FI80182B - KOPPLINGSANORDNING FOER TELEANORDNINGAR, SPECIELLT FOER TELEFONFOERMEDLINGSANORDNINGAR MED EN CENTRAL ELLER DELCENTRAL KOPPLINGSMEKANISM FOER DATABEHANDLING. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Circuit arrangement for telecommunication installations, especially for telephone exchanges, with centralized and/or decentralized information-processing devices with a limited performance in terms of information-processing capacity, and with a central switching matrix (K) and with decentralized termination groups (LTG1, LTGn), to which in each case a decentralized device (GP1, GPn) is assigned, and to which connection-specific lines, e.g. subscriber lines (T), local junction lines (V) and longdistance junction lines (F), are connected, and which exchange data, for example dialling information and control and setting information, with the central device (Z) in order to process the individual switching operations and with measuring devices (Mg, Mz) for determining the respective acute information-processing workload in a central device as well as in each of the decentralized devices and for detecting information-processing traffic overloading and for averting such overloading by means of rejection devices (A) assigned individually to the decentralized termination groups, by means of which rejection devices the volume of information-processing requests occurring is reduced, in that a stipulated proportion of these requests is rejected, and with transmission switching means for signalling data about the deviation of the acute information-processing workload with respect to the capacity of a central device and about corresponding information-processing traffic overloading to the decentralized devices, characterized in that there are provided in a decentralized device at leat two rejection devices (A1, A2, A12), of which one effects rejections according to the information-processing traffic overloading determined in the decentralized device and the other effects rejections according to the information-processing traffic overloading occurring or imminent in the central device, and in that, in a decentralized device, a counter (Z) with a lower and an upper threshold value and an intermediate starting position is switched forward by each rejection and switched backward by each acceptance of an information-processing request, in that this counter not only outputs a blocking signal when the upper threshold value is reached and an unblocking signal when the lower threshold value is reached to a choke device (D), but is also reset to its starting position when either of the two threshold values is reached, and in that the choke device of a decentralized device blocks the seizable incoming junction lines connected to the respective termination group in several proportion levels with respect to incoming seizures, in that it is switched over in each case into the next-higher blocking proportion level when a blocking signal is received or into the next lower blocking proportion level when an un blocking signal is received, and in that by means of the choke device the seizable incoming junction lines which are to be blocked according to the blocking proportion level reached in each case are marked in each case at their other ends as blocked for outgoing seizure, in that either switching signals for a backward blocking are transmitted individually per respective junction line or blocking data are transmitted jointly per line group which mark the junction lines to be blocked in each case at the other line end for outgoing seizures or specify the proportion of junction lines to be blocked in each case at the other line end for outgoing seizures.

Description

1 80182

Switching device for telecommunication equipment, in particular for call transmission equipment with central and / or sub-centric information processing switching equipment DE-A-3 311 866 and 3 328 572 disclose In both cases, call transfer equipment is presented, which comprises e.g. a central switching field and distributed connection groups to which ti wide connection lines, connection lines, e.g. local and long-distance communication lines, and connection-individual switching devices, for example connection groups and dial-up devices, are connected. The connection groups are in turn connected to a central switching field. A central switching device is provided in the central switching field as a central control device. Individual distributed switching devices are arranged as sub-control devices for the connection groups. Distributed switching equipment is in exchange with central switching equipment for the exchange of information, such as selection information, line identifiers and control and regulation information, for the performance of individual transmission transactions.

A particular problem with call transfer equipment of the type described above is the optimal load balancing of the central switching equipment; there is a problem of detecting and combating congestion.

It has proved expedient to carry out the above-mentioned overload control already in peripheral equipment, i.e. at the level of distributed switching equipment. On the other hand, there is the advantage that control measures are very effective, as they can intervene relatively early in the course of the whole brokering transaction; on the other hand, there is the advantage that the key switching equipment, which is primarily concerned with the high utilization of its traffic capacity 2 80182 and the avoidance of congestion in the original context, is not overloaded with the exchange of exchange data. Blocking means that the initiated connection, which is characterized by the reservation of an individual switching device, such as an input line or connection set or the like, is no longer routed and no further switching IDs, e.g. dialing IDs or management IDs, are accepted for this connection. switching codes are transmitted via this switching device, and that a busy signal is set for the calling subscriber in question for the calling subscriber in question. In order to combat congestion in information processing traffic, connection establishment attempts are discouraged to a certain extent in the call transfer equipment described in the present application publications.

