち、本発明は、次の(1)〜(3)の単核球の採取方法及びその方法に使用するリンス液に関する。
(1)単核球と、少なくとも赤血球を含む除去対象細胞とを含む細胞集団を、少なくとも単核球を捕捉する単核球捕捉フィルターに導入し、次に1.5〜25wt%のアルブミンを含むリンス液を該単核球捕捉フィルターに導入した後、単核球回収液を単核球捕捉フィルターに導入して単核球を採取することよりなる単核球の採取方法。
(2)前記単核球が造血幹細胞を含む前記(1)記載の単核球採取方法。
(3)1.5〜25wt%のアルブミンを含む生理的溶液からなる、除去対象細胞を除去するために用いるリンス液。
【0011】
本発明によれば、1つのフィルターを用いて、少なくとも単核球および赤血球を含む細胞集団から単核球を選択的に採取するに際し、赤血球を含む除去対象細胞を高率に除去することができ、さらに単核球を高率に回収することができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明でいう単核球とは、円形に近い核を有する白血球のことであり、造血幹細胞、骨髄系幹細胞、リンパ球系幹細胞、単球マクロファージ前駆細胞、成熟した単球、リンパ球のことをいう。
【0013】
本発明でいう細胞集団とは、分離回収を必要とする細胞と除去を必要とする細胞とを混在して含む細胞集団である。具体的には、分離回収を必要とする細胞とは、骨髄、末梢血、臍帯血等の造血幹細胞移植や免疫療法等に有用な細胞のことであり、より具体的には単核球のことをいう。また、除去を必要とする細胞とは、単核球と混在していると凍結解凍時の破壊細胞によるドナーへの副作用や単核球の低回収等の悪影響を及ぼす細胞のことであり、例えば、赤血球、血小板、顆粒球、ならびにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
このように、本発明では、少なくとも単核球と除去対象細胞とを混在して含むものを細胞集団と称し、その例としては、骨髄、末梢血、臍帯血あるいはこれらを遠心分離等により粗分離したものが挙げられる。
【0014】
本発明における単核球捕捉フィルターに細胞集団を導入する方法としては、落差による方法、シリンジで押し込む方法、バッグを押しつぶす方法、ローラーポンプを用いる方法等が挙げられる。
【0015】
本発明で使用する細胞集団液は、細胞集団液量/(フィルター容積/濾材空隙率)が1.0〜40.0の範囲内であることが好ましい。1.0以下であると細胞集団がフィルターを通過するのに十分な量でなく、回収必要細胞が十分に得られない。また、40.0以上であると回収必要細胞がフィルターから漏洩する。
なお、ここ でいう濾材空隙率は、下記の算出式で定義する。

Figure 2004121144
濾材を2種類以上使用する場合の濾材空隙率は、各濾材毎に(濾材の重量)(g)/(濾材の比重)(g/cm)を計算し、その合計をフィルター内で全濾材の占める空間容積で除し、1 から引いた値とする。
【0016】
本発明でいう単核球捕捉フィルターとは、単核球を実質的に捕捉し、除去対象細胞を実質的に通過させる及び/又はリンス液で洗い流されるフィルターのことであり、濾材を容器に充填したものが挙げられる。
本発明でいう除去対象細胞を実質的に通過させるとは、細胞集団中の除去対象細胞の60%以上を通過させることをいう。
【0017】
容器とは、成型容器で、容器内面に細胞捕捉面が存在するものであり、しかも成型性や滅菌性に優れ、細胞毒性が低いものが好ましい。例示すると、ポリエチレン、 ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂、ナイロン、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリウレタン等の合成高分子、ハイドロキシアパタイト、ガラス、アルミナ、チタニア等の無機材料、ステンレス、チタン、アルミニウム等の金属があげられる。成型性や滅菌性の点から、ポリエチレン、 ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネートが特に好ましい。
【0018】
濾材としては、水不溶性であればいかなる材質でも使用可能であるが、成形性、滅菌性や細胞毒性が低いという点で好ましいものを例示すると、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂、 ナイロン、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリウレタン等の合成高分子、アガロース、セルロース、酢酸セルロース、キチン、キトサン、アルギン酸塩等の天然高分子、ハイドロキシアパタイト、ガラス、アルミナ、チタニア等の無機材料、ステンレス、チタン等の金属等が挙げられる。成形の容易さ、安定性の点から、素材はポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステルが特に好ましい。
【0019】
濾材の形状としては、粒状、繊維塊、織布、不織布、平板、スポンジ状多孔質体等があげられ、何れを用いても構わないが、体積あたりの表面積が大きいという点で繊維塊、織布、不織布、スポンジ状多孔質体が好ましい。最も好ましくは不織布である。
なお、前記の濾材はこのままでも用いられるが、必要に応じて濾材表面に化学的な改質を加えても良い。例えば、アミノ酸、ペプチド、糖タンパク(抗体、接着分子等のバイオリガンドを含む)といったリガンドを表面に固定することで、特定の細胞に対して親和性を高めることができる。また、例えばヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートを主成分とする合成高分子等で濾材表面に血小板通過性を付与することもできる(特公平6−51060号公報参照)。
【0020】
本発明におけるリンス液は、フィルターに捕捉された単核球が剥離しにくく、一方で除去対象細胞を効率よく洗い流すものである。具体的には、生理的溶液であって、市販の生理食塩液、D−PBS(ダルベッコリン酸緩衝液)やHBSS(ハンクス液)等の緩衝液にアルブミンを特定濃度で溶解したものである。
【0021】
アルブミンの濃度は1.5〜25wt%であることが必要であり、より好ましくは1.5〜15wt%、最も好ましくは1.5〜10wt%である。単核球は濾材にアルブミンなどの血漿タンパク質を介してフィルターに捕捉されると推定されるが、リンス液のアルブミン濃度が1.5%未満だと単核球が捕捉されるのに十分なアルブミン濃度でなく、単核球がリンス液とともに洗い流され回収率が低下する。反対に、アルブミン濃度が25%を超えると、アルブミンを溶解させるのが困難であり、しかも、アルブミンが溶液中で不安定となって析出しやすいので好ましくない。
また、アルブミンには、単核球を圧力や剪断応力による損傷などから保護する効果も期待できるため、この理由からもアルブミン溶液はリンス液として好適に使用できる。
【0022】
本発明でいうアルブミンとは、動・植物の細胞、体液中に含まれる一群の可溶性タンパク質の総称であり、卵白中に含まれるオボアルブミン、乳中のラクトアルブミン、血清アルブミンなどが挙げられる。リンス液に用いるものとして好ましいのは、HSA(ヒト血清アルブミン)、BSA(ウシ血清アルブミン)、これらの遺伝子組み替え品、自己血漿などであるが、最も好ましくはHSAである。アルブミンの性状としては、液状、粉末状があるがどちらでもよく、粉末状であれば生理食塩液やPBS(−)などの生理的溶液に溶解したものを原液として使用する。
【0023】
