JP2001221014A - Closed-cycle gas turbine and mover driven by it - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a completely clean, small, high-performance, long-life and low-cost closed-cycle gas turbine capable of preventing air pollution and global warming, and a machine system driven by the turbine. SOLUTION: As a power system 12 of the machine system 14, the closed-cycle gas turbine 10 is adopted. The gas turbine 10 is provided with a high pressure pump 24, and high temperature gas is electrically generated from two-phase liquid formed of a compound by an electric evaporator 16. The two-phase liquid is injected to the gas to generate high pressure steam in a mixing chamber 18, thereby driving an expansion turbine 22. Expansion gas is condensed by a condenser 22 and circulated to the high pressure pump 24.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a closed cycle gas turbine and a power system, and more particularly, to a closed cycle power system and a mechanical system driven by the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, closed cycle gas has been used as an effective measure to prevent depletion of petroleum resources, air pollution caused by harmful gases emitted from various industrial fields such as automobiles, factories and power plants, and global warming caused by carbon dioxide emission. Attention has been paid to turbines, and power systems using the turbines have been proposed.

[0003] US Patent No. 4,876,855 proposes a closed cycle Rankine cycle power plant consisting of a boiler, a turbine and a condenser. In this technology, first, the boiler is large and inefficient, and the manufacturing cost is high. Second, the working fluid using the two fluids has a low vapor pressure and low power generation efficiency.

[0004] US Patent No. 5,570,579 proposes a closed cycle power system with a high speed machine comprising first and second turbine wheels. In this technique, a system in which the piping systems for the first and second turbines are both extended into a large-sized evaporator and heated by a city gas or petroleum-based fuel burner is employed. Structural evaporator becomes large in this system, moreover, NOX, SOX, is released in large quantities of environmental pollutants CO _2. Second, the power system becomes large and expensive. Further, since a large number of pipes are used in the system and the pipes are long, the flow path resistance is increased and the power generation efficiency is reduced.

[0005]

The conventional closed cycle power systems are all large and inefficient, so it has been difficult to reduce the size and performance of the system and to reduce the cost. Therefore, it has been difficult to put it into practical use as a distributed small power generation system or a compact power system for vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks, buses, ships, and aircraft.

An object of the present invention is to provide a closed cycle gas turbine that can be used as a next-generation energy system having a small size, a high performance, a low cost, and a low running cost, and a mechanical system driven by the gas turbine.

[0007] Other objects of the present invention are from distributed small generators for cogeneration to large generators, as well as motorcycles,
Small and high-performance that can be practically used for mechanical systems consisting of moving objects such as passenger cars, trucks, buses, special vehicles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, aircraft, ships, space probes, underground probes, underwater probes, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a compact, long-life, low-cost closed-cycle gas turbine.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the first invention of the present application, the closed cycle gas turbine includes: (a) an engine housing including a closed system in which a working fluid containing a compound having a liquid phase and a gas phase is sealed; b) an electric evaporation means housed in the engine housing and heating the working fluid to generate a power gas; (c) an expansion turbine for expanding the power gas to generate power; and (d) cooling the expansion gas. And (e) a high-pressure pump coupled to the expansion turbine in the engine housing and supplying the condensate under pressure to the electric evaporation means.

In the second invention of the present application, the mechanical system includes: (a) an engine housing including a closed system in which a working fluid containing a compound having a liquid phase and a gas phase is sealed; and (b) housed in the engine housing. And (c) an expansion turbine that expands the power gas to generate power; and (d) condenses to cool the expansion gas to generate a condensate. (E) a high-pressure pump connected to the expansion turbine in the engine housing and supplying condensate under pressure to the electric evaporation means; (f) a generator driven by the expansion turbine; (g) power generation Motor means driven by the electrical output of the machine; and (h) propulsion means driven by the motor means.

[0010]

In the closed cycle gas turbine of the present invention and the mechanical system driven by the same, a working fluid comprising a two-phase liquid of a liquid phase and a gas phase is brought into contact with an electric heating element in an electric evaporation means to generate a power gas. Power by the expansion turbine, condensing the turbine exhaust to generate condensate, and circulating the condensate to the electric evaporator under pressure by a high-pressure pump, resulting in compact, high-performance, high-efficiency, The cost is reduced.

