FI125911B - Low Nitrogen Oxide Gas Burner and Method for Combustion of Fuel Gas - Google Patents

Low Nitrogen Oxide Gas Burner and Method for Combustion of Fuel Gas Download PDF

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Publication number
FI125911B
FI125911B FI20155277A FI20155277A FI125911B FI 125911 B FI125911 B FI 125911B FI 20155277 A FI20155277 A FI 20155277A FI 20155277 A FI20155277 A FI 20155277A FI 125911 B FI125911 B FI 125911B
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FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
gas
outlet
air flow
cylinder
lance
Prior art date
Application number
FI20155277A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI20155277A (en
Inventor
Pauli Dernjatin
Original Assignee
Fortum Oyj
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Publication date
Application filed by Fortum Oyj filed Critical Fortum Oyj
Priority to FI20155277A priority Critical patent/FI125911B/en
Priority to RU2016114088A priority patent/RU2642997C2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI20155277A publication Critical patent/FI20155277A/en
Publication of FI125911B publication Critical patent/FI125911B/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel

Description

LOW-ΝΟχ GAS BURNER AND METHOD FOR BURNING FUEL GAS FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gas burner for burning fuel gas and having reduced thermal nitrogen oxide emissions. The present invention further relates to a method for burning fuel gas.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Natural gas is broadly used in energy production. Natural gas can be burned both in boilers as burner combustion and in gas turbines. There is a constant pressure to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions of natural gas combustion, and therefore new means for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions are needed.
Natural gas does not include nitrogen. Hence, all nitrogen oxide (N0X) emissions produced by natural gas combustion originate from the reaction of nitrogen N2 included in combustion air to nitrogen oxide NO at high temperatures. This type of nitrogen oxide emission is called thermal nitrogen oxides. The amount of thermal nitrogen oxides depends solely on combustion temperature. Thermal nitrogen oxide typically starts forming when the combustion temperature exceeds 1,500°C. The temperature of the furnace depends on the burner and the size of the furnace. The smaller the furnace in relation to amount of energy fed into the furnace (MW/m3) , the higher the combustion temperature .
In natural gas combustion the formation of nitrogen oxides may be decreased by improving the operation of the burner by improving ignition, using enlarged furnace, recycling flue gases in order to de crease the temperature of the flame and using two-stage combustion.
In the new Industrial Emission Directive (IED) entering into force in the member states of the European Union in 2016, nitrogen oxide emission limit for natural gas burner combustion will be 100 mg/Nm3. There is thus a need to develop efficient ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions in gas burners burning natural gas or other gaseous fuel.
PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the invention is to provide a new type of gas burner for burning fuel gas having improved uniformity of the temperature distribution inside the furnace and reduced thermal nitrogen oxide emissions. Further, the purpose of the invention is to provide a new type of method for burning fuel gas.
SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a gas burner for burning fuel gas comprising: at least one gas lance for supplying the fuel gas into a boiler furnace, a first cylinder surrounding the at least one gas lance, and defining a primary air flow channel around the at least one gas lance for supplying primary air into the boiler furnace, the first cylinder ending at an outlet of the primary air flow channel, a second cylinder that coaxially surrounds the first cylinder and together with the first cylinder defines an annular secondary air flow channel for supplying secondary air into the boiler furnace, the second cylinder ending at an outlet of the secondary air flow channel, and a third cylinder that coaxially surrounds the second cylinder and together with the second cylinder defines an annular tertiary air flow channel for supplying tertiary air into the boiler furnace, the third cylinder ending at an outlet of the tertiary air flow channel.
The first cylinder has a free end at the outlet of the primary air flow channel, and a flame stabilizing ring is attached to the free end such that the flame stabilizing ring surrounds the outlet of the primary air flow channel and blocks a part of the outlet of the secondary air flow channel, and the at least one gas lance comprises a downstream end which comprises a first outlet for supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace out of the downstream end of the at least one gas lance and a second outlet for supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace in the direction away from the central axis of the first cylinder and towards the flame stabilizing ring.
The present invention further relates to a method for burning fuel gas in a boiler furnace comprising the steps of: supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace through at least one gas lance, supplying primary air into the boiler furnace through a primary air flow channel defined around the at least one gas lance by a first cylinder surrounding the at least one gas lance and ending at an outlet of the primary air flow channel, supplying secondary air into the boiler furnace through an annular secondary air flow channel defined by the first cylinder and a second cylinder coaxially surrounding the first cylinder and ending at an outlet of the secondary air flow channel, and supplying tertiary air into the boiler furnace through an annular tertiary air flow channel defined by the second cylinder and a third cylinder coaxially surrounding the second cylinder.
The method further comprises: forming a recirculation zone downstream of and in the vicinity of the outlet of the primary air flow channel by providing the outlet of the primary air flow channel with a flame stabilizing ring attached to a free end of the first cylinder such that the flame stabilizing ring surrounds the outlet of the primary air flow channel and blocks a part of the outlet of the secondary air flow channel, and supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace through a first outlet of the gas lance out of a downstream end of the at least one gas lance and through a second outlet of the gas lance in the direction away from the central axis of the first cylinder and towards the flame stabilizing ring.