本発明で使用するリンス液は、リンス液量/(フィルター容積/濾材空隙率)が0.3〜7.0の範囲内であることが好ましい。0.3以下ではフィルター内に残った除去対象細胞を十分に除ける量ではなく、また7.0以上では捕捉された回収必要細胞も除かれてしまう。
【0024】
単核球捕捉フィルターに細胞集団を導入した後、除去対象細胞を前記のリンス液で洗い去る。その場合の濾材を流れるリンス液の線速としては、5cm/分以下であることが好ましい。線速が5cm/分より速いと単核球回収率が大きく低下する。これは単核球が濾材の孔の奥に入り込み、回収操作時孔の奥に入り込んだ単核球を十分に回収しにくく、回収率が低下すると推定される。単核球捕捉フィルターにリンス液を導入する方法としては特に限定はしないが、シリンジポンプ、ブラッドポンプ、ペリスタポンプ等の装置を用いて一定でかつ低速で流すのが好ましい。落差でも前記条件で流すことができるのであればそれでもよい。
【0025】
本発明で用いる単核球回収液としては、単核球の損傷がなく、且つ高率に回収可能なものが好ましい。 好ましいものを例示すると、市販の生理食塩液、PBS(−)(リン酸緩衝液)やHBSS(ハンクス液)等の緩衝液、RPMI1640等の細胞培養用培地、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール等の合成高分子溶液、メチルセルロース、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシエチルスターチ、デキストラン、キチン誘導体、コラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、アルブミン、グロブリン等の天然高分子溶液、グルコース、サッカロース、マルトース、ソルビトール、グリセリン、ジメチルスルホキシド等の有機物溶液及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。また、2価カチオンを除去して細胞剥離を容易にする目的でキレート剤が含有されていてもよい。
【0026】
デキストランやヒドロキシエチルスターチ等の高分子溶液は凍害保護剤としても機能するため、そのまま或いはDMSO等の凍害保護剤を更に添加することで凍結保存も可能である上、生理食塩液等に比し粘性を上げることができ、回収時の剪断応力を向上できるため、好結果を得ており、単核球回収液としてより好ましい。
【0027】
本発明で用いる単核球回収液は、単核球回収液量/(フィルター容積/濾材空隙率)は0.7〜15.0の範囲内であることが好ましい。0.7以下ではフィルターに捕捉された細胞を十分に回収できる量でなく、十分な回収率が得られない。また、15.0以上では、それ以上単核球回収液量を増やしても回収必要細胞の回収率に変化は見られない。
【0028】
本発明で行う回収方法としては、特に限定しないが、単核球回収液の流速は剪断応力を高め、単核球を高率で回収するためにできるだけ高速が好ましいが、内圧上昇による単核球捕捉フィルターとチューブ等の接続部のはずれや、単核球へのダメージを起こさない流速に制御することが好ましい。また、単核球回収液を単核球捕捉フィルターに導入する手段は、シリンジポンプ、ブラッドポンプ、ペリスタポンプ等の装置を用いるものや、簡便法としてシリンジを手で押す方法、液体を貯留したバッグを押しつぶして液流を惹起する方法、落差処理等が挙げられる。更に、単核球の回収率をより高めるために、フィルターに振動を加えるとか、ストップドフロー等を行ってもよい。又、特開平2001−069966号公報に記載されている回収治具を使用すると、一定の流速で回収することができ、より好ましい。
本発明を実施する環境温度は、特に記載がない限り、5〜37℃の範囲内で行なう。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の実施例を比較例と共に示すが、本発明はこれらにより限定されるものではない。
【実施例1】
1.単核球捕捉フィルターの作製
上容器と下容器からなり、組み立てた後の内寸が縦30mm、横30mm、高さ12mm(有効濾過断面積9cm、内容積11cm)で液体流出口と液体流入口を有するポリカーボネート製容器の入口側から、第1層目に平均繊維径2.3μm、目付60g/mのポリエステル不織布18枚を、第2層目に平均繊維径12μm、目付100g/mのポリエステル不織布16枚を、上容器と下容器の周辺で挟み込むように充填して容器入口側空間と出口側空間に分離した。
なお、この単核球捕捉フィルター内に充填された不織布の濾材空隙率は0.91で、充填密度は、第1層目が0.22g/cm、 第2層目が0.29g/cmであった。
【0030】
また、該単核球捕捉フィルターに血小板通過性を付与する目的で、親水性ポリマーのコーティングを行った。即ち、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート・ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート共重合体(モル比で97:3)の1%エタノール溶液を該単核球捕捉フィルターの液体流入口から通液し、窒素ガスで余分なポリマー溶液をパージした後、60℃で8時間以上真空乾燥機で乾燥させた。
【0031】
2.細胞分離操作
この単核球捕捉フィルターに、CPD(クエン酸・リン酸・デキストロース)加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを液体流入口から落差により通液して単核球を捕捉した後、同じく液体流入口からフィルター内に残存する赤血球、血小板をHSA(ヒト血清アルブミン)を1.5%含有する生理食塩液10mlを落差で通液してリンスした。濾過した血液及びフィルター内を通ったリンス液はドレインボトルに回収した。その後、市販の10%デキストラン生理食塩水溶液(小林製薬「デキストラン40注」)にHSAを3%になるように添加した液体18ml+エアー19mlを液体流出口から通液し、液体流入口から単核球を回収した。
【0032】
3.分析
本細胞分離操作での細胞数のカウントは多項目自動血球分析装置(シスメックス社SF3000)を用いて測定し、単核球捕捉率、単核球回収率、赤血球除去率を算出した。尚、捕捉率、回収率、除去率は以下の式で算出した。
捕捉率(%)=100−100×(ドレイン液中細胞数 /元細胞数)
回収率(%)=100×(単核球回収液中細胞数/元細胞数)
除去率(%)=100−100×(単核球回収液中細胞数/元細胞数)
【0033】
また、in vitro造血機能アッセイとして公知のメチルセルロース培地(Stem Cell Technologies社製Methocult GF4434V)を用いるコロニーアッセイを原料血液、回収後細胞液について行い、コロニー形成細胞回収率を以下の式で算出した。
コロニー形成細胞回収率(%)=細胞分離操作後の白血球回収率×〔(回収後細胞液のコロニー数/播種細胞数)/(原料血液のコロニー数/播種細胞数)〕
【0034】
4.結果
表1に示す。
【0035】
【実施例2】
1.細胞分離フィルターの作製
実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。
2.細胞分離操作
CPD加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを実施例1と同様の方法で細胞分離操作を行い、リンス液として5%HSA加生理食塩液10mlを流した。
3.分析
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
4.結果
表1に示す。
【0036】
【実施例3】
1.細胞分離フィルターの作製
