EP2934066B1 - Led lighting device with color mixing - Google Patents

Led lighting device with color mixing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2934066B1
EP2934066B1 EP15000623.7A EP15000623A EP2934066B1 EP 2934066 B1 EP2934066 B1 EP 2934066B1 EP 15000623 A EP15000623 A EP 15000623A EP 2934066 B1 EP2934066 B1 EP 2934066B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
colour
color
voltage
led lighting
time window
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EP15000623.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2934066A3 (en
EP2934066A2 (en
Inventor
Uwe Nieberlein
Jens Jordan
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Diehl Aerospace GmbH
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Diehl Aerospace GmbH
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Publication of EP2934066A3 publication Critical patent/EP2934066A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED lighting device with color mixing, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating the LED lighting device.
  • LED lightings have the advantage over thermal light sources that they are very small and at the same time commercially available in different colors, so that it is cost-effective and at the same time space-saving possible to produce colored lighting.
  • One application of colored lighting is interior lighting, such as in an airplane.
  • a colored lighting ambient lighting for example, depending on the time of day different lighting colors can be selected.
  • a rectified AC voltage is supplied as a supply voltage to these LED arrays, wherein a control device ensures that the LED array assumes a circuit state which corresponds to a current voltage value of the supply voltage. In this way, it is possible to operate the LED array with a rectifier circuit, but without a switching power supply, to an AC power supply. It is also mentioned in the applications that the LEDs can have different colors.
  • the patent application US 2010/0090607 A1 discloses an LED lighting device with color mixing.
  • an LED lighting device is proposed, which is suitable and / or designed for illuminating an interior.
  • the LED lighting device is designed to illuminate a passenger compartment of an aircraft.
  • an aircraft with one or more such LED lighting devices forms a further subject of the invention.
  • the LED lighting device comprises a color mixing unit, wherein the color mixing unit has at least a first and a second color group of LEDs.
  • LEDs are understood to be light-emitting diodes.
  • the color mixing unit is preferably formed as a functional unit, wherein the LEDs of the at least two color groups are preferably arranged distributed arbitrarily on a surface.
  • the LEDs of the color groups differ depending on the color group by their luminous color. For example, one color group can only have green LEDs, another color group can only have red LEDs, another color group can only have blue LEDs.
  • each of the color groups exclusively comprises LEDs of a luminous color. Other fluorescent colors, such as orange or white are also possible.
  • each color group preferably at least five, in particular at least ten LEDs are arranged.
  • the LED lighting device has a power supply, which is designed to supply the color mixing unit with a supply voltage.
  • the supply voltage has the form of a rectified AC voltage.
  • the LED lighting device is designed for an AC voltage supply.
  • the AC power supply can be, for example, a public power grid with an effective mains voltage of 230 volts and a grid frequency of 50 hertz.
  • the AC voltage supply has an effective voltage between 100 and 150 volts, in particular 115 volts, and a mains frequency between 100 hertz and 800 hertz, in particular between 150 hertz and 400 hertz.
  • the AC power supply is provided in the aircraft.
  • the power supply may comprise a rectifier device, which the AC voltage of the AC power supply in the rectified AC voltage as supply voltage rectifies with a supply current.
  • the rectifier device may be, for example, a bridge circuit.
  • the alternating voltage is particularly preferably designed as a sine voltage, in alternative embodiments it may also be a distorted sine voltage or another alternating alternating voltage.
  • the supply voltage as a rectified AC voltage is formed in particular with regularly repeating, preferably sinusoidal half-waves. The repetition frequency of the half-waves of the supply voltage defines a voltage frequency. In particular, the voltage frequency of the supply voltage is twice as high as the frequency of the AC voltage of the AC voltage supply, since this is generated by a "folding" of the negative half-waves.
  • the LED lighting device comprises a control device for the selective activation and deactivation of the color groups, wherein the color mixing unit generates a mixed color, in particular for a human user, by means of the selectively activated and deactivated color groups.
  • the mixed color is particularly preferably formed as a stationary or quasi-stationary mixed color, wherein a change of the mixed color with a frequency less than 10 Hertz, preferably less than 1 Hertz occurs.
  • a color time window is defined, which is repeated with a color mixing frequency.
  • the color time window represents a description aid for the temporal behavior of the LED lighting device.
  • the control device is designed to control the color groups in such a way that they are activated one after the other within the color time window in order to produce the mixed color during the color time window. Within a color-time window, the color groups are thus activated one after the other in order to produce the mixed color.
  • a color time window thus describes exactly a temporal passage of all color groups of the color mixing unit. In other words, a color time window starts upon activation of the first color group and ends at the time of deactivating the last color group. The color time window thus describes exactly the duration during which all color groups of the color mixing unit were activated exactly once.
  • One or more color time windows define a color period. In particular, a color period comprises exactly one color time window.
  • a mixed color can be generated in particular for the human observer, that at the same time LEDs with different luminous colors are activated.
  • the mixed color is thus generated by temporal multiplexing of the different luminous colors.
  • the generation of the mixed color is based on the fact that, in particular, the human observer is not able to resolve changes with a frequency, for example greater than 30 hertz or 50 hertz, instead the different luminous colors are optically accumulated and integrated.
  • a flexible LED lighting device By temporally multiplexing the color groups, a flexible LED lighting device can thus be implemented, which on the one hand enables a color mixing operation and on the other hand requires only a few components due to the supply voltage with rectified AC voltage.
  • control device is designed to control the color mixing unit so that at the same time or at the same time only a maximum of one color group is activated.
  • the number of switching operations for a mixed color represented by luminous colors of all color groups corresponds to the number of color groups minus 1 to minimize the switching operations.
  • at most one, so exactly one or no switching in a half-wave takes place.
  • the color mixing frequency is particularly preferred for the color mixing frequency to be greater than 30 hertz, preferably greater than 50 hertz, in order to avoid flicker, in particular color flicker, in the human observer.
  • the color mixing frequency corresponds to the voltage frequency and / or that the color time window is designed to be the same time as one of the half-waves.
  • This embodiment is particularly easy to implement, since in the planning of the switching operations only a single half-wave must be considered, which then repeats with the color mixing frequency and / or the voltage frequency.
  • the half-waves and the color time windows are synchronized in terms of time, but are arranged offset in time relative to one another by a particular fixed and / or constant phase angle. So it is not necessary that the mixed color is generated within a half-wave, it is possible, however, that the mixed color is realized by the second half of a first half-wave and by the first half of a subsequent second half-wave. In this way, it is possible that, for example, switching operations are set in minima of the supply voltage, which are arranged between the half-waves, so that the switching operations can take place at least partially in the de-energized state of the color mixing unit.
  • phase angle is selected as a function of the mixed color.
  • different strategies for temporal positioning of the switching operations by the free choice of the phase angle and / or the mixed-color-dependent choice of the phase angle can be implemented.
  • a first possible strategy is to maximize the number of switching operations in the voltage minima of the supply voltage.
  • a second possible strategy is to place the switching operations in voltage-low ranges of the half-waves, since a random time shift or a jitter due to the low power output in the low-voltage areas has only a small influence on the mixed color.
  • the color mixing frequency is formed smaller than the voltage frequency, in particular the voltage frequency is an integer multiple of the color mixing frequency, or - alternatively expressed - that the color time window is formed in time longer than one of the half-waves.
  • the mixed color is generated by color components of the color group, which are distributed over more than one consecutive half-waves. In this way, the mental bond of the identical length of half wave and color time window is abandoned.
  • the voltage field can be better addressed, which is the one, the switching operations and / or the color mixing frequency so fast or to hold high that the human observer does not recognize color flickering and at the same time implement the switching operations with a frequency as low as possible, since the switching operations on the one hand can mean instabilities and on the other hand small dark phases.
  • a quotient between the voltage frequency and the color mixing frequency and / or between the time length of the color time window and the time length of the half-wave is formed as a rational number.
  • ratios such as 2: 1, 3: 1, 3: 2, 4: 1, 4: 2, 4: 3, etc. can be implemented.
  • the value of the voltage frequency is an integer multiple of the value of the color mixing frequency and / or the length of the color time window is an integral multiple of the time length of the half-wave.
  • a number of Y consecutive color time windows are assigned a number of Y consecutive half-waves.
  • the X color time windows thereby define a color period, the Y half-waves a voltage period, wherein the color period and the voltage period have the same length.
  • the color period and the voltage period it is possible for the color period and the voltage period to be arranged offset from one another at a fixed and / or constant phase angle with respect to one another.
  • the phase angle is dependent on the mixed color.
  • the number of color groups, the number of color time windows within the color period and the number of halfwaves within the voltage period are selected so that only one switching operation is required per half-wave to produce the mixed color.
  • the LED lighting device has three different color groups, with the color time window extending over three half-waves. With an adapted selection of the phase angle, it can be achieved that only one switching operation is required in each half-wave in order to achieve any mixing color of the three colors.
  • phase angle is selected so that the switching operations are stored at the beginning of a half-wave, for example within the first 30 percent of the time length of a half-wave, since the voltage in this period of time is very small and thus any temporal Shifts in the switching process are not clearly visible in the mixed color.
  • a change in the phase angle between the color period and voltage period or between color time window and half-wave in the time course During a first color period or during a first color time window, color period and voltage period or color time window and half-wave have a first phase angle. During a subsequent second color period, color period and voltage period or color time window and half-wave have a different second phase angle. The second phase angle may be smaller or larger than the first phase angle.
  • Such a phase shift is achieved by corresponding reduction or enlargement of the duration of the color period or of the color-time window compared to the duration of the voltage period or the half-wave. Since the duration of the half-wave or the voltage period are usually fixed by the voltage network, there is a phase shift by changing, so reducing or increasing the duration of the color time window.
  • the LED lighting device comprises a switching arrangement, wherein the switching arrangement is designed to put the LEDs of a color group in at least two switching states, wherein the switching states differ by the forward voltage (not equal to 0V) of the color group.
  • the different forward voltages of the switching states are achieved by connecting the LEDs in series or in series or in parallel, depending on the switching state, in order to change the forward voltage. For example, if you switch two LEDs, each with a forward voltage of 3.4 volts in series, the common forward voltage is 6.4 volts. If these are switched in parallel, the forward voltage is only 3.4 volts. According to this system, the LEDs can also be switched in subgroups - parallel and serial - to achieve the different forward voltages.
  • control device is designed to control the color groups in an activation so that a circuit state is activated with a forward voltage, wherein the forward voltage is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage.
  • control device is designed to activate the switching state in the circuit arrangement, which has the highest forward voltage, which is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage.
  • a color time window which comprises at least or exactly one half wave