The detection of overload situations or the presence of such in front can take place in the central switching equipment itself, as well as already in its front field, i.e. in peripheral equipment, i.e. in each case in distributed connection equipment of connection groups. The said application publication 3 328 572 discloses the detection of overload situations in the central switching equipment and the communication of this information to the distributed switching equipment, where the necessary control measures can be initiated in these. DE-A-3 311 866 discloses the detection of congestion situations in central switching equipment already in peripheral systems, i.e. in each distributed switching system. Here, therefore, the question is about the anticipation of the congestion situations of the central switching equipment ahead and: as well as the proactive prevention of the congestion of the expected information processing traffic of the central switching equipment.

The control measures are therefore carried out in the telephone exchanges described in both application publications for the connection groups.

II

3 80182 in distributed switching equipment. These control measures may be such that successive incoming connection attempts are divided into different priority categories, and that the connection attempts with the lowest priority category or, respectively, the lowest priority categories are discarded, but not those with higher priority interconnection attempts. For this purpose, the subscriber lines and the incoming busy lines are divided into different priority categories. Communication lines may have a higher priority than subscriber lines. Similarly, subscriber lines can be grouped together into different priority categories. The same goes for connection lines. Furthermore, it can be arranged that the control measures are limited to the initial connection symbols. The initial connection codes of the subscriber connection lines are, for example, when calling signals are picked up from the subscriber's side, which in each case starts to establish a connection. The initial connection codes of the incoming busy lines are the incoming bus to be reserved when the bus signals are reserved. - In addition, it is possible to distribute control measures purely statistically, for example by means of a calculation transaction. For example, with a rejection percentage of 16.6%, one in six initial connection codes is rejected. In addition to this, it is also possible to combine the principles set out above in the control method. Measures to prevent congestion in information processing traffic thus take place in the form of practical control events in distributed switching devices. As already indicated, the information determining these controls comes from the distributed switching equipment itself on the one hand and from the central switching equipment on the other hand. Controls therefore consist of different criteria. They have a control function whose reaction time is likewise different, over which the origin of the criterion giving rise to the control measure in each case has a decisive effect.

It is proposed to modify the type of control measures in question on the interconnectors (local and long-distance) in such a way that incoming reservations are not blocked but blocked, namely 4 80182 in accordance with the respective rejection percentages at the back of the interconnectors. Thus, the number of reservations arriving through the bundle of access lines is reduced, so that it is not possible to initially reserve access lines for connection establishment attempts which cannot be managed further due to congestion in the information processing traffic. Thus, the corresponding traffic flows or the like, their portions can be advantageously routed or circulated through other relay stations.

The invention relates to a switching device for telecommunication equipment, in particular for call transmission equipment, having central and distributed information processing switching equipment with limited performance in terms of information processing capacity, and , e.g. and in distributed switching equipment and for the detection of congestion in information processing traffic and the control devices for distributed access groups by means of individually arranged control devices to reduce the number of incoming information processing tasks by preventing a certain part of these tasks, and transmission switching devices for reporting information on

The object of the invention is to provide, in a switching device of the type described above, in order to combat congestion in the information processing traffic of switching stations, by means of which control jumps and control oscillations with a avoiding effect, i.e. with a continuous control effect.

The invention solves the set problem in that at least two control devices are arranged in the distributed switching equipment, one of which provides controls in accordance with the information processing traffic overloads determined in the distributed switching equipment and the other , with a lower and upper threshold and an output position therebetween, is forwarded with each rejection of the information processing task forward and backward with each acceptance that this calculator outputs both when reaching the upper threshold inhibit signal and reaching the lower threshold release signal and that the throttling device of the distributed switching equipment closes the incoming devices connected to that connection group. The connecting lines to be reserved for incoming charges in several stages, so that when the blocking signal arrives it is switched to the next highest cut-off stage or, if the release signal arrives, to the next lower cut-off stage, and closed with respect to the outgoing charge by transmitting either individually for that backbone the connection codes for the reverse cut-off or collectively per bundle of lock-down information indicating the overhead lines to be closed at the other end of the line or the part of the lines to be closed at the other end of the line.

«80182

The drawing shows an example of an application of the invention only essentially for an understanding of its essential parts, to which, however, the invention is in no way limited.

The explanation is based on the presentations and explanations of the telephone exchange equipment already presented in the above-mentioned application publications.

These representations and explanations are required to be known in the present case.

Also in the case of the application example according to the invention, a central switching field K is provided, to which a relatively large number of connection groups LTG1-LTGn are connected. Both the central switching field K and each connection group function for switching connections. Thus, in addition to the switching field K, other relay switching devices are arranged in each connection group, which function for switching through the connection. They are not detailed here.