The inventor of the present invention found that with the aid of the burner and the method according to the invention a large recirculation zone is created at the outlet of the primary air flow channel. The flame is stabilized with the aid of the large flame stabilization ring together with the tertiary air swirler located inside the tertiary air flow channel. With the gas burner and the method according to the invention, good flame ignition and flame stability are achieved. The efficiency of combustion is increased. Heat transfer to the heat transfer surfaces is improved earlier in the furnace. As a result, the average temperature and peak temperatures inside the furnace are reduced, and therefore formation of thermal nitrogen oxide is reduced.
Part of the fuel gas is supplied into the boiler furnace out of the downstream end of the at least one gas lance. This part of the fuel gas is mixed with the tertiary air and recirculated back to the outlet of the primary air flow channel with the aid of tertiary air set into a rotating motion by the tertiary air swirler. Part of the fuel gas is supplied into the boiler furnace in the direction away from the central axis of the first cylinder and towards the flame stabilizing ring. The fuel gas supplied towards the flame stabilizing ring merges with the primary air flow which turns into a recirculating flow returning to the outlet of the primary air flow channel. This part of the fuel gas forms a primary flame near the outlet of the primary air flow channel. The flame stabilizing ring causes changes in the flow field downstream of and in the vicinity of the outlet of the primary air flow channel creating a low velocity region where the flame can anchor. Quick ignition and efficient combustion near the outlet of the primary air flow channel are achieved. It is desirable to achieve intensive combustion in order to achieve uniform temperature distribution in the boiler furnace. This way, vibration of the flame and problems caused by flame vibration can be reduced. The large recirculation zone causes a broad flame and improved heat transfer to the heat transfer surfaces of the boiler walls earlier in the furnace, thereby reducing peak temperatures in the boiler furnace. Because of enhanced burning near the outlet of the primary air flow channel, the temperature of flue gases are lower when entering the superheaters and also the temperature distribution within flue gases is more uniform.
According to CFD modelling performed by the inventors, the temperature of the flue gas at the furnace exit (FEGT) in a boiler having a low furnace load is below 1,100 °C when a gas burner according to the invention is used. Carbon monoxide emissions in the flue gas are approximately 7 0 ppm and nitrogen oxide emissions in the flue gas are reduced to below 100 mg/Nm3 thereby fulfilling the requirements of the new Industrial Emission Directive (IED) entering into force in the member states of the European Union in the next few years. When the furnace load of the fur nace is low, the new nitrogen oxide emission limit of less than 100 mg/Nm3 can be achieved solely by using the new type of burners. When the furnace load of the furnace is high, the new upper limit of nitrogen oxide emissions may be achieved by using the new type of burners and in addition recycling flue gases back to the burners .
In existing burners, gas is often supplied out of the downstream end of the gas lance and in the direction towards the central axis of the first cylinder. An impeller is often disposed at the outlet of the primary air flow channel in order to stabilize the flame. A primary flame is formed downstream the impeller. The cross-section of the impeller is relatively small, and for that reason the formed recirculation zone is also small. In one embodiment, the burner according to the invention does not comprise an impeller at the outlet of the primary air flow channel. Instead, the primary air flow channel acts as a bluff body and stabilizes the flame.
In one embodiment, the fuel gas is natural gas. The heat value of natural gas is approximately 40 MJ/kg. Hence, natural gas is often used for energy production. In one embodiment, the fuel gas is hydrocarbon. In one embodiment, the fuel gas is propane.
In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises a plurality of gas lances. In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises six gas lances. The number of gas lances may be any suitable number depending e.g. on the boiler. The gas lances may be retractable.
The primary air flow channel comprises the space inside the first cylinder and in between the gas lances. The secondary air flow channel comprises the tubular space in between the first and the second cylinder. The tertiary air flow channel comprises the tubular space in between the second cylinder and the third cylinder.
In one embodiment, the at least one gas lance comprises a first outlet for supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace essentially in the direction of the length of the gas lance. The fuel gas is supplied into the boiler furnace at a predetermined angle in relation to the length of the gas lance, which can be chosen by a skilled person based e.g. on the velocity of the fuel gas. In one embodiment, the second outlet is on the side of the gas lance having the shortest distance to the flame stabilizing ring. In one embodiment, the second outlet is arranged to supply the fuel gas in the direction perpendicular to the length of the at least one gas lance. Each of the first and second outlets may comprise a plurality of openings .