  • a color group becomes in a circuit state activated with a forward voltage which is smaller than the instantaneous value of the supply voltage.
  • this other color group again has a switching state with a forward voltage, which to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage is adjusted.
  • the LED lighting device is designed in particular as a lamp.
  • the color mixing unit emits a uniform or surface light.
  • the LED lighting device has a switch-on module, wherein the switch-on module is designed to generate a constant phase offset between the voltage frequency and the color mixing frequency when the LED lighting device is switched on.
  • the phase offset may be e.g. be generated via a random function.
  • the phase shift may be based on individual characteristics of the LED lighting device, such as the LED lighting device. MAC ID or the like can be created.
  • the phase offset may take any value or be an integer multiple of the period of the voltage frequency.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a method for operating the LED lighting device as described above. It is envisaged that the controller selectively activates and deactivates the color groups so that a mixed color is generated, wherein the color groups within a color time window are driven to activate one after the other to produce the mixed color during the color time window. It is envisaged that the color time window constantly repeats with constantly selected mixed color.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a schematic block diagram an LED lighting device 1 as a first embodiment of the invention, which can be arranged or arranged in an aircraft as passenger compartment lighting.
  • the LED lighting device 1 is formed, for example, as a surface light or as indirect lighting for illuminating a ceiling of the passenger compartment in the aircraft.
  • the aircraft provides an AC power supply 2 with an AC voltage.
  • the effective voltage of the AC voltage is for example 115 volts
  • the frequency of the AC power supply 2 is between 150 hertz and 400 hertz. Both the effective voltage and the frequency of the AC voltage can fluctuate greatly during operation.
  • an optional line filter 4 follows, which is designed to filter disturbances which could be fed back into the AC power supply 2.
  • the mains filter 4 is followed by a rectifier 5, which is designed to convert the applied AC voltage or the filtered AC voltage into a rectified AC voltage as a supply voltage.
  • the rectifier 5 is designed, for example, as a bridge rectifier.
  • the supply voltage is designed as a rectified AC voltage, in particular as a pulsating DC voltage, with time-sequential half-waves.
  • the supply voltage is by a juxtaposition of sine half waves with twice the frequency of the AC voltage AC power supply 2 is formed. The repetition frequency of the half-waves of the supply voltage defines a voltage frequency.
  • the supply voltage or the corresponding supply current provided by the rectifier 5 is subsequently forwarded to a current sink device 6 - also called electronic load.
  • the current sink device 6 is designed to remove regulated or controlled current and thus power by conversion into heat from the circuit.
  • an LED voltage and an LED current are forwarded to a color mixing unit 7.
  • the LED lighting device 1 additionally comprises a control device 8 which, as shown here, can be designed in one part or alternatively in several parts and which is designed at least to control the color mixing unit 7 and the current sink device 6.
  • the control device 8 can be realized for example as a programmable microcontroller.
  • the control device 8 receives the supply voltage or the AC voltage or an equivalent or synchronized signal.
  • the color mixing unit 7 can be controlled by the control device 8 in order to be able to be adapted to different amplitudes of the supply voltage and to be able to produce different mixed colors on the other hand.
  • the color mixing unit 7 comprises three color groups 9a, b, c, each of the color groups 9a, b, c having a plurality of LEDs (light emitting diodes), the LEDs of the color groups 9a, b, c differing by the luminous color.
  • the color group 9a has only red (R) LEDs, the color group 9b only green (G) LEDs and the color group 9c only blue (B) LEDs.
  • each of the color groups 9 a, b, c comprises at least three, preferably at least six LEDs of a luminous color.
  • the LED lighting device 1 and in particular the color mixing unit 7 comprises a device 10 for switching the color groups 9a, b, c, wherein the device 10 can be controlled by the control device 8, so that the control device 8 via the device 10th the color groups 9a, b, c can selectively activate and deactivate.
  • the device 10 can - as in the FIG. 1 shown - may be formed as a separate device, but alternatively it may also be integrated into the color groups 9a, b, c. Functionally, it is possible to control the device 10 by the control via the control device 8 such that the color mixing unit 7 generates a mixed color.
  • the color groups 9a, b, c each comprise a switching arrangement 11, which makes it possible to switch the color groups 9a, b, c via the control device 8 into different circuit states in order to be able to react to different amplitudes of the supply voltage.
  • the FIG. 2a shows an example of one of the color groups - in this example, the color group 9a - with a switching arrangement 11 in a highly schematic representation.
  • the color group 9a comprises an input E and an output A or a first and a second pole, via which the color group 9a to the in the FIG. 1 shown power supply is connected.
  • the color group 9a in this example comprises four LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d, each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d having at least one LED.
  • each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d has the same forward voltage - also called forward voltage.
  • the LEDs in the LED sub-groups 12a, b, c, d can - as symbolically in the FIGS. 2a, b, c shown - in each of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d serially (or in series) to be connected to each other.
  • the LEDs in the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d can also be connected in parallel, in series or in parallel and mixed in series with one another.
  • each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d has the same forward voltage.
  • the four LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d are in the in the FIG. 2a shown first circuit state I of the color group 9a arranged electrically parallel to each other, so that the forward voltage of the color group 9a of the forward voltage corresponds to one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.
  • FIG. 2b a second circuit state II is shown, wherein the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d in the color group 9a are connected only partly in series electrically (in series).
  • the LED subgroups 12a, b are arranged parallel to each other and in the second group, the LED subgroups 12c, d are also arranged parallel to each other, but the two groups are arranged serially to each other.
  • the forward voltage of the color group 9a now corresponds to twice the forward voltage of one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.
  • FIG. 2c a third circuit state III is shown, wherein now all four LED sub-groups 12a, b, c, d are arranged to each other electrically in series (in series).
  • the forward voltage of the color group 9a now corresponds to four times the forward voltage of one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.
  • the circuit arrangement 11 is designed to switch the color group 9a into the different circuit states I, II, III.
  • a corresponding circuit 11 for this type of switching can be realized for example with the aid of diodes and transistors.
  • the manner of switching to various circuit states is not limited to the example described, but may be achieved by other circuit arrangements, such as the LED lighting devices mentioned in the introduction. It is also possible for the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d to be deactivated in the circuit states.
  • the other color groups 9b, c may likewise have circuit arrangements 11, so that these color groups 9b, c can also be brought into different circuit states with different forward voltages.
  • the selection of the circuit states is carried out by the control device 8. It is particularly possible that the device 10 is integrated in the switching assemblies 11.
  • FIG. 3 are highly schematic half-waves H1, H2, H3 of the supply voltage 13 plotted over time t, wherein it is shown that the circuit states I, II - initially considered independently of a luminous color - are always chosen so that the forward voltage is smaller than an instantaneous value of Supply voltage 11.
  • the color mixing unit 7 is always set to the circuit state having the maximum forward voltage to minimize power loss.
  • the LED current and, as a result, the supply current and ultimately the mains current would lead to a line current profile due to the switching processes in the color mixing unit 7, which is characterized by inhomogeneities and spikes.
  • the control device 8 controls the control device 8, the current sink device 6 so that the supply current and thus the mains current is synchronous to the supply voltage or synchronous to the AC voltage or to the mains voltage.
  • the current sink device 6 is driven to convert power and thus power into heat in order to keep the power factor high.
  • FIG. 3 is shown schematically that the switching state I is taken until the supply voltage 13 has reached a value above the forward voltage of the switching state II. Then the color mixing unit becomes 7 switched so that the circuit state II is used. It would also be possible to activate a third circuit state III. After the maximum of the half-wave, the supply voltage 13 decreases, as soon as it falls below the forward voltage of the switching state II, the color mixing unit 7 is converted to the circuit state I. It can also be seen that as soon as the instantaneous value of the supply voltage 13 is below the forward voltage of the circuit state I, the color mixing unit 7 is completely deactivated - for example by a short-circuit device - since the instantaneous value of the supply voltage 13 is no longer sufficient. In these phases, the supply current in the current sink device 6 is converted into heat, so that the power factor remains high. The supply current 14 thus always runs synchronously with the supply voltage 13.
  • temporal multiplexing is implemented, wherein the color groups 9a, b, c are activated serially in succession and exclusively alternatively and / or alternately activated or deactivated. In particular, in each case only a single color group 9a, b or c is active.
  • the LED lighting device 1 comprises a control device 15, which allows the selection of a mixed color for the color mixing unit 7.
  • the mixed color is produced by activating the color groups 9a, b, c one after the other within a color time window F so that the light perceived by a user represents a mixed color.
  • the proportions of the activation times of the color groups 9a, b, c within the color time window F can be set by the control device 15. So is in the in the FIG. 3 In the example shown, first the color group 9c in the first half-wave H1, subsequently the color group 9a is activated from the first half-wave H1 to the third half-wave H3 and the color group 9b is activated at the end of the third half-wave H3.
  • the color groups 9a, b, c that is to say all the color groups 9a, b, c of the LED illumination device 1 are activated one after the other during the color time window F, which comprises at least one half-wave, in this example three half waves H1, H2, H3.
  • FIGS. 4a, b, c different mixed colors M1, M2, M3 are shown, wherein the mixed colors M1, M2, M3 are realized by different time portions of the color groups 9a, b, c within the color time window F.
  • the circular representation that takes Color time window 360 ° and the half-waves H1, H2, H3 each 120 °.
  • an increase in the proportion of green is achieved by an extension of the activation time of the color group 9b and a reduction of the red ratio by a shortening of the activation time of the color group 9a.
  • the switching operations U are set so that only one switching operation U per half-wave H is implemented in order to keep switching time losses low. This allows the color time window F to be shifted by one phase angle with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3, as shown in FIG Figure 4c opposite the FIG. 4b is indicated in order to shift the switching operations U relative to the half-waves H1, H2, H3 in time.
  • the color time window F has a first phase angle with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3 and thus with respect to the voltage period SP defined by the three half-waves H1, H2, H3, which in this case is 0 °, so that the color time window F and the three half-waves H1, H2, H3 have no phase shift.
  • the color time window F and the half-waves H1, H2, H3 have a different phase angle from 0 °.
  • Such a phase shift is achieved by corresponding change in the duration of the color-time window F with respect to the duration of the half-waves H1, H2, H3 or with respect to the duration of the voltage period SP.
  • the phase angle between the color time window F remains constant with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3. This means that before and after such a transition, the duration of the color time window F corresponds to the duration of the voltage period SP.
  • the phase angle between the color time window F and the voltage period SP is again constant, but in contrast to that in FIG Fig. 4b illustrated state not equal to zero.
  • the one color time window F forms a color period FP and the three half-waves form a voltage period SP, wherein the color period FP and the voltage period SP have the same length, in which FIG. 3 shifted by a phase angle 0 °, but can also be arranged offset in time by a phase angle not equal to 0 ° to each other, as for example in Fig. 4b is shown.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit Farbmischung, welche die Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to an LED lighting device with color mixing, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for operating the LED lighting device.