The connection groups are individually equipped in each case with the sub-control equipment GP1-GPn in a manner known per se. The partial control equipment is in constant communication with the central control equipment via data connections gl-gn. These data connections can be interconnected in the manner disclosed in DE-A-31 06 903. This data exchange works in a manner known per se for performing individual transmission operations, for example for transmitting selection information and control and regulation information. The sub-control devices operate in a manner known per se for receiving the switching codes, i.e. the dialing codes and the control codes of the individual switching devices individual to the connection, and for handing over or forwarding the dialing codes and line codes and for partial data processing. Other relevant information is provided in the application publications already mentioned.

Subscriber lines T, local loops V and long-distance lines F1-F3 are connected to the connection groups. These and the associated terminal connections are connection-specific switching devices. In addition, the connection-specific switching devices can be 80182 7 subscriber-individual switching devices, for example subscriber interface connections.

The switching field K can be formed by PCM technology. The through-connections via this switching field take place with the switching field control device KE. It is controlled from the central control unit Z. This central control equipment may be limited to performing the functions of the coordinating control equipment, which must coordinate the control functions of the sub-control equipment.

The central control equipment and the sub-control equipment have limited performance in terms of information processing capacity. With regard to the economy of the central control equipment, it is essential that it be balanced to a high degree with respect to the load. For this reason, it is necessary to detect and, if necessary, combat congestion in information processing traffic. The measuring devices for determining the load of the respective acute information processing work in question have already been presented in the mentioned application publications for both the central control equipment Z and the partial control equipment LTG1-LTG. Such measuring devices in the present case are the measuring devices Mz of the central control equipment and the measuring devices Mg of the partial control equipment. With the help of these measuring devices, the load on the central control equipment and the information processing work of each sub-control equipment is thus continuously determined as already presented in the said application publications. Congestion of information processing traffic is still detected. The measuring device Mg operates not only for the information processing workload for the partial control equipment in question, but also for the central control equipment Z. For each sub-control equipment, it is determined how large the load of information processing traffic may be, which can be fed to the central control equipment via the relevant sub-control equipment.

If this load on the information processing traffic exceeds the permissible limit, then the sub-control system in question carries out repairs to protect the central control equipment from congestion of the data processing traffic. To this end, the measuring device Mg transmits 8 80182 corresponding data to the control device A1, by means of which the number of information processing tasks to be rejected is indicated.

It is possible to limit these rejects to initial connection IDs. The difference between the initial connection codes and the post-connection codes has already been presented above and has also been explained in detail in both application publications already mentioned.

As already indicated, the sub-control equipment is in constant exchange with the central control equipment Z for the execution of individual transmission events. This is done via the data paths gl-gn and e in the central control equipment Z. The same data paths gl-gn also function to report data on the deviation of the acute information processing workload with respect to the performance of the central control equipment Z and the corresponding information processing traffic overloads from the central control equipment Z to the control equipment. A measuring device Mg is arranged in the central control equipment Z, which continuously ascertains the acute load situation of the central control equipment as described in said DE application publications and detects traffic congestion situations.

The relevant information is continuously transmitted by the central control equipment Z to the sub-control equipment, namely in connection with other types of data, for example control data. Transmission switching devices for indicating information on the deviation of the acute information processing workload with respect to the performance of the central control equipment and the corresponding information processing traffic overloads are the transmission switching devices mii. This information on the traffic load and traffic congestion of the central control unit is entered in the sub-control equipment to the second control device A2 in each case. This information indicates what proportion of the information processing tasks need to be combated as already described.

Thus, at least two control devices A1 and A2 are arranged in each sub-control device. The control device A1 receives its information about the control of the information processing tasks to be performed from the measuring device Mg of the respective control equipment.

The repellent device A2 receives its relevant information from the central control device Z from the measuring device Mz 9 80182 in question via the transmission switching devices Mii. The measuring device A1 provides corresponding suppressions according to the congestion of the information processing traffic determined in the sub-control apparatus GP1. The tor control device A2 provides corresponding suppressions according to the congestion of the information processing traffic present or present in the central control equipment Z. Thus, it is always a question of existing congestion in information processing traffic or also of the above or already observable.

The manner in which the controls are carried out is set out in detail at the outset. This can be done according to a statistical breakdown by a calculation method or by taking into account the pre-defined priorities of the lines in question (local loops and interconnectors) or a combination of both.

Both said blocking devices A1 and A2 thus provide repellents, namely according to the information processing traffic overloads cleared in the sub-control equipment on the one hand and the information processing traffic overloads cleared in the central control equipment on the other hand. The manner in which the individual controls are carried out is set out in detail in the application publications already mentioned.

