EP2700505A2 - Method for testing the printed product of rotation printers - Google Patents

Method for testing the printed product of rotation printers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2700505A2
EP2700505A2 EP13175580.3A EP13175580A EP2700505A2 EP 2700505 A2 EP2700505 A2 EP 2700505A2 EP 13175580 A EP13175580 A EP 13175580A EP 2700505 A2 EP2700505 A2 EP 2700505A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
live images
digital proof
web
reference image
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Granted
Application number
EP13175580.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2700505A3 (en
EP2700505B1 (en
Inventor
Oliver van Pels
Carsten Köhler
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BST GmbH
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Eltromat GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/04—Tripping devices or stop-motions
    • B41F33/12—Tripping devices or stop-motions for starting or stopping the machine as a whole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking the printing result in rotary printing presses having an inspection system for inspecting the printed image, wherein a reference image is formed from a predetermined number of live images which the inspection system takes on a printed web, which is then combined with one of can be compared to a prepress supplied digital proof.
  • Inspection systems have been developed for gap-free inspection of the printed product, with which a complete image of the printed web can be recorded and digitally stored.
  • the image information is linked to position information indicating the location of the respective image area in the longitudinal direction of the web.
  • a control panel with a monitor makes it possible to call up the corresponding image for each desired point on the printed web and to inspect for errors. If non-tolerable errors are detected in the printed image, it is possible based on the stored position information, after the completion of the printing process with the aid of a Umrollers approach the defective area of the printed web and separate out of the web.
  • Error detection algorithms have also been developed for automatic error detection. For this purpose, for example, at the beginning of the printing process, the first about 50 repeating print images (formats) digitally photographed with a line camera, and the image information is integrated over the 50 images, so that you get the reference image, the so-called "Golden Image” with the then the images taken later during the printing process will be compared. In the integration phase It is also possible to determine the fluctuation range of the image information for each individual pixel so that tolerance limits for error detection can be defined. During the printing process, the currently recorded image is then subtracted from the reference image, and if the difference obtained is outside of the error tolerances, an error signal is generated and the defective image area is displayed on the monitor of the control panel.
  • the positions of the detected aberrations can be stored, so that the damaged areas in the printed web can be selectively examined after completion of the printing process and optionally removed. However, the final decision as to whether a faulty image area must be removed or can still be tolerated remains with the operating personnel.
  • the desired printing result is usually specified by a so-called digital proof provided by a pre-press.
  • the image supplied by the inspection system is compared with the digital proof. Digital image processing techniques can also be used for this comparison.
  • the reference image is used for this image comparison, which is less noisy and less fluctuates than the individual live images.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which the production of rejects can be further reduced.
  • This object is achieved in that at least one of the live images is compared electronically with the digital proof.
  • the live images are already available during proofing, which precedes the actual printing run and in which no reference image is yet generated. At least rough deviations from the digital proof can thus be recognized at a very early stage, before the production phase of a printing run is even reached.
  • the printed image when printing packaging material, the printed image often contains textual components that are printed in different languages depending on the country of sale. If a wrong cliché is spanned and thus the text is printed in a wrong language, this can already be recognized during the proof by comparing one of the live images with the digital proof, so that the error can be corrected by replacing the cliché before using the printing is started.
  • Comparing the digital proof with one or more live images will generally allow for greater tolerances than comparing the digital proof with the reference image, so that less significant visible errors such as color variations that occur only sporadically due to fluctuations in live images of the test run or during the integration of the live pictures does not yet lead to an error message. Errors of this kind, if not only sporadic, can then be recognized later when comparing the digital proof with the reference image.
  • a section of a web 10 is shown, which has been printed in a rotary printing machine and is forwarded via various deflection and guide rollers 12 to a winding, not shown.
  • a digital line scan camera 14 is arranged on the printed side, which extends across the web 10 across its entire width and is capable of taking a complete color image of one line of the image printed on the web 10 at any one time.
  • the line scan camera 14 is connected to a powerful electronic data processing system 16 in a control panel 18 of the device.
  • the digital image data supplied by the line scan camera 14 are stored line by line so that a complete image of the printed web 10 can be recorded during the printing process.
  • the data processing system 16 also receives information from the control device of the printing press, in particular information about the web transport, which allows each area of the recorded and stored image to associate the associated longitudinal position on the web 10.
  • the data processing system 16 includes a powerful image processing system and software for automatic error detection.
  • Illumination systems for illuminating the image line recorded by the line scan camera 14 on the web 10 are integrated into the line scan camera 14.
  • a lighting device for example, an LED line and also opposite to the line scan camera 14 on the back of the web 10th be arranged so that it is possible to record transparent webs in the transmitted light.
  • a matrix camera 20 which is adapted to photograph a rectangular section of the image printed on the web 10.
  • associated lighting devices are integrated directly into the camera.
  • the web 10 is printed in the rotary printing press with an image that repeats at certain intervals (the repeat), namely at least after each complete revolution of the printing rollers.
  • the matrix camera 20 is synchronized with the repeat according to the stroboscopic principle, which is photographed at each digital single image, which takes the matrix camera, the same image detail, so that on a screen on which the successive recorded images are displayed, a still image receives.
  • the matrix camera 20 is movable on rails 22 in the transverse direction of the web 10, so that the transverse position of the photographed image detail can be varied. By changing the phase position of the image frequency relative to the repeat, the longitudinal position of the image detail can also be varied. Furthermore, the matrix camera 20 has an optical zoom, which makes it possible to zoom closer to the web 10, so that a smaller image detail with a correspondingly higher resolution can be observed.
