JP2002214204A - Ultrasonic flaw detector and method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic flaw detector capable of efficiently inspecting the welding of a welded structure with high accuracy, and to provide a method using the same. SOLUTION: The ultrasonic flaw detector is equipped with a means for arranging an array type ultrasonic probe 2 equipped with a plurality of vibrators on the surface of an object 1 to be inspected, a drive means for moving the array type ultrasonic probe 2, a means for selecting the vibrators of the array type ultrasonic probe 2 as an ultrasonic transmission vibrator and an ultrasonic detection vibrator on the basis of the shape dimension of the object 1 to be inspected, a material of a welded part and a welding condition, a means 6 for converging and deflecting ultrasonic beam to the position of the object to be inspected using the selected vibrator group, a means 6 performing the electronic scanning of the ultrasonic transmission vibrator and the ultrasonic detection vibrator, a means 12 for performing image processing on the basis of the ultrasonic waveform detected by the ultrasonic detection vibrator to display an image processing result, a means for performing analyzing processing on the basis of the ultrasonic waveform and using the electronic scanning position of the ultrasonic probe or the amplitude value distribution of a flaw signal to a mechanical scanning position to calculate flaw data, and a means 12 for displaying the analyzed result.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus and method for efficiently and accurately detecting defect information in a defect inspection of a welded portion formed by welding and connecting different kinds of metals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, used in power generation facilities,
Welds composed of different metals, such as austenitic stainless steel and nickel-base superalloy or carbon steel, low alloy steel, etc., deteriorate and damage over time due to operating environment such as temperature and welding residual stress. Defects such as cracks may occur. Detecting these defects and measuring and evaluating their dimensions and the like with high accuracy is extremely important for the stable operation of these devices and structures. In the defect inspection of the welded part, there is a method of detecting a welded part using an oblique probe of one transducer, detecting a reflected wave from the defect, and finding a defect position, a defect depth, for example, A pulse flaw detection method described in, for example, an ultrasonic flaw detection method for steel welds of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z3060-1996) is widely used.
Further, in the case of using an array type ultrasonic probe, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 9-257763 and 9-257
No. 774 is disclosed.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a weld metal portion of a weld portion composed of the same or different metals such as austenitic stainless steel and nickel-base superalloy, crystal grains are coarsened by welding to form a columnar crystal structure. Therefore, it is known that ultrasonic wave attenuation and distortion occur when ultrasonic waves are incident on the inspection object.

In the ultrasonic flaw detection method for a welded portion, a welded portion is flaw-detected by using an oblique probe of one vibrator, a reflected wave from the defect is detected, and a defect position and a defect depth are obtained. There is a pulse reflection method. However, even in the pulse reflection method, when the reflected wave from the defect is buried in the reflected waveform from the columnar crystal structure of the weld and the defect waveform cannot be detected, or the pseudo waveform from the material such as the columnar crystal structure is erroneously recognized as the defect waveform. And so on. Even if a defect waveform can be detected, defect information such as a defect position, a defect depth, and a defect inclination may not be accurately measured.

[0005] In addition, even in the case of a normal ultrasonic flaw detection method using an array type ultrasonic probe, there is a case where a defect cannot be accurately measured as in the case of the above-described pulse reflection method.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an array type ultrasonic probe including a plurality of transducers is installed at a specific position on the surface side of an inspection object. In a defect inspection with an opening on the bottom side, an ultrasonic wave is propagated so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom side of the inspection object, and a diffraction wave from the tip of the defect and a reflected wave from the defect corner or a reflected wave from the defect. To detect defect positions, dimensions, etc. with high precision, and in defect inspections that open to the surface of the inspection object, the defect is transmitted over the surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. Propagating sound waves, or
Ultrasonic waves are sequentially incident from the surface layer on the front side to the inside, the reflected wave from the defect is detected, and the defect is detected from the relationship between the ultrasonic incident angle or the ultrasonic transmission / reception angle and the amplitude value of the reflected wave, It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic flaw detector and a method thereof capable of measuring defect information such as defect depth with high accuracy.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic testing apparatus having a plurality of transducers. Means for placing the probe at a predetermined position on the surface side of the inspection object, driving means for moving the array type ultrasonic probe, shape and dimension of the inspection object, welding material, welding conditions Means for selecting a transducer of the array-type ultrasonic probe as a transducer group for ultrasound transmission and a transducer group for ultrasound reception based on, and an inspection object using the selected transducer group. Means for focusing and deflecting the ultrasonic beam to a position, means for performing electronic scanning of the ultrasonic transmission transducer group and the ultrasonic reception transducer group, and an ultrasonic detector detected by the ultrasonic reception transducer group. Performs image processing based on sound wave waveforms and displays image processing results Means for performing analysis processing based on the ultrasonic waveform and obtaining defect information using an amplitude value distribution of a defect signal with respect to an electronic scanning position or a mechanical scanning position of the ultrasonic probe, and displaying the analysis result. And means for performing this.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention selects a portion to be inspected of a welded structure on the basis of a past operation history. Based on the process, welding material, groove shape and welding conditions, the process of selecting the flaw detection conditions stored in the database in advance, and based on the selected flaw detection conditions, the part to be inspected is array-type ultrasonic. The process of flaw detection by electronic scanning using a probe and the recording of detected ultrasonic waveform data, image processing based on the recorded waveform data, superimposing the image processing result on the shape of the inspection object, echoing The process of performing color gradation display corresponding to the magnitude of the amplitude value, and the recorded waveform data was calculated according to the position of each ultrasonic receiving transducer group and detected in the inspection target part of the welded structure in the previous period Defect information based on ultrasonic waveform data Analyzing, the step of determining the presence or absence of a defect based on the result of the step of performing the color gradation and the result of the step of analyzing the depth, size, and inclination of the defect, and the image processing result and the analysis result And a step of displaying.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic testing method for testing an array type ultrasonic probe having a plurality of transducers. Installed at a predetermined position on the surface side of the object, select an ultrasonic transmission and reception transducer group from the array type ultrasonic probe, and set the same transmission and reception angle of the ultrasonic transmission and reception transducer group Setting to propagate the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the inspection object, linearly scanning the transmitting transducer group of the array-type ultrasonic probe, and performing flaw detection; and Obtaining an ultrasonic beam path, an echo amplitude value, and an echo amplitude value distribution based on a reflected waveform from a defect detected when receiving under the same conditions as the transmission angle using the transducer group; and Defect depth measurement previously stored in a database for value distribution A step of obtaining a defect depth by applying a reference line, and a step of obtaining a defect position based on an ultrasonic beam path of a defect waveform from the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving vibrator group thus obtained based on a transmitting and receiving angle. is there.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention is characterized in that an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate through a surface layer on the bottom surface side of the object to be inspected. At this time, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set at a right angle to the inspection object, the diffracted wave generated from the defect and the reflected wave generated from the defect corner are detected, and the detected ultrasonic beam is detected. This method includes a step of obtaining defect information from a path and an echo amplitude value.

Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention is characterized in that an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the bottom surface side of the inspection object. At the time of the reception, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer is set in an arc shape centering on the defect position, and the position of the transducer received by the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect are used. A method of obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer selected from a generated echo amplitude value distribution and a maximum value of the echo amplitude value. .

