EP3701450A1 - Determination of un/favorable time periods for the application of plant protection agents - Google Patents
Determination of un/favorable time periods for the application of plant protection agentsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3701450A1 EP3701450A1 EP18788795.5A EP18788795A EP3701450A1 EP 3701450 A1 EP3701450 A1 EP 3701450A1 EP 18788795 A EP18788795 A EP 18788795A EP 3701450 A1 EP3701450 A1 EP 3701450A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- field
- period
- information
- product
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004476 plant protection product Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- DDBMQDADIHOWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aclonifen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C(Cl)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DDBMQDADIHOWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013145 classification model Methods 0.000 description 28
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 25
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000885 phytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002890 Aclonifen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007637 random forest analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011234 economic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003646 Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013136 deep learning model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000208 phytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the application of pesticides with attention to side effects.
- Objects of the present invention are a method, an apparatus, a computer program product and a system that allow to identify favorable and / or unfavorable periods for the application of a pesticide product.
- Plant protection products are used worldwide to protect plants or plant products from harmful organisms or to prevent their action, to destroy unwanted plants or plant parts, to inhibit undesirable growth of plants or to prevent such growth, and / or in another way
- plant protection products may also have (usually unwanted) side effects.
- side effects may be influenced by or dependent on environmental conditions. For example, weather conditions may affect the extent to which side effects of a crop protection agent appear.
- a first subject of the present invention is thus a
- a method for planning an application of a plant protection product on a field in a period comprising the steps
- Another object of the present invention is a
- Apparatus for planning an application of a plant protection product on a field in a period of time comprising
- the input unit is configured to enable a user of the device to specify the geographic location of the field and provide agricultural information about the field; wherein the sending unit is configured to send geographical location information about the field and information about the time period;
- the receiving unit is configured to receive environmental information about the field for the period
- processing unit is configured based on the agricultural
- processing unit is configured, a statement on the meaning of the
- Another object of the present invention is a
- Computer program product comprising a data carrier on which a computer program is stored, which can be loaded into the main memory of a computer system and there causes the computer system to carry out the following steps:
- Another object of the present invention is a
- a first processing unit configured to determine, based on the agricultural information and the environmental information, a probability of the occurrence of side effects of a crop protection product for a period of time;
- a second processing unit configured to generate a statement on the meaningfulness of the application of the pesticide product to the field in the period
- an output unit configured to communicate the message to the user.
- the starting point for the present invention is a person (hereinafter also referred to as user) who wants to know whether it makes sense to use a crop protection product in a specified period of time on a specified field for crops.
- the user wants to know in which period the use of a
- Pesticide in the field makes sense.
- crop protection agent is understood to mean an agent which serves to protect plants or plant products from harmful organisms or to prevent their action, to destroy unwanted plants or plant parts, to inhibit unwanted growth of plants or to prevent such growth, and / or in a different way than nutrients affect the life processes of plants (eg growth regulators).
- crop protection agents are herbicides, fungicides and pesticides (e.g., insecticides).
- the crop protection agent is a herbicide.
- the crop protection agent is a herbicide that becomes active at the bottom of the field.
- a plant protection product usually contains one or more active substances.
- Active substances are substances which have a specific action in an organism and cause a specific reaction, preferably the active substance is an active substance from the group of the diphenyl ether herbicides, very particularly preferably aclonifen (2-chloro) 6-nitro-3-phenoxyaniline).
- a crop protection agent will contain a carrier to dilute the one or more active ingredients.
- additives such as preservatives, buffers, dyes and the like are conceivable.
- a plant protection product may be solid, liquid or gaseous.
- a plant protection product is usually offered in packaged form with information for use as a crop protection product.
- a crop protection product may contain one or more crop protection agents as a mixture or as separate components.
- a crop protection agent may be mixed with other substances, for example nutrients.
- the crop protection product is Mateno® or another acyclonifen-containing crop protection product.
- a region of the earth's surface on which a pesticide product is to be used it is necessary to specify a region of the earth's surface on which a pesticide product is to be used.
- Cultivated plants are to be cultivated or cultivated, are used.