  • the matrix camera 20 is at the heart of a web inspection system that serves to randomly monitor the result of the printing process while production is running, so that the operator can intervene at any time to correct any errors such as registration errors, hue changes, and the like.
  • the line scan camera 14 is the centerpiece of an inspection system which, inter alia, serves to make the printed web 10 in its entirety aware of any errors in the image Inspect printed image so that in a later step damaged areas can be separated out of the web.
  • control panel 18 is an integrated control panel which is adapted to control both the inspection system (line scan camera 14) and the web inspection system (matrix camera 20) and to electronically evaluate and present the data provided by these systems to the operating personnel.
  • the control panel 18 has a touch-sensitive screen 24 on which an image produced by the line scan camera 14, an image produced by the matrix camera 20, or combinations of such images can be selectively displayed, along with representations of operation buttons.
  • an additional monitor 26 is mounted on the control panel.
  • a digital proof On the screen 24 or the screen of the additional monitor 26 can optionally be displayed a digital proof, which was transmitted from a prepress to the control panel 18. This digital proof can then be compared visually with an image supplied by the line scan camera 14. Optionally, a section of the digital proof can also be compared with an image section on the web 10, which was taken with the matrix camera 20.
  • the image processing software stored in the data processing system 16 is also capable of comparing the image provided by the line scan camera 14 with the digital proof.
  • FIG. 2 A typical process flow is in Fig. 2 shown as a diagram.
  • a digital proof 110 which represents the desired printing result, is transmitted from the prepress to the data processing system 16.
  • step S200 a pressing operation is performed in step S200.
  • the line scan camera 14 is active and provides a series of live images 210 to the data processing system 16.
  • the line scan camera 14 is synchronized with the print engine repeat in step S201 so that the first image line each Live image is recorded exactly when the edge of a new format reaches the position of the line scan camera. So far, this synchronization is done manually by the staff by the synchronization signal is shifted in time until the visible on the screen live image has the right altitude. According to the invention, however, this synchronization can take place automatically by comparing the live image electronically with the digital proof 110.
  • live images can also be generated by the matrix camera 20.
  • Every single live image can play a complete format, i. h., The image that is printed during a cycle of the printing cylinder of the printing press on the substrate web.
  • step S220 one or more of the live images 210 are compared to the proof 110 by digital image processing, so that in the case of significant deviations an error signal is generated and, if appropriate, the test run can be aborted.
  • each live image 210 is decomposed into sections, each representing a utility, and these sections are compared one after the other with the digital proof.
  • the image comparison can be carried out in a known manner such that the digital proof (which is formed, for example, by a PDF file) is rendered into a raster image with suitable simulation of the influence of the illumination, the optical properties of the objective and the like, and then from the raster image and the respective live image a difference image is formed by the image contents of the two images pixel by pixel be subtracted from each other.
  • the difference image may then be subjected to filtering which suppresses deviations caused by image noise or by sporadically occurring errors. If the number of non-zero pixels in the difference image is still above a certain threshold even after this filtering, an error signal is generated. If necessary, the image can also be divided into different regions, for which different threshold values apply.
  • the thresholds and, if appropriate, the parameters of the filtering procedures are chosen to accommodate the noise and fluctuations that inevitably occur in the live images 210 and do not necessarily indicate an actual error in the print image.
  • an error message can only be output when the deviations are confirmed when comparing the proof 110 with at least one further live image 210.
  • step S220 If a significant error is detected in step S220, the deviations found on the screen can be visually inspected to determine the cause of the error. After removing the cause then the Anlichvorgang can be repeated.
  • step S220 If no errors (more) are detected in step S220, the printing phase of the printing run starts with step S300. In this continuous printing phase, too, the line scan camera 14 generates a series of live images 310, which are compared again with the digital proof 110 in step 320.
  • the tolerance limits for the detection of errors are preferably the same as in step S220.
  • the live images 310 continuously recorded during the pressure phase are also integrated into a reference image 330. Integration continues over a number of formats, including over 50 formats. The number of formats is chosen so that statistical fluctuations in the live images are largely averaged out so that you get as a reference image 330 a stable image, the so-called Golden Image, which then serves as a reference for the subsequent web inspection.
  • step S340 the reference image 330 is also compared with the digital proof 110. Since the reference image is subject to less strong statistical fluctuations, algorithms with narrower tolerance limits are used in this case, so that even with minor deviations an error message occurs. In the case of an error message, the pressure is canceled so that the source of the error can be eliminated.
  • this reference image is also compared with the subsequently recorded live images 310 in step S340.
  • other comparison algorithms can be used, which specifically search for errors that typically arise during the course of the printing process, such as splashes, doctor blade strips and the like. If a significant error is detected, an error message is issued which causes the personnel to eliminate the source of error as much as possible during the current printing process or, if this is not possible, to cancel the printing process.
  • the locations of the defective portions of the web 10 can be stored, so that later the defective web portions can be cut out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves comparing (S220) one of the live images (310) with a digital proof (110) in an electronic manner, where a reference image (330) is compared (S100) with the digital proof delivered from a prepress. The live image is taken in the pressing operation. The reference image is formed by integrating multiple live images. The reference image is electronically compared with the digital proof. A camera serves for receiving the live images.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Prüfung des Druckergebnisses bei Rotationsdruckmaschinen, die ein Inspektionssystem zur Inspektion des Druckbildes aufweisen, bei welchem Verfahren aus einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Livebildem, die das Inspektionssystem an einer bedruckten Bahn aufnimmt, ein Referenzbild gebildet wird, das dann mit einem von einer Druckvorstufe gelieferten digitalen Proof verglichen werden kann.The invention relates to a method for checking the printing result in rotary printing presses having an inspection system for inspecting the printed image, wherein a reference image is formed from a predetermined number of live images which the inspection system takes on a printed web, which is then combined with one of can be compared to a prepress supplied digital proof.