[0011]

FIG. 1 shows a power system 12 employing a closed cycle gas turbine 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows a mechanical system 14 composed of a hybrid mobile body incorporating the same. The gas turbine 10 includes an electric evaporator 16, a mixing chamber 18, a steam control valve 19, and an expansion turbine 2.
0, a closed cycle 26 comprising a condenser 22 and a high-pressure pump 24. In the closed cycle 26, a solution of a gas phase and a liquid phase compound composed of a single substance or a mixture selected from the group consisting of water, ammonia, alcohol, amine, and fluorine compound is used. The fluorine compound is fluorinol C ₂ F ₃ H ₂ O which is an alcoholic fluorine compound.
H is good because it has high heat resistance and mixes well with water. Particularly, a mixture obtained by adding 10 to 20% of ammonia to methyl alcohol CH ₃ OH among the above compounds has a melting point of −80.
° C and a boiling point of 50 ° C. That is, it becomes a gas phase at 50 ° C. or higher and 100 b at 215 ° C.
ar, 330 bar at 260 ° C, 400ba at 270 ° C
It becomes high-pressure steam of 500 bar at 280 ° C., which is effective for miniaturization and high performance. In this embodiment, an example in which this organic mixed solution is used will be described.

The electric evaporator 16 is connected to a heating power supply 28 composed of a three-phase AC inverter from a heating power supply 50 to 100 V, as described later.
alts, three-phase AC power of 50 to 400 Hz is intermittently supplied as heating power. At this time, the electric evaporator 1
In 6, the mixed solution 39 is supplied to the electric evaporator 16 and the mixing chamber 18 via the circulation systems 40 and 42, respectively. The mixed solution evaporates in the electric evaporator 16 and the steam is injected into the mixing chamber 18 as a hot gas. The condensed liquid 42 under pressure is injected into the mixing chamber 18, evaporates instantaneously upon contact with the high-temperature gas, and a high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is generated as a power gas. This working fluid is supplied to the expansion turbine 20 through the steam control valve 19 and the output shaft 3
4 to generate power. A rotation sensor 35 is provided on the output shaft 34.
Are connected, and the rotation signal is supplied to the control device 37.
The electric evaporator 16 is provided with a temperature sensor 33,
A temperature signal is output to the control device 37, and the control device 37 controls on / off of the heating power supply 28 so that the temperature of the electric evaporator 16 becomes 300 ° C. Further, the control device 37 stores data corresponding to the reference rotation speed, compares the data with the output signal from the rotation sensor 35, and outputs the output signal 37a according to the error signal.
And controls the steam control valve 19 to control the expansion turbine 20
The expansion turbine 20 is controlled at a constant speed by controlling the supply amount of the working fluid to the expansion turbine 20.

The hybrid moving body 14 includes a radiator 43 and a circulation pump 41 at the front, and the cooling water 22 a is circulated into the condenser 22 to cool the turbine exhaust.
The high pressure pump 24 and the expansion turbine 20 are connected to the output shaft 34, and the generator GE is drive-connected.
The AC output of the GE is DC-converted by the adjuster 44 and a part of the battery is charged, and the remainder is AC-converted by the power converter 48 to drive the motor / generator 50 and drive the propulsion means 52 such as rear wheels. . The power converter 48 has both functions of a known inverter and a rectifying function.
Motor / generator 5 when braking hybrid vehicle 14
0, and converts the regenerative power of the AC
6 has the function of storing. At the time of heavy load such as climbing a hill, the output of the generator GE and the output of the battery 46 are simultaneously supplied to the motor / generator 50 to increase the driving force of the rear wheel 52. The front wheels 56 may be connected to the output shaft 34 via the drive shaft 54, and these may be directly driven.