A counter A is arranged in the sub-control equipment LTG1, as in other sub-control equipment, with a lower and an upper threshold value and an output position between them. In the calculator Z is e.g. in a symbolic sense, the pointer z. This pointer can be adjusted to different calculation elements zo-zu of the counter Z. The calculation element zo corresponds to the upper threshold and the calculation element zu corresponds to the time threshold of the calculator Z. The intermediate computing element zo corresponds to the starting position between the counter Z.

For each rejection that takes place, the calculator is switched forward with its pointer z in the zo direction of the calculating element corresponding to its upper threshold. Otherwise, the calculator is switched back on with each ίο 80182 approval of the information processing task, i.e. in the zu direction of the calculation element corresponding to the lower threshold. The position of the calculator may in each case be indicated by the position of its pointer z. This indicator indicates one calculation element at a time. The forward and reverse switching of the calculator with each rejection or re-acceptance of the information processing task takes place with an odd number of calculation steps. This can be arranged, for example, so that the counter Z is switched forward three counting steps with each rejection, whereas with each acceptance it is switched backwards only by one counting step. Thus, it can be achieved that the effect of the forward and reverse of the calculator, which will be explained in more detail, is different in terms of rejections and approvals.

When the upper threshold value is reached in the counter Z, i.e. when its pointer z has reached the calculating element zo corresponding to the upper threshold value, the counter Z outputs a closing signal to the throttling device D. Otherwise, the counter Z outputs a release signal to the throttling device D when it reaches the lower threshold In addition, the counter Z is reset both when it reaches the upper threshold and when it reaches the lower threshold to its initial position. For this purpose, the return circuit zr. The starting position corresponds to the calculation element zo.

The throttling device D includes memory means d1-d4 arranged for different contribution stages. These share steps apply to the shares of incoming bookings or incoming busy lines that need to be closed for incoming bookings. If none of the memory paths dl-d4 are marked, then the proportion of incoming busy lines to be closed is zero. If, on the other hand, the memory element dl is marked, then the proportion of incoming busy lines to be closed is 10%. The different memory elements dl-d4 correspond in this respect to different selected percentages. When the shut-off signal arrives, the throttling device is switched to the next higher shut-off stage, which in practice means that the memory element d2, 11 80182 is marked instead of the memory element d1, as a result of which the share phase decreases from, for example, 10% to 20%. On the other hand, when the release signal arrives, the throttling device D is switched to the next lower shut-off stage, in which case the memory element d1 could be marked instead of the memory element d2.

The throttling device D thus registers that the number of rejections has occurred in relation to a certain number of approved information processing tasks. Similarly, the throttle device D is used to register when the number of approved tasks has been correspondingly greater than the number of repulsions. In this case, the fact already mentioned that the rejects and approvals affect the counter Z not only in the forward direction, but also in terms of the number of calculation steps per refusal or counter-approval, has the effect already mentioned.

The throttling device is now used to control which part of the connection lines to be reserved incoming and temporarily made inaccessible in accordance with the respective closing phase of the incoming reservations must therefore be closed. These lines are marked closed in each case with respect to the outgoing charges at their other ends. The long-distance connection lines F1-F3 are connected via the line-terminal connections L11-L23 in each case from their two cable ends to the connection groups LTG1 and LTG of two different relay stations. The wire terminals L21 to L23 are connected to the connection group LTG1 in a manner known per se at f21 to £ 23. As can also be seen from the drawing, a control circuit is derived from below from each line connection L21-L23, which also leads to the connection group LTG1, namely to its sub-control equipment GP1. These control circuits are connected to the throttling device D as shown. The choke device is now able to transmit the corresponding control signals to the line terminals L21-L23 via these control circuit circuits and in this way to ensure that a certain proportion of these line circuits in each case receive a signal for back-closing. Thus, in accordance with the shut-down phase achieved in each case, some of the connection lines in the connection line bundle are marked as closed. By means of the throttling device, the incoming bushings to be charged and closed in accordance with the closing section step 12 801 82 achieved in each case are then marked closed with respect to the outgoing charge at their other end. To this end, the criterion "backlink" is transmitted in a manner known per se via the respective long-distance line, for example F3, to one end thereof and is received in a terminal connection arranged therein, for example in L13. It causes here that the long-distance line F3 in question is marked closed at this other end of the line with respect to outgoing charges.