Für eine lückenlose Inspektion des Druckerzeugnisses sind Inspektionssysteme entwickelt worden, mit denen ein vollständiges Bild der gedruckten Bahn aufgenommen und digital gespeichert werden kann. Die Bildinformation wird mit Positionsinformation verknüpft, die den Ort des jeweiligen Bildbereiches in Längsrichtung der Bahn angibt. Ein Steuerpult mit einem Monitor erlaubt es, für jeden gewünschten Punkt auf der bedruckten Bahn das zugehörige Bild aufzurufen und auf Fehler zu inspizieren. Wenn nicht tolerierbare Fehler im gedruckten Bild festgestellt werden, so ist es anhand der gespeicherten Positionsinformation möglich, nach Abschluss des Druckprozesses mit Hilfe eines Umrollers den schadhaften Bereich der bedruckten Bahn anzufahren und aus der Bahn herauszutrennen.Inspection systems have been developed for gap-free inspection of the printed product, with which a complete image of the printed web can be recorded and digitally stored. The image information is linked to position information indicating the location of the respective image area in the longitudinal direction of the web. A control panel with a monitor makes it possible to call up the corresponding image for each desired point on the printed web and to inspect for errors. If non-tolerable errors are detected in the printed image, it is possible based on the stored position information, after the completion of the printing process with the aid of a Umrollers approach the defective area of the printed web and separate out of the web.

Es sind auch Fehlererkennungsalgorithmen für eine automatische Fehlererkennung entwickelt worden. Dazu werden beispielsweise zu Beginn des Druckprozesses die ersten etwa 50 sich wiederholenden Druckbilder (Formate) mit einer Zeilenkamera digital fotografiert, und die Bildinformation wird über die 50 Bilder integriert, so dass man das Referenzbild, das sogenannte "Golden Image" erhält, mit dem dann die später während des Druckprozesses aufgenommenen Bilder verglichen werden. In der Integrationsphase lässt sich auch die Schwankungsbreite der Bildinformation für jedes einzelne Pixel bestimmen, so dass sich Toleranzgrenzen für die Fehlererkennung festlegen lassen. Während des Druckprozesses wird dann das aktuell aufgenommene Bild vom Referenzbild subtrahiert, und wenn die erhaltene Differenz außerhalb der Fehlertoleranzen liegt, so wird ein Fehlersignal erzeugt, und der fehlerhafte Bildbereich wird auf dem Monitor des Steuerpultes dargestellt. Das erlaubt es dem Bedienungspersonal, schon während des Druckprozesses einzugreifen, um den Fehler zu beheben, oder, wenn er nicht behebbar ist, den Druckprozess abzubrechen. Darüber hinaus können die Positionen der erkannten Bildfehler gespeichert werden, so dass die schadhaften Stellen in der bedruckten Bahn nach Abschluss des Druckprozesses gezielt untersucht und gegebenenfalls entfernt werden können. Die letzte Entscheidung, ob ein fehlerhafter Bildbereich entfernt werden muss oder noch toleriert werden kann, liegt jedoch nach wie vor beim Bedienungspersonal.Error detection algorithms have also been developed for automatic error detection. For this purpose, for example, at the beginning of the printing process, the first about 50 repeating print images (formats) digitally photographed with a line camera, and the image information is integrated over the 50 images, so that you get the reference image, the so-called "Golden Image" with the then the images taken later during the printing process will be compared. In the integration phase It is also possible to determine the fluctuation range of the image information for each individual pixel so that tolerance limits for error detection can be defined. During the printing process, the currently recorded image is then subtracted from the reference image, and if the difference obtained is outside of the error tolerances, an error signal is generated and the defective image area is displayed on the monitor of the control panel. This allows the operator to intervene during the printing process to correct the error or, if unrecoverable, abort the printing process. In addition, the positions of the detected aberrations can be stored, so that the damaged areas in the printed web can be selectively examined after completion of the printing process and optionally removed. However, the final decision as to whether a faulty image area must be removed or can still be tolerated remains with the operating personnel.