The purpose of the flame stabilizing ring is to affect the flow field in the vicinity of the primary air flow channel thereby boosting flame ignition and stabilizing the flame. Primary air flows on one side of the flame stabilizing ring and secondary air flows on the other side of the flame stabilizing ring. The flame stabilizing ring blocks a part of the outlet of the secondary air flow channel such that a part of the secondary air collides with the flame stabilizing ring and the flow field of the air changes. A recirculation zone of low velocity is formed inside the flame stabilizing ring downstream of and in the vicinity of the outlet of the primary air flow channel, extending from one side of the flame stabilizing ring to the other side of the flame stabilizing ring. When gas is supplied through the gas lance in the direction towards the flame stabilizing ring, the fuel gas merges the primary air flow which is recirculated to the outlet of the primary air flow channel. The flame is anchored to this recirculation zone.
The gas burner may be used for energy production in boilers. One boiler may comprise several gas burners. In one embodiment the heat power of the boiler is 500 MW. In one embodiment, the heat power of the boiler is 50 MW. In one embodiment, the heat power of the boiler is 1000 MW.
In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 80 to 95 % of the fuel gas and the second outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas. In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 85 to 95 % of the fuel gas and the second outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 5 to 15 % of the fuel gas. In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 90 % of the fuel gas and the second outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 10 % of the fuel gas.
In one embodiment, 80 to 95 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second outlet of the gas lance. In one embodiment, 85 to 95 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and 5 to 15 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second outlet of the gas lance. In one embodiment, 90 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and 10 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second outlet of the gas lance.
In one embodiment, the at least one gas lance comprises a third outlet for supplying the fuel gas into the boiler furnace in the direction towards the central axis of the first cylinder and away from the flame stabilizing ring. In one embodiment, the fuel gas is supplied into the boiler furnace through a third outlet of the gas lance in the direction towards the central axis of the first cylinder and away from the flame stabilizing ring.
The third outlet may be arranged on the side of the gas lance which is opposite to the second out let. In one embodiment, the third outlet is on the side of the gas lance having a shortest distance to the central axis of the first cylinder. The third outlet may comprise a plurality of openings. In one embodiment, the third outlet is arranged to supply the fuel gas in the direction perpendicular to the length of the at least one gas lance.
The fuel gas is always supplied through the first and the second outlets of the gas lance. However, it is not necessary to supply fuel gas through the third outlet of the gas lance. It may be desirable to supply fuel gas through the third outlet of the gas lance if the velocity of the primary air supplied through the primary air flow channel is low.
In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 80 to 95 % of the fuel gas and the second and the third outlet of the gas lance together are arranged to supply 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas. In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 85 to 95 % of the fuel gas and the second and the third outlet of the gas lance together are arranged to supply 5 to 15 % of the fuel gas. In one embodiment, the first outlet of the gas lance is arranged to supply 90 % of the fuel gas and the second and the third outlet of the gas lance together are arranged to supply 10 % of the fuel gas.
In one embodiment, 80 to 95 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and a total of 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second and the third outlet of the gas lance. In one embodiment, 85 to 95 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and a total of 5 to 15 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second and the third outlet of the gas lance. In one embodiment, 90 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet of the gas lance and a total of 10 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second and the third outlet of the gas lance.
When 80 to 85 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the first outlet and 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas is supplied through the second outlet, or through the second and the third outlet, the fuel gas is mixed with combustion air in a correct ratio and good combustion is achieved.
In one embodiment, the velocity of the primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is arranged to be 5 to 25 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of the primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is arranged to be 5 to 20 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of the primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is arranged to be 5 to 10 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is 5 to 25 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is 5 to 20 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of primary air at the outlet of the primary air flow channel is 5 to 10 m/s.
Reducing the velocity of the primary air forms underpressure at the outlet of the primary air flow channel and thus enhances formation of a recirculation zone extending between the sides of the flame stabilization ring. The primary air flow channel acts as a bluff body which enhances flame stabilization. When the velocity of primary air is reduced, recirculation near the outlet of the primary air flow channel increases. If the velocity of primary air is low, it may be good for the flame stabilization to supply a small part of the fuel gas also in the direction towards the central axis of the first cylinder.
In one embodiment, the velocity of the secondary air at the outlet of the secondary air flow channel is arranged to be 45 to 60 m/s. In one embodi ment, the velocity of secondary air at the outlet of the secondary air flow channel is 45 to 60 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of the tertiary air at the outlet of the tertiary air flow channel is arranged to be 45 to 60 m/s. In one embodiment, the velocity of tertiary air at the outlet of the tertiary air flow channel is 45 to 60 m/s. When the velocity of secondary air is 45 to 60 m/s the stability of the flame is improved. Similarly, when the velocity of tertiary air is 45 to 60 m/s the stability of the flame is improved .
In a typical known gas burner, the velocity of each of the primary, secondary and tertiary air is e.g. 40 m/s. The total amount of air needed for combustion is determined based on the amount and type of the fuel. When the amount of primary air is reduced without changing the cross-section of the primary air flow channel, the velocity of the primary air is decreased. The amount of primary air left over may be directed to secondary and tertiary air flow channels without changing the cross-section of these channels, thus increasing the velocity of secondary and tertiary air. In one embodiment, the amount of secondary and tertiary air is increased in such an amount that the velocity of secondary air is essentially the same as the velocity of tertiary air.