- field is understood to mean a spatially delimitable area of the earth's surface which is preferably used for agriculture by planting crops, supplying them with nutrients and harvesting them in such a field.
- cultiva plant is understood to mean a plant that is purposefully cultivated by the intervention of humans as a useful or ornamental plant.
- Crop protection product is to be used, is used for agricultural purposes or not, this area is referred to herein as field.
- To specify the field requires knowledge of the geographic coordinates of at least one point located in the field or on its borders, or at least knowledge of a location in the vicinity of the field.
- the specification of the field is usually done by a user.
- This user can enter the geographical coordinates of at least one point of the field, for example via an input unit (eg keyboard) in the inventive device.
- an input unit eg keyboard
- the user is displayed on a screen, a geographical map of the earth's surface or parts thereof.
- the user can draw a point on the map with, for example, an input device such as a computer mouse or a computer mouse
- GPS Global Positioning System
- NAVSTAR GPS NAVSTAR GPS
- NAVSTAR GPS NAVSTAR Satellite System
- NAVSTAR GPS NAVSTAR Satellite System
- a user draws field boundaries on a digital map and thus specifies the field.
- the user to enter the name of a location or a region in a computer system which is located near the field or comprises the field.
- the specification of the field ultimately serves to determine the geographical location of a place for which environmental conditions are to be determined.
- agricultural information about the field is determined.
- this information is entered by a user via an input unit, for example, in the inventive device or system according to the invention. It is also conceivable that the information or part of the information is transmitted from a database.
- Agricultural information also includes the setting of the agricultural machine with which the field is being processed, this information can be provided either manually or automatically via the electronic equipment of the agricultural machine.
- the electronic equipment of the agricultural machine may include a processing step, a processing sequence and / or a setting of the
- agricultural machinery such as seed placement depth
- record and transmit it to a computer or computer system Alternatively or additionally, an adjustment of the agricultural machine, such as the seed placement depth, can be determined by means of an image of parts of the agricultural machine.
- the agricultural information is one or more information from the list below: - crop grown or to be cultivated in the field,
- the BBCH code (or BBCH scale) provides information about the morphological
- the cultivated plant cultivated in the field may or may not be specified by the user. It is conceivable that the device according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention can only be used for a defined (predetermined)
- Cultivated plant are configured.
- the device according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention are preferably configured for a plurality of crops.
- a user selects the attached or the
- an input unit e.g. typed in or selected from a (virtual) list (e.g., pull-down menu).
- a (virtual) list e.g., pull-down menu
- the crop is a cereal, more preferably winter barley or winter wheat.
- Crop protection product to be used should be specified. It is conceivable that the device according to the invention and the inventive
- Pesticide product are configured.
- the device according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention are preferably configured for the use of a plurality of pesticide products.
- a user selects the pesticide product used by inserting it, for example, via an input unit, eg in text form, or selecting it from a (virtual) list (eg pull-down menu).
- the crop protection product is specified by reading an optical code. It is conceivable, for example, that an optical code is printed on a packaging of the pesticide product, which is read out with a suitable reading device and then the data read out are transmitted to the device or the system according to the invention.
- optical codes are a bar code (eg Codabar, Code128 etc.), a 2D code (eg Codablock, code 49 etc.) or a matrix code (eg DataMatrix, MaxiCode, Aztec code, QR code, etc.).
- bar code eg Codabar, Code128 etc.
- 2D code eg Codablock, code 49 etc.
- matrix code eg DataMatrix, MaxiCode, Aztec code, QR code, etc.
- the reading can be done, for example, with an optical scanner or a camera (which is nowadays part of every smartphone).
- information on the crop protection product is stored in another form, e.g. in an RFID tag.
- a planned dosage (dosage rate, [g / L]) and / or order quantity are specified.
- the user also specifies one or more periods for which he would like to be informed whether the use of the specified
- Pesticide product makes sense or not. For example, he could enter the period in a digital calendar. It is also conceivable that there are presets that are stored in the computer program according to the invention, for example, the coming days and / or weeks. Preferably, the user specifies the period (s) for which he is interested.
- period defines a temporal segment, preferably in the future, for which the use of a plant protection product is planned. Usually, the
- Period is / are named.