Das gewünschte Druckergebnis wird üblicherweise durch einen sogenannten digitalen Proof spezifiziert, der von einer Druckvorstufe bereitgestellt wird. Um frühzeitig festzustellen, ob das Druckergebnis den Vorgaben entspricht, wird das vom Inspektionssystem gelieferte Bild mit dem digitalen Proof verglichen. Auch für diesen Vergleich können digitale Bildverarbeitungstechniken eingesetzt werden.The desired printing result is usually specified by a so-called digital proof provided by a pre-press. In order to determine in good time whether the printed result meets the specifications, the image supplied by the inspection system is compared with the digital proof. Digital image processing techniques can also be used for this comparison.

Bisher wird für diesen Bildvergleich das Referenzbild benutzt, das weniger verrauscht ist und weniger stark fluktuiert als die einzelnen Livebilder.So far, the reference image is used for this image comparison, which is less noisy and less fluctuates than the individual live images.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem sich die Produktion von Ausschuss weiter verringern lässt.The object of the invention is to provide a method with which the production of rejects can be further reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens eines der Livebilder elektronisch mit dem digitalen Proof verglichen wird.This object is achieved in that at least one of the live images is compared electronically with the digital proof.

Auf diese Weise kann eine erste Überprüfung des Druckergebnisses bereits anhand der Livebilder durchgeführt werden, bevor das Referenzbild fertig gestellt ist.In this way, a first check of the print result can already be performed on the basis of the live images before the reference image is completed.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist an diesem Verfahren, dass die Livebilder auch schon beim Andrucken zur Verfügung stehen, das dem eigentlichen Drucklauf vorausgeht und bei dem noch kein Referenzbild erzeugt wird. Zumindest grobe Abweichungen vom digitalen Proof können somit schon in einem sehr frühen Stadium erkannt werden, bevor überhaupt die Fortdruckphase eines Drucklaufes erreicht wird.It is particularly advantageous with this method that the live images are already available during proofing, which precedes the actual printing run and in which no reference image is yet generated. At least rough deviations from the digital proof can thus be recognized at a very early stage, before the production phase of a printing run is even reached.

Beispielsweise enthält beim Drucken von Verpackungsmaterial das Druckbild neben graphischen Bestandteilen oft auch Textanteile, die je nach Absatzland in verschiedenen Sprachen gedruckt werden. Falls ein falsches Klischee aufgespannt wurde und somit der Text in einer falschen Sprache gedruckt wird, kann dies schon während des Andruckens durch den Vergleich eines der Livebilder mit dem digitalen Proof erkannt werden, so dass der Fehler durch Austausch des Klischees korrigiert werden kann, bevor mit dem Fortdrucken begonnen wird.For example, when printing packaging material, the printed image often contains textual components that are printed in different languages depending on the country of sale. If a wrong cliché is spanned and thus the text is printed in a wrong language, this can already be recognized during the proof by comparing one of the live images with the digital proof, so that the error can be corrected by replacing the cliché before using the printing is started.

Bei dem Vergleich des digitalen Proofs mit einem oder mehreren Livebildern wird man allerdings generell größere Toleranzen zulassen als bei dem Vergleich des digitalen Proofs mit dem Referenzbild, so dass weniger deutliche sichtbare Fehler wie beispielsweise Farbabweichungen, die nur sporadisch aufgrund von Fluktuationen der Livebilder auftreten, während des Probelaufes oder während der Integration der Livebilder noch nicht zu einer Fehlermeldung führen. Fehler dieser Art können dann, falls sie nicht nur sporadisch auftreten, später beim Vergleich des digitalen Proofs mit dem Referenzbild erkannt werden.Comparing the digital proof with one or more live images, however, will generally allow for greater tolerances than comparing the digital proof with the reference image, so that less significant visible errors such as color variations that occur only sporadically due to fluctuations in live images of the test run or during the integration of the live pictures does not yet lead to an error message. Errors of this kind, if not only sporadic, can then be recognized later when comparing the digital proof with the reference image.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.In the following an embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines Inspektionssystems einer Rotationsdruckmaschine; und
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm zur Illustration des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic perspective view of an inspection system of a rotary printing machine; and
Fig. 2
a diagram illustrating the method according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Abschnitt einer Bahn 10 gezeigt, die in einer Rotationsdruckmaschine bedruckt worden ist und über verschiedene Umlenk- und Führungsrollen 12 zu einer nicht gezeigten Aufwicklung weitergeleitet wird. An der Bahn 10 ist auf der bedruckten Seite eine digitale Zeilenkamera 14 angeordnet, die sich quer zur Bahn 10 über deren gesamte Breite erstreckt und in der Lage ist, zu jedem Zeitpunkt ein komplettes Farbbild einer Zeile des auf die Bahn 10 gedruckten Bildes aufzunehmen.In Fig. 1 a section of a web 10 is shown, which has been printed in a rotary printing machine and is forwarded via various deflection and guide rollers 12 to a winding, not shown. On the web 10, a digital line scan camera 14 is arranged on the printed side, which extends across the web 10 across its entire width and is capable of taking a complete color image of one line of the image printed on the web 10 at any one time.

