IE52815B1 - Optical fibre cable - Google Patents
Optical fibre cableInfo
- Publication number
- IE52815B1 IE52815B1 IE719/82A IE71982A IE52815B1 IE 52815 B1 IE52815 B1 IE 52815B1 IE 719/82 A IE719/82 A IE 719/82A IE 71982 A IE71982 A IE 71982A IE 52815 B1 IE52815 B1 IE 52815B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- cable
- cable according
- sheath
- coated
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007526 fusion splicing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003345 Elvax® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/4486—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
Abstract
An optical fibre cable includes first and second optical fibres 1, 2 held together by a coating 3 of a waterproof material such as partially cured silicone rubber, which can be cleanly peeled from the fibres. The waterproof material 3 is covered by an inner sheath 4 of thermoplastics material. Strengthening strands 5 typically of Kevlar material run longitudinally of the cable outside the inner sheath 4. An outer sheath 6 surrounds the strands 5.
Description
This invention concerns cables and more particularly cables including optical fibres.
The present invention provides a cable including a first and a second optical fibre coated in and coupled together by a waterproof material cleanly peelable from the fibres, an inner sheath of plastics material surrounding the coated fibres, elongate strengthening strands running longitudinally of the cable around said inner sheath, and an outer sheath of plastics material surrounding said elongate strengthening strands.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood and readily carried into effect, embodiments thereof and an apparatus for manufacturing the same will now be described by way of illustrative example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of an optical fibre cable according to the invention,
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate schematically apparatus for manufacturing the cable shown in Figure 1, 20 Figure 4 illustrates schematically the configuration of joints between optical fibres in the cable of Figure 1, and
Figure 5 is a sectional view of another embodiment of optical fibre cable according to the invention, and Figure 6 is a sectional view of yet a further embodiment of optical fibre according to the invention.
Referring firstly to Figure 1, the cable contains two optical fibres 1 and 2, typically defining forward and return signal paths respectively for a duplex communication link. The optical fibres may be of conventional type, typically having an outer diameter of 0.7 mm and an outer tight protective coating comprising an inner layer of silicone rubber and an outer layer of nylon.
The fibres 1 and 2 are coated with a material which also fills the interstitial spaces between the fibres. The material 3 is selected to be water repellent, so as to prevent water from contacting the fibres and to be sufficiently compliant that it is cleanly peelable from the fibres, so that the material can be easily cleaned from the ends of the fibres to permit jointing of the cable. Water can corrode the optical fibres and can promote surface cracks when the fibres are under stress. Also, if water freezes in contact with the fibres, the resulting mechanical pressure can cause fibre breaks. A suitable material 3 is partially cured silicone rubber, or alternatively a waxy material such as the vinyl resin sold under the Registered Trade Mark Elvax can be used. Elvax is manufactured by Du Font Company U.K. Ltd.
The fibres 1 and 2 and the material 3 are surrounded by a thin but tough protective inner sheath formed of a thermoplastic elastomer selected so that when applied as a hot extrudate, it does not melt or degrade the aforementioned properties of the material and the aforementioned original tight protective coating put on the fibres at the time of their manufacture. It is found that nylon is not a satisfactory material for the sheath 4 because the hot extrudate
5281S melts and sticks to the tight nylon protective coating on the fibre. A suitable material for the sheath 4 is a thermoplastic elastomer such as a polyester elastomer, for example Hytrel (Registered Trade Mark) manufactured by Du Pont Company U.K. Ltd. The sheath 4 is of the order of 0.2^0.3 mm thick. The inner sheath 4 protects the material 3 and furthermore provides a barrier to hold the fibres 1 and 2 together.
The sheath 4 is surrounded by a plurality of elongate fibrous strands 5 running longitudinally of the cable for the purpose of providing longitudinal strength thereto. The strands 5 also provide a cushioning effect for the fibres 1 and 2 in respect of mechanical impacts applied transversely to the cable. Furthermore the strands 5 pack the cable into a circular cross section. Suitable fibrous strands 5 are formed of a polyaramid yarn manufactured under the trade name Kevlar by Du Pont Company U.K. Limited.