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, as described in claim 6, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the bottom surface side of the inspection object. When doing so, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer is set so that the virtual reflection source position can be received as a sound source, and the virtual reflection source position is sequentially changed so as to cover the entire inspection range of the inspection object. A specific amplitude selected from the position of the transducer received for each flaw detection at each virtual sound source and the echo amplitude value distribution generated by the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect and the maximum value of the echo amplitude value This method includes a step of obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on the ultrasonic receiving transducer.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, as described in claim 7, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the bottom surface side of the inspection object. At this time, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer group is set to an angle different from the incident angle, an ultrasonic waveform that is mode-converted at the defect is detected, and the detected ultrasonic beam path, echo amplitude value or echo amplitude is detected. This method includes a step of calculating the position and depth of the defect from the flaw detection cross-sectional image obtained by the value.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as described in claim 8, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. When the ultrasonic wave is received, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer group is set to an angle different from the incident angle, the ultrasonic waveform that is mode-converted by the front defect is detected, and the detected ultrasonic beam path,
This method includes a step of obtaining defect information from an echo amplitude value or a flaw detection cross-sectional image obtained from the echo amplitude value.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as described in claim 9, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. At this time, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set at a right angle to the inspection object, the diffracted wave generated from the defect tip and the reflected wave generated from the defect corner are detected, and the detected ultrasonic wave is detected. Obtaining defect information based on the beam path and the echo amplitude value.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, as described in claim 10, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. When making it, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer group,
An echo amplitude value distribution and an echo amplitude distribution which are set in an arc shape with the defect position as a center and are generated by the position of the oscillator group received by the ultrasonic wave receiving oscillator group and the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect. Obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer group selected from the maximum value of the values.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, as described in claim 11, an ultrasonic wave is incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. When making it, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer group,
Set so that the virtual reflection source position can be received as a sound source,
Inspection is performed by sequentially changing the virtual reflection source position so as to cover the entire inspection range of the inspection object, and the position of the transducer group received for each inspection by each virtual sound source and the echo of the diffracted wave from the defect. Obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer group selected from the echo amplitude value distribution generated by the amplitude value and the maximum value of the echo amplitude values. There is a way.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an array-type ultrasonic probe is applied to a flaw detection portion of an inspection object. Installed at any one of parallel and elevation angles, select the ultrasonic transmission and reception transducer group from the array type ultrasonic probe, the incident angle of the ultrasonic transmission and reception transducer group is the same A step of linearly scanning the array-type ultrasonic probe so as to propagate the surface layer on the front surface side of the inspection object to detect flaws, and a defect detected from the ultrasonic receiving transducer group. A step of obtaining a distribution of echo amplitude values from the reflected waveform, and a step of applying a reference line for measuring the depth of a defect prepared in advance to a database to the distribution of the obtained amplitude values to obtain a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer. , Determined vibration for ultrasonic reception Based on the incident angle and the ultrasonic beam path length of a defect waveform from a method comprising a step of determining a defect information.

In order to achieve the above object, an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention is based on a reflection waveform of a defect detected from a specific ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator. In this method, the amplitude value distribution is obtained, and the inclination angle of the defect is obtained from the inclination angle of the defect in the database and the amplitude value distribution.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as described in claim 14, an array-type ultrasonic probe is applied to a flaw detection portion of an inspection object. It is installed at one of parallel and elevation angles, and an ultrasonic transmission / reception transducer group is selected from the array type ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic deflection of the ultrasonic transmission / reception transducer group is selected. A step of performing a fan-shaped scan of the array-type ultrasonic probe by sequentially changing the angle at a predetermined pitch to detect flaws, and an amplitude value from a reflection waveform of a defect detected from the ultrasonic reception transducer group. A step of obtaining a distribution, and a step of applying a defect depth measurement reference line prepared in a database to the obtained amplitude value distribution to obtain an incident angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator; Angle of incidence of transducer for Defects waveform from use vibrators on the basis of the ultrasonic beam path length is a method and a step of obtaining defect information.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, at least two or more array type ultrasonic probes are arranged in parallel to achieve the above object. This is the method used.

According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as described in claim 16, an array type ultrasonic probe is provided for a flaw detection part of an inspection object. This is a method using an ultrasonic transmitting / receiving vibrator arranged axially symmetrically.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of an ultrasonic flaw detector and a method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings and reference numerals attached to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an enlarged view of the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. .

The ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment, for example, inspects a welded structure 1 in which Inconel and Inconel are butted, and weld metal 1b in the welded structure 1
This is applied to the case of inspecting the defect 1c which has occurred in the welding line and has grown along the welding line.

The array type ultrasonic probe 2 includes a transducer A
(1), A (2),..., A (n), a couplant C such as water is formed outside the welded structure 1, and the vibrators A (1),
A (2),..., A (n) are arranged in rows in a direction perpendicular to the defect growth direction, and the ultrasonic beam UB is irradiated with a flaw angle θ at which the flaw can be freely changed. 1c. When inspecting a defect 1c growing in a direction perpendicular to the welding line, the array-type ultrasonic probe 2 is installed in a direction parallel to the welding line to perform flaw detection.

Such oscillators A (1), A (2),
.., A (n) are supported by the sensor holding mechanism 3 while maintaining an appropriate distance from the welding structure 1. The sensor holding mechanism 3 includes a driving mechanism 4
It can be freely moved in the welding direction or the direction orthogonal thereto. The moving amount and moving direction of the driving mechanism 4 are controlled by the driving mechanism control device 5.

When controlling the drive mechanism 4, the drive mechanism control device 5 is remotely controlled by a command from the control device 6.

The controller 6 remotely controls the drive mechanism controller 5 and also controls the transducers A (1), A (2),..., A (n) of the array type ultrasonic probe 2. Equipped with a function to electronically scan, freely focus and deflect the ultrasonic beam at a predetermined position of the welded structure 1, and to issue general commands such as processing and displaying images and signals. ing.

The array type ultrasonic probe 2 includes one or two or more transducers A (1), A (2),..., A (n) for transmitting ultrasonic waves and transmitting ultrasonic waves. The structure is such that a vibrator can be selected at random. For example, as means for selecting the transmitting and receiving transducers A (1), A (2),..., A (n) as a group, an ultrasonic transmitter group 8 for generating ultrasonic waves for each transmitting transducer, An ultrasonic receiver group 9 for allowing each transducer to receive an ultrasonic signal waveform is provided. The ultrasonic transmitter group 8 and the ultrasonic receiver group 9 include:
The delay time controller 7 is connected, and the vibrators A (1), A
By controlling (2),..., A (n), the ultrasonic beam can be focused and deflected to a predetermined position of the welded structure 1.

Further, an image processing device 10 and a signal processing device 11 are connected to the ultrasonic receiver group 9. The image processing apparatus 10 and the signal processing apparatus 11 extract a defect signal from an ultrasonic waveform detected by ultrasonic transmission / reception, and detect a defect signal with respect to an electronic scanning position or a mechanical scanning position of the array type ultrasonic probe 2. The defect information and the like are calculated using the amplitude distribution of the defect signal, and are imaged. The image processing device 10 and the signal processing device 11 are connected to the display device 12 so that the position and the size of the defect 1c subjected to the signal processing according to the command from the control device 6 can be output and recorded. The defect information includes the defect position,
Depth, length, and inclination are expressed. Hereinafter, the expression “defect information” indicates the same content.

FIG. 2 shows the transducers A (1), A (2),..., A (n) of the array type ultrasonic probe 2 in which the transducer for transmitting ultrasound and the transducer for receiving ultrasound are used. Is shown. That is, the transducers A (1), A (2),..., A (n)
Of the transmission oscillator groups G (p1), G (p
2),..., G (pj),.
1), G (r2),..., G (rj),.

The array-type ultrasonic probe 2 transmits one or more arbitrary transducers to the transmitting transducer group G (p
, G (pj),..., And G (r1), G (r2),..., G (rj),. An ultrasonic transmitter group 8 for generating ultrasonic waves, and an ultrasonic receiver group 9 for receiving ultrasonic signal waveforms are connected to each of the receiving transducers. By controlling each transducer by the delay time controller 7, the ultrasonic beam can be focused and deflected to the position of the inspection target portion. Also, the set transmitting transducer groups G (p1), G (p2),..., G (p
j),... and the receiving transducer groups G (r1), G (r
2),..., G (rj),. Further, the ultrasonic reception waveform obtained by the electronic scanning is subjected to image processing by the image processor 10, the image processing result is displayed so as to be superimposed on the shape of the inspection target portion, and the defect signal is represented by the magnitude of the echo amplitude value. Color gradation display can be performed. In addition, the ultrasonic wave reception waveform is analyzed by the signal processor 11 to calculate the beam path of each waveform and the echo amplitude value, and to perform analysis processing such as comparison with the shape of the portion to be inspected, the welding shape, etc. Position, dimensions, etc. can be measured. Further, the image processing result and the analysis processing result can be displayed on the display device 12. All of these processes can be performed by a command from the control device 6.