Die Zeilenkamera 14 ist mit einem leistungsfähigen elektronischen Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 in einem Steuerpult 18 der Vorrichtung verbunden. In dem Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 werden die von der Zeilenkamera 14 gelieferten digitalen Bilddaten Zeile für Zeile gespeichert, so dass sich im Laufe des Druckprozesses ein komplettes Bild der bedruckten Bahn 10 aufnehmen lässt. Dabei erhält das Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 auch Informationen von der Steuereinrichtung der Druckmaschine, insbesondere Information über den Bahntransport, die es erlaubt, jedem Bereich des aufgenommenen und gespeicherten Bildes die zugehörige Längsposition auf der Bahn 10 zuzuordnen. Darüber hinaus enthält das Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 ein leistungsfähiges Bildverarbeitungssystem und Software für eine automatische Fehlererkennung.The line scan camera 14 is connected to a powerful electronic data processing system 16 in a control panel 18 of the device. In the data processing system 16, the digital image data supplied by the line scan camera 14 are stored line by line so that a complete image of the printed web 10 can be recorded during the printing process. In this case, the data processing system 16 also receives information from the control device of the printing press, in particular information about the web transport, which allows each area of the recorded and stored image to associate the associated longitudinal position on the web 10. In addition, the data processing system 16 includes a powerful image processing system and software for automatic error detection.

Beleuchtungssysteme (Hell- und Dunkelfeldbeleuchtung) zur Ausleuchtung der von der Zeilenkamera 14 aufgenommenen Bildzeile auf der Bahn 10 sind in die Zeilenkamera 14 integriert. Wahlweise kann eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung, beispielsweise eine LED-Zeile auch gegenüberliegend zu der Zeilenkamera 14 auf der Rückseite der Bahn 10 angeordnet sein, so dass es möglich ist, transparente Bahnen auch im Durchlicht aufzunehmen.Illumination systems (bright and dark field illumination) for illuminating the image line recorded by the line scan camera 14 on the web 10 are integrated into the line scan camera 14. Optionally, a lighting device, for example, an LED line and also opposite to the line scan camera 14 on the back of the web 10th be arranged so that it is possible to record transparent webs in the transmitted light.

An der Bahn 10 ist außerdem eine Matrixkamera 20 installiert, die dazu eingerichtet ist, einen rechteckigen Ausschnitt des auf die Bahn 10 gedruckten Bildes zu fotografieren. Auch hier sind zugehörige Beleuchtungseinrichtungen direkt in die Kamera integriert.Also installed on the web 10 is a matrix camera 20 which is adapted to photograph a rectangular section of the image printed on the web 10. Here, too, associated lighting devices are integrated directly into the camera.

Die Bahn 10 wird in der Rotationsdruckmaschine mit einem Bild bedruckt, das sich in gewissen Intervallen (dem Repeat) wiederholt, nämlich mindestens nach jeder vollständigen Umdrehung der Druckwalzen. Die Matrixkamera 20 ist nach den Stroboskop-Prinzip so mit dem Repeat synchronisiert, das bei jedem digitalen Einzelfoto, das die Matrixkamera aufnimmt, derselbe Bildausschnitt fotografiert wird, so dass man auf einem Bildschirm, auf dem die nacheinander aufgenommenen Bilder wiedergegeben werden, ein stehendes Bild erhält.The web 10 is printed in the rotary printing press with an image that repeats at certain intervals (the repeat), namely at least after each complete revolution of the printing rollers. The matrix camera 20 is synchronized with the repeat according to the stroboscopic principle, which is photographed at each digital single image, which takes the matrix camera, the same image detail, so that on a screen on which the successive recorded images are displayed, a still image receives.

Die Matrixkamera 20 ist auf Schienen 22 in Querrichtung der Bahn 10 verfahrbar, so dass die Querposition des fotografierten Bildausschnittes variiert werden kann. Durch Änderung der Phasenlage der Bildfrequenz relativ zum Repeat lässt sich auch die Längsposition des Bildausschnittes variieren. Weiterhin weist die Matrixkamera 20 einen optischen Zoom auf, der es erlaubt, näher an die Bahn 10 heranzuzoomen, so dass ein kleinerer Bildausschnitt mit entsprechend höherer Auflösung beobachtet werden kann.The matrix camera 20 is movable on rails 22 in the transverse direction of the web 10, so that the transverse position of the photographed image detail can be varied. By changing the phase position of the image frequency relative to the repeat, the longitudinal position of the image detail can also be varied. Furthermore, the matrix camera 20 has an optical zoom, which makes it possible to zoom closer to the web 10, so that a smaller image detail with a correspondingly higher resolution can be observed.

Die Matrixkamera 20 ist Kernstück eines Bahnbeobachtungssystems, das dazu dient, das Ergebnis des Druckprozesses bei laufender Produktion stichprobenartig zu überwachen, so dass der Maschinenführer jederzeit eingreifen kann, um etwa auftretende Fehler wie Passerfehler, Farbtonveränderungen und dergleichen zu korrigieren.The matrix camera 20 is at the heart of a web inspection system that serves to randomly monitor the result of the printing process while production is running, so that the operator can intervene at any time to correct any errors such as registration errors, hue changes, and the like.