実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。
2.細胞分離操作
CPD加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを実施例1と同様の方法で細胞分離操作を行い、リンス液として25%HSA液10mlを流した。
3.分析
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
4.結果
表1に示す。
【0037】
【比較例1】
1.細胞分離フィルターの作製
実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。
2.細胞分離操作
CPD加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを実施例1と同様の方法で細胞分離操作を行い、リンス液として生理食塩液10mlを流した。
3.分析
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
4.結果
表1に示す。
【0038】
【比較例2】
1.細胞分離フィルターの作製
実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。
2.細胞分離操作
CPD加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを実施例1と同様の方法で細胞分離操作を行い、リンス液として0.5%HSA加生理食塩液10mlを流した。
3.分析
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
4.結果
表1に示す。
【0039】
【比較例3】
1.細胞分離フィルターの作製
実施例1と同様のフィルターを作製した。
2.細胞分離操作
細胞分離フィルターに、CPD加ヒト臍帯血70〜200mlを液体流入口から落差により通液して単核球を捕捉した後、フィルターにリンス液を通液させず、市販の10%デキストラン生理食塩水溶液(小林製薬「デキストラン40注」)にHSAを3%になるように添加した液体18ml+エアー19mlを液体流出口から通液し、液体流入口から単核球を回収した。
3.分析
実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
4.結果
表1に示す
【0040】
【表1】
Figure 2004121144
【0041】
実施例1〜3では、アルブミンを含まないリンス液を用いる比較例1、アルブミン濃度の低い比較例2に比べ単核球捕捉率および回収率、コロニー形成細胞回収率はリンスをしない比較例3と比べても同等の高い値を維持していた。
また、実施例1〜3の赤血球除去率はリンスを行う比較例1、2と同等であり、リンスを行わない比較例3に比べて有意に高い結果となった。
このように、リンス液にアルブミンを加えた場合、細胞集団液量が多くても単核球を高率に回収でき、赤血球を高率に除去することができた。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の単核球の採取方法およびリンス液により、簡便な操作で細胞集団から除去対象細胞を高率に除去するだけでなく、単核球を高率に回収できる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for separating and recovering mononuclear cells from a cell population. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for capturing a cell population with a mononuclear cell capture filter, removing cells other than mononuclear cells with a rinsing liquid, and recovering mononuclear cells at a high rate, and a rinsing liquid used in this method. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, instead of whole blood transfusion, component blood transfusion for selectively extracting red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells from whole blood and transfusing blood cell components necessary for treatment has been performed. Recently, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and umbilical cord blood has been actively performed for hematopoietic disorders, which are side effects of chemotherapy for hematopoietic tumors such as leukemia and solid cancer. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are rarely transplanted to patients immediately after being collected from a donor like other hematopoietic stem cell transplants, i.e., bone marrow transplants or peripheral blood stem cell transplants. It is necessary to put. It is said that umbilical cord blood should be separated from nucleated cells and red blood cells should be removed for the purpose of cryopreservation in order to prevent the side effects of red blood cells that lyse after thawing and to reduce the volume during cryopreservation. In most cases, separation and storage are performed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0003]