The invention may be implemented by planning a new burner or modifying an existing burner.
The cross-section of each of the primary, secondary and tertiary air flow channels can be defined by a skilled person so as to give the mass flow of the air at issue the desired velocity.
In one embodiment, the flame stabilizing ring comprises an annular section broadening in the direction away from the outlet of the primary air flow channel. Thus, the diameter of the cross-section of the annular section gets larger in the direction away from the outlet of the primary air flow channel. In one embodiment, the flame stabilizing ring comprises a flared section protruding toward the secondary air flow channel and a number of teeth protruding toward the inside of the primary air flow channel. In one embodiment, the flared section of the flame stabilizing ring has a smoothly curved cross-section, or profile, with a thickness that reduces smoothly toward the rim of the flared section. The smoothly curved cross-section of the flared section has been found to reduce thermal stresses in the flame stabilizing ring during the start-up and during regular operation of the burner, which lead to increased durability and longer lifetime of the flame stabilizing ring. In one embodiment, the free end of the first cylinder is made thinner, and the flame stabilizing ring comprises annular section of constant cross-section that can be fit around the free end of the first cylinder in order to attach the flame stabilizing ring to the first cylinder. The flame stabilizing ring may have a structure described in EP 2592341 A1.
The flame stabilizing ring may be manufactured of heat resistant steel. The flame stabilizing ring may comprise one or several parts. The teeth protruding toward the inside of the primary air flow channel may be manufactured of heat resistant steel or of heat resistant ceramic material.
In one embodiment, the tertiary air flow channel comprises a tertiary air swirler for setting the tertiary air into a rotating motion before the outlet of the tertiary air flow channel. The tertiary air swirler is typically a radial swirler. In one embodiment, the secondary air flow channel comprises a secondary air swirler for setting the secondary air into a rotating motion before the outlet of the secondary air flow channel. The secondary air swirler is typically an axial swirler.
In one embodiment, the tertiary air is set into a rotating motion before the outlet of the tertiary air flow channel by providing the tertiary air flow channel with a tertiary air swirler. In one embodiment, the secondary air is set into a rotating motion before the outlet of the secondary air flow channel by providing the secondary air flow channel with a secondary air swirler.
In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises an oil lance for supplying fuel oil into the boiler furnace. In one embodiment, the oil lance is concentric with the first cylinder. The gas burner may comprise an oil lance, but the oil lance may also be omitted.
In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises a plurality of gas lances peripherally arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder. In one embodiment, the fuel gas is supplied into the boiler furnace through a plurality of gas lances peripherally arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder. In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises six gas lances peripherally arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder. In one embodiment, the gas burner comprises an oil lance which is concentric with the first cylinder, and a plurality of gas lances is peripherally arranged around the oil lance. In one embodiment, the first cylinder surrounds the plurality of gas lances peripherally arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder. In one embodiment, the gas lances are arranged at an equal distance from the central axis of the first cylinder. In one embodiment, the gas lances are arranged at an equal distance from adjacent gas lances. By arranging the gas lances symmetrically, a symmetric flame is achieved.
Several advantages are achieved using the burner and method according to the invention. Good ignition and flame stabilization are achieved. Heat transfer to the heat transfer surfaces is improved. The average temperature and peak temperatures inside the furnace are reduced. Due to the reduced temperature, thermal nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced and the new nitrogen oxide emission limit of 100 mg/Nm3 is achieved. The carbon monoxide emissions are approximately 70 ppm. In addition, the temperature of the flue gas at the furnace exit is reduced.
The embodiments of the invention described hereinbefore may be used in any combination with each other. Several of the embodiments may be combined together to form a further embodiment of the invention. A gas burner and a method for burning fuel gas, to which the invention is related, may comprise at least one of the embodiments of the invention described hereinbefore .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description help to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the gas burner according to one embodiment of the invention from inside the boiler furnace, figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional side view (A-A) of the gas burner according to figure 1, and figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a gas lance of the gas burner according to figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the gas burner according to one embodiment of the invention form inside the boiler furnace. Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view (A-A) of the gas burner according to figure 1.
The gas burner of figures 1 and 2 comprises six gas lances 2 peripherally arranged around the central axis (not shown) of the first cylinder 19. The number of gas lances is not restricted to six, but may be any suitable value depending on the boiler. The gas lances 2 may be retractable. As seen from figure 1, the gas lances 2 are arranged on an imaginary circle at an equal distance from the central axis of the first cylinder and from adjacent gas lances 2. The gas burner of figures 1 and 2 also comprises an oil lance 13. However, the oil lance 13 is not necessarily a part of the gas burner and may be omitted. Fuel gas, e.g. natural gas, is supplied into the boiler furnace through the gas lances 2. A gas lance 2 is shown in detail in figure 3.
The gas lances 2 are surrounded by a first cylinder 19, which defines a primary air flow channel 3 around the gas lances 2. In the gas burner of figures 1 and 2, the oil lance 13 is also inside the primary air flow channel 3. The primary air flow channel 3 thus comprises the space inside the first cylinder 19 and in between the gas lances 2 and the oil lance 13. Primary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the primary air flow channel 3.