The strands 5 are surrounded by an outer sheath 6 made of a tough plastics material. The sheath 6 is selected to have a sufficiently low coefficient of expansion that when the cable is cooled the resulting compressive force exerted by the sheath 6 on the fibres 1 and 2 is sufficiently small as not to cause optical losses in the fibres due to microbending. The sheath 6 may be formed of a thermoplastic material loaded with a material of a lower thermal expansion coefficient, for
2815 example glass fibre. Thus, the sheath 6 may typically comprise nylon loaded with say 33¾ glass fibre.
It is to be noted that the cable of Figure 1 is of a non-metallic construction which renders it suitable for use in areas containing electric fields, since no voltages can be induced in the cable. Thu3, the cable has application in ships and is also suitable for electrified railways.
A method of making the cable will now be described with reference to Figures 2 and 3· Referring to Figure 2, the fibres 1 and 2, are fed from separate supply reels 7, 8, through a guide 9. The reels 7, 8 are mounted on a support 10 which is rotatable about an axis 11 so as to permit twisting the fibres around one another into a common strand as they leave the guide 9. The fibres may if desired, be twisted according to the well known method of SZ stranding, although it is preferred for a two fibre cable to have the fibres paralleled.
The fibres are fed to a die 12 fed with material 3, such that the fibres are coated with the material and the spaces between them are filled with the material.
If the material 3 is silicone rubber, the coated fibres are then fed to an oven 13 to cure the coating partially. The inner sheath 4 is then applied by means of a die l4. The coated fibres emanating from the die 14 are wound onto a drum 15. A length of say 10 km may be wound onto the drum 15.
The composite element of the cable wound on the drum 15 is then fed to a further die 16 shown in Figure 3The fibres, coated with the material 3 and the inner sheath, are fed into the die together with the Kevlar material 5, and the die applies the outer sheath 6.
The cable thus made in accordance with the present invention can be of much longer lengths than the lengths in which optical fibres are supplied, without the need for jointing adjacent cable lengths. Referring to the cable of Figure 1, and to Figure k, it will be seen that the fibres 1 and 2 each comprise more than one optical fibre la., lbj 2a., 21a, 2c^ the fibres being joined by factory made joints 17, for example utilising fusion splicing. The joints 17 in the two fibres 1 and 2 are arranged in a staggered fashion. Thus, when the fibres are encased in the material 3, the sheath 4 and the fibre 2a. provides support and strength to the joint 17 between the fibres la., lb.. The other joints are similarly supported. Optical fibres are typically manufactured in 1 ~ 2 km lengths and by means of this arrangement it is possible to provide long continuous lengths of cable.
Another example of a cable according to the invention is shown in Figure 5· The construction is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 and like parts are marked with the same reference numerals as in Figure 1. The cable of Figure 5 includes four optical fibres 1, 2, 18 and 19, the material 3 filling the interstices betvreen them. It will be appreciated that other numbers of optical fibres could be included in the cable, as desired. Preferably the optical fibres are twisted around one another, except typically in the case of a two fibre cable when the fibres would be paralleled without twist.
Another example of a four fibre cable is shown in Figure 6. The fibres 1, 2 and 8, 9 are grouped together in pairs, each pair being surrounded by a respective coating 3®., h of the material 3 and a respective inner sheath 4a., £. The pairs are arranged centrally within the outer sheath 6, surrounded by the fibrous material 5·
It will be appreciated that to manufacture the cable of Figure 5, two additional supply reels would be provided in the apparatus of Figure 2, to feed the fibres 8, 9 into the die 12. Also to manufacture the cable of Figure 6, two composite elements from two reels 15, would feed into the die l6 of Figure j.
Many other modifications and variations falling within the spirit and scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (15)
1. A cable including a first and a second optical fibre coated in and coupled together by a waterproof material cleanly peelable from the fibres, an inner 5 sheath of plastics material surrounding the coated fibres, elongate strengthening strands running longitudinally of the cable around said inner sheath, and an outer sheath of plastics material surrounding said elongate strengthening strands. 10 2. A cable according to claim 1 wherein said cleanly peelable material comprises partially cured silicone rubber. 3. A cable according to claim 1 wherein said cleanly peelable material comprises a vinyl resin. 15 4. A cable according to any preceding claim wherein said inner sheath is made of a thermoplastic elastomer. 5- A cable according to claim 4 wherein said elastomer is a polyester.