Die Zeilenkamera 14 ist dagegen das Kernstück eines Inspektionssystems, das unter anderem dazu dient, die bedruckte Bahn 10 in ihrer Gesamtheit auf etwaige Fehler im Druckbild zu inspizieren, so dass in einem späteren Schritt schadhafte Bereiche aus der Bahn herausgetrennt werden können.By contrast, the line scan camera 14 is the centerpiece of an inspection system which, inter alia, serves to make the printed web 10 in its entirety aware of any errors in the image Inspect printed image so that in a later step damaged areas can be separated out of the web.

Bei der hier gezeigten Vorrichtung ist das Steuerpult 18 ein integriertes Steuerpult, das dazu eingerichtet ist, sowohl das Inspektionssystem (Zeilenkamera 14) als auch das Bahnbeobachtungssystem (Matrixkamera 20) zu steuern und die von diesen Systemen gelieferten Daten elektronisch auszuwerten und dem Bedienungspersonal zu präsentieren. Zu diesem Zweck weist das Steuerpult 18 einen berührungsempfindlichen Bildschirm 24 auf, auf dem wahlweise ein von der Zeilenkamera 14 erzeugtes Bild, ein von der Matrixkamera 20 erzeugtes Bild oder Kombinationen solcher Bilder dargestellt werden kann, zusammen mit Darstellungen von Tasten für Bedienungsoperationen. Im gezeigten Beispiel ist auf dem Steuerpult noch ein zusätzlicher Monitor 26 angebracht.In the apparatus shown here, the control panel 18 is an integrated control panel which is adapted to control both the inspection system (line scan camera 14) and the web inspection system (matrix camera 20) and to electronically evaluate and present the data provided by these systems to the operating personnel. To this end, the control panel 18 has a touch-sensitive screen 24 on which an image produced by the line scan camera 14, an image produced by the matrix camera 20, or combinations of such images can be selectively displayed, along with representations of operation buttons. In the example shown, an additional monitor 26 is mounted on the control panel.

Auf dem Bildschirm 24 oder dem Bildschirm des zusätzlichen Monitors 26 kann wahlweise auch ein digitaler Proof dargestellt werden, der von einer Druckvorstufe an das Steuerpult 18 übermittelt wurde. Dieser digitale Proof kann dann visuell mit einem von der Zeilenkamera 14 gelieferten Bild verglichen werden. Wahlweise kann auch ein Ausschnitt des digitalen Proofs mit einem Bildausschnitt auf der Bahn 10 verglichen werden, der mit der Matrixkamera 20 aufgenommen wurde.On the screen 24 or the screen of the additional monitor 26 can optionally be displayed a digital proof, which was transmitted from a prepress to the control panel 18. This digital proof can then be compared visually with an image supplied by the line scan camera 14. Optionally, a section of the digital proof can also be compared with an image section on the web 10, which was taken with the matrix camera 20.

Die im Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 gespeicherte Bildverarbeitungssoftware ist auch in der Lage, das von der Zeilenkamera 14 gelieferte Bild mit dem digitalen Proof zu vergleichen.The image processing software stored in the data processing system 16 is also capable of comparing the image provided by the line scan camera 14 with the digital proof.

Ein typischer Prozessablauf ist in Fig. 2 als Diagramm dargestellt.A typical process flow is in Fig. 2 shown as a diagram.

In einem Schritt S100 wird von der Druckvorstufe ein digitaler Proof 110, der das gewünschte Druckergebnis repräsentiert, an das Datenverarbeitungssystem 16 übermittelt.In a step S100, a digital proof 110, which represents the desired printing result, is transmitted from the prepress to the data processing system 16.

Mit der Druckmaschine wird in Schritt S200 ein Andruckvorgang durchgeführt. Während dieses Andruckvorgangs ist die Zeilenkamera 14 aktiv, und sie liefert eine Serie von Livebildern 210 an das Datenverarbeitungssystem 16. Zu diesem Zweck wird zu Beginn des Andruckvorgangs wird in Schritt S201 die Zeilenkamera 14 so mit dem Repeat der Druckmaschine synchronisiert, dass die erste Bildzeile jedes Livebildes genau dann aufgezeichnet wird, wenn der Rand eines neuen Formats die Position der Zeilenkamera erreicht. Bisher erfolgt diese Synchronisation von Hand durch das Personal, indem das Synchronisationssignal zeitlich verschoben wird, bis das auf dem Bildschirm sichtbare Livebild die richtige Höhenlage hat. Erfindungsgemäß kann diese Synchronisation jedoch automatisch erfolgen, indem das Livebild elektronisch mit dem digitalen Proof 110 verglichen wird. Wahlweise oder zusätzlich können Livebilder auch von der Matrixkamera 20 erzeugt werden. Jedes einzelne Livebild kann ein vollständiges Format wiedergeben, d. h., das Bild, das während eines Umlaufes der Druckzylinder der Druckmaschine auf die Bedruckstoffbahn gedruckt wird. In Schritt S220 werden eines oder mehrere der Livebilder 210 durch digitale Bildverarbeitung mit dem Proof 110 verglichen, so dass im Fall signifikanter Abweichungen ein Fehlersignal erzeugt und gegebenenfalls der Probelauf abgebrochen werden kann.With the printing machine, a pressing operation is performed in step S200. During this printing operation, the line scan camera 14 is active and provides a series of live images 210 to the data processing system 16. For this purpose, at the beginning of the proofing operation, the line scan camera 14 is synchronized with the print engine repeat in step S201 so that the first image line each Live image is recorded exactly when the edge of a new format reaches the position of the line scan camera. So far, this synchronization is done manually by the staff by the synchronization signal is shifted in time until the visible on the screen live image has the right altitude. According to the invention, however, this synchronization can take place automatically by comparing the live image electronically with the digital proof 110. Optionally or additionally, live images can also be generated by the matrix camera 20. Every single live image can play a complete format, i. h., The image that is printed during a cycle of the printing cylinder of the printing press on the substrate web. In step S220, one or more of the live images 210 are compared to the proof 110 by digital image processing, so that in the case of significant deviations an error signal is generated and, if appropriate, the test run can be aborted.