The first cylinder 19 is coaxially surrounded by a second cylinder 20, and an annular secondary air flow channel 4 is formed in between the first cylinder 19 and the second cylinder 20. Secondary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the secondary air flow channel 4. The secondary air flow channel 4 comprises a secondary air swirler 5 for setting the secondary air into a rotating motion before the outlet 22 of the tertiary air flow channel 4.
The second cylinder 20 is coaxially surrounded by a third cylinder 23, and an annular tertiary air flow channel 9 is formed in between the second cylinder 20 and the third cylinder 23. Tertiary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the tertiary air flow channel 9. The tertiary air flow channel 9 comprises a tertiary air swirler 8 for setting the tertiary air into a rotating motion before the outlet 24 of the tertiary air flow channel 9.
The gas burner also comprises a conventional igniter and a flame detector (not shown).
The primary air flow channel 3 comprises an outlet 21, the secondary air flow channel 4 comprises an outlet 22 and the tertiary air flow channel 9 comprises an outlet 24. The first cylinder comprises a free end 25 to which a flame stabilizing ring 7 is attached .
In a gas burner according to figures 1 and 2, a flame stabilizing ring 7 is attached to the free end 25 of the primary air flow channel 3. The flame stabilizing ring 7 surrounds the outlet 21 of the primary air flow channel 3 and blocks a part of the outlet 22 of the secondary air flow channel 4 such that a part of the secondary air supplied through the secondary air flow channel 4 collides with the flame stabilizing ring 7. Hence, in figure 1, a part of the outlet 22 of the secondary air flow channel 4 is hidden behind the flame stabilizing ring 7. Primary air supplied through the primary air flow channel 3 flows on the other side of the flame stabilizing ring 7, and secondary air supplied through the secondary air flow channel 4 flows on the other side of the flame stabilizing ring 7. The flame stabilizing ring 7 affects the flow field near the gas burner and thereby boosts flame ignition and stabilizes the flame.
The flame stabilizing ring 7 is protruding in a direction downstream of the first cylinder 19 and towards furnace walls. The shape of the flame stabilizing ring 7 attached to the first cylinder 19 may be staggered so that near the attachment point the flame stabilizing ring 7 is directed perpendicularly to the length of the first cylinder 19 thereby blocking part of the secondary air channel 4, and at a distance from the attachment point the flame stabilizing ring 7 turns obliquely towards the furnace walls. The flame stabilizing ring 7 may be essentially of the shape of a truncated cone broadening in the direction of the furnace walls and the middle part of the furnace. The flame stabilizing ring 7 may also comprise a flared section protruding toward the secondary air flow channel and a number of teeth protruding toward the inside of the primary air flow channel, and the flared section having a smoothly curved cross-section, or profile, with a thickness that reduces smoothly toward the rim of the flared section. The flame stabilizing ring 7 may also be of any other shape, as long as it changes the flow field in the vicinity of the burner as desired.
Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of a gas lance 2 of the gas burner according to figures 1 and 2. The gas lance 2 is surrounded by a first cylinder 19. A primary air flow channel 3 having an outlet 21 is formed around the gas lance 2 and the other five gas lances not presented in figure 3. In figure 3, an oil lance 13 is also placed in the primary air flow channel 3. The oil lance 13 may be omitted. Primary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the primary air flow channel 3 at a velocity of 5 to 25 m/s.
The first cylinder 19 is coaxially surrounded by a second cylinder 20 having an outlet 22. An annular secondary air flow channel 4 is formed in between the first cylinder 19 and the second cylinder 20. Secondary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the secondary air flow channel 4 at a velocity of 45 to 60 m/s. A tertiary air flow channel 9 is formed in between the second cylinder 20 and a third cylinder 23 (not shown) . Tertiary air is supplied into the boiler furnace through the tertiary air flow channel 9 at a velocity of 45 to 60 m/s.
The first cylinder 19 has a free end 25 and a flame stabilizing ring 7 is attached to the free end 25 of the first cylinder 19. The flame stabilizing ring 7 comprises an annular section 26 broadening in the direction away from the outlet 21 of the primary air flow channel 3. Secondary air supplied through the secondary air flow channel 4 collides with the flame stabilizing ring 7.
The gas lance 2 comprises a downstream end 14. A first outlet 10 of the gas lance 2 is located at the downstream end 14 of the gas lance 2 for supplying fuel gas out of the downstream end 14. The surface of the downstream end 14 of the gas lance 2 is at a predetermined angle in relation to the length of the gas lance 2. The sides of the gas lance 2 also comprise a second outlet 11 and a third outlet 12. The second outlet 11 of the gas lance 2 comprises two openings and is directed towards the flame stabilizing ring 7 and away from the central axis (not shown) of the first cylinder 19. The third outlet 12 of the gas lance 2 comprises two openings and is directed towards the central axis (not shown) of the first cylinder 19 and away from the flame stabilizing ring 7. The number of openings in each of the outlets 10, 11, 12 of the gas lance 2 is not limited to any special value.