Conventionally, as a method for separating blood cell components necessary for treatment from blood, a specific gravity centrifugation method using a specific gravity liquid (for example, Ficoll manufactured by Pharmacia) has been adopted. However, this method is used when layering raw material cells on the specific gravity liquid. This is a complicated operation that requires extremely skill, such as not disturbing the liquid level. Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 disclose many attempts to solve the complexity of the operation of this method, but they are the same in that a specific gravity liquid is used, leading to a drastic solution. Not in. In addition, there is a method in which red blood cells are sedimented by mixing with hydroxyethyl starch to form red blood cells in a roulette, and a white blood cell layer is separated. However, this method is also complicated, and the separation performance is not sufficient.
[0004]
As a simple alternative to these methods, a filter method is being studied. Patent Document 3 discloses a method of collecting cells that need to be collected by capturing cells that need to be collected in blood on a filter and passing the collected solution through the filter. Is disclosed. Although this method is extremely simple and requires only a short time to operate, it is highly useful. However, since red blood cells to be removed remain in the filter, there is a limit in reducing the volume during cryopreservation.
[0005]
In order to solve these problems, Patent Literature 4 describes a method of rinsing with a physiological saline solution as a method of removing cells to be removed at a high rate. However, the present inventors have studied that when the amount of the cell population to be treated is small, the capture rate and the recovery rate of mononuclear cells do not decrease, but when the volume of the cell population is large, the capture of mononuclear cells is Both the rate and the recovery were found to decrease.
[0006]
Further, Patent Document 5 describes a PBS solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin (hereinafter abbreviated as BSA), and Non-Patent Document 2 describes a physiological saline solution containing 0.5% human serum albumin (hereinafter abbreviated as HSA). . However, these prior arts only describe one composition of the physiological solution used for the rinsing solution, and nothing was known about the influence of the rinsing solution composition on cell separation.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-61-84577 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-134564 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-104463 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-11-56351 [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-8-108069 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Editor: Mine Harada, Yoshiaki Sonoda, Yoichi Takagami, Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation-From Basic to Clinical,
Published: Nankodo, Date of issue: June 25, 1995, p. 173 [Non-Patent Document 2]
L. DAL CORTIVO, J.A. Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research, 9, Mary Ann Liebert, 2000, P885-890.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to selectively collect mononuclear cells from a cell population containing mononuclear cells and cells to be removed containing at least erythrocytes by using one filter, and to efficiently remove cells to be removed containing erythrocytes. The present invention provides a method for collecting mononuclear cells capable of recovering mononuclear cells at a high rate.
Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a rinse liquid capable of removing cells to be removed at a high rate and increasing the recovery rate of mononuclear cells.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies from the viewpoint of the composition of the rinsing liquid in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, erythrocytes can be significantly reduced without decreasing the capture rate of mononuclear cells by including albumin in the rinse solution at 1.5 to 25%, and the recovery rate of mononuclear cells can be reduced even in the subsequent recovery operation. They have found that they can be greatly improved, and have come to the present invention.
[0010]
That is, the present invention relates to the following mononuclear cell collection methods (1) to (3) and a rinsing solution used in the method.
(1) A cell population containing mononuclear cells and cells to be removed containing at least erythrocytes is introduced into a mononuclear cell capture filter that captures at least mononuclear cells, and then contains 1.5 to 25 wt% albumin. A method for collecting mononuclear cells, comprising: introducing a rinse solution into the mononuclear cell capture filter, and then introducing a mononuclear cell recovery solution into the mononuclear cell capture filter to collect mononuclear cells.
(2) The method for collecting mononuclear cells according to (1), wherein the mononuclear cells include hematopoietic stem cells.
(3) A rinsing solution used for removing cells to be removed, comprising a physiological solution containing 1.5 to 25 wt% albumin.
[0011]
According to the present invention, when one cell is used to selectively collect mononuclear cells from a cell population containing at least mononuclear cells and erythrocytes, cells to be removed containing erythrocytes can be removed at a high rate. In addition, mononuclear cells can be recovered at a high rate.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The mononuclear cell in the present invention is a leukocyte having a nucleus close to a circle, and refers to hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid stem cells, lymphoid stem cells, monocyte macrophage precursor cells, mature monocytes, and lymphocytes. Say.
[0013]
The cell population referred to in the present invention is a cell population containing cells that require separation and recovery and cells that require removal in a mixed manner. Specifically, cells requiring separation and recovery are cells useful for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, etc., immunotherapy, etc., and more specifically, mononuclear cells. Say. In addition, the cells that need to be removed are, when mixed with mononuclear cells, cells that have adverse effects such as side effects on the donor due to disrupted cells during freeze-thawing or low recovery of mononuclear cells, for example, Erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and mixtures thereof.
Thus, in the present invention, a cell population containing at least mononuclear cells and cells to be removed is referred to as a cell population, and examples thereof include bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, and crude separation thereof by centrifugation or the like. What was done.
[0014]
Examples of a method for introducing a cell population into the mononuclear cell capturing filter in the present invention include a method using a head, a method using a syringe, a method using a bag, a method using a roller pump, and the like.
[0015]
The cell population liquid used in the present invention preferably has a cell population liquid amount / (filter volume / filter medium porosity) in the range of 1.0 to 40.0. When the ratio is less than 1.0, the amount of the cell population is not sufficient to pass through the filter, and the cells that need to be collected cannot be sufficiently obtained. If it is 40.0 or more, cells that need to be collected leak from the filter.
The porosity of the filter medium is defined by the following formula.
Figure 2004121144
When two or more types of filter media are used, the porosity of the filter media is calculated as (weight of filter media) (g) / (specific gravity of filter media) (g / cm 3 ) for each filter media, and the total is calculated as the total filter media in the filter. Divided by 1 and subtracted from 1.
[0016]
The mononuclear cell capture filter as referred to in the present invention is a filter which substantially captures mononuclear cells, substantially allows the cells to be removed to pass through, and / or is washed away with a rinsing solution. What was done.
Substantially passing the cells to be removed in the present invention means passing at least 60% of the cells to be removed in the cell population.
[0017]
The container is a molded container having a cell trapping surface on the inner surface of the container, and is preferably one having excellent moldability and sterility and low cytotoxicity. For example, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, nylon, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacrylamide, and polyurethane; inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite, glass, alumina, and titania; and metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum. can give. From the viewpoint of moldability and sterility, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polycarbonate are particularly preferred.
[0018]
As the filter medium, any material can be used as long as it is water-insoluble.However, preferable examples in terms of moldability, sterility and low cytotoxicity include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, nylon, polyester, and the like. Synthetic polymers such as polycarbonate, polyacrylamide, and polyurethane; natural polymers such as agarose, cellulose, cellulose acetate, chitin, chitosan, and alginate; inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite, glass, alumina, and titania; and metals such as stainless steel and titanium And the like. In terms of ease of molding and stability, the material is particularly preferably polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, or polyester.