Falls das Format in mehrere Nutzen (identische Kopien desselben Bildes) aufgeteilt ist und der digitale Proof nur einen einzelnen Nutzen repräsentiert, wird jedes Livebild 210 in Ausschnitte zerlegt, die jeweils einen Nutzen repräsentieren, und diese Ausschnitte werden nacheinander mit dem digitalen Proof verglichen.If the format is divided into multiple uses (identical copies of the same image) and the digital proof represents only a single benefit, each live image 210 is decomposed into sections, each representing a utility, and these sections are compared one after the other with the digital proof.

Der Bildvergleich kann in bekannter Weise so ausgeführt werden, dass der digitale Proof (der z. B. durch eine PDF-Datei gebildet wird) in ein Rasterbild gerendert wird, mit geeigneter Simulation vom Einflüssen der Beleuchtung, der optischen Eigenschaften des Objektivs und dergleichen, und dann aus dem Rasterbild und dem jeweiligen Livebild ein Differenzbild gebildet wird, indem die Bildinhalte der beiden Bilder pixelweise voneinander subtrahiert werden. Das Differenzbild kann dann einer Filterung unterzogen werden, die durch Bildrauschen oder durch sporadisch auftretende Fehler verursachte Abweichungen unterdrückt. Wenn die Anzahl der von null verschiedenen Pixel im Differenzbild auch nach dieser Filterung noch oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellenwertes liegt, wird ein Fehlersignal erzeugt. Gegebenenfalls kann das Bild auch in verschiedene Regionen aufgeteilt werden, für die unterschiedliche Schwellenwerte gelten. Die Schwellenwerte und gegebenenfalls die Parameter der Filterprozeduren werden so gewählt, dass sie dem Rauschen und den Fluktuationen Rechnung tragen, die unvermeidlich in den Livebildern 210 auftreten und nicht unbedingt auf einem tatsächlichen Fehler im Druckbild hinweisen müssen. Wahlweise kann eine Fehlermeldung auch erst dann ausgegeben werden, wenn die Abweichungen bei einem Vergleich des Proofs 110 mit mindestens einem weiteren Livebild 210 bestätigt werden.The image comparison can be carried out in a known manner such that the digital proof (which is formed, for example, by a PDF file) is rendered into a raster image with suitable simulation of the influence of the illumination, the optical properties of the objective and the like, and then from the raster image and the respective live image a difference image is formed by the image contents of the two images pixel by pixel be subtracted from each other. The difference image may then be subjected to filtering which suppresses deviations caused by image noise or by sporadically occurring errors. If the number of non-zero pixels in the difference image is still above a certain threshold even after this filtering, an error signal is generated. If necessary, the image can also be divided into different regions, for which different threshold values apply. The thresholds and, if appropriate, the parameters of the filtering procedures are chosen to accommodate the noise and fluctuations that inevitably occur in the live images 210 and do not necessarily indicate an actual error in the print image. Alternatively, an error message can only be output when the deviations are confirmed when comparing the proof 110 with at least one further live image 210.

Falls in Schritt S220 ein signifikanter Fehler festgestellt wird, können die gefundenen Abweichungen am Bildschirm visuell untersucht werden, um die Fehlerursache festzustellen. Nach Beseitigung der Ursache kann dann der Andruckvorgang wiederholt werden.If a significant error is detected in step S220, the deviations found on the screen can be visually inspected to determine the cause of the error. After removing the cause then the Andruckvorgang can be repeated.

Wenn in Schritt S220 keine Fehler (mehr) festgestellt werden, beginnt mit Schritt S300 die Fortdruckphase des Drucklaufes. Auch in dieser Fortdruckphase erzeugt die Zeilenkamera 14 eine Serie von Livebildern 310, die in Schritt 320 wieder mit dem digitalen Proof 110 verglichen werden. Die Toleranzgrenzen für die Feststellung von Fehlern sind dabei vorzugsweise die gleichen wie in Schritt S220.If no errors (more) are detected in step S220, the printing phase of the printing run starts with step S300. In this continuous printing phase, too, the line scan camera 14 generates a series of live images 310, which are compared again with the digital proof 110 in step 320. The tolerance limits for the detection of errors are preferably the same as in step S220.