It is possible that, as shown, the switching symbols for the reverse lock are transferred individually for the connection line in question. However, the principle of the central signal channel of the wiring harness is also known. The main signal channel is marked in the drawing with the letters ZK. Through this central signal channel, closing information can be transmitted jointly towards the wiring harness according to the respective degree of closure achieved by the throttling device, which indicates the connection lines, for example the long-distance communication line F3, to be closed at each end of the line. This can be achieved by a corresponding control circuit z in the second transmission equipment.

In addition to this, it is also possible to use this closure information to indicate the numerical proportion of the communication lines to be closed with respect to the outgoing charges at each end of the line.

This blocking information can be transmitted to the switching center's paging and selection device, which includes the connection group LTG, which thus exists at the other end of the line. In this path finder and selector, these transmitted closure information can be used to mark the corresponding part of the cable set in question on the long-distance lines, for example fl, f3, as non-reserved. In this case, it is irrelevant which individual wires are not bookable. Rather, the extent to which availability via the outgoing communication lines of that wiring harness is limited is stored in that paging and selection device at the second relay station.

13 801 82 In addition, both pesticides Ai and A2 should be explained once again. Each control device can carry out controls in its own way. In addition to this, however, a common calculating device A12 can also be provided for both control devices, which receives control quantity information from both control devices and combines these and performs common controls or approvals for both control devices.

Claims (4)

1. Telecommunication switching devices, in particular telephone systems, include: information processing central and decentralized switchgear, which exhibit a limited capacity relative to information processing capacity, and a central switching field (K), and decentralized connection groups (LTG1-LTG). Existing decentralized switchgear has been provided, and to which have individual connection lines, e.g. subscriber connection lines (T), local (V) and remote connection lines (F) are connected, and which exchange with the central switchgear (Z) data regarding the settlement of individual switching processes, e.g. selector information and control and regulation information, and measuring devices (Mg, Mz) for determining the existing acute information processing workload in a central switchgear (Z) and in each decentralized switchgear (GPl-GPn) and for sensing the overload in information processing and communication detecting such overloads by means of the individually arranged rejection means (A) by the decentralized connection groups (LTG1-LTGn), by which the amount of arriving information processing data is reduced so that a certain proportion of these data is rejected, and transmission switching means (M indication of data regarding the deviation of the acute information processing workload against the central switching capacity (Z) capacity and corresponding overloads in an information processing communication to the decentralized switching plants (GP1-GPn), characterized by a decentralized that switchgear has been provided with at least two rejection devices (A1, A2, A12), one of which (AI) provides rejections according to the information processing communication overloads established in the decentralized switchgear (GP1-GPn) and the other (A2) causes rejections according to the central the switching station (Z) hit or impending information processing communication overloads, and that in the decentralized switching plant (GP1-GPn) a counter (Z) with a lower and upper threshold value and a starting position (zO) between these forward switching and information display is switched through an information display. reverse switched by each accept and that this counter (Z) outputs both a threshold signal upon reaching the upper threshold value and upon reaching the lower threshold a release signal to a throttle device (D) and upon reaching this threshold value to its starting position (zO), and that the throttle device (D) in the decentralized switchgear (GP1-GPn), the arriving interconnectable interconnecting lines (F1, F2, F3) connected to the relevant interconnecting group (F1, F2) are interlocked in multiple proportioning steps towards arriving coatings so that it is switched upon arrival of a blocking signal to the next or the next. upon arrival of a release signal to the next lowest barrier section, and by means of the throttle device (D), the arriving can be marked and lockable interconnecting lines (F1, F2, F3) marked locking at its second end L22, at the other end L22, ) with respect to a decisive coating such that either individually pro existing connection line (z, B, F1) is transmitted coupling sign for a rear latch or joint pro-conduit bundle is transmitted latch data which denotes connection lines (F1, F2, F3). - 18,801 82 is interrupted at the second conduit end (LII, L21, L23) towards outgoing coatings or indicates the proportion of connecting lines (FI, F2, F3) to be blocked at the second conduit end (LII, L21, L23) versus outgoing coatings . Coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter (Z) forward connection or reverse connection takes place through each rejection or acceptance with odd number of counter steps. Coupling device according to Claim 1, characterized in that a counter counting device (A12) common to the rejection devices (AI, A2) is notified of both the rejection quantities and performs rejections and resp. acceptations for bed. Connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking data of the proportion of connecting lines (FI, F2, F3) to be blocked is transmitted to a device (X) for searching and routing in a telephone system at the other conduit end (LII, LI2, L13 ), and in this device (X), a corresponding proportion of the bundle of cables in question is marked as uncoatable.