[0019]
Examples of the shape of the filter medium include granules, fiber masses, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, flat plates, sponge-like porous materials, and the like. Any of these may be used. Cloth, non-woven fabric and sponge-like porous body are preferred. Most preferably, it is a nonwoven fabric.
Although the above-mentioned filter medium is used as it is, if necessary, the surface of the filter medium may be chemically modified. For example, by immobilizing a ligand such as an amino acid, a peptide, or a glycoprotein (including a bioligand such as an antibody or an adhesion molecule) on the surface, the affinity for a specific cell can be increased. In addition, platelet permeability can be imparted to the surface of the filter medium with, for example, a synthetic polymer containing hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a main component (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-51060).
[0020]
The rinsing solution in the present invention is one that makes it difficult for the mononuclear cells captured by the filter to peel off, while efficiently washing away the cells to be removed. Specifically, it is a physiological solution in which albumin is dissolved at a specific concentration in a buffer solution such as a commercially available physiological saline solution, D-PBS (Dulbecco's phosphate buffer) or HBSS (Hank's solution).
[0021]
The concentration of albumin needs to be 1.5 to 25 wt%, more preferably 1.5 to 15 wt%, and most preferably 1.5 to 10 wt%. Although mononuclear cells are presumed to be captured by the filter via a plasma protein such as albumin in the filter medium, if the albumin concentration of the rinsing solution is less than 1.5%, sufficient albumin is required to capture mononuclear cells. The mononuclear cells, but not the concentration, are washed away with the rinsing solution and the recovery is reduced. Conversely, if the albumin concentration exceeds 25%, it is difficult to dissolve the albumin, and the albumin becomes unstable in the solution and tends to precipitate, which is not preferable.
In addition, albumin can be expected to have an effect of protecting mononuclear cells from damage due to pressure or shear stress. For this reason, the albumin solution can be suitably used as a rinsing solution.
[0022]
Albumin in the present invention is a general term for a group of soluble proteins contained in animal and plant cells and body fluids, and includes ovalbumin contained in egg white, lactalbumin in milk and serum albumin. Preferred examples of the rinsing solution include HSA (human serum albumin), BSA (bovine serum albumin), genetically modified products thereof, and autologous plasma. Most preferred is HSA. Albumin may be in the form of a liquid or a powder, but either may be used. In the case of a powder, an albumin dissolved in a physiological solution such as a physiological saline solution or PBS (-) is used as a stock solution.
[0023]
The rinsing liquid used in the present invention preferably has a rinsing liquid amount / (filter volume / filter medium porosity) in the range of 0.3 to 7.0. If it is less than 0.3, the amount of cells to be removed remaining in the filter will not be sufficiently removed, and if it is more than 7.0, the captured cells that need to be collected will also be removed.
[0024]
After introducing the cell population into the mononuclear cell capturing filter, the cells to be removed are washed away with the above-mentioned rinsing solution. In that case, the linear velocity of the rinsing liquid flowing through the filter medium is preferably 5 cm / min or less. When the linear velocity is higher than 5 cm / min, the mononuclear cell recovery rate is greatly reduced. This is presumed to be due to the fact that mononuclear cells penetrate into the depth of the pores of the filter medium, and it is difficult to sufficiently collect the mononuclear cells that have penetrated into the depth of the pores during the collection operation, and the recovery rate decreases. The method for introducing the rinsing liquid into the mononuclear cell-capturing filter is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a device such as a syringe pump, a blood pump, or a peristal pump to flow the solution at a constant and low speed. The head may be any as long as it can be flowed under the above conditions.
[0025]
As the mononuclear cell recovery liquid used in the present invention, a liquid that does not damage the mononuclear cells and that can be recovered at a high rate is preferable. Preferred examples include commercially available physiological saline, buffers such as PBS (-) (phosphate buffer) and HBSS (Hanks's solution), cell culture media such as RPMI1640, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. Natural polymer solutions such as methylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, dextran, chitin derivatives, collagen, fibronectin, albumin, globulin, organic solutions such as glucose, saccharose, maltose, sorbitol, glycerin, dimethyl sulfoxide and These mixtures are mentioned. Further, a chelating agent may be contained for the purpose of removing divalent cations to facilitate cell detachment.
[0026]
Since polymer solutions such as dextran and hydroxyethyl starch also function as cryoprotectants, they can be cryopreserved as they are or by adding a cryoprotectant such as DMSO, and are more viscous than physiological saline. And the shear stress at the time of recovery can be improved, so that good results have been obtained, and this is more preferable as a mononuclear cell recovery liquid.
[0027]
The mononuclear cell recovery liquid used in the present invention preferably has a mononuclear cell recovery liquid amount / (filter volume / filter porosity) in the range of 0.7 to 15.0. If it is 0.7 or less, the amount of cells captured by the filter cannot be sufficiently recovered, and a sufficient recovery rate cannot be obtained. In addition, at 15.0 or more, even if the amount of the mononuclear cell collection solution is further increased, the recovery rate of the cells requiring collection does not change.