In the present embodiment, water is used as a couplant for the flaw detection from the array type ultrasonic probe 2 to the inspection target portion. However, flaw detection by direct contact with the inspection target portion, acrylic or the like is used. The inspection target portion may be flaw-detected using the above resin.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the array type ultrasonic probe is installed at an appropriate position of the inspection target portion, and the flaw detection is performed under appropriate flaw detection conditions without moving the array type ultrasonic probe. Then, by performing image processing and analysis processing of the detected waveform data, the defect position and the defect depth of the inspection target portion can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram used for describing an embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention.

The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present embodiment employs, for example, a welded structure 1 in which Inconel and Inconel are butted together.
Inspection of defects occurring in the weld metal 1b of the present invention is to be applied. A flaw detection part selection step (step 1) for selecting a part to be inspected of a welded structure from a past operation history and the like, A flaw detection condition pre-stored in a database based on the tip shape, welding conditions, etc., specifically, a flaw detection condition setting step (step 2) for selecting the number of transmission / reception drive elements, transmission / reception incident angle, and the like; A flaw detection recording step (step 3) in which flaw detection is performed on a portion to be inspected based on conditions and ultrasonic waveform data such as a reflected wave from the defect 1c is recorded.
It has a configuration with.

In the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present embodiment, image processing is performed in real time based on the waveform data recorded in the flaw detection recording step (step 3), and the image processing result is superimposed on the shape of the portion to be inspected. An image processing and displaying step (step 4) for displaying a color gradation corresponding to the magnitude of the echo amplitude value such as a sectional image display, a plane image display, and a stereoscopic image display, and an ultrasonic beam path and an echo amplitude from the recorded waveform data. Calculate the value in accordance with the position of each transducer group, calculate the defect depth from the diffracted wave data from the defect tip and the data at the defect corner, or calculate the echo amplitude value of the reflected wave from the defect, A data analysis process (step 5) for performing an analysis process such as a process for obtaining a defect depth by comparing the relationship between the echo height and the defect depth stored in a database; And based on the result of Step 5,
A defect evaluation step (step 6) of determining whether or not the inspection target portion is a defect depending on whether the position is inside the weld, the heat affected zone, or the base material; and displaying the image processing result and the signal processing result on a display device. It is configured to include a display step (step 7).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position of the inspection target portion and the defect depth of the inspection target portion are determined by detecting the inspection target portion under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing image processing and analysis processing on the detected waveform data. Measurement can be performed efficiently and with high accuracy.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, (a) shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates on the surface layer on the bottom side of the welded structure, and receives the reflected wave from the defect along the same path. It is a conceptual diagram shown, (b)
Is a graph showing a detection waveform in an arbitrarily selected transmission / reception vibrator group, and (c) shows a relationship between an amplitude value of a detection waveform at the time of flaw detection by linear scanning and a center position of the ultrasonic transmission / reception vibrator group. It is a graph shown by. At this time, the defect depth d
Is for parameters. d1 and d2 indicate different defect depths.

In this embodiment, a large number of transducers A (1), A
, G (p2), G (p2), G (pj), G (p)
n) and receiving transducer groups G (r1), G (r2),
, G (rj)..., G (rn), ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received at an incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the outgoing ultrasonic wave is Uw → U1 →
It propagates along the path of U2 and reaches the defect 1c in the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1.

The ultrasonic wave (reflected wave) on the return path from the defect 1c follows the path of U2 → U1 → Uw. At that time, the detected waveform is received as shown in FIG.

From the waveform data thus detected,
The propagation time Wd to the reception waveform is 2 × (tw + t1 + t
2), and the position of the defect 1c is
The distance L from (1),..., A (i),.

[0045]

(Equation 1) Here, Vw, V1, and V2 are the couplant C, the propagation speed in the path U1, and the path U2, respectively, w is the distance between the array-type ultrasonic probe 2 and the couplant C, and α is the couplant. C
, The angle between the welding structure 1 and θ, the incident angle during transmission and reception,
T is the thickness. These values are obtained in advance.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the amplitude value H of the detected waveform from the defect is obtained and expressed in relation to the center position of the ultrasonic transmitting / receiving vibrator group. Is obtained. Here, the defect depth d is the center position G (P) of the ultrasonic transmission / reception vibrator group at the peak position P of the amplitude value distribution and the intersection Q between the amplitude value distribution and the defect depth measurement reference line. And G (Q) from the following equation.

[0047]

D = G (P) -G (Q) Further, the defect depth d can be easily obtained from the flaw detection sectional image.

The reference line for measuring the depth of a defect is obtained in advance by an experiment or the like.

As described above, in this embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be efficiently and accurately measured by performing various kinds of arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data under the appropriate flaw detection conditions. Can be.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, (a) shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting the ultrasonic wave to the welded structure, and the ultrasonic wave in the direction perpendicular to the welded structure when receiving the ultrasonic beam. It is a conceptual diagram which shows performing linear scanning on the flaw detection conditions which receive a beam, (b-1) is a graph which shows the detection waveform in the vibrator group G (ri) for reception, (b-2) is for reception. (B-3) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the transducer group G (rk), and (b-3) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the transducer group G (rk).
(C) is a graph showing the maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave detected by the group of receiving transducers G (rj), and (d) is a graph showing the maximum amplitude value of the group of receiving transducers G (rj). It is the graph which compared end echo Ftip and reflected wave Fc. In this embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, the transmitting transducer groups G (p1), G (p) selected from the many transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welding structure 1 p
2),..., G (pj),..., G (pn), the forward-direction ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmitted ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the route Uw to U1.
→ The light propagates at U2 and enters the defect 1c inside the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1.

The ultrasonic wave incident on the defect 1c is
Vibration at the tip and end echo (diffraction wave) Fti
p, a reflected wave Fc is generated from the corner. In receiving this waveform, the receiving transducer groups G (r1),.
(Ri),..., G (rn) are set so that signals from the direction perpendicular to the welded structure 1 can be received.
When the electronic scanning is performed and received, FIGS.
2), (b-3), the end echo Ftip,
The reflected wave Fc is detected.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5C, a group of receiving transducers G (r1),..., Which receive the end echo Ftip.
Of the G (ri),..., G (rn), based on the detection waveform of the receiving transducer G (rj) that obtains the maximum value of the amplitude value, as shown in FIG. Ultrasonic beam path difference between Fc and end echo Ftip (Wc-Wtip)
Is used to determine the defect depth d.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing various arithmetic processes based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a third embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, (a) shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welding structure, and the ultrasonic waves in the direction perpendicular to the welding structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram which shows performing linear scanning on the flaw detection conditions which receive a beam, (b-1) is a graph which shows the detection waveform in the vibrator group G (ri) for reception, (b-2) is for reception. (B-3) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the transducer group G (rk), and (b-3) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the transducer group G (rk).
(C) is a graph showing the maximum amplitude value of the end echo as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj),
(D) is a graph comparing the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc in the receiving transducer group G (rj).
In this embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, the transmission selected from a number of transducers A (1),..., A (n) constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welded structure 1 is selected. G (p1), G (p2),..., G (pj),.
Using (pn), the forward-direction ultrasonic wave is made incident at an incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmitted ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the route Uw to U1.
→ The light propagates at U2 and enters the defect 1c inside the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1.

The ultrasonic wave incident on the defect 1c vibrates at the defect 1c, and an end echo (diffraction wave) Ftip from the tip thereof.
Then, a reflected wave Fc is generated from the corner. The generated end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc can be received by the receiving transducer groups G (r1),..., G (ri),..., G (rn) in an arc shape centered on the tip of the defect 1c. Is electronically scanned. Then, when the received waveform is sequentially scanned and received, as shown in (b-1) to (b-3) of FIG. 6, the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc from the defect 1c are received. Vibrator groups G (r1),..., G (ri),.
G (rn).

Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, each receiving transducer group G (r) for receiving the end echo Ftip.
6D based on the detection waveform of the receiving transducer G (rj) that obtains the maximum value of the amplitude values among 1),..., G (ri),. As described above, the ultrasonic beam path difference (Wc-W) between the reflected wave Fc and the end echo Ftip.
The defect depth d is obtained from (tip).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be efficiently and accurately measured by performing the flaw detection under the appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, (a) shows an ultrasonic beam propagating through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welded structure, and an ultrasonic wave perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram which shows performing linear scanning under the flaw detection conditions which receive a beam, (b-1) is a graph which shows the detection waveform from a virtual sound source when there is no defect in a part to be inspected, and (b-2) is Is a graph showing a detected waveform from a virtual sound source when the inspection target has a defect,
(C) is a graph showing the maximum amplitude value of the end echo as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj),
(D) is a graph comparing the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc in the receiving transducer group G (rj).
In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, a large number of transducers A (1), A
(2),..., A (n), a group of transmitting transducers G (p1) to G (pn) and a group of receiving transducers G (r)
1), ..., G (ri), ..., G (rj), ..., G (r
n), the ultrasonic wave is transmitted at the incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1) to
G (rn) sets the reception angle so that the virtual reflection can be received from the sound source P1, and sets other virtual reflections to the sound sources P2 and P2.
Pn are sequentially set so that they can also be received from P3,..., Pn, and can be received in an arc shape centered on the tip of the defect 1c. Then, each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1) to G (rn)
When flaw detection is performed on a portion of the welded structure 1 where the defect 1c is not generated in the weld metal 1b, a reflected waveform from the defect is not detected as shown in (b-1) of FIG. When the defect 1c is generated in the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1, the respective waveforms of the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc shown in FIG. 7B-2 are detected.

The maximum value of the end echo Ftip is obtained from the flaw detection results of the sound sources P1 to Pn, and is obtained from the amplitude value of the receiving transducer group G (rj). It is determined that the position of the maximum value of the receiving transducer group G (rj) thus obtained corresponds to the position of the defect 1c. In this case, the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc at the position of the receiving transducer group G (rj) have the waveforms shown in FIG. 7D. In the waveform shown in FIG. 7D, the ultrasonic beam path difference (W) between the reflected wave Fc and the end echo Ftip
Defect depth d is obtained from c-Wtip).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing various arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fifth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention. In FIG. 8, (a)
In the linear scanning under flaw detection conditions, when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welded structure, the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side, and when receiving, the ultrasonic beam is received in the direction perpendicular to the welded structure. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing that
It is a graph which shows the detection waveform in the receiving transducer group G (Prn) arbitrarily detected, and (c) shows the amplitude value of the detection waveform at the time of flaw detection using linear scanning with the center position of the receiving transducer group. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship, in which a defect depth d is used as a parameter, and (d) is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of a welded structure in which the echo amplitude value intensity from a defect detected during linear scanning is displayed in color gradation. . The color gradation display may be a black and white gradation or a mark method.

In this embodiment, the same or corresponding parts as those shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, the transmitting / receiving vibrator group G (Pr1), G (Pr1) is selected from a number of vibrators constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welded structure 1.
Using (Pr2),..., G (Prn),..., Ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ1 for the outward path so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmission ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the route Uw to the U
The light propagates from 1 to U2 and enters the defect 1c inside the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1.

Then, the receiving transducer groups G (Pr1), G
, G (Prn),... Set the reception angle θ2 so that the reflected wave can be received by the path U3, and reflect the reflected wave that is mode-converted at the defect portion by the incidence of the ultrasonic wave on the defect.
Detection is performed as shown in FIG.

The transmitting / receiving vibrator group G (Pr1), G (Pr
2),..., G (Prn),..., The amplitude value H of the waveform detected by each of the receiving transducer groups G (Pr1), G (Pr).
2),..., G (Prn),... And the center position thereof, a distribution as shown in FIG. At this time, when the defect depth d is different, the shape of the distribution is different as shown in FIG. The defect depth d is calculated from the center position G (P) of the group of receiving transducers determined at the peak position P of the amplitude value distribution in FIG. 8C, and the intersection Q between the defect depth measurement reference line and the amplitude value distribution. D = G (Q) -G (P) from the center position G (Q) of the group of receiving transducers determined by Also,
The defect depth d can be easily obtained from the flaw detection sectional image as shown in FIG.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, defect information can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing arithmetic processing based on detected waveform data.

As shown in FIG. 9, a transmitting / receiving array transducer group G selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welding structure 1.
(Pr1), G (Pr2),..., G (Prn)
The transmission ultrasonic beam is set at an incident angle θ2 to the welded structure 1 and is incident in the defect direction along a path U3. At the time of reception, a reception angle θ1 is set along a route U2 → U1 → Uw, and a reflected wave from a defect is detected. The detected waveform data is subjected to the same processing as the processing shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C to obtain the defect depth.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently and accurately measure the defect position and the defect depth by performing the flaw detection under the appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

As shown in FIG. 10, a transmitting transducer group G (p) selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welded structure.
1),..., G (pn), when transmitting an ultrasonic wave at an incident angle θ1 for the outward path so as to propagate on the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1, the transmitting transducer group G (p1) , ..., G (p
n), G (r1),..., G (r
n) is selected, and the reflected wave from the defect is detected on the path U3 ′ set at an angle θ3 different from the incident angle θ1.

The detected waveform data is shown in FIG.
By performing the same processing as the processing shown in (c), the defect depth d can be obtained.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an eighth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the transmitting / receiving vibrator group G (Pr1),..., Is selected from a number of vibrators constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welding structure 1.
Using G (Prn), an ultrasonic wave is incident at an incident angle θ1 for the outward path so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1, and is incident on the defect through a path Uw → U1 → U2. At the time of reception, the transmission / reception vibrator group G (Pr1),.
rn) to detect a flaw by a sector scan and detect a reflected wave from a defect. By performing such a sector scan, a reflected wave from a defect can be detected over a wide range.

At this time, a waveform detected at a specific reception angle in the receiving transducer group G (Pri) is obtained as shown in FIG. 8C, and further, the sector shape of the receiving transducer group G (ri) is obtained. The amplitude distribution of the detected waveform with respect to the reception angle in scanning is obtained as shown in FIG. At this time, when the defect depths are different, the distribution shape is different as shown in FIG. The defect depth d is the center position G of the receiving transducer group obtained at the peak position P of the amplitude value distribution in FIG.
(P) and the intersection Q between the reference line for measuring the depth of defect and the amplitude value distribution
From the center position G (Q) of the receiving transducer group obtained by
d = G (Q) -G (P).

When the amplitude value of the received waveform is displayed as a color gradation in the sector scan of the receiving transducer group G (ri) and displayed as a cross-sectional image of the welded structure 1, as shown in FIG. The defect depth d can also be obtained from the relationship between the echo amplitude value and the defect depth d on the image obtained in advance by an experiment or the like using this figure.

As shown in FIG. 12, an ultrasonic wave is transmitted by the transmitting transducer group G (pi), and the receiving transducer group G (ri) is scanned in a sector shape at the time of reception. (R
1),..., G (rn) are sequentially switched to perform flaw detection by sector scanning, and further, the transmitting transducer group G (pi) is
(P1),..., G (rn) are sequentially transmitted to transmit ultrasonic waves, and each time the receiving transducer group G (r1),.
(Rn) is sequentially switched to perform flaw detection by sector scanning, that is, linear scanning is performed at the time of transmission, and sector scanning is performed each time of transmission at the time of reception. Flaw detection becomes possible. The analysis processing of the detected waveform at this time is performed by the above-described FIGS. 8B to 8D.
By performing the same processing as described above, the defect depth can be measured.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a tenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, (a)
Linear scanning under flaw detection conditions where the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welded structure, and receives ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. (B-1).
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (ri), and (b-2) is a graph showing the detected transducer group G (r).
It is a graph which shows the detection waveform in j), (b-3)
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rk), and (c) shows a maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj). FIG. 7D is a graph illustrating the receiving vibrator group G;
It is the graph which compared end echo Ftip and reflected wave Fc in (rj). In this embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, a group of transmitting transducers G (p1), G (p) selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welding structure 1 are selected. p
2),..., G (pj),..., G (pn), ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ for the outward path so as to propagate through the surface layer on the surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmitting ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the route Uw to U
1 and defects 1 inside the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1
c.

The ultrasonic wave incident on the defect 1c is
Then, an end echo Ftip is generated from the tip, and a reflected wave Fc is generated from the corner. In receiving this waveform, the transmitting transducer groups G (p1), G (p2),.
i),..., G (pn) are set so that signals can be received from the welded structure 1 in a direction perpendicular to the welded structure 1, and when electronic scanning is sequentially performed and received, the signals shown in FIG. (B-
2), (b-3), the end echo Ftip,
The reflected wave Fc is detected.