Die fortlaufend während der Andruckphase aufgenommenen Livebilder 310 werden außerdem zu einem Referenzbild 330 integriert. Die Integration wird über eine gewisse Anzahl von Formaten, beispielsweise über 50 Formate fortgesetzt. Die Anzahl der Formate ist so gewählt, dass statistische Fluktuationen in den Livebildern weitgehend herausgemittelt werden, so dass man als Referenzbild 330 ein stabiles Bild, das sogenannte Golden Image erhält, das dann als Referenz für die anschließende Bahninspektion dient.The live images 310 continuously recorded during the pressure phase are also integrated into a reference image 330. Integration continues over a number of formats, including over 50 formats. The number of formats is chosen so that statistical fluctuations in the live images are largely averaged out so that you get as a reference image 330 a stable image, the so-called Golden Image, which then serves as a reference for the subsequent web inspection.

In Schritt S340 wird auch das Referenzbild 330 mit dem digitalen Proof 110 verglichen. Da das Referenzbild weniger starken statistischen Fluktuationen unterliegt, werden in diesem Fall Algorithmen mit engeren Toleranzgrenzen benutzt, so dass schon bei geringfügigeren Abweichungen eine Fehlermeldung erfolgt. Im Fall einer Fehlermeldung wird der Andruck abgebrochen, damit die Fehlerquelle beseitigt werden kann.In step S340, the reference image 330 is also compared with the digital proof 110. Since the reference image is subject to less strong statistical fluctuations, algorithms with narrower tolerance limits are used in this case, so that even with minor deviations an error message occurs. In the case of an error message, the pressure is canceled so that the source of the error can be eliminated.

Sobald das Referenzbild 330 erstellt ist, wird dieses Referenzbild in Schritt S340 auch mit den danach aufgenommenen Livebildern 310 verglichen. Für diesen Vergleich können andere Vergleichsalgorithmen benutzt werden, die gezielt nach Fehlern suchen, die typischerweise erst im Lauf des Fortdruckprozesses entstehen, beispielsweise Spritzer, Rakelstreifen und dergleichen. Falls ein signifikanter Fehler festgestellt wird, so wird eine Fehlermeldung ausgegeben, die das Personal veranlasst, die Fehlerquelle möglichst noch während des laufenden Druckvorgangs zu beseitigen oder, falls dies nicht möglich ist, den Druckvorgang abzubrechen. Gleichzeitig können die Orte der fehlerhaften Abschnitte der Bahn 10 gespeichert werden, so dass später die fehlerhaften Bahnabschnitte herausgetrennt werden können.Once the reference image 330 has been created, this reference image is also compared with the subsequently recorded live images 310 in step S340. For this comparison, other comparison algorithms can be used, which specifically search for errors that typically arise during the course of the printing process, such as splashes, doctor blade strips and the like. If a significant error is detected, an error message is issued which causes the personnel to eliminate the source of error as much as possible during the current printing process or, if this is not possible, to cancel the printing process. At the same time, the locations of the defective portions of the web 10 can be stored, so that later the defective web portions can be cut out.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Prüfung des Druckergebnisses bei Rotationsdruckmaschinen, die ein Inspektionssystem (14, 16) zur Inspektion des Druckbildes aufweisen, bei welchem Verfahren aus einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Livebildern (210, 310), die das Inspektionssystem an einer bedruckten Bahn (10) aufnimmt, ein Referenzbild (330) gebildet wird, das dann mit einem von einer Druckvorstufe (S100) gelieferten digitalen Proof (110) verglichen werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eines der Livebilder (210, 310) elektronisch mit dem digitalen Proof (110) verglichen wird.A method of inspecting the printing result in rotary printing presses, comprising an inspection system (14, 16) for inspecting the printed image, in which method a predetermined number of live images (210, 310) are taken by the inspection system on a printed web (10) Reference image (330) is formed, which can then be compared with a supplied from a prepress (S100) digital proof (110), characterized in that at least one of the live images (210, 310) is compared electronically with the digital proof (110) , Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein Andruckvorgang (S200) durchgeführt wird, während dessen Livebilder (210) aufgenommen und mit dem digitalen Proof (110) verglichen werden.The method of claim 1, wherein a pressing operation (S200) is performed during which live images (210) are taken and compared with the digital proof (110). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Referenzbild (330) durch Integration mehrerer Livebilder (310) gebildet wird und auch diese Livebilder (310) mit dem digitalen Proof (110) verglichen werden.Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the reference image (330) is formed by integration of a plurality of live images (310) and these live images (310) are also compared with the digital proof (110). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem auch das Referenzbild (330) elektronisch mit dem digitalen Proof (110) verglichen wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reference image (330) is compared electronically with the digital proof (110). Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, bei dem für den Vergleich der Livebilder (210, 310) mit dem digitalen Proof (110) andere Kriterien gelten als für den Vergleich des Referenzbildes (330) mit dem digitalen Proof.Method according to Claim 4, in which different criteria apply to the comparison of the live images (210, 310) with the digital proof (110) than for the comparison of the reference image (330) with the digital proof. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem eine Kamera (12, 14), die zur Aufnahme der Livebilder (210) dient, durch elektronischen Vergleich der Livebilder mit dem Proof (110) automatisch mit dem Repeat der Druckmaschine synchronisiert wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which a camera (12, 14) which serves to record the live images (210), by electronic comparison of the Live images with the proof (110) is automatically synchronized with the repeat of the press.
EP13175580.3A 2012-07-31 2013-07-08 Method for testing the printed product of rotation printers Revoked EP2700505B1 (en)

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