The first outlet 10 of the gas lance 2 is arranged to provide 80 to 95 % of the fuel gas. The second outlet is arranged to provide 5 to 20 % of the fuel gas. Alternatively, the second 11 and the third outlet 12 of the gas lance 2 together may be arranged to provide 5 to 20% of the fuel gas. Supplying fuel gas through the third outlet 12 of the gas lance 2 is not, however, necessary.
The fuel gas supplied through the second outlet 11 of the gas lance 2 merges with the primary air flow which turns into recirculating flow returning to the outlet of the primary air flow channel 3. The flame ignites in this recirculation zone formed downstream of and in the vicinity of the primary air flow channel. The fuel gas supplied through the first outlet 10 of the gas lance 2 is recirculated to the outlet 21 of the primary air flow channel 3 with the aid of tertiary air set into a rotating motion by the tertiary air swirler 8. In case the velocity of primary air supplied through the primary air flow channel 3 is low, it may be desirable to supply a small amount of fuel gas through the third outlet 12 of the gas lance 2 in addition to supplying fuel gas through the first 10 and the second outlets 11 of the gas lance 2.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that with the advancement of technology, the basic idea of the invention may be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above; instead they may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims (19)

1. Kaasupoltin polttokaasun polttamiseksi käsittäen : vähintään yhden kaasulanssin (2) polttokaasun syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään, ensimmäisen sylinterin (19), joka ympäröi vähintään yhtä kaasulanssia (2) ja määrittää primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) vähintään yhden kaasulanssin (2) ympärille primaari-ilman syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään, jossa ensimmäinen sylinteri (19) päättyy primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostuloon (21), toisen sylinterin (20), joka ympäröi koaksi-aalisesti ensimmäistä sylinteriä (19) ja yhdessä ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) kanssa määrittää renkaanmuo-toisen sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) sekundaari-ilman syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään, jossa toinen sylinteri (20) päättyy sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostuloon (22), kolmannen sylinterin (23), joka ympäröi koak-siaalisesti toista sylinteriä (20) ja yhdessä toisen sylinterin (20) kanssa määrittää renkaanmuotoisen ter-tiaari-ilman virtauskanavan (9) tertiaari-ilman syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään, jossa kolmas sylinteri (23) päättyy tertiaari-ilman virtauskanavan (9) ulostuloon (24) , tunnettu siitä, että ensimmäisessä sylinterissä (19) on primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulossa (21) sijaitseva vapaa pää (25) ja vapaaseen päähän (25) on liitetty liekin stabilointirengas (7) siten, että liekin stabi-lointirengas (7) ympäröi primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostuloa (21) ja peittää osan sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostulosta (22), vähintään yksi kaasulanssi (2) käsittää myö-tävirtauksenpuoleisen pään (14), joka käsittää ensimmäisen ulostulon (10) polttokaasun syöttämiseksi kat tilan tulipesään vähintään yhden kaasulanssin (2) myö-tävirtauksenpuoleisesta päästä (14), ja toisen ulostulon (11) polttokaasun syöttämiseksi kattilan tuli-pesään suunnassa, joka ulottuu poispäin ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) keskiakselista ja liekin stabilointi-rengasta (7) kohti.A gas burner for combustion of combustion gas comprising: at least one gas lance (2) for supplying combustion gas to a boiler furnace, a first cylinder (19) surrounding at least one gas lance (2) and defining a primary air flow conduit (3) around at least one gas lance (2) for supplying air to the boiler furnace, wherein the first cylinder (19) terminates at the outlet (21) of the primary air flow passage (3), the second cylinder (20) coaxially surrounding the first cylinder (19) and defining, together with the first cylinder (19) a second secondary air flow passage (4) for supplying secondary air to the boiler furnace where the second cylinder (20) terminates at the outlet (22) of the secondary air flow passage (4), the third cylinder (23) coaxially surrounding the second cylinder (20). ) and together with the second cylinder (20) define a ring tertiary air v a duct (9) for supplying tertiary air to the boiler furnace where the third cylinder (23) terminates at the outlet (24) of the tertiary air flow duct (9), characterized in that the first cylinder (19) has a primary air flow duct (3) ), and a flame stabilizer ring (7) is connected to the free end (25) so that the flame stabilizer ring (7) surrounds the outlet (21) of the primary air flow passage (3) and covers part of the secondary air flow passage (21). 4) from the outlet (22), the at least one gas lance (2) comprises a downstream end (14) comprising a first outlet (10) for feeding the combustion gas into the furnace furnace at least one gas lance (2) downstream end (14); an outlet (11) for supplying the combustion gas to the boiler fire housing in the direction extending away from the central axis of the first cylinder (19) and the flame stabilizer ring from (7). 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen kaasupol-tin, tunnettu siitä, että kaasulanssin (2) ensimmäinen ulostulo (10) on järjestetty syöttämään 80 -95 % polttokaasusta ja kaasulanssin (2) toinen ulostulo (11) on järjestetty syöttämään 5 - 20 % polttokaasusta .Gas burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first outlet (10) of the gas lance (2) is arranged to supply 80 to 95% of the combustion gas and the second outlet (11) of the gas lance (2) is arranged to supply 5 to 20%. 