FIGS. 2 to 5 show a specific structure of the gas turbine 10, and the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The gas turbine 10 includes first to third zones 60, 62,
An engine housing 66 having an engine 64 is provided. The engine housing 66 includes an outer cylinder 68, an inner cylinder 70, a front end plate 72, and an insulating rear end plate 7.
4 is provided. In the first zone 60, the electric evaporator 16
Then, the mixing chamber 18 is stored. The flywheel high-pressure pump 24 is arranged in the second zone 62,
The flywheel expansion turbine 20 is arranged in the third zone 64. As apparent from FIGS. 2 and 3, an arch-shaped insulating casing 78 having an arch-shaped evaporation chamber 76 in the first zone 60, an arch-shaped mixing chamber 18,
A high-pressure fluid supply chamber 80 formed in the middle of these
Is provided. The first zone 60 communicates with a high-pressure fluid supply path 82 formed between the outer cylinder 68 and the inner cylinder 70 so as to communicate with the high-pressure pump 24. On the other hand, the mixing chamber 18
Is formed between the outer cylinder 68 and the inner cylinder 70 adjacent to the high-pressure fluid supply passage 82 and communicates with a jet passage 84 for supplying a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid to the expansion turbine 20.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the electric evaporator 16 includes an electric heating means 86 arranged in an arched evaporation chamber 76. The electric heating means 86 is provided at a central portion of the evaporating chamber 76 at intervals in the circumferential direction and is connected to the three-phase AC electrodes 88, 90, and 92 connected to the heating power supply 28 (see FIG. 1).
6 and a circular arc-shaped neutral electrode 94 fixed to the bottom of the heating power supply 28 via a terminal 93 and grounded. The electric heating means 86 further comprises a mixture of a solid electric heating element 96 made of tungsten or the like and a heat storage body 98. In the embodiment, the mixture is composed of a ball-shaped electric heating element having a diameter of 3 to 20 mm and a ball-shaped heat storage element having the same diameter as these. The clearance 100 also functions as a minute passage for allowing the mixed solution to pass therethrough, and efficiently brings the mixed fluid into contact with a large number of balls to efficiently generate a high-temperature gas from the mixed solution. The electric evaporator 16 includes a plurality of mixed fluid supply ports 102 formed in an insulating casing 78 to supply a mixed fluid so as to intersect the arched inner wall of the arched evaporation chamber 76, and a high-temperature gas injection port 104. Chamber 18
Has a plurality of liquid injection ports 106 formed in the insulator 78. The high-temperature gas injected from the gas injection port 104 in the mixing chamber 18 comes into contact with the pressurized solution injected from the liquid injection port 106 and instantaneously evaporates, and a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is supplied from the jet passage 84 to the expansion turbine 20. Is done.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the flywheel expansion turbine 20 is press-fitted into the inner cylinder 70 and fixedly supported by other appropriate means, and is rotatably housed therein and connected to the output shaft 34. Turbine rotor 112
And Stator 110 is annular stator ring 11
4 and an arc-shaped stator blade 116 extending radially inward from a central portion thereof. On the other hand, the turbine rotor 112 is connected to the first and second flywheel rotor disks 11.
8, 120. As is apparent from FIG. 4, the stator 110 has a jet nozzle 122 communicating with the jet passage 84 and an outlet 12 communicating with an exhaust chamber 124 formed between the outer cylinder 68 and the inner cylinder 70.
6 is provided. Jet nozzle 122 and outlet 1
26, the partition member 128 is connected to the stator ring 11.
4 includes a jet stream guide surface 130 extending radially inward and facing the jet nozzle 122 and the outlet 126, respectively, and an exhaust guide surface 132.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the turbine rotor 1
12 has an annular jet passage 134 formed between the first and second rotor disks 118 and 120 and communicating with the jet nozzle 122 and the outlet 126, in which the arc-shaped stator blade 116 and the partition member 12 are provided.
8 are stored. As is apparent from FIG. 5, the stator blade 116 is adjacent to the jet nozzle 122 and deflects the jet stream S to the first and second rotor disks 118 and 120.
16a, a blade opening / closing section 116b for periodically interrupting the jet flow, and a plurality of auxiliary deflection guide sections 116c formed at intervals in the circumferential direction. The auxiliary guide portion 116c includes first and second rotor disks 118 and 12
With respect to 0, the jet flow passing through the annular jet passage 134 is deflected in the rotational direction to the first and second rotor disks 118 and 120 to collide many times and improve the turbine efficiency. Main deflection guide 1
The stator blade 116a and the auxiliary deflection guide portion 116c may be formed on the independent pieces by dividing the stator blade 116 into a plurality of pieces. Blade opening / closing section 116
b instantaneously shuts off the jet passage periodically, stops the jet flow on the first and second rotor disks 118 and 120 to generate a force due to inertial force and reaction, and causes the rotor disks 118 and 120 to rotate. Then, when the blade opening / closing portion 116b suddenly releases the pressure, the jet flow is accompanied by inertia force from the auxiliary deflection guide portion 116c to the rotor disks 118 and 120 again. The purpose is to increase the output of the turbine 20 by giving a strong impulse.