LED-Beleuchtungen haben gegenüber thermischen Leuchtquellen den Vorteil, dass diese sehr klein und zugleich in unterschiedlichen Farben kommerziell erhältlich sind, sodass es kostengünstig und zugleich bauraumsparend möglich ist, farbige Beleuchtungen zu erzeugen. Ein Anwendungsgebiet von farbigen Beleuchtungen ist die Innenraumbeleuchtung, wie zum Beispiel bei einem Flugzeug. Hier kann durch eine farbige Beleuchtung eine Ambiente-Beleuchtung umgesetzt werden, wobei zum Beispiel in Abhängigkeit der Tageszeit unterschiedliche Beleuchtungsfarben gewählt werden können.LED lightings have the advantage over thermal light sources that they are very small and at the same time commercially available in different colors, so that it is cost-effective and at the same time space-saving possible to produce colored lighting. One application of colored lighting is interior lighting, such as in an airplane. Here can be implemented by a colored lighting ambient lighting, for example, depending on the time of day different lighting colors can be selected.

Insbesondere bei Flugzeugen stehen von Seiten des Bordnetzes Wechselspannungsversorgungen bereit. Da auf der einen Seite ein Betrieb von LEDs mit Wechselspannung nicht möglich ist und auf der anderen Seite übliche Schaltnetzteile einen hohen apparativen Aufwand haben, werden in den Patentanmeldungen DE 10 2012 006 315 A1 , DE 10 2012 006 316 A1 , DE 10 2012 006 341 A1 beziehungsweise DE 10 2012 006 343 A1 LED-Anordnungen beschrieben, welche jeweils eine Mehrzahl von LEDs aufweisen, wobei die LEDs miteinander flexibel verschaltet werden können, sodass die LEDs in ihrer Gesamtheit unterschiedliche Durchlassspannungen realisieren können. Diesen LED-Anordnungen wird eine gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung als Versorgungsspannung zugeführt, wobei eine Steuereinrichtung dafür sorgt, dass die LED-Anordnung einen Schaltungszustand annimmt, der einem aktuellen Spannungswert der Versorgungsspannung entspricht. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die LED-Anordnung mit einer Gleichrichterschaltung, jedoch ohne ein Schaltnetzteil, an einer Wechselspannungsversorgung zu betreiben. In den Anmeldungen ist auch erwähnt, dass die LEDs unterschiedliche Farben aufweisen können. Die Patentanmeldung US 2010/0090607 A1 offenbart eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit Farbmischung.In particular, for aircraft are on the part of the electrical system AC power supplies ready. Since on the one hand operation of LEDs with AC voltage is not possible and on the other hand conventional switching power supplies have a high expenditure on equipment, are in the patent applications DE 10 2012 006 315 A1 . DE 10 2012 006 316 A1 . DE 10 2012 006 341 A1 respectively DE 10 2012 006 343 A1 LED arrangements described which each have a plurality of LEDs, wherein the LEDs can be flexibly interconnected with each other, so that the LEDs in their entirety can realize different forward voltages. A rectified AC voltage is supplied as a supply voltage to these LED arrays, wherein a control device ensures that the LED array assumes a circuit state which corresponds to a current voltage value of the supply voltage. In this way, it is possible to operate the LED array with a rectifier circuit, but without a switching power supply, to an AC power supply. It is also mentioned in the applications that the LEDs can have different colors. The patent application US 2010/0090607 A1 discloses an LED lighting device with color mixing.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit einer Farbmischungsfunktionalität auszustatten, welche sich durch eine hohe Effizienz und zugleich eine geringe Anzahl von Bauteilen auszeichnet. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 15 gelöst. Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.It is an object of the present invention to provide an LED lighting device with a color mixing functionality, which is characterized by high efficiency and at the same time a small number of components. This object is achieved by an LED lighting device having the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 15. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying drawings.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung vorgeschlagen, welche zur Beleuchtung eines Innenraums geeignet und/oder ausgebildet ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung zur Beleuchtung eines Passagierraums eines Flugzeugs ausgebildet. Optional bildet ein Flugzeug mit einer oder mehrerer derartiger LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen einen weiteren Gegenstand der Erfindung.In the context of the invention, an LED lighting device is proposed, which is suitable and / or designed for illuminating an interior. Particularly preferably, the LED lighting device is designed to illuminate a passenger compartment of an aircraft. Optionally, an aircraft with one or more such LED lighting devices forms a further subject of the invention.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Farbmischeinheit, wobei die Farbmischeinheit mindestens eine erste und eine zweite Farbgruppe von LEDs aufweist. Unter LEDs werden lichtemittierende Dioden verstanden. Die Farbmischeinheit ist bevorzugt als eine funktionale Einheit ausgebildet, wobei die LEDs der mindestens zwei Farbgruppen auf einer Fläche vorzugsweise beliebig verteilt angeordnet sind. Die LEDs der Farbgruppen unterscheiden sich farbgruppenabhängig durch deren Leuchtfarbe. So kann eine Farbgruppe ausschließlich grüne LEDs, eine andere Farbgruppe ausschließlich rote LEDs, eine andere Farbgruppe ausschließlich blaue LEDs aufweisen. Bevorzugt weist jede der Farbgruppen ausschließlich LEDs einer Leuchtfarbe auf. Weitere Leuchtfarben, wie zum Beispiel Orangefarben oder Weiß sind ebenfalls möglich. In jeder Farbgruppe sind vorzugsweise mindestens fünf, insbesondere mindestens zehn LEDs angeordnet.The LED lighting device comprises a color mixing unit, wherein the color mixing unit has at least a first and a second color group of LEDs. LEDs are understood to be light-emitting diodes. The color mixing unit is preferably formed as a functional unit, wherein the LEDs of the at least two color groups are preferably arranged distributed arbitrarily on a surface. The LEDs of the color groups differ depending on the color group by their luminous color. For example, one color group can only have green LEDs, another color group can only have red LEDs, another color group can only have blue LEDs. Preferably, each of the color groups exclusively comprises LEDs of a luminous color. Other fluorescent colors, such as orange or white are also possible. In each color group preferably at least five, in particular at least ten LEDs are arranged.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung weist eine Spannungsversorgung auf, welche zur Versorgung der Farbmischeinheit mit einer Versorgungsspannung ausgebildet ist. Die Versorgungsspannung weist die Form einer gleichgerichteten Wechselspannung auf. Besonders bevorzugt ist die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für eine Wechselspannungsversorgung ausgebildet. Bei der Wechselspannungsversorgung kann es sich beispielsweise um ein öffentliches Stromnetz mit einer effektiven Netzspannung von 230 Volt und einer Netzfrequenz von 50 Hertz handeln. Besonders bevorzugt weist die Wechselspannungsversorgung eine Effektivspannung zwischen 100 und 150 Volt, insbesondere 115 Volt, und eine Netzfrequenz zwischen 100 Hertz und 800 Hertz, insbesondere zwischen 150 Hertz und 400 Hertz auf. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Wechselspannungsversorgung in dem Flugzeug bereitgestellt. Die Spannungsversorgung kann eine Gleichrichtereinrichtung umfassen, welche die Wechselspannung der Wechselspannungsversorgung in die gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung als Versorgungsspannung mit einem Versorgungsstrom gleichrichtet. Bei der Gleichrichtereinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Brückenschaltung handeln. Die Wechselspannung ist besonders bevorzugt als eine Sinusspannung ausgebildet, bei alternativen Ausführungsformen kann es sich auch um eine verzerrte Sinusspannung oder um eine andere alternierende Wechselspannung handeln. Die Versorgungsspannung als gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung ist insbesondere mit regelmäßig wiederholenden, vorzugsweise sinusförmigen Halbwellen ausgebildet. Die Wiederholfrequenz der Halbwellen der Versorgungsspannung definiert eine Spannungsfrequenz. Insbesondere ist die Spannungsfrequenz der Versorgungsspannung doppelt so hoch wie die Frequenz der Wechselspannung der Wechselspannungsversorgung, da diese durch ein "Umklappen" der negativen Halbwellen erzeugt wird.The LED lighting device has a power supply, which is designed to supply the color mixing unit with a supply voltage. The supply voltage has the form of a rectified AC voltage. Particularly preferably, the LED lighting device is designed for an AC voltage supply. The AC power supply can be, for example, a public power grid with an effective mains voltage of 230 volts and a grid frequency of 50 hertz. Particularly preferably, the AC voltage supply has an effective voltage between 100 and 150 volts, in particular 115 volts, and a mains frequency between 100 hertz and 800 hertz, in particular between 150 hertz and 400 hertz. Particularly preferably, the AC power supply is provided in the aircraft. The power supply may comprise a rectifier device, which the AC voltage of the AC power supply in the rectified AC voltage as supply voltage rectifies with a supply current. The rectifier device may be, for example, a bridge circuit. The alternating voltage is particularly preferably designed as a sine voltage, in alternative embodiments it may also be a distorted sine voltage or another alternating alternating voltage. The supply voltage as a rectified AC voltage is formed in particular with regularly repeating, preferably sinusoidal half-waves. The repetition frequency of the half-waves of the supply voltage defines a voltage frequency. In particular, the voltage frequency of the supply voltage is twice as high as the frequency of the AC voltage of the AC voltage supply, since this is generated by a "folding" of the negative half-waves.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Steuereinrichtung zur selektiven Aktivierung und Deaktivierung der Farbgruppen, wobei die Farbmischeinheit durch die selektiv aktivierten und deaktivierten Farbgruppen eine Mischfarbe insbesondere für einen menschlichen Nutzer erzeugt. Die Mischfarbe ist besonders bevorzugt als eine stationäre oder quasi stationäre Mischfarbe ausgebildet, wobei ein Wechsel der Mischfarbe mit einer Frequenz kleiner als 10 Hertz, vorzugsweise kleiner als 1 Hertz, erfolgt.The LED lighting device comprises a control device for the selective activation and deactivation of the color groups, wherein the color mixing unit generates a mixed color, in particular for a human user, by means of the selectively activated and deactivated color groups. The mixed color is particularly preferably formed as a stationary or quasi-stationary mixed color, wherein a change of the mixed color with a frequency less than 10 Hertz, preferably less than 1 Hertz occurs.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird ein Farbzeitfenster definiert, welches sich mit einer Farbmischfrequenz wiederholt. Das Farbzeitfenster stellt ein Beschreibungshilfsmittel für das zeitliche Verhalten der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung dar. Die Steuereinrichtung ist ausgebildet, die Farbgruppen derart anzusteuern, dass diese innerhalb des Farbzeitfensters nacheinander aktiviert werden, um die Mischfarbe während des Farbzeitfensters zu erzeugen. Innerhalb eines Farbzeitfensters werden somit die Farbgruppen nacheinander aktiviert, um die Mischfarbe zu erzeugen. Ein Farbzeitfenster beschreibt somit genau einen zeitlichen Durchlauf sämtlicher Farbgruppen der Farbmischeinheit. Mit anderen Worten beginnt ein Farbzeitfenster bei der Aktivierung der ersten Farbgruppe und endet zum Zeitpunkt des Deaktivierens der letzten Farbgruppe. Das Farbzeitfenster beschreibt also genau die Dauer, während der sämtliche Farbgruppen der Farbmischeinheit genau einmal aktiviert waren. Ein oder mehrere Farbzeitfenster definieren eine Farbperiode. Insbesondere umfasst eine Farbperiode genau ein Farbzeitfenster.In the context of the invention, a color time window is defined, which is repeated with a color mixing frequency. The color time window represents a description aid for the temporal behavior of the LED lighting device. The control device is designed to control the color groups in such a way that they are activated one after the other within the color time window in order to produce the mixed color during the color time window. Within a color-time window, the color groups are thus activated one after the other in order to produce the mixed color. A color time window thus describes exactly a temporal passage of all color groups of the color mixing unit. In other words, a color time window starts upon activation of the first color group and ends at the time of deactivating the last color group. The color time window thus describes exactly the duration during which all color groups of the color mixing unit were activated exactly once. One or more color time windows define a color period. In particular, a color period comprises exactly one color time window.