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 tai 2 mukainen kaa-supoltin, tunnettu siitä, että vähintään yksi kaasulanssi (2) käsittää kolmannen ulostulon (12) polttokaasun syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään suunnassa, joka ulottuu ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) kes-kiakselia kohti ja liekin stabilointirenkaasta (7) poispäin.Gas burner according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one gas lance (2) comprises a third outlet (12) for feeding the combustion gas into the furnace furnace in a direction extending towards the center axis of the first cylinder (19) and the flame stabilizer ring (7). away from you. 4. Patenttivaatimuksen 3 mukainen kaasupol-tin, tunnettu siitä, että kaasulanssin (2) ensimmäinen ulostulo (10) on järjestetty syöttämään 80 - 95 % polttokaasusta ja kaasulanssin (2) toinen (11) ja kolmas ulostulo (12) yhdessä on järjestetty syöttämään 5 - 20 % polttokaasusta.Gas burner according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first outlet (10) of the gas lance (2) is arranged to supply 80 to 95% of the combustion gas and the second (11) and third outlet (12) of the gas lance (2) - 20% of the fuel gas. 5. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että primaari-ilman nopeus primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulossa (21) on järjestetty olemaan 5-25 m/s.Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the velocity of the primary air at the outlet (21) of the primary air flow channel (3) is arranged to be 5-25 m / s. 6. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että sekundaari-ilman nopeus sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostulossa (22) on järjestetty olemaan 45 - 60 m/s.Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the velocity of the secondary air at the outlet (22) of the secondary air flow channel (4) is arranged to be between 45 and 60 m / s. 7. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että terti- aari-ilman nopeus tertiaari-ilman virtauskanavan (9) ulostulossa (24) on järjestetty olemaan 45 - 60 m/s.Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tertiary air velocity at the outlet (24) of the tertiary air flow passage (9) is arranged to be between 45 and 60 m / s. 8. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että liekin stabilointirengas (7) käsittää renkaanmuotoisen osan (26), joka levenee suunnassa, joka ulottuu poispäin primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulosta (21) .Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame stabilizing ring (7) comprises an annular part (26) which widens in a direction extending away from the outlet (21) of the primary air flow passage (3). 9. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että kaasupoltin käsittää öljylanssin (13) polttoöljyn syöttämiseksi kattilan tulipesään.Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas burner comprises an oil lance (13) for supplying fuel oil to the boiler furnace. 10. Jonkin edellisistä patenttivaatimuksista mukainen kaasupoltin, tunnettu siitä, että kaasupoltin käsittää joukon kaasulansseja (2), jotka on järjestetty ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) keskiakselin ympärille sen kehän muotoisesti.Gas burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas burner comprises a plurality of gas lances (2) arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder (19) in the shape of its circumference. 11. Menetelmä polttokaasun polttamiseksi kattilan tulipesässä käsittäen vaiheet, joissa: syötetään polttokaasu kattilan tuli-pesään vähintään yhdestä kaasulanssista (2), syötetään primaari-ilmaa kattilan tulipesään primaari-ilman virtauskanavasta (3), jonka määrittää vähintään yhden kaasulanssin (2) ympärille ensimmäinen sylinteri (19), joka ympäröi vähintään yhtä kaasulanssia (2), ja joka päättyy primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostuloon (21), syötetään sekundaari-ilmaa kattilan tulipesään renkaanmuotoisesta sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavasta (4), jonka määrittävät ensimmäinen sylinteri (19) ja toinen sylinteri (20), joka ympäröi ensimmäistä sylinteriä (19) koaksiaalisesti, ja joka päättyy sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostuloon (22), ja syötetään tertiaari-ilmaa kattilan tulipesään renkaanmuotoisesta tertiaari-ilman virtaus- kanavasta (9), jonka määrittävät toinen sylinteri (20) ja kolmas sylinteri (23), joka ympäröi toista sylinteriä (20) koaksiaalisesti, tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä käsittää muodostetaan paluuvirtausvyöhyke primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulon (21) myö-tävirtauksen puolelle ja sen läheisyyteen järjestämällä primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostuloon (21) liekin stabilointirengas (7), joka liitetään ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) vapaaseen päähän (25) siten, että liekin stabilointirengas (7) ympäröi primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostuloa (21) ja peittää osan sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostulosta (22), ja syötetään polttokaasu kattilan tuli-pesään kaasulanssin (2) ensimmäisestä ulostulosta (10) vähintään yhden kaasulanssin (2) myötävirtauksenpuo-leisesta päästä (14) sekä kaasulanssin (2) toisesta ulostulosta (11) suunnassa, joka ulottuu poispäin ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) keskiakselista ja liekin stabilointirengasta (7) kohti.A method for burning combustion gas in a boiler furnace comprising the steps of: supplying the combustion gas to the boiler furnace from at least one gas lance (2), supplying