In order to meet the above purpose, the first and second rotor disks 118 and 120 are provided with flywheel disks 136 and 138 which are arranged at intervals in the axial direction, respectively.
Is provided. The flywheel disks 136 and 138 respectively have cylindrical bases 140 and 142 mounted on the output shaft 34.
, And the connection bolt 144 penetrates these. The bolt 144 extends between the flange 146 of the output shaft 34 and the holding flange 148 and
And the expansion turbine 20 are held at predetermined positions. FIG.
4 and 5, the flywheel disk 136,
138 are a plurality of turbine blades 15 having a plurality of arc-shaped cross sections which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and extend in the axial direction.
0, 152. Turbine blades 150, 152
Each have an arcuate blade surface and an arcuate back surface against which the jet stream impinges, and adjacent radial or valve surfaces 150a, 150a, 150a along the annular jet passage 136.
52a. As described above, the rotor disk 11
8, 120 with respect to the blade opening / closing portion 116b of the stator blade 116, the turbine blades 150, 1
When the valve surfaces 150a and 152a of the 52 periodically engage or overlap with each other, the jet flow is suddenly cut off, and the pressure of the jet flow in the blades 150 and 152 rises sharply to transfer rotational energy to the flywheel disks 136 and 138. accumulate. When the valve surfaces 150a, 152a are opened from the blade opening / closing portion 116b, the high-pressure jet flow accumulated in the blades 150, 152 is released at a stretch and is guided by the auxiliary deflection guide 116c, so that the next stage blade 150 , 152. In this way, the jet stream gives a strong torque to the turbine blades 150, 152 sequentially while passing through the annular jet passage 134, and this rotational energy is stored in the flywheel disks 136, 138. in this way,
The energy conversion efficiency of the jet stream is extremely high, and the turbine efficiency is significantly increased. In this manner, the jet stream expands and extends from outlet 126 to exhaust chamber 124.
The expansion gas 36 is discharged from the exhaust port 160 in FIG.
Of the condensed water and the helium gas are produced there. Mixed fluid 38
Is an introduction port 162 formed in the engine housing 66.
Is introduced into the high-pressure pump 24.

In FIG. 2, FIG. 4, and FIG. 6, the flywheel high-pressure pump 24 includes a stator 164 press-fitted concentrically with the stator 110 in an inner cylinder 70, and a pair of rotor disks rotatably housed therein. 166 and 168. The stator 164 includes an annular stator ring 172, an arc-shaped stator guide 174 extending radially inward from a central portion thereof, and a partition member 1.
76. The stator 164 has a suction port 178 adjacent to the arch-shaped guide surface 176a of the partition member 176,
A discharge port 180 adjacent to the arch-shaped guide surface 176b. The discharge port 180 communicates with the aforementioned plasma reactor via the fluid supply chamber 80. 4 and 6, the stator guide 174 has a suction port 178 and a discharge port 18.
0, a plurality of bucket opening / closing sections 174b, a plurality of bucket opening / closing sections 174b, and a plurality of arch-shaped bypasses. And a passage 174c. Rotor disks 166 and 168 are bolts 14
4 and fixedly supported on the output shaft 34 by the annular groove 182.
, In which the stator guide 174 is housed. Each of the rotor disks 166 and 168 includes a flywheel disk 184 and 186 and a plurality of axially extending arc-shaped buckets 184 formed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the flywheel disks 184 and 186.
a, 186a. The recesses of the buckets 184a, 186a face in the rotation direction. Bucket 184a, 1
The axial end of 86a extends radially along the annular groove 182 and periodically engages or overlaps the bucket opening and closing portion 174b to prevent fluid from returning. When the impeller 170 rotates, the fluid at the suction port 178
a, 186a, and are directed from the guide portion 174a to the buckets 184a, 186a at the subsequent stage, flow into them, and are trapped. That is, the fluid is applied to the guide 1
74a interacts with the buckets 184a, 186a to force fluid into the space between adjacent buckets,
From there, it is sent to the subsequent stage via a bypass passage 174c. In this way, the fluid is continuously supplied at high pressure to the discharge port 18.
It is pumped to zero. The high-pressure pump 24 has a flywheel effect for storing the rotational energy of the expansion turbine 20 in addition to the pump function.