- environmental conditions for the specified field are determined for one or more specified periods of time.
- Preferred environmental conditions are the weather in the period for which the use of the pesticide product is planned, and the weather for one to several days (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days) this period and the weather one to several days (eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days) after this period.
- Parameters that characterize the weather for a defined period of time include:
- the data of the weather conditions for one or more specified periods may, for example, be requested from commercial providers and / or from public sources.
- the query is preferably at least partially via the Internet.
- At least parts of the environmental condition data are from a weather station, which is more preferably located directly at the specified field.
- soil physical properties eg grain size, microstructure, pore volume, effective storage density, etc.
- soil chemical properties carbonate content, pH, buffer range, ion exchange capacity, redox potential , etc.
- soil biological properties rooting, humus content, etc.
- environmental conditions for the considered field or for the region in which the considered field is located are stored in databases to which e.g. can be accessed via the Internet. It is also conceivable that environmental conditions are entered by a user and / or locally determined and recorded with the aid of sensors.
- relevant environmental conditions and relevant agricultural information are determined in advance empirically. It is conceivable, for example, that test series are used to determine which parameters have an influence on the side effects of a patient
- Probable side effects occur for one or more specified periods and to what extent they may occur.
- Prediction models that have been developed, for example, from test series can be used for such a prediction.
- the purpose of the assessment is to be able to give the user a recommendation for action: he should or should not use a contemplated pesticide product in a specified field for a specified period of time.
- the disadvantages arising from the side effects are to be contrasted with the advantages offered by the crop protection product.
- the crop protection product is a herbicide. By using the herbicide, weeds are being pushed back on the field and more resources (such as nutrients, water, sunlight) are being grown
- an ecological assessment can also be carried out. It is also conceivable that a risk assessment based on the likelihood of the occurrence of side effects is performed. Is the probability of
- graduated recommendations can also be generated (for example in the form of a traffic light representation (red: no recommendation, yellow:
- conditional recommendation green: recommendation
- conditional recommendation green: recommendation
- in the form of other representations with even more gradations
- the result of the evaluation described is a statement on the meaningfulness. This statement is transmitted to the user. An output on a screen and / or speakers is conceivable.
- the statement can be made in text form, in the form of symbols, colors and / or by means of speech output.
- the sending of an e-mail or a "message" with the statement to the user is conceivable.
- the user uses the pesticide product in a recommended period of time.
- the application by the agricultural machine can be triggered immediately if the rating is positive or if recommended.
- a trigger signal can be generated, which can be transmitted to the agricultural machine.
- the Tirggersignal can be generated independently of the evaluation by a user confirmation. Further alternatively or additionally, the Tirggersignal can be generated at predetermined ratings by a user confirmation.
- the Tirggersignal can be generated by a user confirmation at a first and second rating level according to a fürsempftationung, while at a third or higher rating level corresponding to no application recommendation the Tirggersignal can not be generated by a user confirmation or is blocked ,
- the method of the invention is preferably at least partially assisted by one or more computers, i.
- One or more steps of the method according to the invention are carried out by one or more computers.
- the method is advantageously performed on a distributed system.
- the method is advantageously carried out as embedded software.
- a first computer is within the scope of the user.
- the first computer can be a workstation or Workstation computer (personal computer short: PC), which is used for VDU work. It can also be a mobile device such as a tablet computer, a smartphone, a laptop, a smartwatch or the like.
- the first computer has an input unit configured to enable a user to specify the geographic location of a field and to provide agricultural information about the field.
- the inputs to the geographical location of the field and the agricultural information as described above are usually via computer mouse, keyboard and / or a touch-sensitive screen. Also a voice input by means of microphone and speech recognition is conceivable. Also, a GPS sensor for detecting the geographical position of the user has already been described above.
- the system according to the invention also has means for providing
- environmental information may be stored in a database.
- Database can be part of the first computer; however, it may also be part of a second computer to which the first computer can connect via a network (e.g., the Internet). It is also conceivable that the environmental information is only determined on request (by the first computer), e.g. be calculated. In particular for future weather conditions, it may happen that these are first determined on the basis of existing weather models for the geographical position of the field and a specified period of time.
- first and second computers that can communicate with one another via a network.