Es ist dabei eine Überlegung der Erfindung, dass eine Mischfarbe insbesondere für den menschlichen Beobachter dadurch erzeugt werden kann, dass zugleich LEDs mit unterschiedlichen Leuchtfarben aktiviert werden. Es ist jedoch alternativ und hier erfindungsgemäß möglich, LEDs unterschiedlicher Farbgruppen abwechselnd schnell hintereinander zu aktivieren und zu deaktivieren, um auf diese Weise insbesondere für den menschlichen Beobachter die Mischfarbe zu erzeugen, obwohl - zeitlich aufgelöst - unterschiedliche Leuchtfarben nacheinander angezeigt werden und/oder die unterschiedlichen Leuchtfarben nacheinander, zeitversetzt und insbesondere überlappungsfrei ausgestrahlt werden. Die Mischfarbe wird somit durch ein zeitliches Multiplexen der unterschiedlichen Leuchtfarben erzeugt. Die Erzeugung der Mischfarbe beruht darauf, dass insbesondere der menschliche Beobachter nicht in der Lage ist, Änderungen mit einer Frequenz z.B. größer als 30 Hertz oder 50 Hertz aufzulösen, stattdessen werden die unterschiedlichen Leuchtfarben optisch akkumuliert und integriert.It is a consideration of the invention that a mixed color can be generated in particular for the human observer, that at the same time LEDs with different luminous colors are activated. However, it is alternatively and here according to the invention possible to alternately activate and deactivate LEDs of different color groups in rapid succession, in this way in particular for the human observer to produce the mixed color, although - temporally resolved - different luminous colors are displayed one after the other and / or the different Luminescent colors are emitted in succession, with a time delay and in particular without overlapping. The mixed color is thus generated by temporal multiplexing of the different luminous colors. The generation of the mixed color is based on the fact that, in particular, the human observer is not able to resolve changes with a frequency, for example greater than 30 hertz or 50 hertz, instead the different luminous colors are optically accumulated and integrated.

Durch das zeitliche Multiplexen der Farbgruppen kann somit eine flexible LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung umgesetzt werden, welche zum einen einen Farbmischbetrieb ermöglicht und zum anderen aufgrund der Versorgungsspannung mit gleichgerichteter Wechselspannung nur wenige Komponenten benötigt.By temporally multiplexing the color groups, a flexible LED lighting device can thus be implemented, which on the one hand enables a color mixing operation and on the other hand requires only a few components due to the supply voltage with rectified AC voltage.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, die Farbmischeinheit so anzusteuern, dass jeweils zeitgleich oder gleichzeitig maximal nur genau eine Farbgruppe aktiviert ist. Diese Ausgestaltung unterstreicht nochmals die erfinderische Idee, die Farbgruppen nacheinander und in dieser Ausgestaltung bevorzugt ausschließlich alternativ zu aktivieren, um die Mischfarbe während des Farbzeitfensters zu erzeugen.In a preferred embodiment, the control device is designed to control the color mixing unit so that at the same time or at the same time only a maximum of one color group is activated. This refinement again underscores the inventive idea of activating the color groups one after the other and in this refinement preferably exclusively in order to produce the mixed color during the color-time window.

Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass bei einer Mischfarbe, welche aus mindestens zwei Farbgruppen in dem Farbzeitfenster dargestellt werden soll während eines Farbzeitfensters mindestens oder genau ein Umschaltvorgang zwischen den Farbgruppen erfolgt. Besonders bevorzugt entspricht die Anzahl der Umschaltvorgänge für eine Mischfarbe, die aus Leuchtfarben aller Farbgruppen dargestellt ist, der Anzahl der Farbgruppen minus 1, um die Umschaltvorgänge minimal zu halten. Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform erfolgt höchstens ein, also genau ein oder kein Umschaltvorgang in einer Halbwelle.In a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that, in the case of a mixed color, which is to be represented from at least two color groups in the color time window, at least or exactly one switching process takes place between the color groups during a color time window. More preferably, the number of switching operations for a mixed color represented by luminous colors of all color groups corresponds to the number of color groups minus 1 to minimize the switching operations. In another embodiment, at most one, so exactly one or no switching in a half-wave takes place.

Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass die Farbmischfrequenz größer als 30 Hertz, vorzugsweise größer als 50 Hertz, ausgebildet ist, um ein Flackern, insbesondere ein Farbflackern, beim menschlichen Beobachter zu vermeiden.It is particularly preferred for the color mixing frequency to be greater than 30 hertz, preferably greater than 50 hertz, in order to avoid flicker, in particular color flicker, in the human observer.

Bei einer ersten möglichen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Farbmischfrequenz der Spannungsfrequenz entspricht und/oder dass das Farbzeitfenster zeitlich gleich lang wie eine der Halbwellen ausgebildet ist. Diese Ausgestaltung ist besonders einfach zu realisieren, da bei der Planung der Umschaltvorgänge nur eine einzige Halbwelle berücksichtigt werden muss, welche sich dann mit der Farbmischfrequenz und/oder der Spannungsfrequenz wiederholt.In a first possible embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the color mixing frequency corresponds to the voltage frequency and / or that the color time window is designed to be the same time as one of the half-waves. This embodiment is particularly easy to implement, since in the planning of the switching operations only a single half-wave must be considered, which then repeats with the color mixing frequency and / or the voltage frequency.

Optional kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Halbwellen und die Farbzeitfenster zeitlich synchronisiert, jedoch um einen insbesondere festen und/oder konstanten Phasenwinkel zueinander zeitlich versetzt angeordnet sind. So ist es nicht notwendig, dass die Mischfarbe innerhalb einer Halbwelle erzeugt wird, es ist dagegen möglich, dass die Mischfarbe durch die zweite Hälfte einer ersten Halbwelle und durch die erste Hälfte einer nachfolgenden zweiten Halbwelle realisiert wird. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, dass zum Beispiel Umschaltvorgänge in Minima der Versorgungsspannung gelegt werden, welche zwischen den Halbwellen angeordnet sind, so dass die Umschaltvorgänge zumindest zum Teil im spannungslosen Zustand der Farbmischeinheit erfolgen können.Optionally, it can be provided that the half-waves and the color time windows are synchronized in terms of time, but are arranged offset in time relative to one another by a particular fixed and / or constant phase angle. So it is not necessary that the mixed color is generated within a half-wave, it is possible, however, that the mixed color is realized by the second half of a first half-wave and by the first half of a subsequent second half-wave. In this way, it is possible that, for example, switching operations are set in minima of the supply voltage, which are arranged between the half-waves, so that the switching operations can take place at least partially in the de-energized state of the color mixing unit.

Unter der Berücksichtigung der Vorteile eines geschickt gewählten Phasenwinkels ist es bevorzugt, dass der Phasenwinkel in Abhängigkeit der Mischfarbe gewählt ist. So können unterschiedliche Strategien zur zeitlichen Positionierung der Umschaltvorgänge durch die freie Wahl des Phasenwinkels und/oder die mischfarbenabhängige Wahl des Phasenwinkels umgesetzt werden. Eine erste mögliche Strategie ist, die Anzahl der Umschaltvorgänge in den Spannungsminima der Versorgungsspannung zu maximieren. Eine zweite mögliche Strategie ist es, die Umschaltvorgänge in spannungsniedrige Bereiche der Halbwellen zu legen, da eine zufällige zeitliche Verschiebung bzw. ein zeitlicher Jitter aufgrund der geringen, abgegebenen Leistung in den spannungsniedrigen Bereichen nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die Mischfarbe hat.Taking into account the advantages of a cleverly chosen phase angle, it is preferred that the phase angle is selected as a function of the mixed color. Thus, different strategies for temporal positioning of the switching operations by the free choice of the phase angle and / or the mixed-color-dependent choice of the phase angle can be implemented. A first possible strategy is to maximize the number of switching operations in the voltage minima of the supply voltage. A second possible strategy is to place the switching operations in voltage-low ranges of the half-waves, since a random time shift or a jitter due to the low power output in the low-voltage areas has only a small influence on the mixed color.

Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Farbmischfrequenz kleiner als die Spannungsfrequenz ausgebildet ist, insbesondere ist die Spannungsfrequenz ein ganzzahlig Vielfaches der Farbmischfrequenz, oder - alternativ ausgedrückt - dass das Farbzeitfenster zeitlich länger als eine der Halbwellen ausgebildet ist. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Mischfarbe durch Farbanteile der Farbgruppe erzeugt, welche sich über mehr als eine aufeinanderfolgende Halbwellen verteilen. Auf diese Weise wird die gedankliche Bindung der identischen Länge von Halbwelle und Farbzeitfenster aufgegeben. In dieser Ausgestaltung kann auf das Spannungsfeld besser eingegangen werden, was zum einen darin besteht, die Umschaltvorgänge und/oder die Farbmischfrequenz so schnell beziehungsweise hoch zu halten, dass der menschliche Beobachter kein Farbflackern erkennt und zugleich die Umschaltvorgänge mit einer möglichst geringen Frequenz umzusetzen, da die Umschaltvorgänge zum einen Instabilitäten und zum anderen geringe Dunkelphasen bedeuten können.In another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the color mixing frequency is formed smaller than the voltage frequency, in particular the voltage frequency is an integer multiple of the color mixing frequency, or - alternatively expressed - that the color time window is formed in time longer than one of the half-waves. In this embodiment of the invention, the mixed color is generated by color components of the color group, which are distributed over more than one consecutive half-waves. In this way, the mental bond of the identical length of half wave and color time window is abandoned. In this embodiment, the voltage field can be better addressed, which is the one, the switching operations and / or the color mixing frequency so fast or to hold high that the human observer does not recognize color flickering and at the same time implement the switching operations with a frequency as low as possible, since the switching operations on the one hand can mean instabilities and on the other hand small dark phases.

Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass ein Quotient zwischen der Spannungsfrequenz und der Farbmischfrequenz und/oder zwischen der zeitlichen Länge des Farbzeitfensters und der zeitlichen Länge der Halbwelle als eine rationale Zahl ausgebildet ist. Somit können Verhältnisse wie zum Beispiel 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 etc. umgesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Wert der Spannungsfrequenz ein ganzzeiliges Vielfaches des Wertes der Farbmischfrequenz und/oder die Länge des Farbzeitfensters ein ganzzeiliges Vielfaches der zeitlichen Länge der Halbwelle.It is particularly preferred that a quotient between the voltage frequency and the color mixing frequency and / or between the time length of the color time window and the time length of the half-wave is formed as a rational number. Thus, ratios such as 2: 1, 3: 1, 3: 2, 4: 1, 4: 2, 4: 3, etc. can be implemented. Particularly preferably, the value of the voltage frequency is an integer multiple of the value of the color mixing frequency and / or the length of the color time window is an integral multiple of the time length of the half-wave.

