JP2001042337A - Liquid crystal display element and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably regulate an interval of substrates of a liquid crystal display element for a long period by imparting a thermosetting property or the like to a spacer which regulates a pair of the substrates to have the constant interval and mounting the spacer only on a coated film consisting of a photosensitive material and disposed on the substrates with a specific shape. SOLUTION: A black photosensitive resin 7 consisting of a photosensitive material is formed on a glass substrate 1 and spacer beads 8 having a thermosetting or thermoplastic property are fixed on the black photosensitive resin. Then a part of the black photosensitive resin 7 is removed by exposure and development to selectively dispose the spacer beads 8. The spacer used has preferably a two-layered structure wherein a polymer layer having the thermosetting or thermoplastic property is formed on a surface of a core of the spacer having no thermosetting nor thermoplastic property and used for the purpose of regulating the substrates to have a constant interval. Thereby, this liquid crystal display element having high accuracy for controlling the interval of the substrates can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element which stably regulates the distance between substrates of the liquid crystal display element for a long period of time and has excellent display quality, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a liquid crystal display element used in a liquid crystal display or a liquid crystal projector has a structure in which liquid crystal is injected and sealed between a pair of substrates having at least an electrode and an alignment film. In order to regulate the pair of substrates at a fixed interval, a method is usually adopted in which beads or rod-shaped spacers made of glass or plastic are scattered on one substrate and the other substrate is superposed. I have.

[0003]

However, if such a spacer is present in the pixel of the liquid crystal display element, the orientation of the liquid crystal may be poor, and the display quality may be degraded.

In addition, especially when a large liquid crystal display element is used upright at all times, the influence of gravity, vibration, etc.,
Since the spacers dispersed in the substrate move downward along the substrate, abnormalities may occur in the substrate interval.

At present, two types of prior arts have been proposed to solve such a problem.

A first method is to form a spacer on the substrate by applying a photosensitive polymer material or the like to the substrate and selectively peeling it off by a photolithographic method (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei. -223922, JP-A-6-17
No. 5133, and the like. This is called a polymer spacer method).

However, the polymer spacer method has the following problems. One is an increase in cost due to the polymer material itself for forming the polymer spacer, an increase in the number of steps for producing a liquid crystal display element by exposure and development thereof, and an increase in cost. The other is that the polymer spacer is a spacer. The problem is that the height accuracy is lower than that of beads. For example, among the methods of applying a polymer material or the like to a substrate, even the spin coating method, which is considered to have the highest accuracy, is said to have an accuracy of ± 3% of the coating film thickness. Therefore, for example, a height irregularity of ± 0.15 μm exists in a 5 μm polymer spacer,
In addition, this unevenness in accuracy makes the control more difficult as the substrate size increases.

On the other hand, in the method of spraying spacer beads on a substrate, for example, a bead diameter of 5 μm ± 0.0
It is also possible to manufacture and obtain 8 μm products. Therefore, as a second method, a plurality of methods have been proposed in which spacer beads are selectively arranged on a substrate so that the spacer beads are not left in a pixel region.

[0009] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-110827 discloses a technique shown in FIG. In this method, a light-fusible photosensitive spacer bead 23 is sprayed on a substrate having a light-shielding film 22 other than the pixel electrode portion, and then the spacer beads 23 of the pixel electrode portion 6 are removed by back exposure 31 from the back surface of the substrate 1. Is what you do. However, in this conventional example, it is necessary to use a substrate (for example, a TFT substrate) which does not block ultraviolet rays used for exposure except for the light-shielding film 22, and therefore cannot be used for a general color filter substrate.