2. ° 6. A cable according to any preceding claim wherein said strengthening strands are formed of a polyaramid yarn.
3. 7- A cable according to any preceding claim wherein the outer sheath comprises a thermoplastics material 25 loaded with a material of lower thermal expansion coefficient than said thermoplastics sheath material.
4. 8. A cable according to claim 7 wherein said outer sheath is made of nylon loaded with glass fibre material.
5. 9. A cable according to any preceding claim wherein said optical fibres are twisted around one another in a given stranding pattern.
6. 10. A cable according to any preceding claim wherein at least one of said fibres includes first and second segments joined endwise to one another, the joint of said segments being spanned by an unjointed portion of the other fibre.
7. 11. A cable according to claim 10 wherein said segments are joined by fusion splicing.
8. 12. A cable according to any preceding claim including third and fourth optical fibres coated in and coupled together by said waterproof material.
9. 13. A cable according to claim 12 including a further inner sheath of plastics material surrounding the third and fourth optical fibres.
10. 14. A cable according to claim 12 wherein said waterproof material fills the intersitial spaces between and couples together all of the four optical fibres, said inner sheath surrounding the four optical fibres.
11. 15. A cable substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1,4,5 or 6 of the accompanying drawings.
12. 16. A method of manufacturing a cable as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising feeding the first and second fibres into a first die wherein the fibres are coated with and coupled together by said water5 proof material, feeding the coated fibres into a further die wherein the fibres are covered in a material to provide said inner sheath, and feeding said fibres when provided with the inner sheath into another die together with said strengthening strands 10 so as to apply said outer sheath.
13. 17. A method according to claim 16 including twisting in a predetermined stranding pattern the fibres fed to the first die.
14. 18. A method according to claim 16 or 17 including 15 partially curing the waterproof material coated onto the fibres by the first die.
15. 19- A method of manufacturing a cable substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8110252A GB2096343B (en) | 1981-04-01 | 1981-04-01 | Optical fibre cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE820719L IE820719L (en) | 1982-10-01 |
| IE52815B1 true IE52815B1 (en) | 1988-03-16 |
Family
ID=10520843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE719/82A IE52815B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 | 1982-03-26 | Optical fibre cable |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR227463A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8201824A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1167675A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES511409A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2503385B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2096343B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE52815B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1232599B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX152511A (en) |
Families Citing this family (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2169099B (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1987-09-23 | Raychem Ltd | Fibre optic cable for use at high voltage |
| GB2169100B (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1987-09-23 | Raychem Ltd | Fibre optic cable for use at high voltage |
| DE3318233C2 (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1985-10-31 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Optical cable element or cable and method for its manufacture |
| FR2555764B1 (en) * | 1983-11-24 | 1986-10-10 | Nonclerq Bernard | OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION CABLE AND METHOD OF MAKING LINKS USING THE SAME |
| IT1173154B (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1987-06-18 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | METHOD FOR JOINING TWO OPTICAL FIBERS AND JOINTING SO OBTAINED |
| JPS61144611A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1986-07-02 | Ube Nitto Kasei Kk | Reinforced optical fiber and its production |
| US4893893A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1990-01-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Laboratories | Strengthened buffered optical fiber |
| EP0233805A3 (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1988-03-23 | AT&T Corp. | Optical fibre cable |
| US4886562A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1989-12-12 | The Boeing Company | Method of manufacturing reinforced optical fiber |
| EP0293886B1 (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1993-09-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Coated optical fiber tape |
| GB8714226D0 (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1987-07-22 | Bicc Plc | Optical fibre cables |
| DE3743334C1 (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-05-24 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Optical cable |
| US5345525A (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1994-09-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Utility optical fiber cable |
| US5561731A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1996-10-01 | Siecor Corporation | Flexible casing for optical ribbons |
| US5908873A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1999-06-01 | Borden Chemicals, Inc. | Peelable bonded ribbon matrix material; optical fiber bonded ribbon arrays containing same; and process for preparing said optical fiber bonded ribbon arrays |