Allgemeiner ausgedrückt ist es bevorzugt, dass einer Anzahl von X aufeinanderfolgenden Farbzeitfenstern eine Anzahl von Y aufeinanderfolgenden Halbwellen zugeordnet sind. Die X Farbzeitfenster definieren dabei eine Farbperiode, die Y Halbwellen eine Spannungsperiode, wobei die Farbperiode und die Spannungsperiode gleich lang ausgebildet sind. Es ist jedoch möglich, dass Farbperiode und Spannungsperiode zueinander um einen festen und/oder konstanten Phasenwinkel zueinander zeitlich versetzt angeordnet sind.More generally, it is preferable that a number of Y consecutive color time windows are assigned a number of Y consecutive half-waves. The X color time windows thereby define a color period, the Y half-waves a voltage period, wherein the color period and the voltage period have the same length. However, it is possible for the color period and the voltage period to be arranged offset from one another at a fixed and / or constant phase angle with respect to one another.

Aber auch in dieser Konstellation ist es möglich, dass der Phasenwinkel abhängig von der Mischfarbe ist. So ist es besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Anzahl der Farbgruppen, die Anzahl der Farbzeitfenster innerhalb der Farbperiode und die Anzahl der Halbwellen innerhalb der Spannungsperiode so gewählt sind, dass pro Halbwelle nur ein Umschaltvorgang benötigt wird, um die Mischfarbe zu erzeugen. Beispielsweise weist die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung drei unterschiedliche Farbgruppen auf, wobei sich das Farbzeitfenster über drei Halbwellen erstreckt. Bei einer angepassten Auswahl des Phasenwinkels kann erreicht werden, dass in jeder Halbwelle nur ein Umschaltvorgang benötigt wird, um jede beliebige Mischfarbe aus den drei Farben zu erreichen. Optional ergänzend kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Phasenwinkel so gewählt wird, dass die Umschaltvorgänge zu Beginn einer Halbwelle, zum Beispiel innerhalb der ersten 30 Prozent der zeitlichen Länge einer Halbwelle, gelagert sind, da die Spannung in diesem Zeitabschnitt sehr klein ist und dadurch etwaige zeitliche Verschiebungen im Umschaltvorgang nicht deutlich bei der Mischfarbe erkennbar sind.But even in this constellation, it is possible that the phase angle is dependent on the mixed color. Thus, it is particularly preferred that the number of color groups, the number of color time windows within the color period and the number of halfwaves within the voltage period are selected so that only one switching operation is required per half-wave to produce the mixed color. For example, the LED lighting device has three different color groups, with the color time window extending over three half-waves. With an adapted selection of the phase angle, it can be achieved that only one switching operation is required in each half-wave in order to achieve any mixing color of the three colors. Optionally, it can additionally be provided that the phase angle is selected so that the switching operations are stored at the beginning of a half-wave, for example within the first 30 percent of the time length of a half-wave, since the voltage in this period of time is very small and thus any temporal Shifts in the switching process are not clearly visible in the mixed color.

Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt eine Veränderung des Phasenwinkels zwischen Farbperiode und Spannungsperiode bzw. zwischen Farbzeitfenster und Halbwelle im zeitlichen Verlauf. Während einer ersten Farbperiode bzw. während eines ersten Farbzeitfensters weisen Farbperiode und Spannungsperiode bzw. Farbzeitfenster und Halbwelle einen ersten Phasenwinkel auf. Während einer darauffolgenden zweiten Farbperiode weisen Farbperiode und Spannungsperiode bzw. Farbzeitfenster und Halbwelle einen davon abweichenden zweiten Phasenwinkel auf. Der zweite Phasenwinkel kann kleiner oder größer als der erste Phasenwinkel sein. Erreicht wird eine derartige Phasenverschiebung durch entsprechende Verkleinerung oder Vergrößerung der Dauer der Farbperiode bzw. des Farbzeitfensters gegenüber der Dauer der Spannungsperiode bzw. der Halbwelle. Da die Dauer der Halbwelle bzw. der Spannungsperiode üblicherweise durch das Spannungsnetz fest vorgegeben sind, erfolgt eine Phasenverschiebung durch Veränderung, also Verkleinerung oder Vergrößerung der Dauer des Farbzeitfensters.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a change in the phase angle between the color period and voltage period or between color time window and half-wave in the time course. During a first color period or during a first color time window, color period and voltage period or color time window and half-wave have a first phase angle. During a subsequent second color period, color period and voltage period or color time window and half-wave have a different second phase angle. The second phase angle may be smaller or larger than the first phase angle. Such a phase shift is achieved by corresponding reduction or enlargement of the duration of the color period or of the color-time window compared to the duration of the voltage period or the half-wave. Since the duration of the half-wave or the voltage period are usually fixed by the voltage network, there is a phase shift by changing, so reducing or increasing the duration of the color time window.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung eine Schaltanordnung, wobei die Schaltanordnung ausgebildet ist, die LEDs einer Farbgruppe in mindestens zwei Schaltzustände zu versetzen, wobei sich die Schaltzustände durch die Durchlassspannung (ungleich 0V) der Farbgruppe unterscheiden. Die unterschiedlichen Durchlassspannungen der Schaltzustände werden erreicht, indem die LEDs in Abhängigkeit des Schaltzustandes in Serie beziehungsweise in Reihe oder parallel zueinander geschaltet werden, um die Durchlassspannung zu ändern. Schaltet man beispielsweise zwei LEDs mit jeweils einer Vorwärtsspannung von 3,4 Volt in Serie, so beträgt die gemeinsame Durchlassspannung 6,4 Volt. Schaltet man diese parallel, so beträgt die Durchlassspannung nur 3,4 Volt. Nach dieser Systematik können die LEDs auch in Teilgruppen - parallel und seriell - geschaltet werden, um die unterschiedlichen Durchlassspannungen zu erreichen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LED lighting device comprises a switching arrangement, wherein the switching arrangement is designed to put the LEDs of a color group in at least two switching states, wherein the switching states differ by the forward voltage (not equal to 0V) of the color group. The different forward voltages of the switching states are achieved by connecting the LEDs in series or in series or in parallel, depending on the switching state, in order to change the forward voltage. For example, if you switch two LEDs, each with a forward voltage of 3.4 volts in series, the common forward voltage is 6.4 volts. If these are switched in parallel, the forward voltage is only 3.4 volts. According to this system, the LEDs can also be switched in subgroups - parallel and serial - to achieve the different forward voltages.

Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, die Farbgruppen bei einer Aktivierung so anzusteuern, dass ein Schaltungszustand mit einer Durchlassspannung aktiviert ist, wobei die Durchlassspannung kleiner oder gleich zu dem Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung ist. Dies wird insbesondere dadurch erreicht, dass die LED-Leuchteinheit, insbesondere die Schaltanordnung, pro Halbwelle mindestens zwei Mal, vorzugsweise mindestens vier Mal, angesteuert wird, den Schaltzustand und damit die Durchlassspannung zu ändern.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is designed to control the color groups in an activation so that a circuit state is activated with a forward voltage, wherein the forward voltage is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the LED lighting unit, in particular the switching arrangement, is activated at least twice per half-wave, preferably at least four times, in order to change the switching state and thus the forward voltage.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, den Schaltzustand in der Schaltungsanordnung zu aktivieren, der die höchste Durchlassspannung aufweist, welche kleiner oder gleich zu dem Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung ist.Particularly preferably, the control device is designed to activate the switching state in the circuit arrangement, which has the highest forward voltage, which is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage.

Betrachtet man ein Farbzeitfenster, welches mindestens oder genau eine Halbwelle umfasst, so wird zu Beginn der Halbwelle eine Farbgruppe in einem Schaltungszustand mit einer Durchlassspannung aktiviert, welche kleiner ist als der Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung. Im weiteren zeitlichen Verlauf wird entweder - bei steigendem Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung - der Schaltungszustand der Farbgruppe geändert, sodass diese eine höhere Durchlassspannung aufweist oder auf eine andere Farbgruppe umgeschaltet, wobei diese andere Farbgruppe wieder einen Schaltzustand mit einer Durchlassspannung aufweist, welcher an den Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung angepasst ist. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit einer gleichgerichteten Wechselspannung als Versorgungsspannung eine konstante oder eine quasi konstante Mischfarbe ausstrahlen kann.If one considers a color time window which comprises at least or exactly one half wave, then at the beginning of the half wave a color group becomes in a circuit state activated with a forward voltage which is smaller than the instantaneous value of the supply voltage. In the further course of time, either - with increasing instantaneous value of the supply voltage - the circuit state of the color group changed so that this has a higher forward voltage or switched to another color group, this other color group again has a switching state with a forward voltage, which to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage is adjusted. In this way it is achieved that an LED lighting device with a rectified AC voltage as a supply voltage can emit a constant or a quasi-constant mixed color.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung ist insbesondere als eine Lampe ausgebildet. Insbesondere strahlt die Farbmischeinheit ein einheitliches oder flächiges Licht aus.The LED lighting device is designed in particular as a lamp. In particular, the color mixing unit emits a uniform or surface light.

Bei einer möglichen Weiterbildung weist die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung ein Einschaltmodul auf, wobei das Einschaltmodul ausgebildet ist, bei einem Einschalten der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung einen konstanten Phasenversatz zwischen der Spannungsfrequenz und der Farbmischfrequenz zu erzeugen. Der Phasenversatz kann z.B. über eine Zufallsfunktion erzeugt werden. Alternativ kann der Phasenversatz anhand individueller Eigenschaften der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, wie z.B. MAC-ID oder dergleichen erstellt werden. Der Phasenversatz kann einen beliebigen Wert einnehmen oder ein ganzzahlig Vielfaches der der Periode der Spannungsfrequenz sein. Der Vorteil des Einschaltmoduls ist es, dass bei einem parallelen Einschalten von einer Mehrzahl von baugleichen LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen diese gezielt aus der Phase gebracht werden, so dass in einem durch die Mehrzahl der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen beleuchteten Raum eine verbesserte Farbdurchmischung erreicht wird.In one possible development, the LED lighting device has a switch-on module, wherein the switch-on module is designed to generate a constant phase offset between the voltage frequency and the color mixing frequency when the LED lighting device is switched on. The phase offset may be e.g. be generated via a random function. Alternatively, the phase shift may be based on individual characteristics of the LED lighting device, such as the LED lighting device. MAC ID or the like can be created. The phase offset may take any value or be an integer multiple of the period of the voltage frequency. The advantage of the switch-on module is that, when a plurality of identical LED lighting devices are switched on in parallel, they are brought out of phase in a targeted manner, so that improved color mixing is achieved in a space illuminated by the majority of the LED lighting devices.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung wie diese zuvor beschrieben wurde. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung die Farbgruppen selektiv aktiviert und deaktiviert, sodass eine Mischfarbe erzeugt wird, wobei die Farbgruppen innerhalb eines Farbzeitfensters so angesteuert werden, dass diese nacheinander aktiviert werden, um die Mischfarbe während des Farbzeitfensters zu erzeugen. Es ist vorgesehen, dass sich das Farbzeitfenster bei konstant angewählter Mischfarbe ständig wiederholt.Another object of the invention relates to a method for operating the LED lighting device as described above. It is envisaged that the controller selectively activates and deactivates the color groups so that a mixed color is generated, wherein the color groups within a color time window are driven to activate one after the other to produce the mixed color during the color time window. It is envisaged that the color time window constantly repeats with constantly selected mixed color.

Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Wirkungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sowie der beigefügten Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein schematisches Blockdiagramm einer LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
  • Figuren 2a, b, c Farbgruppen aus der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung in der Figur 1 in verschiedenen Schaltzuständen;
  • Figur 3 ein Graph zur Erläuterung der Synchronisation der Aktivierung und Deaktivierung der Farbgruppen in der Figur 1;
  • Figuren 4a, b, c jeweils ein Kreisdiagramm zur Erläuterung der Einstellung einer Mischfarbe.
Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the accompanying figures. Showing:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic block diagram of an LED lighting device as an embodiment of the invention;
  • FIGS. 2a, b, c Color groups from the LED lighting device in the FIG. 1 in different switching states;
  • FIG. 3 a graph illustrating the synchronization of the activation and deactivation of the color groups in the FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 4a, b, c each a pie chart to explain the setting of a mixed color.

Figur 1 zeigt in einem schematischen Blockdiagramm eine LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 als ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, welche in einem Flugzeug als Passagierraumbeleuchtung anordbar oder angeordnet ist. Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 ist z.B. als eine Flächenleuchte oder als eine indirekte Beleuchtung zur Beleuchtung einer Decke des Passagierraums in dem Flugzeug ausgebildet. FIG. 1 shows in a schematic block diagram an LED lighting device 1 as a first embodiment of the invention, which can be arranged or arranged in an aircraft as passenger compartment lighting. The LED lighting device 1 is formed, for example, as a surface light or as indirect lighting for illuminating a ceiling of the passenger compartment in the aircraft.

Das Flugzeug stellt eine Wechselspannungsversorgung 2 mit einer Wechselspannung zur Verfügung. Die effektive Spannung der Wechselspannung ist beispielsweise 115 Volt, die Frequenz der Wechselspannungsversorgung 2 liegt zwischen 150 Hertz und 400 Hertz. Sowohl die effektive Spannung als auch die Frequenz der Wechselspannung können im Betrieb stark schwanken.The aircraft provides an AC power supply 2 with an AC voltage. The effective voltage of the AC voltage is for example 115 volts, the frequency of the AC power supply 2 is between 150 hertz and 400 hertz. Both the effective voltage and the frequency of the AC voltage can fluctuate greatly during operation.

Nach einer Anschlussschnittstelle 3 zur Kopplung der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 mit der Wechselspannungsversorgung 2 folgt optional ein Netzfilter 4, welcher ausgebildet ist, Störungen, welche in die Wechselspannungsversorgung 2 zurückgekoppelt werden könnten, zu filtern.After a connection interface 3 for coupling the LED lighting device 1 to the AC power supply 2, an optional line filter 4 follows, which is designed to filter disturbances which could be fed back into the AC power supply 2.

Dem Netzfilter 4 ist ein Gleichrichter 5 nachgeschaltet, welcher ausgebildet ist, die anliegende Wechselspannung beziehungsweise die gefilterte Wechselspannung in eine gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung als eine Versorgungsspannung umzusetzen. Der Gleichrichter 5 ist beispielsweise als ein Brückengleichrichter ausgebildet. Die Versorgungsspannung ist als eine gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung, insbesondere als eine pulsierende Gleichspannung, mit zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden Halbwellen ausgebildet. Zum Beispiel ist die Versorgungsspannung durch eine Aneinanderreihung von Sinushalbwellen mit der zweifachen Frequenz der Wechselspannung der Wechselspannungsversorgung 2 ausgebildet. Die Wiederholfrequenz der Halbwellen der Versorgungsspannung definiert eine Spannungsfrequenz.The mains filter 4 is followed by a rectifier 5, which is designed to convert the applied AC voltage or the filtered AC voltage into a rectified AC voltage as a supply voltage. The rectifier 5 is designed, for example, as a bridge rectifier. The supply voltage is designed as a rectified AC voltage, in particular as a pulsating DC voltage, with time-sequential half-waves. For example, the supply voltage is by a juxtaposition of sine half waves with twice the frequency of the AC voltage AC power supply 2 is formed. The repetition frequency of the half-waves of the supply voltage defines a voltage frequency.

Die von dem Gleichrichter 5 bereitgestellte Versorgungsspannung beziehungsweise der entsprechende Versorgungsstrom wird nachfolgend an eine Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 - auch elektronische Last genannt - weitergeleitet. Die Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 ist ausgebildet, geregelt oder gesteuert Strom und damit Leistung durch Umwandlung in Wärme aus dem Schaltkreis zu entnehmen. Ausgehend von der Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 werden eine LED-Spannung und ein LED-Strom an eine Farbmischeinheit 7 weitergeleitet.The supply voltage or the corresponding supply current provided by the rectifier 5 is subsequently forwarded to a current sink device 6 - also called electronic load. The current sink device 6 is designed to remove regulated or controlled current and thus power by conversion into heat from the circuit. Starting from the current sink device 6, an LED voltage and an LED current are forwarded to a color mixing unit 7.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 umfasst zudem eine Steuereinrichtung 8, welche wie hier gezeigt einteilig oder alternativ mehrteilig ausgebildet sein kann und welche mindestens zur Ansteuerung der Farbmischeinheit 7 und der Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 ausgebildet ist. Die Steuereinrichtung 8 kann zum Beispiel als ein programmierbarer Mikrocontroller realisiert sein.The LED lighting device 1 additionally comprises a control device 8 which, as shown here, can be designed in one part or alternatively in several parts and which is designed at least to control the color mixing unit 7 and the current sink device 6. The control device 8 can be realized for example as a programmable microcontroller.

Als ein Eingangssignal erhält die Steuereinrichtung 8 die Versorgungsspannung oder die Wechselspannung oder ein dazu äquivalentes oder synchronisiertes Signal. Die Farbmischeinheit 7 kann durch die Steuereinrichtung 8 kontrolliert werden, um zum einen auf unterschiedliche Amplituden der Versorgungsspannung angepasst werden zu können und zum anderen unterschiedliche Mischfarben erzeugen zu können.As an input signal, the control device 8 receives the supply voltage or the AC voltage or an equivalent or synchronized signal. The color mixing unit 7 can be controlled by the control device 8 in order to be able to be adapted to different amplitudes of the supply voltage and to be able to produce different mixed colors on the other hand.

Die Farbmischeinheit 7 umfasst drei Farbgruppen 9a, b, c, wobei jede der Farbgruppen 9 a, b, c eine Mehrzahl von LEDs (light emitting diodes) aufweisen, wobei sich die LEDs der Farbgruppen 9 a, b, c durch die Leuchtfarbe unterscheiden. Beispielsweise weist die Farbgruppe 9a nur rote (R) LEDs, die Farbgruppe 9b nur grüne (G) LEDs und die Farbgruppe 9c nur blaue (B) LEDs auf. Beispielsweise umfasst jede der Farbgruppen 9 a, b, c mindestens drei, vorzugsweise mindestens sechs LEDs einer Leuchtfarbe.The color mixing unit 7 comprises three color groups 9a, b, c, each of the color groups 9a, b, c having a plurality of LEDs (light emitting diodes), the LEDs of the color groups 9a, b, c differing by the luminous color. For example, the color group 9a has only red (R) LEDs, the color group 9b only green (G) LEDs and the color group 9c only blue (B) LEDs. For example, each of the color groups 9 a, b, c comprises at least three, preferably at least six LEDs of a luminous color.

Um eine Mischfarbe zu erzeugen, umfasst die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 und insbesondere die Farbmischeinheit 7 eine Einrichtung 10 zum Umschalten der Farbgruppen 9a, b, c, wobei die Einrichtung 10 durch die Steuereinrichtung 8 angesteuert werden kann, sodass die Steuereinrichtung 8 über die Einrichtung 10 die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c selektiv aktivieren und deaktivieren kann. Die Einrichtung 10 kann - wie in der Figur 1 gezeigt - als eine separate Einrichtung ausgebildet sein, alternativ kann diese jedoch auch in die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c integriert sein. Funktional betrachtet ist es möglich, durch die Ansteuerung über die Steuereinrichtung 8 die Einrichtung 10 derart zu kontrollieren, dass die Farbmischeinheit 7 eine Mischfarbe erzeugt.In order to produce a mixed color, the LED lighting device 1 and in particular the color mixing unit 7 comprises a device 10 for switching the color groups 9a, b, c, wherein the device 10 can be controlled by the control device 8, so that the control device 8 via the device 10th the color groups 9a, b, c can selectively activate and deactivate. The device 10 can - as in the FIG. 1 shown - may be formed as a separate device, but alternatively it may also be integrated into the color groups 9a, b, c. Functionally, it is possible to control the device 10 by the control via the control device 8 such that the color mixing unit 7 generates a mixed color.

Zudem umfassen die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c jeweils eine Schaltanordnung 11, welche es ermöglicht, die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c über die Steuereinrichtung 8 in unterschiedliche Schaltungszustände zu schalten, um auf unterschiedliche Amplituden der Versorgungsspannung reagieren zu können.In addition, the color groups 9a, b, c each comprise a switching arrangement 11, which makes it possible to switch the color groups 9a, b, c via the control device 8 into different circuit states in order to be able to react to different amplitudes of the supply voltage.

Die Figur 2a zeigt beispielhaft eine der Farbgruppen - in diesem Beispiel die Farbgruppe 9a - mit einer Schaltanordnung 11 in einer stark schematisierten Darstellung. Die Farbgruppe 9a, umfasst einen Eingang E und einen Ausgang A beziehungsweise einen ersten und einen zweiten Pol, über welche die Farbgruppe 9a an die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Spannungsversorgung angeschlossen wird.The FIG. 2a shows an example of one of the color groups - in this example, the color group 9a - with a switching arrangement 11 in a highly schematic representation. The color group 9a comprises an input E and an output A or a first and a second pole, via which the color group 9a to the in the FIG. 1 shown power supply is connected.