Next, as shown in FIG. 13 (c), the receiving transducer groups G (r1), G (r1) for receiving the end echo Ftip.
13D based on the detection waveform of the receiving transducer group G (rj) that obtains the maximum amplitude value among (r2),..., G (ri),. So, the reflected wave F
ultrasonic beam path difference between c and the end echo Ftip (Wc−
From Wtip), the defect depth is obtained.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, a defect position and a defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high precision by performing a flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an eleventh embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, (a)
Linear scanning under flaw detection conditions where the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welded structure, and receives ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. (B-1).
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (ri), and (b-2) is a graph showing the detected transducer group G (r).
It is a graph which shows the detection waveform in j), (b-3)
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rk), and (c) shows a maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj). FIG. 7D is a graph illustrating the receiving vibrator group G;
It is the graph which compared end echo Ftip and reflected wave Fc in (rj). Further, in the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, the transmitting transducer groups G (p1), G (p) selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welding structure 1 are selected. p
2),..., G (pj),..., G (pn), ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ for the outward path so as to propagate through the surface layer on the surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmitting ultrasonic wave is transmitted through the route Uw → U
1 and defects 1 inside the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1
c.

The ultrasonic wave incident on the defect 1c is
Then, an end echo Ftip is generated from the tip, and a reflected wave Fc is generated from the corner. The generated point echo F
The tip and the reflected wave Fc are received by the receiving transducer group G (r
Electronic scanning is performed so that 1), G (r2),..., G (ri),..., G (rn) can be received in an arc shape centered on the tip of the defect 1c. Then, when the received waveform is sequentially subjected to electronic scanning and received, as shown in FIGS. 14 (b-1), (b-2),
As shown in (b-3), the edge echo Ft starts from the defect 1c.
ip and the reflected wave Fc correspond to each receiving transducer group G (r1), G
, G (ri),..., G (rn).

Further, as shown in FIG. 14 (c), a group of receiving transducers G (r1) for receiving the end echo Ftip,
, G (ri),..., G (rn), as shown in FIG. 14 (d), based on the detected waveform of the receiving vibrator group G (rj) which obtains the maximum value of the amplitude value. Ultrasonic beam path difference between the wave Fc and the end echo Ftip (Wc-Wtip)
Is used to determine the defect depth d.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high precision by performing the flaw detection under the appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a twelfth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. In the linear scanning under flaw detection conditions, when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the welded structure, the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side, and when receiving, the ultrasonic beam is received in the direction perpendicular to the welded structure. (B-1) is a graph showing a detected waveform from a virtual sound source when there is no defect in the inspection target portion, and (b-2) is a graph showing a defect in the inspection target portion. It is a graph which shows the detection waveform from the virtual sound source in a certain case, (c) is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of the edge echo Ftip as a reflected wave which the receiving transducer group G (rj) detected, (D) is an end echo in the receiving transducer group G (rj). It is a graph obtained by comparison between the tip and the reflected wave Fc. In this embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as the components shown in FIG.

In the present embodiment, a group of transmitting transducers G (p1), G (p) selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface layer side of the welding structure 1 are selected. p
2),..., G (pj),..., G (pn), and a group of receiving transducers G (r1), G (r2),.
, G (rn), ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1),
G (rj), G (rj),..., G (rn) set the receiving angle so that the virtual reflection can be received from the sound source P1, and also from the other virtual sound sources P2, P3,. The reception is set so that the reception can be performed and the reception can be performed in an arc shape centering on the tip of the defect 1c. Then, the receiving transducer group G
(R1) to G (rn) correspond to (b-) of FIG.
As shown in 1), no reflection waveform from the defect is detected.
When the defect 1c is generated in the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1, the end echo F shown in FIG.
Each waveform of the tip and the reflected wave Fc is detected.

The amplitude value of the group of receiving transducers G (rj) is obtained based on the data in which the maximum value of the edge echo Ftip is obtained from the flaw detection results of the sound sources P1 to Pn. It is determined that the position of the maximum value of the receiving transducer group G (rj) thus obtained corresponds to the position of the defect 1c. Also, the end echo F at the position of the receiving transducer group G (rj) at this time.
The tip and the reflected wave Fc have waveforms shown in FIG. 15D, the ultrasonic beam path difference (Wc−Wti) between the reflected wave Fc and the end echo Ftip
The defect depth d is obtained from p).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing various arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a thirteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention. Note that FIG.
In the middle, (a) shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting / receiving the ultrasonic wave to / from the welding structure, and receives the ultrasonic beam in the direction perpendicular to the welding structure at the time of receiving. It is a conceptual diagram which shows that linear scanning is carried out under a flaw detection condition, and (b) is a receiving transducer group G (r) arbitrarily detected.
It is a graph which shows the detection waveform in n), (c) is
6 is a graph showing the amplitude value of a detected waveform at the time of flaw detection using linear scanning in relation to the center position of a group of receiving transducers, and using a defect depth d as a parameter. (D) is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of a welded structure when the echo amplitude value intensity from a defect detected during linear scanning is displayed in color gradation.

In this embodiment, the same or corresponding parts as those shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the present embodiment, a group of transmitting transducers G (p1) and G (p2) selected from a number of transducers constituting the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed on the surface side of the welded structure. ,
, G (pn),..., Ultrasonic waves are incident at an incident angle θ1 for the outward path so as to propagate through the surface layer on the surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, the transmitting ultrasonic wave propagates through the surface layer on the front edge side, and the defect 1 in the weld metal 1b of the welded structure 1 is removed.
c.

At this time, each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1),
G (r2),..., G (rn),... Are set so that they can be received at a reception angle θ4 different from the incident angle.
Detection is performed as shown in FIG.

Each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1), G (r
2),..., G (rn),..., The amplitude value H of the waveform detected by each of the receiving transducer groups G (r1), G (r2),
, G (rn),... And the center position, the distribution as shown in FIG. 16C is obtained. At this time, if the defect depth d is different, the shape of the distribution is different as shown in FIG. What is the defect depth d? The reception vibration obtained at the center position G (P) of the reception transducer group obtained at the peak position P of the amplitude value distribution in FIG. 16D and the intersection Q of the reference line for measuring the defect depth and the amplitude value distribution. From the center position G (Q) of the child group, d = G (Q) -G (P).

When the amplitude value of the received waveform of the receiving transducer group G (ri) is displayed in color gradation and displayed as a cross-sectional image of the welded structure 1, FIG. 16D is obtained. The defect depth d can also be obtained from the relationship between the echo amplitude value on the image and the defect depth d which has been obtained in advance through experiments or the like.

Further, the selected transmitting transducer group G (p
1) When flaw detection by linear scanning is performed using G (pn), the receiving transducer groups G (ri),.
It is also possible to perform linear scanning continuously using (rn), and this operation enables detailed flaw detection of the entire welded structure 1. At this time, the detected waveform is analyzed by using the method shown in FIG. 16 or by comparing the detected waveform data of each of the receiving transducer groups G (ri),..., G (rn), and averaging. By performing such processing, the defect depth d can be measured.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high precision by performing the flaw detection under the appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

FIG. 17 illustrates a fourteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a butt weld of a K-shaped groove using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. FIG. In FIG. 17, (a) is a conceptual diagram in which an array-type ultrasonic probe is installed in parallel to a welded structure and, for example, a defect is detected in a butt weld of a K-shaped groove. (b) is a graph showing the amplitude value distribution of the detected waveform detected by the group of receiving transducers, and (c) is a graph showing the waveform detected by the group of receiving transducers G (Prj).

In this embodiment, the array type ultrasonic probe 2 having a group of transmitting transducers and a group of receiving transducers selected from a large number of transducers is arranged in parallel with the welding structure 1. At the same time, flaw detection by linear scanning is performed while transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves in advance at an incident angle θ so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, each of the receiving transducer groups receives a reflected wave from the defect 1c of the weld metal 1b, and the received reflected wave passes through a path (Uw) to detect a detected waveform at the position of the receiving transducer group. Is obtained. The distribution of the amplitude values is shown with respect to the center position of the transmission / reception vibrator group G (Pr), as shown in FIG.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the reference line for defect depth measurement prepared in a database in advance is applied to the line of the amplitude value distribution shown in FIG.
A specific receiving transducer G (Pr) located at the intersection Q is obtained from the receiving transducer group G (Prj) used for measuring the depth c.