[0028]
The collection method performed in the present invention is not particularly limited, but the flow rate of the mononuclear cell collection liquid is preferably as high as possible in order to increase the shearing stress and to collect the mononuclear cells at a high rate. It is preferable to control the flow rate so as not to cause disconnection of the connection portion between the capture filter and the tube or the like or to cause damage to the mononuclear cells. The means for introducing the mononuclear cell collection liquid into the mononuclear cell capture filter may be a method using a device such as a syringe pump, a blood pump, a peristaltic pump, or a simple method of manually pushing a syringe, or a bag storing the liquid. Examples of the method include a method of crushing and inducing a liquid flow, a head treatment, and the like. Furthermore, in order to further increase the recovery rate of mononuclear cells, vibration may be applied to the filter or stopped flow may be performed. It is more preferable to use a collecting jig described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-069966, since the collecting can be performed at a constant flow rate.
The environmental temperature for carrying out the present invention is in the range of 5 to 37 ° C., unless otherwise specified.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, Examples of the present invention are shown together with Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
Embodiment 1
1. Preparation of mononuclear cell capture filter Consists of an upper container and a lower container. After assembling, the inner dimensions are 30 mm in length, 30 mm in width, and 12 mm in height (effective filtration cross-sectional area 9 cm 2 , inner volume 11 cm 3 ). From the inlet side of the polycarbonate container having an inflow port, 18 polyester nonwoven fabrics having an average fiber diameter of 2.3 μm and a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 were provided on the first layer, and an average fiber diameter of 12 μm and a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 were provided on the second layer. The 16 polyester nonwoven fabrics of No. 2 were filled so as to be sandwiched between the upper container and the lower container, and separated into a container inlet space and an outlet space.
The filter material porosity of the nonwoven fabric filled in the mononuclear cell trapping filter was 0.91, the packing density was 0.22 g / cm 3 for the first layer, and 0.29 g / cm 3 for the second layer. It was 3 .
[0030]
Further, for the purpose of imparting platelet permeability to the mononuclear cell capturing filter, a hydrophilic polymer was coated. That is, a 1% ethanol solution of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer (97: 3 in molar ratio) is passed through the liquid inlet of the mononuclear cell trapping filter, and excess polymer solution is removed with nitrogen gas. After purging, it was dried in a vacuum dryer at 60 ° C. for 8 hours or more.
[0031]
2. Cell separation operation 70 to 200 ml of human umbilical cord blood supplemented with CPD (citrate / phosphate / dextrose) was passed through the mononuclear cell trapping filter from the liquid inlet through a head to trap mononuclear cells. The red blood cells and platelets remaining in the filter from the inlet were rinsed by passing 10 ml of a physiological saline solution containing 1.5% of HSA (human serum albumin) through a head. The filtered blood and the rinse liquid passed through the filter were collected in a drain bottle. Thereafter, 18 ml of liquid and 19 ml of air in which HSA was added to a commercially available 10% dextran physiological saline solution (Kobayashi Pharmaceutical “Dextran 40 Injection”) to a concentration of 3% were passed through the liquid outlet, and mononuclear cells were passed through the liquid inlet. Was recovered.
[0032]
3. Analysis The cell count in this cell separation operation was measured using a multi-item automatic blood cell analyzer (Sysmex SF3000), and the mononuclear cell capture rate, mononuclear cell recovery rate, and red blood cell removal rate were calculated. The capture rate, recovery rate, and removal rate were calculated by the following equations.
Capture rate (%) = 100−100 × (number of cells in drain solution / number of original cells)
Recovery rate (%) = 100 × (number of cells in mononuclear cell recovered solution / number of original cells)
Removal rate (%) = 100-100 × (number of cells in mononuclear cell recovered solution / number of original cells)
[0033]
In addition, a colony assay using a well-known methylcellulose medium (Method Cell GF4434V manufactured by Stem Cell Technologies) as the in vitro hematopoietic function assay was performed on the raw blood and the cell solution after collection, and the recovery rate of colony forming cells was calculated by the following equation.
Colony forming cell recovery rate (%) = leukocyte recovery rate after cell separation operation x [(number of colonies of cell solution after collection / number of seeded cells) / (number of colonies of raw blood / number of seeded cells)]
[0034]
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
Embodiment 2
1. Preparation of Cell Separation Filter A filter was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
2. Cell Separation Operation A cell separation operation was performed on 70 to 200 ml of CPD-added human umbilical cord blood in the same manner as in Example 1, and 10 ml of 5% HSA-added physiological saline was passed as a rinse solution.