Die Farbgruppe 9a umfasst in diesem Beispiel vier LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d, wobei jede LED-Teilgruppe 12a, b, c, d mindestens eine LED aufweist. Insbesondere weist jede LED-Teilgruppe 12a, b, c, d die gleiche Durchlassspannung - auch Vorwärtsspannung genannt - auf. Die LEDs in den LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d können - wie symbolisch in den Figuren 2a, b, c dargestellt - in jeder der LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d seriell (beziehungsweise in Reihe) zueinander geschaltet sein. Bei abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispielen können die LEDs in den LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d auch parallel, seriell oder parallel und seriell gemischt zueinander verschaltet sein. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weist jede LED-Teilgruppe 12a, b, c, d die gleiche Durchlassspannung auf. Die vier LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d sind in dem in der Figur 2a gezeigten ersten Schaltungszustand I der Farbgruppe 9a elektrisch parallel zueinander angeordnet, sodass die Durchlassspannung der Farbgruppe 9a der Durchlassspannung einer der LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d entspricht.The color group 9a in this example comprises four LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d, each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d having at least one LED. In particular, each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d has the same forward voltage - also called forward voltage. The LEDs in the LED sub-groups 12a, b, c, d can - as symbolically in the FIGS. 2a, b, c shown - in each of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d serially (or in series) to be connected to each other. In modified embodiments, the LEDs in the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d can also be connected in parallel, in series or in parallel and mixed in series with one another. In this embodiment, each LED subgroup 12a, b, c, d has the same forward voltage. The four LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d are in the in the FIG. 2a shown first circuit state I of the color group 9a arranged electrically parallel to each other, so that the forward voltage of the color group 9a of the forward voltage corresponds to one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.

In der Figur 2b ist ein zweiter Schaltungszustand II dargestellt, wobei die LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d in der Farbgruppe 9a nur zum Teil elektrisch seriell (in Reihe) miteinander verbunden sind. Beispielsweise ist vorgesehen, dass in der ersten Gruppe die LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b zueinander parallel angeordnet sind und in der zweiten Gruppe die LED-Teilgruppen 12c, d ebenfalls parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, jedoch die beiden Gruppen zueinander seriell angeordnet sind. In dem Schaltungszustand II entspricht die Durchlassspannung der Farbgruppe 9a nun der zweifachen Durchlassspannung einer der LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d.In the FIG. 2b a second circuit state II is shown, wherein the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d in the color group 9a are connected only partly in series electrically (in series). For example, it is provided that in the first group, the LED subgroups 12a, b are arranged parallel to each other and in the second group, the LED subgroups 12c, d are also arranged parallel to each other, but the two groups are arranged serially to each other. In the circuit state II, the forward voltage of the color group 9a now corresponds to twice the forward voltage of one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.

In der Figur 2c ist ein dritter Schaltungszustand III dargestellt, wobei nun alle vier LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d zueinander elektrisch seriell (in Reihe) angeordnet sind. Die Durchlassspannung der Farbgruppe 9a entspricht nun der vierfachen Durchlassspannung einer der LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d.In the Figure 2c a third circuit state III is shown, wherein now all four LED sub-groups 12a, b, c, d are arranged to each other electrically in series (in series). The forward voltage of the color group 9a now corresponds to four times the forward voltage of one of the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d.

Die Schaltungsanordnung 11 ist ausgebildet, die Farbgruppe 9a in die unterschiedlichen Schaltungszustände I, II, III zu schalten. Eine entsprechende Schaltungsanordnung 11 für diese Art der Umschaltung lässt sich zum Beispiel mit Hilfe von Dioden und Transistoren realisieren.The circuit arrangement 11 is designed to switch the color group 9a into the different circuit states I, II, III. A corresponding circuit 11 for this type of switching can be realized for example with the aid of diodes and transistors.

Die Art der Umschaltung auf verschiedene Schaltungszustände ist jedoch nicht auf das beschriebene Beispiel begrenzt, sondern kann auch durch andere Schaltungsanordnungen erreicht werden, wie zum Beispiel die in der Einleitung genannten LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen. Es ist auch möglich, dass in den Schaltungszuständen die LED-Teilgruppen 12a, b, c, d deaktiviert werden.However, the manner of switching to various circuit states is not limited to the example described, but may be achieved by other circuit arrangements, such as the LED lighting devices mentioned in the introduction. It is also possible for the LED subgroups 12a, b, c, d to be deactivated in the circuit states.

Die anderen Farbgruppen 9b, c können ebenfalls Schaltungsanordnungen 11 aufweisen, sodass auch diese Farbgruppen 9b, c in unterschiedliche Schaltungszustände mit unterschiedlichen Durchlassspannungen gebracht werden können. Die Auswahl der Schaltungszustände erfolgt durch die Steuereinrichtung 8. Es ist insbesondere möglich, dass die Einrichtung 10 in den Schaltanordnungen 11 integriert ist.The other color groups 9b, c may likewise have circuit arrangements 11, so that these color groups 9b, c can also be brought into different circuit states with different forward voltages. The selection of the circuit states is carried out by the control device 8. It is particularly possible that the device 10 is integrated in the switching assemblies 11.

In der Figur 3 sind stark schematisiert Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 der Versorgungsspannung 13 über die Zeit t aufgetragen, wobei dargestellt ist, dass die Schaltungszustände I, II - zunächst unabhängig von einer Leuchtfarbe betrachtet - stets so gewählt sind, dass die Durchlassspannung kleiner ist als ein Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung 11. Auf der anderen Seite wird die Farbmischeinheit 7 immer auf den Schaltungszustand gesetzt, der die maximale Durchlassspannung hat, um Leistungsverluste zu minimieren.In the FIG. 3 are highly schematic half-waves H1, H2, H3 of the supply voltage 13 plotted over time t, wherein it is shown that the circuit states I, II - initially considered independently of a luminous color - are always chosen so that the forward voltage is smaller than an instantaneous value of Supply voltage 11. On the other hand, the color mixing unit 7 is always set to the circuit state having the maximum forward voltage to minimize power loss.

Ohne weitere Maßnahmen würde der LED-Strom und daraus resultierend der Versorgungsstrom und letztlich der Netzstrom aufgrund der Umschaltvorgänge in der Farbmischeinheit 7 zu einem Netzstromverlauf führen, welcher durch Inhomogenitäten und Zacken geprägt ist. Um jedoch einen hohen Leistungsfaktor von z.B. größer als 0,99 zu erreichen, steuert die Steuereinrichtung 8 die Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 so an, dass der Versorgungsstrom und damit der Netzstrom synchron zu der Versorgungsspannung beziehungsweise synchron zu der Wechselspannung beziehungsweise zu der Netzspannung verläuft. Insbesondere wird im Normalbetrieb die Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 angesteuert, Strom und somit Leistung in Wärme umzuwandeln, um den Leistungsfaktor hoch zu halten.Without further measures, the LED current and, as a result, the supply current and ultimately the mains current would lead to a line current profile due to the switching processes in the color mixing unit 7, which is characterized by inhomogeneities and spikes. However, to achieve a high power factor of e.g. To reach greater than 0.99, controls the control device 8, the current sink device 6 so that the supply current and thus the mains current is synchronous to the supply voltage or synchronous to the AC voltage or to the mains voltage. In particular, in normal operation, the current sink device 6 is driven to convert power and thus power into heat in order to keep the power factor high.

In der Figur 3 ist schematisch dargestellt, dass der Schaltzustand I so lange eingenommen wird, bis die Versorgungsspannung 13 einen Wert oberhalb der Durchlassspannung des Schaltzustandes II erreicht hat. Dann wird die Farbmischeinheit 7 umgeschaltet, sodass der Schaltungszustand II genutzt wird. Es wäre auch möglich, einen dritten Schaltungszustand III zu aktivieren. Nach dem Maximum der Halbwelle sinkt die Versorgungsspannung 13, sobald diese die Durchlassspannung des Schaltzustandes II unterschreitet, wird die Farbmischeinheit 7 auf den Schaltungszustand I umgesetzt. Es ist auch zu erkennen, dass sobald der Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung 13 unter der Durchlassspannung des Schaltungszustandes I liegt, die Farbmischeinheit 7 vollständig deaktiviert wird - beispielsweise durch eine Kurzschlusseinrichtung -, da der Momentanwert der Versorgungsspannung 13 nicht mehr ausreichend ist. In diesen Phasen wird der Versorgungsstrom in der Stromsenkeneinrichtung 6 in Wärme gewandelt, sodass der Leistungsfaktor hoch bleibt. Der Versorgungsstrom 14 läuft somit stets synchron zu der Versorgungsspannung 13.In the FIG. 3 is shown schematically that the switching state I is taken until the supply voltage 13 has reached a value above the forward voltage of the switching state II. Then the color mixing unit becomes 7 switched so that the circuit state II is used. It would also be possible to activate a third circuit state III. After the maximum of the half-wave, the supply voltage 13 decreases, as soon as it falls below the forward voltage of the switching state II, the color mixing unit 7 is converted to the circuit state I. It can also be seen that as soon as the instantaneous value of the supply voltage 13 is below the forward voltage of the circuit state I, the color mixing unit 7 is completely deactivated - for example by a short-circuit device - since the instantaneous value of the supply voltage 13 is no longer sufficient. In these phases, the supply current in the current sink device 6 is converted into heat, so that the power factor remains high. The supply current 14 thus always runs synchronously with the supply voltage 13.

Um eine Mischfarbe mit der Farbmischeinheit 7 zu erzeugen, wird ein zeitliches Multiplexen umgesetzt, wobei die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c seriell nacheinander und ausschließlich alternativ aktiviert und/oder abwechselnd aktiviert beziehungsweise deaktiviert werden. Insbesondere ist jeweils nur eine einzige Farbgruppe 9a, b oder c aktiv.In order to produce a mixed color with the color mixing unit 7, temporal multiplexing is implemented, wherein the color groups 9a, b, c are activated serially in succession and exclusively alternatively and / or alternately activated or deactivated. In particular, in each case only a single color group 9a, b or c is active.

Die LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 umfasst eine Kontrolleinrichtung 15, welche die Anwahl einer Mischfarbe für die Farbmischeinheit 7 ermöglicht. Die Mischfarbe wird dadurch erzeugt, dass innerhalb eines Farbzeitfensters F die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c nacheinander aktiviert werden, sodass das von einem Benutzer wahrgenommene Licht eine Mischfarbe darstellt. Um jede beliebige in dem RGB-Farbraum erreichbare Farbe zu realisieren, können die Anteile der Aktivierungszeiten der Farbgruppen 9a, b, c innerhalb des Farbzeitfensters F durch die Kontrolleinrichtung 15 eingestellt werden. So wird bei dem in der Figur 3 gezeigten Beispiel zunächst die Farbgruppe 9c in der ersten Halbwelle H1, nachfolgend die Farbgruppe 9a von der ersten Halbwelle H1 bis zur dritten Halbwelle H3 aktiviert und am Ende der dritten Halbwelle H3 die Farbgruppe 9b aktiviert.The LED lighting device 1 comprises a control device 15, which allows the selection of a mixed color for the color mixing unit 7. The mixed color is produced by activating the color groups 9a, b, c one after the other within a color time window F so that the light perceived by a user represents a mixed color. In order to realize any color achievable in the RGB color space, the proportions of the activation times of the color groups 9a, b, c within the color time window F can be set by the control device 15. So is in the in the FIG. 3 In the example shown, first the color group 9c in the first half-wave H1, subsequently the color group 9a is activated from the first half-wave H1 to the third half-wave H3 and the color group 9b is activated at the end of the third half-wave H3.