Here, a TFT which is originally expensive in manufacturing cost
It is not preferable to add a new manufacturing process to the substrate because it may lower the yield and further increase the manufacturing cost.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-270806 discloses a technique shown in FIG. This is the TFT substrate 2
6, a gate insulating film 27, a passivation film 28, I
After the formation of the TO electrode 6 and the alignment film 29, a black photosensitive resin 30 containing a hot-melt resin is applied and exposed to light.
Then, the spacer beads 8 are sprayed and heated to increase the adhesion between the spacer beads 8 and the black photosensitive resin 30. By developing the spacer beads 8, the black photosensitive resin 30 is converted into a black matrix. This is to remove beads other than the part. However, this conventional example uses a black photosensitive resin 30 containing a hot-melt resin, a special material that is not used for manufacturing a general liquid crystal display element, and also forms a new black matrix on the TFT substrate 26 side. Unnecessary steps are required, which is not preferable because there is a possibility that the manufacturing cost may be increased due to an increase in the number of element manufacturing steps and material cost. In addition, in this conventional example, an alignment film 29 is formed on the substrate 26, and after performing an alignment treatment such as rubbing, the black photosensitive resin 30 is applied and developed. This is not a preferable method because the alignment film 29 is contaminated because the alignment film 29 is exposed to the organic solvent contained in the developer and the developing solution used for development, and the alignment regulating force is reduced.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-292619 discloses that when a black matrix is formed using a black photosensitive resin, spacer beads are mixed in the resin, and beads other than the black matrix portion are developed and exposed. There is disclosed a technique of removing. However, this conventional example has a problem that it is difficult to uniformly disperse the spacer beads in a highly viscous resin. If the beads are not uniformly dispersed in the black photosensitive resin, the distribution of the spacer beads in the substrate becomes non-uniform, and the distance between the substrates cannot be defined. Further, this conventional example has a problem that it is difficult to uniformly apply a resin mixed with beads to the entire substrate. For example, depending on spin coating, which is the most common solution coating method, the density of spacer beads at the center and at the periphery of the substrate may change due to centrifugal force.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and may degrade the display quality when it is located inside a pixel while taking advantage of the feature of the spacer beads that the distance between the substrates of the liquid crystal display element can be accurately controlled. In addition, by compensating for the drawback of being easily affected by gravity, vibration, etc., the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having a stable display distance between liquid crystal display elements for a long period of time and excellent display quality. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a relatively low cost.

[0014]

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, wherein the pair of substrates is defined at a predetermined interval. A liquid crystal display element, characterized in that the spacer to be formed has thermosetting or thermoplastic properties, and that the spacer is disposed only on a coating made of a photosensitive material disposed in a predetermined shape on the substrate. Alternatively, in a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal layer is provided between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, a spacer that defines the pair of substrates at a fixed interval has thermosetting or thermoplastic properties, and The liquid crystal display device, wherein the spacer adhered or fixed on the substrate is disposed only under a coating made of a photosensitive material disposed in a predetermined shape on the substrate, whereby The above problem Resolution can be.

Here, the spacer used in the present invention is a polymer having a thermosetting or thermoplastic property on the surface of a core of a thermosetting or non-thermoplastic spacer for defining the substrate at regular intervals. It is preferable that the layer has at least a two-layer structure in which a layer is formed, and may have a light-shielding property.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is characterized in that the coating made of the photosensitive material also serves as a black matrix of the liquid crystal display device. Consisting of a plurality of liquid crystal regions divided by a wall formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, the liquid crystal molecules in the plurality of liquid crystal regions are axially symmetrically aligned about an axis perpendicular to the pair of substrates. Liquid crystal display elements (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-301015,
No. 0728, etc. Axially Symmetric Orientation
mechanical Alignment Microc
e11), which is called an ASM and is a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle) in which the coating made of the photosensitive material is a wall formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal display element described above can solve the above-mentioned problem.

Further, in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, the spacer for defining the pair of substrates at a predetermined interval has thermosetting or thermoplastic properties, and a film made of a photosensitive material is formed on the substrates. Forming, dispersing the spacer on the coating, bonding or fixing the spacer on the coating by heating, and removing the photosensitive material by selectively removing the photosensitive material. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element including a step of selectively disposing the pair on a coating, or a spacer that defines the pair of substrates at a fixed interval has thermosetting or thermoplasticity, and the spacer is formed on the substrate. Spraying, bonding or fixing the spacer on the substrate by heating, forming a film of a photosensitive material on the substrate, and selectively removing the photosensitive material. Spacers and method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising the step of selectively disposed on the substrate, may solve the above problem by this.

Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described.

In the present invention, a coating 7 made of a photosensitive material is formed on the substrate 1, and a thermosetting or thermoplastic spacer bead 8 is sprayed on the coating 7 and the spacer bead 8 is formed by heating. After fixing on the film, exposure,
The spacer beads 8 are selectively arranged by removing a part of the coating by development. As described above, by using the spacer beads having higher precision in controlling the distance between the substrates as compared with the polymer spacer, and by the absence of the spacer beads inside the pixels of the liquid crystal display element, the uneven alignment of the liquid crystal due to the spacer beads is caused. Thus, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display element without deterioration in display quality.

Furthermore, according to this method, since the thermosetting or thermoplastic spacer beads 8 are used,
Spacer beads 8 are fixed to at least one substrate. Therefore, the spacer beads 8 do not move under the influence of gravity, vibration, or the like, and stable control of the substrate interval can be performed even during long-term use.