- the first computer has a transmitting unit with which it can provide information about the geographical location of the field (and
- the second computer has a receiving unit with which it can receive the data sent by the first computer.
- the Computer determines environmental information for the specified field and for the specified period based on the received data. It is conceivable that this information is already stored on the second computer, or that the second computer calculates this information itself or that the second computer contacts one or more other computers to obtain this information.
- the second computer also has a transmitting unit with which it can, for example, send the environmental information to the first computer.
- the first computer also has a
- Receiving unit with which he, for example, the environmental information from the first computer can receive. Based on environmental information and agricultural
- a probability of the occurrence of side effects of the crop protection product for the specified period is determined. This is done by means of a (first) processing unit.
- This (first) processing unit may be part of the first computer or it may be part of the second
- the processing unit supplies the agricultural information and the environmental information to a model for predicting the side effects.
- the model can be dynamic process-based or even wholly or partially rule-based or statistical or data-supported / empirical.
- the model has been previously developed preferably on the basis of empirical investigations (e.g., field and / or laboratory tests).
- the model for predicting side effects is a classification model. It can be different
- Classification models are used, such as Neural Networks, Deep Learning Models, Decision Trees, Random Forest Models, SVN, GradientBoosting, NaiveBayes, Nearest Neighbor Models, and the like.
- Neural Networks Deep Learning Models
- Decision Trees Random Forest Models
- SVN Random Forest Models
- GradientBoosting NaiveBayes
- Nearest Neighbor Models and the like.
- Embodiment is a Random Forest model.
- the processing unit uses the model to calculate a likelihood of occurrence and severity of side effects.
- Environmental information as input data for the classification models are used as input data.
- additional test data or laboratory data are used as input data.
- more than 100 input data are selected to obtain sufficiently meaningful classification models.
- predominantly weather data are used as input data.
- more than 50, preferably more than 150, more preferably more than 500 input data are selected.
- Classification models are divided into exactly four or at least four initial classes, with the four initial classes being defined as “no damage”, “acceptable damage”, “unacceptable damage” and “severe damage”.
- the definition of “no harm” corresponds to a phytotoxicity of 0-5%, the definition of “acceptable harm” to a phytotoxicity of 5-15%, the definition of “unacceptable harm” to a phytotoxicity of 15-30% and the definition “severe damage "a phytotoxicity of> 30%.
- Phytotoxicity indicates the degree of harmfulness of the plant protection product to the crop.
- different classification models are preferably generated based on all the input data, and then the predictive accuracy of the individual classification models is determined.
- the individual classification models are preferably with different
- Classification models can be realistically tested or validated.
- Classification models is used. Preferably, the ratio of
- Input data for learning to the input data for testing at 0.5 to 0.8 is used for learning and 20% of all input data is used to test the classification model.
- Correlation matrix of all input variables generated. From the correlation matrix a rank correlation coefficient can be determined for each input variable. The higher the correlation matrix
- the rank correlation coefficient is a Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient.
- a dimension reduction is preferably performed based on the correlation matrix, of which plurality of input variables only a reduced number of the most important input variables is used.
- the number of the most important input variables is below 20 in one
- the number of the most important input variables is less than 100, preferably less than 50, more preferably less than 10.
- all classification models with the reduced number of input variables are preferably subsequently generated and the prediction accuracy is determined.
- the learning ratio is varied.
- the classification model with the best prediction accuracy is selected, in one embodiment, the classification model with the best prediction accuracy is preferably the random forest model.
- the selected one is preferably subsequently
- Prediction accuracy sets. Alternatively, it does not select the number of input variables that will set the best prediction accuracy, but the least number of input variables with which the prediction accuracy is negligible below the best prediction accuracy.
- the most important input variables comprise at least one or more of the following input variables: the type of plant, the dosage of the plant protection product, the mean soil temperature, the
- Soil temperature, planting depth, clay content, maximum air temperature and long-wave radiation Soil temperature, planting depth, clay content, maximum air temperature and long-wave radiation.
- This (second) processing unit may be part of the first computer or it may be part of the second computer. It is also conceivable that it is part of another computer that can connect to the first and / or the second computer via a network (eg the Internet).