| IT1284536B1 (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1998-05-21 | Pirelli Cavi S P A Ora Pirelli | OPTICAL CABLE FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN LOCAL NETWORKS |
| US6449412B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2002-09-10 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic ribbon interconnect cable |
| US6249628B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-06-19 | Siecor Operations, Llc | Fiber optic cable units |
| US6538045B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2003-03-25 | Dsm N.V. | Optical fiber coating compositions containing secondary or tertiary amino silicone-containing additive |
| US6636673B2 (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2003-10-21 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic ribbon interconnects and breakout cables |
| US8422843B2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2013-04-16 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Multi-fiber fiber optic cable |
| WO2009154994A2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-23 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Multi-jacketed fiber optic cable |
| AU2009260538B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2015-01-15 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic cable |
| AU2009320044B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2014-11-13 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Flat drop cable |
| FR2939911B1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2011-04-08 | Draka Comteq France | SOLDERED OPTICAL FIBER, TELECOMMUNICATION CABLE COMPRISING MULTIPLE OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A FIBER |
| US8184935B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2012-05-22 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Flat drop cable with center strength member |
| EP2502107A4 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2017-12-20 | ADC Telecommunications, INC. | Fiber optic cable |
| WO2011143401A2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Splice enclosure arrangement for fiber optic cables |
| WO2011146720A2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Flat drop cable with medial bump |
| US8885998B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2014-11-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Splice enclosure arrangement for fiber optic cables |
| US9739966B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2017-08-22 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Fiber optic cable with electrical conductors |
| US8781281B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2014-07-15 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Drop cable with angled reinforcing member configurations |
| US9316802B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-04-19 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Optical fiber cable having reinforcing layer of tape heat-bonded to jacket |
| US11287589B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2022-03-29 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Binder film for a fiber optic cable |
| US8620124B1 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2013-12-31 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Binder film for a fiber optic cable |
| US9482839B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2016-11-01 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical fiber cable with anti-split feature |
| US9075212B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-07-07 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Stretchable fiber optic cable |
| US8805144B1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2014-08-12 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Stretchable fiber optic cable |
| US8913862B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-12-16 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Optical communication cable |
| US9594226B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-03-14 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Optical fiber cable with reinforcement |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1479427A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1977-07-13 | Bicc Ltd | Opticle cables |
| DE2728586B2 (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-06-19 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Optical communication cable |
| DE2907704B2 (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1981-03-12 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Stranding element for optical cables |
| DE2944073C2 (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1990-01-04 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Fiber optic cable and process for its manufacture |
-
1981
- 1981-04-01 GB GB8110252A patent/GB2096343B/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-03-26 IE IE719/82A patent/IE52815B1/en unknown
- 1982-03-30 IT IT8220469A patent/IT1232599B/en active
- 1982-03-30 ES ES511409A patent/ES511409A0/en active Granted
- 1982-03-31 AR AR288943A patent/AR227463A1/en active
- 1982-03-31 FR FR8205511A patent/FR2503385B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-31 MX MX192068A patent/MX152511A/en unknown
- 1982-03-31 BR BR8201824A patent/BR8201824A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-31 CA CA000400171A patent/CA1167675A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2096343A (en) | 1982-10-13 |
| MX152511A (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| IT1232599B (en) | 1992-02-28 |
| FR2503385A1 (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| ES8304324A1 (en) | 1983-03-01 |
| IT8220469A0 (en) | 1982-03-30 |
| IE820719L (en) | 1982-10-01 |
| BR8201824A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
| GB2096343B (en) | 1984-08-15 |
| AR227463A1 (en) | 1982-10-29 |
| FR2503385B1 (en) | 1986-07-11 |
| CA1167675A (en) | 1984-05-22 |
| ES511409A0 (en) | 1983-03-01 |
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