Somit werden während des Farbzeitfensters F, welches zeitlich mindestens eine Halbwelle, in diesem Beispiel drei Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 umfasst, die Farbgruppen 9a, b, c, also sämtliche Farbgruppen 9a,b,c der LED-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 nacheinander aktiviert.Thus, the color groups 9a, b, c, that is to say all the color groups 9a, b, c of the LED illumination device 1 are activated one after the other during the color time window F, which comprises at least one half-wave, in this example three half waves H1, H2, H3.

In den Figuren 4a, b, c sind unterschiedliche Mischfarben M1, M2, M3 dargestellt, wobei die Mischfarben M1, M2, M3 durch unterschiedliche Zeitanteile der Farbgruppen 9a, b, c innerhalb des Farbzeitfensters F realisiert sind. In der Kreisdarstellung nimmt das Farbzeitfenster 360° und die Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 jeweils 120° ein. So erfolgt beispielsweise bei dem Übergang von der Mischfarbe M1 zu der Mischfarbe M2 eine Erhöhung des Grünanteils durch eine Verlängerung der Aktivierungszeit der Farbgruppe 9b und eine Erniedrigung des Rotanteils durch eine Verkürzung der Aktivierungszeit der Farbgruppe 9a. Bei dem Umschalten der Farbgruppen 9a, b, c erfolgt jeweils ein Umschaltvorgang U.In the FIGS. 4a, b, c different mixed colors M1, M2, M3 are shown, wherein the mixed colors M1, M2, M3 are realized by different time portions of the color groups 9a, b, c within the color time window F. In the circular representation that takes Color time window 360 ° and the half-waves H1, H2, H3 each 120 °. Thus, for example, in the transition from the mixed color M1 to the mixed color M2, an increase in the proportion of green is achieved by an extension of the activation time of the color group 9b and a reduction of the red ratio by a shortening of the activation time of the color group 9a. When the color groups 9a, b, c are switched over, a switching operation U.

Die Umschaltvorgänge U sind so gelegt, dass jeweils nur ein Umschaltvorgang U pro Halbwelle H umgesetzt wird, um Schaltzeitverluste gering zu halten. Dies wird ermöglicht, dass das Farbzeitfenster F gegenüber den Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 um einen Phasenwinkel verschoben wird, wie dies in der Figur 4c gegenüber der Figur 4b angedeutet ist, um die Umschaltvorgänge U relativ zu den Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 zeitlich zu verschieben.The switching operations U are set so that only one switching operation U per half-wave H is implemented in order to keep switching time losses low. This allows the color time window F to be shifted by one phase angle with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3, as shown in FIG Figure 4c opposite the FIG. 4b is indicated in order to shift the switching operations U relative to the half-waves H1, H2, H3 in time.

In Fig. 4a,b weist das Farbzeitfenster F gegenüber den Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 und damit gegenüber der durch die drei Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 definierten Spannungsperiode SP einen ersten Phasenwinkel auf, der in diesem Fall 0° beträgt, so dass das Farbzeitfenster F sowie die drei Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 keine Phasenverschiebung aufweisen.In Fig. 4a, b the color time window F has a first phase angle with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3 and thus with respect to the voltage period SP defined by the three half-waves H1, H2, H3, which in this case is 0 °, so that the color time window F and the three half-waves H1, H2, H3 have no phase shift.

In Fig. 4c weisen das Farbzeitfenster F sowie die Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 einen von 0° verschiedenen Phasenwinkel auf. Eine derartige Phasenverschiebung wird durch entsprechende Änderung der Dauer des Farbzeitfensters F gegenüber der Dauer der Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 bzw. gegenüber der Dauer der Spannungsperiode SP erzielt. Nach einem derartigen Übergang des Zustands von Fig. 4b in den Zustand der Fig. 4c bleibt der Phasenwinkel zwischen dem Farbzeitfenster F gegenüber den Halbwellen H1, H2, H3 wiederum konstant. Dies bedeutet, dass vor und nach einem derartigen Übergang die Dauer des Farbzeitfensters F der Dauer der Spannungsperiode SP entspricht. In dem in Fig. 4c dargestellten Zustand ist dann der Phasenwinkel zwischen Farbzeitfenster F und Spannungsperiode SP wiederum konstant, aber im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 4b dargestellten Zustand ungleich null.In Fig. 4c the color time window F and the half-waves H1, H2, H3 have a different phase angle from 0 °. Such a phase shift is achieved by corresponding change in the duration of the color-time window F with respect to the duration of the half-waves H1, H2, H3 or with respect to the duration of the voltage period SP. After such a transition of the state of Fig. 4b in the state of Fig. 4c the phase angle between the color time window F remains constant with respect to the half-waves H1, H2, H3. This means that before and after such a transition, the duration of the color time window F corresponds to the duration of the voltage period SP. In the in Fig. 4c Then, the phase angle between the color time window F and the voltage period SP is again constant, but in contrast to that in FIG Fig. 4b illustrated state not equal to zero.

Zurückkehrend zu der Figur 3 ist eingezeichnet, dass das eine Farbzeitfenster F eine Farbperiode FP und die drei Halbwellen eine Spannungsperiode SP bilden, wobei die Farbperiode FP und die Spannungsperiode SP gleich lang ausgebildet sind, in der Figur 3 um einen Phasenwinkel 0 ° verschoben sind, jedoch auch um einen Phasenwinkel ungleich 0° zueinander zeitlich versetzt angeordnet sein können, wie dies beispielsweise in Fig. 4b gezeigt ist.Returning to the FIG. 3 It is shown that the one color time window F forms a color period FP and the three half-waves form a voltage period SP, wherein the color period FP and the voltage period SP have the same length, in which FIG. 3 shifted by a phase angle 0 °, but can also be arranged offset in time by a phase angle not equal to 0 ° to each other, as for example in Fig. 4b is shown.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Beleuchtungsvorrichtunglighting device
22
WechselspannungsversorgungAC power supply
33
AnschlussschnittstelleConnection interface
44
NetzfilterLine filter
55
Gleichrichterrectifier
66
StromsenkeneinrichtungCurrent sink means
77
FarbmischeinheitColor mixing system
88th
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
9a, b, c9a, b, c
Farbgruppencolor groups
1010
EinrichtungFacility
1111
Schaltanordnungswitching arrangement
12a, b, c, d12a, b, c, d
LED-TeilgruppenLED subgroups
1313
Versorgungsspannungsupply voltage
1414
Versorgungsstromsupply current
1515
Kontrolleinrichtungcontrol device
II
erster Schaltungszustandfirst circuit state
IIII
zweiter Schaltungszustandsecond circuit state
IIIIII
dritter Schaltungszustandthird circuit state
AA
Ausgangoutput
Ee
Eingangentrance
FF
FarbzeitfensterColor time window
H1, H2, H3H1, H2, H3
Halbwellehalf-wave
M1, M2, M3M1, M2, M3
Mischfarbenmixed colors
UU
Umschaltvorgangswitching

Claims (15)

  1. LED lighting apparatus (1)
    having a colour mixing unit (7), wherein the colour mixing unit (7) has at least a first and a second colour group (9a, b, c) of LEDs, wherein the LEDs in the colour groups (9a, b, c) differ by virtue of the light colour (R, B, G),
    having a power supply (5) for supplying a supply voltage (13) to the colour mixing unit, wherein the supply voltage (13) is in the form of a rectified AC voltage, wherein a repetition rate of half-cycles (H1, H2, H3) of the supply voltage defines a voltage frequency,
    having a control device (8) for selectively activating and deactivating the colour groups (9a, b, c), wherein the colour mixing unit (7) produces a mixed colour (M1, M2, M3) by means of the selectively activated and deactivated colour groups (9a, b, c),
    characterized in that
    a repetition rate of a colour time window (F) comprising at least one half-cycle (H1, H2, H3) defines a colour mixing frequency, wherein the control device (8) is designed to actuate the colour groups (9a, b, c) such that they are activated within the colour time window (F) in succession in order to produce the mixed colour (M1, M2, M3) during the colour time window (F), wherein at most one changeover operation between the colour groups (9a, b, c) is effected in a half-cycle (H1, H2, H3).
  2. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that no more than a single colour group (9a, b, c) is activated at the same time in each case in the colour mixing unit (7) within the colour time window (F).
  3. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for a mixed colour (M1, M2, M3) at least one changeover operation (U) between the colour groups (9a, b, c) is effected during a colour time window (F).
  4. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the colour mixing frequency is greater than 30 hertz.
  5. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the colour mixing frequency corresponds to the voltage frequency and/or in that the colour time window (F) is in a form with the same temporal length as one of the half-cycles (H1, H2, H3).
  6. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the half-cycles and the colour time windows are arranged in a manner staggered over time in relation to one another by a phase angle.
  7. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the phase angle is chosen on the basis of the mixed colour (M1, M2, M3).
  8. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the colour mixing frequency is lower than the voltage frequency and/or in that the colour time window (F) is in a form with greater temporal length than one half-cycle (H1, H2, H3).
  9. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the quotient between voltage frequency and colour mixing frequency and/or the quotient between colour time window (F) and half-cycle (H1, H2, H3) is in the form of a rational number.
  10. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to either of the preceding Claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the value of the voltage frequency is an integer multiple of the value of the colour mixing frequency and/or the length of the colour time window (F) is an integer multiple of the value of the temporal length of the half-cycle (H1, H2, H3).
  11. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a number of x successive colour time windows (F) are associated with a number of y successive half-cycles (H1, H2, H3), wherein the x colour time windows (F) form a colour period (FP) and the y half-cycles (H1, H2, H3) form a voltage period (SP), wherein the colour period (FP) and the voltage period (SP) are in a form with the same length and arranged or able to be arranged in a manner staggered over time in relation to one another by a phase angle.
  12. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by a switching arrangement (11), wherein the switching arrangement (11) is designed to put the LEDs in a colour group (9a, b, c) into at least two switching states (I, II, III), wherein the switching states (I, II, III) differ by virtue of the on-state voltage of the colour group (9a, b, c).
  13. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 12, characterized in that the control device (8) actuates the colour groups (9a, b, c) in the event of activation such that a switching state (I, II, III) with an on-state voltage is activated, wherein the on-state voltage is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage (13).
  14. LED lighting apparatus (1) according to Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the switching state (I, II, III) that has the highest on-state voltage that is less than or equal to the instantaneous value of the supply voltage (13) is activated.
  15. Method for operating the LED lighting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (8) selectively activates and deactivates the colour groups (9a, b, c), so that a mixed colour (M1, M2, M3) is produced, wherein the colour groups (9a, b, c) are actuated within the colour time window (F) such that they are activated in succession in order to produce the mixed colour (M1, M2, M3) during the colour time window (F), wherein at most one changeover operation between the colour groups (9a, b, c) is effected in a half-cycle (H1, H2, H3).
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DE102014005583A1 (en) 2015-10-15
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CN105050233B (en) 2018-03-30
CN105050233A (en) 2015-11-11
EP2934066A2 (en) 2015-10-21
US20150296588A1 (en) 2015-10-15

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