Here, "thermosetting" means 1 by heating.
When adhered to a substrate, the term "thermoplastic" is used to describe the property of not being softened by the subsequent heat process. . However, in the present invention, these spacer beads 8 merely define the distance between the substrates, and it is not important to adhere the substrates to each other.
There is no significant difference between using spacer beads showing either property.

The use of the light-shielding spacer beads is effective in preventing the display element from being blank even if the spacer beads 8 remain in the pixel portion. Is a black point, but it is said that the black point does not lower the display quality than the white spot).

Further, the coating 7 made of the photosensitive material is
By also serving as a black matrix which is an indispensable member in the liquid crystal display element, it is possible to use a special material as in the conventional example, and to introduce an extra manufacturing process only for selectively disposing the spacer beads 8. No need. Therefore, it is possible to provide a manufacturing method with extremely little increase in cost.

For the same reason, in a liquid crystal display device having a structure called ASM, it is preferable to use the wall structure 26, which is an essential member, as a film made of the photosensitive material.

In the present invention, spacer beads 8 having thermosetting or thermoplastic properties are sprayed on a substrate,
After fixing these spacer beads 8 on the overcoat layer and the ITO electrode 6 on the substrate 1 by heating, a film 7 made of a photosensitive material is formed thereon, and a part of the film is peeled off by exposure and development. As a result, spacer beads 8
May be selectively arranged. In this case, of the spacer beads 8 fixed on the substrate, it is necessary to forcibly remove the spacer beads from the portion from which the coating has been removed, which may be performed by washing with a high-pressure water flow during or after development, or using a brush. It can be satisfactorily removed by washing. Even in such an order of steps, a liquid crystal display element having the same advantages as described above is provided.

The thermosetting or thermoplastic spacer beads used in the present invention are described in, for example, JP-A No. 1-24.
As shown in JP-A-7155 and JP-A-9-80448, at least a two-layer structure (three or more layers) in which fine particles made of glass, plastic, or the like are coated with an olefin resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl resin, or the like is coated. (It does not matter if it is used), and it does not cause any special cost increase.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments.

Embodiment 1 A method for producing a substrate with a color filter used in the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

Green, red, and blue pixels are formed on a glass substrate 1 by a dry film resist (DFR) 2 of each color.
3 and 4 are attached in this order, and exposure, development and baking are repeated. 1 (a) is a glass substrate, FIG. 1 (b) is a state in which a first color DFR is attached to a glass substrate, FIG. 1 (c) is a state after mask exposure, development and baking, and FIG. FIG. 1 (e) shows a state after mask exposure, development and baking, and FIG. 1 (f) shows a state where a third color DFR is pasted.
(G) shows a state after back exposure, development, and baking, respectively. The film thickness after each firing is 1.5 μm.

The DFR used is a DFR (trade name: Transer) manufactured by Fuji Film Co., and all the gaps between the colored layers are filled with the blue DFR4 by using the back exposure at the time of the final blue production (therefore, the surface of the colored layer is filled). Flattening is possible).

An overcoat (V259-PA manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) 5 was applied to the substrate with a spinner to a thickness of 2 μm.
After baking (FIG. 1 (h)), and then forming ITO by sputtering, a stripe-shaped ITO electrode 6 is formed through application of a photoresist, exposure and development using a mask, and etching.
Is formed (FIG. 1 (i)).

Next, a 1.5 μm black photosensitive resin (V259-BK0, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) 7 is applied to this substrate, and after drying, exposure with a mask is performed (FIG. 1 (j)). Further, a 3.5 μm-diameter thermoplastic spacer bead (Micropearl manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8 is sprayed by a dry method, and heated to 100 ° C. to fix the spacer bead 8 on the resin 7 (FIG. 1 (k)). )). This is developed and baked to form a color filter substrate (FIG. 1 (l)), and thereafter, an alignment film is applied thereto to produce a liquid crystal element.

As a counter substrate, a glass substrate on which stripe-shaped ITO electrodes are formed is used. An alignment film (SE-7511L manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is applied to both substrates and fired. SE-7511L is a vertical alignment film, and if it is combined with a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, an alignment treatment such as rubbing is not necessarily required.

The two substrates are bonded together using a bond (Struct Bond manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.), and a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy is injected to form a liquid crystal panel.

In this way, using only the materials used in the production of general liquid crystal display elements, there is no need for extra steps such as application, exposure, and development of a polymer material required when forming a polymer spacer. It is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display element which does not cause deterioration in display quality due to spacers inside the pixels caused by the normal dispersion of spacer beads, or movement of the spacers during long-term use.