primary air to the boiler furnace from a primary air flow passage (3) defined by a first cylinder (19), which surrounds at least one gas lance (2) and terminates at the outlet (21) of the primary air flow passage (3), supplying secondary air to the furnace of the boiler from an annular secondary air flow passage (4) defined by the first cylinder (19) and a second cylinder (20) coaxially surrounding the first cylinder (19) terminating at the outlet (22) of the secondary air flow passage (4) and supplying tertiary air to the boiler furnace from an annular tertiary air flow passage (9) defined by a second cylinder (20) and a third cylinder (23) which coaxially surrounding the second cylinder (20), characterized in that the method comprises forming a return flow zone on and near the downstream side of the primary air flow channel (3) outlet (21) by providing a flame stabilizing ring (7) at the primary air flow channel outlet (21). ) connected to the free end (25) of the first cylinder (19) such that the flame stabilizer ring (7) surrounds the outlet (21) of the primary air flow passage (3) and covers part of the outlet (22) of the secondary air flow passage (4); feeding the combustion gas to the boiler fire housing from the first outlet (10) of the gas lance (2) downstream of the at least one gas lance (2) and the second outlet (11) of the gas lance (2) extending away from the center axis of the first cylinder (19); towards the flame stabilizer ring (7). 12. Patenttivaatimuksen 11 mukainen menetel mä, tunnettu siitä, että 80 - 95 % polttokaasus-ta syötetään kaasulanssin (2) ensimmäisestä ulostulosta (10) ja 5 - 20 % polttokaasusta syötetään kaasu lanssin (2) toisesta ulostulosta (11).Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that 80-95% of the combustion gas is supplied from the first outlet (10) of the gas lance (2) and 5-20% of the combustion gas is supplied from the second outlet (11) of the lance (2). 13. Patenttivaatimuksen 11 tai 12 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että polttokaasua syötetään kattilan tulipesään kaasulanssin (2) kolmannesta ulostulosta (12) suunnassa, joka ulottuu ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) keskiakselia kohti ja liekin stabilointirenkaasta (7) poispäin.Method according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the combustion gas is supplied to the furnace furnace from the third outlet (12) of the gas lance (2) in the direction extending towards the central axis of the first cylinder (19) and away from the flame stabilizer ring (7). 14. Patenttivaatimuksen 13 mukainen menetel mä, tunnettu siitä, että 80 - 95 % polttokaasusta syötetään kaasulanssin (2) ensimmäisestä ulostulosta (10) ja yhteensä 5 - 20 % polttokaasusta syötetään kaasulanssin (2) toisesta (11) ja kolmannesta ulostulosta (12) .Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that 80-95% of the fuel gas is supplied from the first outlet (10) of the gas lance (2) and a total of 5-20% of the fuel gas is supplied from the second (11) and third outlet (12) of the gas lance (2). 15. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksista 11 - 14 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että primaari-ilman nopeus primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulossa (21) on 5 - 25 m/s.Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the primary air velocity at the outlet (21) of the primary air flow channel (3) is 5 to 25 m / s. 16. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksista 11 - 15 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että sekundaari-ilman nopeus sekundaari-ilman virtauskanavan (4) ulostulossa (22) on 45 - 60 m/s.Method according to one of Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the secondary air velocity at the outlet (22) of the secondary air flow duct (4) is 45 to 60 m / s. 17. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksista 11 - 16 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että tertiaari-ilman nopeus tertiaari-ilman virtauskanavan (9) ulostulossa (24) on 45 - 60 m/s.Method according to one of Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the velocity of the tertiary air at the outlet (24) of the tertiary air flow channel (9) is 45 to 60 m / s. 18. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksista 11 - 17 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että liekin stabilointirengas (7) käsittää renkaanmuotoisen osan (26), joka levenee suunnassa, joka ulottuu poispäin primaari-ilman virtauskanavan (3) ulostulosta (21).Method according to one of Claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the flame stabilizing ring (7) comprises an annular part (26) which widens in a direction extending away from the outlet (21) of the primary air flow channel (3). 19. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksista 11 - 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että poltto-kaasu syötetään kattilan tulipesään joukosta kaasu-lansseja (2), jotka on järjestetty ensimmäisen sylinterin (19) keskiakselin ympärille sen kehän muotoisesti .Method according to one of Claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the combustion gas is introduced into the furnace of the boiler by a plurality of gas lances (2) arranged around the central axis of the first cylinder (19) in the shape of its circumference.
FI20155277A 2015-04-14 2015-04-14 Low Nitrogen Oxide Gas Burner and Method for Combustion of Fuel Gas FI125911B (en)

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DE4328130A1 (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-23 Saacke Gmbh & Co Kg Method and device for low-emission combustion of flowable and / or gaseous fuels with internal flue gas recirculation
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