A specific receiving transducer G located at the intersection Q
In (Pr), the waveform shown in (c) of FIG. 17 is detected. From the waveform diagram shown in FIG. 17C, in the present embodiment, when the depth of the defect 1c is d using the ultrasonic beam path Wd to the defect 1c, d = Wd · cos θ, and The position L of 1c can be obtained as L = Wd · sin θ.

Further, the defect depth d is obtained by calculating the center position G (Prj) of the group of receiving transducers obtained at the peak position P of the amplitude width distribution in FIG. 17B, the reference line for measuring the defect depth, and the amplitude value. The center position G (P of the receiving transducer group obtained at the intersection Q of the distribution
r) can be obtained as d = G (Prj) -G (Pr).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing various arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. Can be.

FIG. 18 illustrates a fifteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention which is applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. FIG. 18 (a) shows an array-type ultrasonic probe installed at an angle of elevation with respect to a welded structure, and inspects, for example, a defect in a butt weld of a K-shaped groove. (B) is a graph showing an amplitude value distribution of a detected waveform detected by the receiving transducer, and (c) is a waveform detected by the receiving transducer group G (Prj). It is a graph.

In this embodiment, the array type ultrasonic probe 2 is installed at an angle of elevation with respect to the welded structure 1.
An ultrasonic beam having a higher incident intensity can be incident on the defect 1c.

The ultrasonic transmission / reception method and the analysis processing method are the same as those in the fourteenth embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.

FIG. 19 illustrates a sixteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention which is applied to, for example, a butt weld of a K-shaped groove using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. FIG. In FIG. 19, (a) shows that the array type ultrasonic probe 2 is installed in parallel with the welded structure,
For example, it is a conceptual diagram for inspecting a defect in a butt weld of a K-shaped groove, and (b) is a master curve showing a relationship between an amplitude value and a tilt angle of the defect. Note that the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding portions as those in FIG.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19A, the amplitude value Hθ of the waveform of the defect 1c is obtained from a specific receiving transducer G, and the obtained amplitude value Hθ is converted to the amplitude value Hθ of FIG. The relationship between the inclination angle β of the defect 1c and the amplitude distribution of the detected waveform (in the case of the incident angle θ) is collated with the master curve indicating the inclination angle βd of the defect 1c of the weld metal 1b.

As described above, in this embodiment, the flaw detection is performed under appropriate flaw detection conditions, the amplitude value of the detected waveform is obtained, and the obtained amplitude value of the detected waveform is collated with the master curve to obtain the inclination angle βd of the defect 1c. Therefore, the inclination angle βd of the defect 1c can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy.

In this embodiment, flaw detection is performed under appropriate flaw detection conditions, the amplitude value of the detected waveform is obtained, and the obtained amplitude value of the detected waveform is compared with the master curve to obtain the inclination angle βd of the defect 1c. However, the present invention is not limited to this example.
As shown in the seventh embodiment, the array-type ultrasonic probe 2 may be installed at an angle of elevation with respect to the welded structure 1, and flaw detection, analysis, and the like may be performed using the master curve as described above. Good.

FIG. 21 illustrates an eighteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a butt weld of a K-shaped groove using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. FIG. In FIG. 21, (a) shows an array type ultrasonic probe installed in parallel with the welded structure, and for example, in a defect inspection of a butt weld of a K-shaped groove, a sector-shaped electronic scanning (sector-shaped). It is a conceptual diagram showing flaw detection of (scanning),
(B) is a graph showing the amplitude value distribution of the defect reflected wave with respect to the incident angle detected by the receiving transducer, and (c) is a graph showing the waveform detected by the specific receiving transducer G (Prj). (D) is a diagram used for explanation when calculating the defect depth d.

In the present embodiment, the array type ultrasonic probe 2 having a group of transmitting transducers and a group of receiving transducers selected from a large number of transducers is arranged in parallel with the welding structure 1. At the same time, the flaw detection is carried out by fan-shaped electronic scanning while transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves at an incident angle θ in advance so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom side of the welded structure 1.

At this time, each receiving transducer group receives a reflected wave from the defect 1c of the weld metal 1b, and the received reflected wave passes through a path (Uw) to detect a detected waveform at the position of each receiving transducer. Is obtained. The distribution of the amplitude values is shown with respect to the center position of the transmitting / receiving vibrator group G (Prj), as shown in FIG.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the reference line for defect depth measurement prepared in advance in the database is applied to the amplitude value distribution line shown in FIG.
A specific incident angle θa located at the intersection Ha and a specific receiving transducer G (Pr
j) is obtained.

A specific receiving transducer G located at the intersection Ha
In (Prj), the waveform shown in FIG. 21C is detected under the condition of the incident angle θa, and the ultrasonic beam path Wd is obtained. As can be seen from the waveform diagram shown in FIG. 21C, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21D, the ultrasonic beam path Wd to the defect 1c is obtained under the condition of the incident angle θa.
When the depth of the defect 1c is d using the following equation, d = Wd · c
osθ and the position L of the defect 1c, L =
Wd · sin θ.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the defect position and the defect depth can be measured efficiently and with high accuracy by performing the flaw detection under appropriate flaw detection conditions and performing the arithmetic processing based on the detected waveform data. it can.

In this embodiment, the array-type ultrasonic probe 2 is installed in parallel with the welding structure 1, and the ultrasonic probe 2 propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side of the welding structure 1. Is transmitted and received at an incident angle θ in advance, and the flaw detection is performed by fan-shaped electronic scanning. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, as shown in a nineteenth embodiment of FIG. May be installed at an angle of elevation with respect to the welded structure 1 to perform flaw-shaped electronic scanning for flaw detection. At this time, the depth d and the position L of the defect 1c are the same as those in FIG.

Further, in the present embodiment, the array type ultrasonic probe 2 installed at an angle parallel or at an elevation angle with respect to the welded structure 1 is one, but is not limited to this example. As shown in the twentieth embodiment, array-type ultrasonic probes 2a and 2b arranged in parallel with welding structure 1 are arranged in parallel.
Or, for example, as shown in a twenty-first embodiment of FIG. 24, array-type ultrasonic probes 2a and 2b arranged in parallel at an angle of elevation with respect to the welded structure 1. One may be used for transmission and the other may be used for reception, and the intersection of the ultrasonic beams of both array-type ultrasonic probes 2a and 2b may be set to the position of the defect 1c of the weld metal 1b. Also, for example, as shown in the twenty-second embodiment of FIG. 25, the transmitting and receiving transducer groups 13a and 13b of the array-type ultrasonic probe 2 are moved with respect to the defect 1c of the weld metal 1b in the welded structure 1. They may be arranged axially symmetrically.

[0133]

As described above, according to the present invention,
When detecting flaws in the weld metal of a welded structure, an array-type ultrasonic probe equipped with a plurality of transducers is installed on the front side of the welded structure. Ultrasonic waves are propagated so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom side of the structure, diffracted waves from the tip of the defect, reflected waves from the defect corners or reflected waves from the defect, and image processing and analysis of waveform data By performing the processing, defect information can be measured with high accuracy.