(Embodiment 2) Here, a case where a plasma addressed liquid crystal display element (PALC) is used as a liquid crystal display element will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, PALC is a cathode 13 and an anode 14 on a glass substrate 1.
And a plasma discharge unit 11 in a space partitioned by the rib partition wall 12, the glass substrate 1, and the dielectric separator 9. Then, a structure having the liquid crystal layer 20 disposed between the dielectric separator 9 and the electrode 10 formed on the upper glass substrate 33 is obtained. A dielectric separator (generally made of glass having a thickness of about 50 μm to 100 μm) as one side electrode 9
Is used, the influence of the change in the substrate interval on display unevenness is greater than that of a liquid crystal display element using a normal glass substrate with ITO.

The structure of the color filter substrate is the first embodiment.
According to the above, a material having a light shielding property is used as the spacer beads 8. Further, as a counter substrate, PALC is manufactured using a plasma substrate manufactured by a known method.

In this way, only the materials used for manufacturing a general liquid crystal display element are used, and no extra steps such as application, exposure, and development of a polymer material required for forming a polymer spacer are required. It is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display element that does not cause deterioration in display quality due to spacer beads inside pixels caused by scattering of spacers and does not move spacers during long-term use. In this PALC, the distance between substrates is more accurately defined than when polymer spacers are used. Therefore, it can be seen that display unevenness due to a change in the substrate interval is unlikely to occur. Even if a part of the spacer beads remains in the pixel portion, the use of the light-shielding spacer beads can minimize the deterioration of the display quality.

(Embodiment 3) Here, a case where a plasma addressed liquid crystal display element (PALC) is used as a liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal display section adopts an ASM structure will be described with reference to FIGS.

The black matrix 18 and green, red,
The formation of each blue color pixel 17 is performed by ordinary mask exposure using each color DFR (FIGS. 5A and 5B). Here, an overcoat 5 is applied and baked to form a stripe electrode 6 of ITO (FIG. 5C). Then, a photosensitive resin (V259-PA manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) 21 is applied to a thickness of 1 μm, dried, and exposed by a mask (FIG. 5).
(D)) Then, thermoplastic spacer beads (micropearl manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8 having a diameter of 4 μm are sprayed by a dry method, and the spacer beads 8 are fixed on the photosensitive resin 21 by heating to 120 ° C. (FIG. 5 (e)).

By developing this, a substrate with a color filter in which the spacers 8 are arranged only on the well-shaped wall 16 is formed (FIG. 5F). After an alignment film is coated thereon, a liquid crystal display element is manufactured. I do.

Using this substrate, PA
If an LC is manufactured, the process of applying, exposing, and developing a polymer material necessary for forming a polymer spacer in a normal ASM structure is not required, and the display by the spacer beads inside the pixel generated by the normal spacer bead scattering. It is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display element free from deterioration in quality and movement of spacer beads during long-term use.
In the ALC, since the substrate interval is more accurately defined than using the polymer spacer, it can be seen that display unevenness due to the variation in the substrate interval is less likely to occur.

(Embodiment 4) Here, a case where the order of the step of dispersing spacer beads and the step of forming a photosensitive film is different from that of the above embodiment will be described.

The substrate up to the ITO stripe electrode 6 was formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment (FIGS. 6A and 6B). Thermoplastic spacer beads having a diameter of 4 μm (Micropearl manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) The spacer beads 8 are sprayed by a dry method and heated to 100 ° C. to fix the spacer beads 8 on the substrate (FIG. 6C). 1.0 μm
Black photosensitive resin (V259-BK0 manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.)
7 is applied and dried, and then exposed by a mask (FIG. 6).
(D)), developing and firing (FIG. 6 (e)) to obtain a color filter substrate. By performing cleaning using a neutral detergent and a brush, the spacer beads 8 remaining outside the black matrix portion 7 are eliminated (FIG. 6F).

When a liquid crystal panel is manufactured using this substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, the use of only the material used for manufacturing a general liquid crystal display element allows the application of extra polymer material necessary for forming the polymer spacer. A process such as exposure and development is not required, and it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display element in which display quality is not degraded due to spacer beads inside a pixel caused by ordinary spacer scattering and spacer movement during long-term use. Further, in this case, it is possible to further improve the adhesive strength of the spacer beads to the substrate as compared with the first to third embodiments while maintaining the substrate spacing with higher precision than in the comparative embodiment.

(Embodiment 5) Here, a case will be described in which the order of the step of dispersing the spacer beads and the step of exposing the photosensitive film are different from those of the above embodiment.