3. The analysis was performed in the same manner as in Analysis Example 1.
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
Embodiment 3
1. Preparation of Cell Separation Filter A filter was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
2. Cell Separation Operation A cell separation operation was performed on 70 to 200 ml of CPD-added human umbilical cord blood in the same manner as in Example 1, and 10 ml of a 25% HSA solution was passed as a rinse solution.
3. The analysis was performed in the same manner as in Analysis Example 1.
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Comparative Example 1]
1. Preparation of Cell Separation Filter A filter was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
2. Cell separation operation A cell separation operation was performed on 70 to 200 ml of CPD-added human umbilical cord blood in the same manner as in Example 1, and 10 ml of a physiological saline solution was flown as a rinse solution.
3. The analysis was performed in the same manner as in Analysis Example 1.
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
[Comparative Example 2]
1. Preparation of Cell Separation Filter A filter was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
2. Cell Separation Operation A cell separation operation was performed on 70 to 200 ml of CPD-added human umbilical cord blood in the same manner as in Example 1, and 10 ml of 0.5% HSA-added physiological saline was passed as a rinse solution.
3. The analysis was performed in the same manner as in Analysis Example 1.
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 3]
1. Preparation of Cell Separation Filter A filter similar to that of Example 1 was prepared.
2. Cell Separation Operation After 70 to 200 ml of CPD-added human umbilical cord blood was passed through a cell inlet filter through a liquid inlet through a head to capture mononuclear cells, a rinse solution was not passed through the filter, and a commercially available 10% dextran was used. 18 ml of liquid and 19 ml of air in which HSA was added to a physiological saline solution (Kobayashi Pharmaceutical "Dextran 40 Injection") to a concentration of 3% were passed through the liquid outlet, and monocytes were recovered from the liquid inlet.
3. The analysis was performed in the same manner as in Analysis Example 1.
4. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004121144
[0041]
In Examples 1 to 3, the mononuclear cell capture rate and the recovery rate, and the colony-forming cell recovery rate were lower than those in Comparative Example 1 in which Comparative Example 1 using a rinse solution containing no albumin and Comparative Example 2 in which the albumin concentration was low were not rinsed. In comparison, the same high value was maintained.
Further, the erythrocyte removal rates of Examples 1 to 3 were equivalent to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which rinsing was performed, and the result was significantly higher than Comparative Example 3 in which rinsing was not performed.
As described above, when albumin was added to the rinsing solution, mononuclear cells could be collected at a high rate even when the cell population volume was large, and erythrocytes could be removed at a high rate.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for collecting mononuclear cells and the rinsing solution of the present invention, not only the cells to be removed can be removed from the cell population at a high rate by a simple operation, but also the mononuclear cells can be recovered at a high rate.

Claims (3)

単核球と、少なくとも赤血球を含む除去対象細胞とを含む細胞集団を、少なくとも単核球を捕捉する単核球捕捉フィルターに導入し、次に1.5〜25wt%のアルブミンを含むリンス液を該単核球捕捉フィルターに導入した後、単核球回収液を該単核球捕捉フィルターに導入して単核球を採取することを特徴とする単核球の採取方法。A cell population containing mononuclear cells and cells to be removed containing at least erythrocytes is introduced into a mononuclear cell capture filter that captures at least mononuclear cells, and then a rinse containing 1.5 to 25 wt% albumin is added. A method for collecting mononuclear cells, comprising introducing a mononuclear cell recovery solution into the mononuclear cell capture filter and collecting mononuclear cells after introduction into the mononuclear cell capture filter. 単核球が造血幹細胞を含む請求項1記載の単核球採取方法。The method of claim 1, wherein the mononuclear cells include hematopoietic stem cells. 1.5〜25wt%のアルブミンを含む生理的溶液からなる、除去対象細胞を除去するために用いるリンス液。A rinse solution for removing cells to be removed, comprising a physiological solution containing 1.5 to 25% by weight of albumin.
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006093205A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Kaneka Corporation Method and device for cell preparation
JP2009284860A (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Co Ltd Method for concentrating mononuclear cell and platelet
WO2011001936A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 株式会社カネカ Blood component separation system and separation material
JP2012120458A (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-28 Kaneka Corp Cell separator
WO2012141032A1 (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-18 株式会社カネカ Mononuclear cell preparation material and mononuclear cell preparation method using same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006093205A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Kaneka Corporation Method and device for cell preparation
JP2009284860A (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Co Ltd Method for concentrating mononuclear cell and platelet
WO2011001936A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 株式会社カネカ Blood component separation system and separation material
JP2016013130A (en) * 2009-06-30 2016-01-28 株式会社カネカ Blood component separation system and separation material
US9649424B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2017-05-16 Kaneka Corporation Blood component separation system and separation material
JP2012120458A (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-28 Kaneka Corp Cell separator
WO2012141032A1 (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-18 株式会社カネカ Mononuclear cell preparation material and mononuclear cell preparation method using same

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