Further, according to the present invention, in the defect inspection on the surface side of the welded structure, ultrasonic waves are transmitted so as to propagate on the surface layer on the surface side of the welded structure, and flaw detection by linear scanning is performed. Performing flaw detection by so-called fan-shaped scanning by sequentially changing the incident angle of ultrasonic waves from the surface layer on the surface side to the inside, detecting reflected waves from defects,
By performing the image processing and the analysis processing of the waveform data, it is possible to detect a defect and measure the depth with high accuracy from the relationship between the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave and the amplitude value of the reflection angle.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram used for explaining an ultrasonic transmission / reception method according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is an ultrasonic wave; It is a conceptual diagram which shows that a beam propagates on the surface layer on the bottom side of a welded structure, receives reflected waves from a defect along the same path, and shows flaw detection by linear scanning. It is a graph showing a detection waveform in the selected transmitting and receiving transducer group,
(C) is a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude value of the detected waveform at the time of flaw detection by linear scanning and the center position of the ultrasonic transmission / reception transducer group.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure; Indicates that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions in which ultrasonic beams are received at right angles to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) is a receiving transducer group G (r
A graph showing a detected waveform in i), (b-2) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rj), and (b-3) is a detection in the receiving transducer group G (rk). It is a graph which shows a waveform, (c) is an end echo Ft as a reflected wave which the receiving transducer group G (rj) detected.
It is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of ip, (d) is the graph which compared end echo Ftip and reflected wave Fc in the transducer group G (rj) for reception.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure. Indicates that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions in which ultrasonic beams are received at right angles to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) is a receiving transducer group G (r
A graph showing the detected waveform in i), (b-2) is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rj), and (b-3) is a detection in the receiving transducer group G (rn). It is a graph which shows a waveform, (c) is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of the edge echo as a reflected wave which the receiving transducer group G (rj) detected, and (d) is a receiving transducer. End echo Ftip and reflected wave Fc in group G (rj)
The graph which contrasted with.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure. Indicates that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions in which ultrasonic beams are received at right angles to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) is a graph which shows the detection waveform from a virtual sound source when there is no defect in a part to be inspected, (b-
2) is a graph showing a detected waveform from a virtual sound source when the inspection target portion has a defect, and (c) is a graph of an end echo as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj). It is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value, (d) is an end echo Ftip and the reflected wave F in the receiving transducer group G (rj).
The graph which compared with c.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fifth embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention, in which (a) shows an ultrasonic beam on the bottom side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to a welded structure; FIG. 7B is a conceptual diagram showing that linear scanning is performed under a flaw detection condition of transmitting an ultrasonic beam in a direction perpendicular to a welded structure at the time of reception so as to propagate a surface layer portion, and FIG. 7A is a graph showing a detected waveform in the group of transducers for use G (Prn), and FIG. 7C is a graph showing the amplitude value of the detected waveform at the time of flaw detection using linear scanning in relation to the center position of the group of received transducers. And using the defect depth as a parameter, (d)
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of a welded structure in which the echo amplitude value intensity from a defect detected during linear scanning is displayed in color gradation.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a sixth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a ninth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention.

13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a tenth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure. Shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions that receive ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) is a receiving transducer group G.
Graph showing the detected waveform in (ri), (b-2)
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rj), and (b-3) is a graph showing the detected transducer group G (rj).
7 is a graph showing a detection waveform in k), and FIG.
It is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave which the receiving transducer group G (rj) detected,
(D) is a graph comparing the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc in the receiving transducer group G (rj).

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an ultrasonic inspection method according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure. Shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions that receive ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) shows the receiving transducer group G
Graph showing the detected waveform in (ri), (b-2)
Is a graph showing a detected waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rj), and (b-3) is a graph showing the detected transducer group G (rj).
7 is a graph showing a detection waveform in k), and FIG.
It is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave detected by the receiving transducer group G (rj),
(D) is a graph comparing the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc in the receiving transducer group G (rj).

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a twelfth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2, wherein (a) is a welding structure. Shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting ultrasonic waves to the object, and that linear scanning is performed under flaw detection conditions that receive ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the welded structure during reception. It is a conceptual diagram, (b-1) is a graph which shows the detection waveform from a virtual sound source in the case where there is no defect in a part to be inspected, and (b-2) is a graph which shows the virtual waveform when there is a defect in a part to be inspected. It is a graph which shows the detection waveform from a sound source, (c) is
It is a graph which shows the maximum amplitude value of the end echo Ftip as a reflected wave which the receiving transducer group G (rj) detected,
(D) is a graph comparing the end echo Ftip and the reflected wave Fc in the receiving transducer group G (rj).

16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a thirteenth embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the figure, (a) shows that the ultrasonic beam propagates through the surface layer on the surface side when transmitting and receiving the ultrasonic wave to and from the welding structure, and the ultrasonic wave in the direction perpendicular to the welding structure when receiving the ultrasonic beam. It is a conceptual diagram which shows performing linear scanning on the flaw detection conditions which receive a beam, (b) is a graph which shows the detection waveform in the receiving transducer group G (rn) arbitrarily detected,
(C) is a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude value of the detected waveform at the time of flaw detection using linear scanning and the center position of the group of received transducers, and (d) is the echo amplitude from a defect detected during linear scanning. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional image of a welded structure when a value intensity is displayed in color gradation.

17 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fourteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the drawing, (a) is a conceptual diagram in which an array-type ultrasonic probe is installed in parallel with a welded structure and, for example, a defect of a butt weld portion of a K-shaped groove is inspected. (b) is a graph showing the amplitude value distribution of the detected waveform detected by the receiving transducer, and (c) is a graph showing the waveform detected by the receiving transducer group G (Prj).

FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fifteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array-type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the drawing, (a) is a conceptual diagram in which an array type ultrasonic probe is installed at an angle of elevation with respect to a welded structure and, for example, a defect of a butt weld of a K-shaped groove is inspected. Yes,
(B) is a graph showing an amplitude value distribution of a detected waveform detected by the receiving transducer, and (c) is a receiving transducer group G.
7 is a graph showing a waveform detected by (Prj).

FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a sixteenth embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the drawing, (a) is a conceptual diagram in which an array-type ultrasonic probe is installed in parallel with a welded structure and, for example, a defect of a butt weld portion of a K-shaped groove is inspected. b) is a master curve showing the relationship between the amplitude value and the inclination angle of the defect.

FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a seventeenth embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the drawing, (a) is a conceptual diagram in which an array type ultrasonic probe is installed at an angle of elevation with respect to a welded structure and, for example, a defect of a butt weld of a K-shaped groove is inspected. Yes,
(B) is a master curve showing the relationship between the amplitude value and the inclination angle of the defect.

FIG. 21 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an eighteenth embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the figure, (a) shows an array-type ultrasonic probe installed in parallel with the welded structure, and for example, in a defect inspection of a butt weld of a K-shaped groove, a sector-shaped electronic scan (sector-shaped). FIG. 7B is a conceptual diagram showing flaw detection in (scanning), FIG. 8B is a graph showing the amplitude value distribution of a defective reflected wave with respect to the incident angle detected by the receiving oscillator, and FIG. 9C is a specific receiving oscillator. Group G
(Prj) is a graph showing a detected waveform, and (d)
FIG. 3 is a diagram used for explanation when calculating the depth d of a defect.

FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a nineteenth embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a butt weld of a K-shaped groove using the array ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; In the figure, (a) shows an array-type ultrasonic probe installed at an angle of elevation with respect to a welded structure, and for example, in a defect inspection of a butt weld of a K-shaped groove, a fan-shaped ultrasonic probe is used. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the flaw detection of electronic scanning (fan-shaped scanning), (b)
It is a graph which shows the amplitude value distribution of the defect reflected wave with respect to the incident angle which the receiving transducer detected, (c) is a graph which shows the waveform which the specific receiving transducer group G (Prj) detected, (d) is a diagram used as an explanatory diagram when calculating the defect depth d.

23 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a twentieth embodiment of the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array type ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. .

FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a twenty-first embodiment of an ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the present invention applied to, for example, a K-shaped groove butt weld using the array ultrasonic probe shown in FIG. 2; .