[0020]

As is clear from the above, the closed cycle gas turbine and the mechanical system driven by the same according to the present invention can effectively prevent air pollution and global warming, and also have a problem of depleting petroleum resources. It has a high contribution as a next-generation energy system that can solve the problems.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a closed cycle gas turbine and mechanical system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the gas turbine of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a relationship diagram between a stator and a turbine rotor of the expansion turbine of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a stator and a rotor of the high-pressure pump of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 10 closed cycle gas turbine, 12 power system, 14 mechanical system, 16 electric evaporator, 18
Mixing chamber, 20 expansion turbine, 22
Condenser, 24 high pressure pump, 26 closed cycle,
28 plasma power supply, 43 radiator, 44 rectifier, 46 battery, 48 power converter, 5
0 motor generator, 52 rear wheel, 54 drive shaft,
56 Front Wheel

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. An engine housing having a closed system in which a working fluid containing a compound having a liquid phase and a gas phase is enclosed; and (b) heating the working fluid contained in the engine housing to heat the working fluid. (C) an expansion turbine that expands the power gas to generate power; (d) a condenser that cools the expansion gas to generate a condensate; (e) an engine housing A high pressure pump coupled to the expansion turbine and supplying condensate under pressure to the electric evaporator means. 2. The closed cycle gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is made of a compound containing a single substance or a mixture selected from the group consisting of water, ammonia, an amine, an alcohol, and a fluorocarbon compound. 3. The closed cycle gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is a mixture of methyl alcohol and ammonia water. 4. The closed cycle gas turbine according to claim 2, wherein the electric evaporation means includes an evaporation chamber communicating with the high pressure pump, and an electric heating means filled in the evaporation chamber. 5. The closed-cycle gas turbine according to claim 4, wherein the electric heating means comprises a counter electrode disposed in the evaporating chamber, a plurality of solid-state electric heating elements, and a solid-state accumulator. 6. The expansion turbine according to claim 2, wherein the expansion turbine includes a flywheel turbine communicating with the evaporation chamber.
A flywheel turbine includes a stator supported in an engine housing, and flywheel means rotatably housed in the stator. The stator includes means for deflecting a jet stream of power gas and blade opening / closing means, and the flywheel means comprises a jet. A closed cycle gas turbine comprising a flow deflecting means and a turbine blade moving along a blade opening and closing. 7. An engine housing having a closed system in which a working fluid containing a compound having a liquid phase and a gas phase is enclosed; and (b) heating the working fluid housed in the engine housing to heat the working fluid. (C) an expansion turbine that expands the power gas to generate power; (d) a condenser that cools the expansion gas to generate a condensate; (e) an engine housing A high pressure pump coupled to the expansion turbine and supplying condensate to the electric evaporation means under pressure; and (f) driven means driven by the expansion turbine. 8. The mechanical system according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical system comprises a moving body having a radiator, the driven means comprises propulsion means, and the condenser communicates with the radiator and is cooled by cooling water of the radiator. 9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
(G) a generator driven by an expansion turbine, and (h)
A power supply connected to the generator for supplying heating power to the electric power gas generating means. 10. An engine housing having a closed system in which a working fluid containing a compound having a liquid phase and a gas phase is enclosed; and (b) heating the working fluid housed in the engine housing to heat the working fluid. (C) an expansion turbine that expands the power gas to generate power; (d) a condenser that cools the expansion gas to generate a condensate; (e) an engine housing A high-pressure pump connected to the expansion turbine for supplying condensate to the electric evaporation means under pressure; (f) a generator driven by the expansion turbine; and (g) driven by the electrical output of the generator. A mechanical system comprising: motor means; and (h) propulsion means driven by the motor means. 11. A rectifier according to claim 21, wherein the mechanical system comprises a moving body, the motor means comprises a motor / generator, and (i) a rectifier for converting an AC output of the generator into a DC output; A mechanical system comprising: a power converter connected between the rectifier and the motor means; and (k) a battery connected to the rectifier and the power converter for storing brake regenerative power of the moving body. 12. The mechanical system according to claim 10, wherein the mechanical system comprises a moving body having a radiator, wherein the condenser communicates with the radiator, and cooling water of the radiator is circulated.