A 1.5 μm black photosensitive resin (V259-BK0 manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied to the substrate on which the ITO stripe electrodes are formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Plastic spacer beads (Micropearl manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) are sprayed by a dry method and heated to 100 ° C. to fix the beads on the resin. Further, a substrate with a color filter is obtained by performing mask exposure and developing. When a liquid crystal panel is manufactured using this substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, only the materials used for manufacturing a general liquid crystal display element are used, and unnecessary polymer material coating, exposure, development, and the like necessary when forming a polymer spacer are formed. A process is not required, and a liquid crystal display element can be manufactured in which display quality is not degraded due to spacer beads inside pixels caused by normal spacer dispersion and spacer movement does not occur during long-term use.

As described above, the order of spraying the spacer beads and exposing may be either. However, as an advantage of exposure after bead scattering, the photosensitive film before exposure is softer than after exposure, so that the fixation of beads can be further enhanced. In some cases, the adhesive beads are mixed with a solution containing a solvent having solubility in the photosensitive film to perform wet spraying, or a solution containing a solvent having solubility in the photosensitive film is sprayed onto the substrate after the spraying. By doing so, it can be expected that the adhesion of the beads is further improved.

(Comparative Embodiment) A photosensitive resin (V259-PA manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to the substrate formed up to the overcoat 5 and the polymer wall 16 in the same manner as in Embodiment 3 for 5 μm.
The polymer spacer 19 is formed by performing application, drying and mask exposure to a thickness of m (FIG. 4). Using this, PA
When the LC is manufactured, slight display unevenness (for example, in the case of a monochromatic halftone display) is observed, and when the height of the polymer spacer is measured, a height unevenness of about ± 0.15 μm occurs. This is considered to be the cause of display unevenness.

[0050]

As described above, according to the present invention, there is no deterioration in display quality due to the incorporation of spacer beads into the pixel as in the ordinary spacer bead scattering method, and there is no spacer bead movement during long-term use. Since a special process is not required unlike the molecular spacer method, a liquid crystal display element which is cost-effective can be provided. According to the present invention, since the diameter accuracy of the spacer beads is higher than the height accuracy of the polymer spacer, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element with high control accuracy of the substrate interval.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a color filter substrate forming step in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a PALC according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a color filter substrate according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a color filter substrate according to a comparative embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a color filter substrate forming step in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a color filter substrate forming step in Embodiment 4.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a liquid crystal substrate forming process shown in the prior art.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a liquid crystal substrate forming process shown in the prior art.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 glass substrate 2 first color dry film resist 3 second color dry film resist 4 third color dry film resist 5 overcoat 6 ITO electrode 7 black photosensitive resin 8 spacer beads 17 colored pixel portion 18 black matrix 20 liquid crystal layer 21 photosensitive resin 22 Light shielding film

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H089 HA36 KA15 LA03 LA07 LA16 LA19 LA20 MA15X NA14 NA15 NA24 NA25 NA27 NA44 NA45 NA53 NA60 PA02 PA09 QA05 QA12 QA14 SA01 TA04 TA06 TA07 TA13 5C094 AA03 AA42 AA43 AA55 BA43 CA20 CA24 FB02 GA10 GB01

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, wherein a spacer for defining the pair of substrates at a predetermined interval has thermosetting or thermoplastic properties. And a liquid crystal display device, wherein the spacer is disposed only on a film made of a photosensitive material disposed in a predetermined shape on the substrate. 2. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, wherein a spacer for defining the pair of substrates at a predetermined interval has thermosetting or thermoplastic properties. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the spacer adhered or fixed on the substrate is disposed only under a coating made of a photosensitive material disposed in a predetermined shape on the substrate. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the coating is made of a photosensitive material and is a black matrix of the liquid crystal display device. 4. The liquid crystal layer is composed of a plurality of liquid crystal regions divided by a wall formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, and liquid crystal molecules in the plurality of liquid crystal regions are perpendicular to the pair of substrates. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the film made of the photosensitive material is a wall formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to 2. 5. A thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer layer formed on a core surface of a thermosetting or non-thermoplastic spacer for defining a substrate at a fixed interval, wherein the spacer has a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer layer formed thereon. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a layer structure. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spacer has a light shielding property. 7. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, comprising: forming a film made of a photosensitive material on the substrate; A step of spraying a thermosetting or thermoplastic spacer for defining the pair of substrates at regular intervals, a step of bonding or fixing the spacer on the coating by heating, and a step of forming the photosensitive material. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, comprising a step of selectively disposing a spacer on the coating by selectively removing the coating. 8. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates having at least electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal layer is provided with a thermosetting or A step of spraying a spacer having thermoplasticity; a step of bonding or fixing the spacer on the substrate by heating; a step of forming a film made of a photosensitive material on the substrate; A step of selectively disposing the spacer on the substrate by removing the spacer.