FIG. 25 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a twenty-second embodiment of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Welded structure 1a Base material 1b Weld metal 1c Defect 2, 2a, 2b Array type ultrasonic probe 3 Sensor holding mechanism 4 Drive mechanism 5 Drive mechanism control device 6 Control device 7 Delay time controller 8 Ultrasonic transmitter group 9 Ultrasonic receiver group 10 Image processing device 11 Signal processing device 12 Display device 13a, 13b Transducer

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Satoshi Nagai 2-4 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside Keihin Works, Toshiba Corporation (72) Takahiro Kubo 2-chome, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Address Toshiba Keihin Works Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsuhiko Naruse 8 Shinsugitacho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture F-term in Toshiba Yokohama Works Co., Ltd. GG33 GH13

Claims (16)

[Claims] A means for setting an array-type ultrasonic probe having a plurality of transducers at a predetermined position on a surface side of an inspection object; and moving the array-type ultrasonic probe. Driving means, the shape and dimensions of the inspection object, welding material,
Means for selecting a transducer of the array type ultrasonic probe as a transducer group for transmitting ultrasound and a transducer group for receiving ultrasound based on welding conditions, and an inspection object using the selected transducer group Means for converging and deflecting the ultrasonic beam at the position of the object, means for performing electronic scanning of the ultrasonic transmission transducer group and the ultrasonic reception transducer group, and detection by the ultrasonic reception transducer group Image processing based on the obtained ultrasonic waveform,
Means for displaying an image processing result, means for performing analysis processing based on the ultrasonic waveform and obtaining defect information using an amplitude distribution of a defect signal with respect to an electronic scanning position or a mechanical scanning position of the ultrasonic probe, Means for displaying the analysis result. 2. A step of selecting a portion to be inspected of a welded structure based on a past operation history, and a flaw detection condition stored in a database in advance based on a material of a weld portion, a groove shape, and welding conditions. Based on the selected process, based on the selected flaw detection conditions, the part to be inspected is inspected by electronic scanning using an array type ultrasonic probe, and the process of recording the detected ultrasonic waveform data, and the recorded waveform Image processing based on the data, superimposing the image processing result on the shape of the inspection object, performing color gradation display corresponding to the magnitude of the echo amplitude value, and recording the waveform data for ultrasonic reception vibration Calculating in accordance with the position of each child group, analyzing the defect information based on the ultrasonic waveform data detected in the inspection target portion of the welded structure in the previous period, and performing the color gradation process result and the defect information. Based on the process results to be analyzed An ultrasonic flaw detection method, comprising the steps of: determining the presence or absence of a defect by performing the process; and displaying the image processing result and the analysis result. 3. An array-type ultrasonic probe having a plurality of transducers is installed at a predetermined position on the surface side of an inspection object, and an ultrasonic wave is selected from among the array-type ultrasonic probe. A transmitting / receiving vibrator group is selected, the transmitting / receiving angle of the ultrasonic transmitting / receiving vibrator group is set to be the same, and the ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving vibrator group is set so as to propagate through the surface layer on the bottom side of the inspection object. The step of linearly scanning the group of transmitting transducers of the tentacles to detect flaws, and based on the reflected waveform from the defect detected when receiving under the same conditions as the transmitting angle using the ultrasonic receiving transducer group. Ultrasonic beam path, echo amplitude value, a step of obtaining an echo amplitude value distribution, a step of applying a defect depth measurement reference line prepared in a database to the obtained amplitude value distribution to obtain a defect depth, Defect Waveforms from Transduced Ultrasound Transducers 3. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of obtaining a defect position based on said ultrasonic beam path and a transmission / reception angle. 4. When ultrasonic waves are made to enter the surface layer on the bottom side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set to be perpendicular to the inspection object, and the ultrasonic waves are generated from defects. 3. The ultrasonic inspection method according to claim 2, further comprising a step of detecting a diffracted wave and a reflected wave generated from a defect corner portion, and obtaining defect information from the detected ultrasonic beam path and echo amplitude value. Method. 5. When the ultrasonic wave is made to enter the surface layer on the bottom side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator is set in an arc shape centering on the defect position, and the ultrasonic wave is received. A specific ultrasonic reception transducer selected from the position of the transducer received by the reception transducer and the echo amplitude value distribution generated by the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect and the maximum value of the echo amplitude value. 3. The ultrasonic inspection method according to claim 2, further comprising a step of obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on the defect information. 6. When ultrasonic waves are made to enter the surface layer on the bottom surface side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator is set so that the virtual reflection source position can be received as a sound source. The virtual reflection source position is sequentially changed so as to cover the entire inspection range of the inspection object to perform the inspection, and the position of the vibrator received for each inspection at each virtual sound source and the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect. A step of obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer selected from the echo amplitude value distribution generated in the above and the maximum value of the echo amplitude value. 3. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 2, wherein: 7. When an ultrasonic wave is made to enter the surface layer on the bottom side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator group is set to an angle different from the incident angle, and the mode conversion is performed at the defect part. 3. An ultrasonic wave according to claim 2, further comprising a step of detecting the detected ultrasonic waveform, and obtaining defect information from the detected ultrasonic beam path, the echo amplitude value, or the flaw detection sectional image obtained from the echo amplitude value. Flaw detection method. 8. When ultrasonic waves are made to enter the surface layer on the front side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving vibrator group is set to an angle different from the incident angle, and the mode is determined by a front defect. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising a step of detecting the converted ultrasonic waveform and obtaining defect information from the detected ultrasonic beam path, the echo amplitude value or the flaw detection sectional image obtained from the echo amplitude value. Sonic flaw detection method. 9. When ultrasonic waves are made to enter the surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object, the reception angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set to be perpendicular to the inspection object, and the ultrasonic wave is received from the tip of the defect. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: detecting a diffracted wave generated and a reflected wave generated from the defect corner, and obtaining defect information based on the detected ultrasonic beam path and echo amplitude value. Ultrasonic flaw detection method. 10. When ultrasonic waves are incident so as to propagate on a surface layer on the front surface side of an inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set in an arc shape centering on a defect position. A specific ultrasonic reception selected from the position of the group of transducers received by the group of transducers for ultrasonic reception and the echo amplitude value distribution generated by the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect and the maximum value of the echo amplitude value 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on the transducer group. 11. When ultrasonic waves are made to enter the surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object, the receiving angle of the ultrasonic wave receiving transducer group is set so that the virtual reflection source position can be received as a sound source. Flaw detection by sequentially changing the virtual reflection source position so as to cover the entire flaw detection range of the inspection object,
A specific ultrasonic reception selected from the position of the group of transducers received for each flaw detection at each virtual sound source and the echo amplitude value distribution generated by the echo amplitude value of the diffracted wave from the defect and the maximum value of the echo amplitude value 3. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 2, further comprising a step of obtaining defect information from an ultrasonic beam path obtained based on the group of transducers. 12. An array type ultrasonic probe is installed at any one of an angle which is parallel and an elevation angle with respect to a flaw detection portion of an inspection object, and an ultrasonic wave is selected from the array type ultrasonic probe. A transducer group for transmission and reception is selected, the incident angle of the transducer group for ultrasonic transmission and reception is set to be the same, and the array-type ultrasonic probe is propagated on the surface layer on the surface side of the inspection object. A step of linear flaw detection and a step of obtaining a distribution of echo amplitude values from a reflected waveform of a defect detected from the ultrasonic receiving transducer group, and a distribution of the obtained amplitude values,
A step of applying a reference line for measuring the depth of the defect that has been made into a database in advance, and obtaining a specific ultrasonic receiving transducer,
3. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 2, further comprising a step of obtaining defect information based on an obtained ultrasonic beam path and an incident angle of a defect waveform from the specific ultrasonic receiving transducer. 13. A method for determining an amplitude value distribution based on a reflection waveform of a defect detected from a specific ultrasonic wave receiving transducer, and determining a defect inclination angle in a database and the defect angle from the amplitude value distribution. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 12, wherein 14. An array type ultrasonic probe is installed at any one of an angle which is parallel and an elevation angle with respect to a flaw detection part of an inspection object, and an ultrasonic type ultrasonic probe is selected from the array type ultrasonic probe. A group of ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving transducers is selected, and the ultrasonic deflection angle of the ultrasonic wave transmitting / receiving vibrator group is sequentially changed at a predetermined pitch, and the array type ultrasonic probe is scanned in a sector shape to perform flaw detection. A step of obtaining an amplitude value distribution from a reflection waveform of a defect detected from the ultrasonic receiving transducer group; Fitting, the step of determining the incident angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer, based on the calculated incident angle of the ultrasonic receiving transducer and the ultrasonic beam path of the defect waveform from the specific ultrasonic receiving transducer. And a process for obtaining defect information. Characteristic ultrasonic flaw detection method. 15. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to claim 2, wherein at least two or more array type ultrasonic probes are arranged and used in parallel. 16. An array type ultrasonic probe in which ultrasonic transmitting / receiving vibrators are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to a flaw detection portion of an inspection object.
15. The ultrasonic flaw detection method according to 2 or 14.