- the first and second processing units may be identical or different. If the statement was generated on the second (or another computer), it is transmitted via the transmitting unit to the first computer, which uses the
- Receive unit receives.
- the first computer has an output unit, with which the statement is transmitted to the user.
- the output unit may be a screen and / or a speaker or the like.
- the statement is preferably reflected via a traffic light system, which is expected to reproduce acceptable damage in shades of green and likely to return unacceptable damage in reds.
- the statement is preferably further processed such that an expected yield of the field is calculated under different conditions and the results are compared and evaluated with one another.
- the yield of the field is immediate
- the method is carried out not only under the currently prevailing conditions but also under prediction of future conditions.
- the weather conditions and / or the price of the crop are predicted on the market.
- the yield of the field using the crop protection product is compared to the yield without use of the crop protection product.
- recommendations for the user can be calculated for the correct use of the pesticide product.
- the return of investment is additionally calculated.
- the recommendation for the user preferably comprises a balance between phytotoxic effects and / or the yield of the field and / or the return of investment
- the computer program product according to the invention can be offered for sale on a data medium and / or made available on a website via a network (eg the Internet) for downloading and installation.
- a network eg the Internet
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a part of a graphical user interface of
- Computer program product according to the invention.
- the user is asked to specify the field (Choose or type in your location).
- a digital map (10) will be displayed.
- the map section can be entered via the virtual buttons (12) (+) or
- the map section can be moved with a computer mouse or a finger via a touch-sensitive screen.
- the specification of the field is made either by entering a name of a location (where the field is located or near the field) and / or by clicking on a point on the digital map (using the computer mouse or the finger).
- FIG. 2 shows by way of example a further part of a graphical user interface of the computer program product according to the invention. The user is asked to
- the crop protection product (Product) to be used is selected via a virtual menu (20).
- the cultivated crop grown on the field (crop name) is selected via a virtual menu (21).
- a start date (Predicition start date) is entered in a field (22) that defines the beginning of the period for which a recommendation on the use of the pesticide product is to be made.
- the user interface can be configured in such a way that a mouse click in the field (22) opens a virtual calendar in which the start date can be selected by mouse click.
- the planting depth (P / anting depth) of the crop is adjusted by means of a virtual slider (23).
- the planned dosage (dosage rate) of the pesticide product is adjusted by means of a virtual slider (24).
- the computer program may be configured to compare the selected dosage with dosage recommendations for the selected crop protection product that may be stored in a database. If the selected dosage is in the range appropriate for the selected dose
- FIG. 3 shows by way of example a result of an analysis according to the method according to the invention. On the 14th and 15th of September will be an insert of the selected
- FIG. 4 shows a more detailed result of an analysis according to the
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the dependence of prediction accuracy on the number of most influential variables used in a classification model.
- Prediction accuracy determined.
- a correlation matrix of all 126 variables was generated in order to then perform a dimension reduction. With the dimension reduction the most influential variables were determined and the
- Prediction accuracy was selected (Random Forrest model) and generated again with different number of variables, with prediction accuracy being analyzed. This is visible in FIG. 5. The last step was to select the number of variables that has the highest prediction accuracy. Alternatively, it does not select the number of input variables that will set the best prediction accuracy, but the least number of input variables with which the prediction accuracy is negligible below the best prediction accuracy.
- the average prediction accuracy of the selected classification model is 80%. Conversely, this implies an inaccuracy of 20%, which means that the classification model is wrong in 20% of the cases.
- the output data of the classification model was divided into four output classes.
- the "no harm” source class is defined as no adverse effect on the plants and the “acceptable harm” source class is defined as causing very little or even acceptable damage to the plants as a side effect.
- the initial category “unacceptable damage” is defined by the fact that usually no more acceptable and unacceptable damage to the plants arises.
- the starting class “severe damage” is defined by the fact that the plants are completely damaged as a side effect.
- Plant protection product on the field in the period is determined.
- Table 1 shows which of the examined variables (predictors) in the present example allow the most accurate prediction for the occurrence of phytotoxic side effects.
- Table 1 Variables with an influence on the phytotoxic effect of aclonifen on winter wheat and winter barley
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