EP2580808A1 - Active decoys against radar sources, and method for protecting objects using such decoys - Google Patents

Active decoys against radar sources, and method for protecting objects using such decoys

Info

Publication number
EP2580808A1
EP2580808A1 EP11721722.4A EP11721722A EP2580808A1 EP 2580808 A1 EP2580808 A1 EP 2580808A1 EP 11721722 A EP11721722 A EP 11721722A EP 2580808 A1 EP2580808 A1 EP 2580808A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
decoys
radar
signal
antenna
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11721722.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jürgen Schmitz
Michael Camp
Markus Jung
Alexander Graf
Ellen Dudek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Publication of EP2580808A1 publication Critical patent/EP2580808A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
    • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/767—Responders; Transponders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/281—Nose antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with active decoys (chaff etc.), in particular miniaturized, which deflect an approaching radar-based system, projectile, such as rockets, etc., and other search missiles from an object to be protected and deceive it.
  • active decoys chloraff etc.
  • Such decoys can preferably be carried out without ammunition and therefore also be used in the civil sector.
  • a first countermeasure is, for example, the ejection of so-called chaffs made of metallic fibers, such as Staniol, and the formation of a cloud, which have a larger radar cross section than the original target (US Pat. No. 6,876,320 A, US2008 / 0198060 A, US 2009/02511353 A).
  • Another variant is the launching of missiles that record the incoming radar signal, analyze and send a deception signal (US 5,388,783 A, US 6,628,239 A, US 2009/0189799 A).
  • missiles are deployed which radiate an incoming signal retrodirectively, for example as Radarcorner or Van Atta array (US Pat. No. 3,496,570 A, US Pat. Nos. 3,731,313 A, 3,938,151 A).
  • Direct measures are also known, such as the firing of such search missiles by means of weapon systems, such as machine guns, and the emission of missiles - Skyshield - against such threats.
  • weapon systems such as machine guns
  • the incoming radar signal is recorded and analyzed. Thereafter, a deceptive signal is transmitted (US 3,258,771 A; US 3,896,438 A; US 3,958,241 A; US 4,126,862 A; US 4,646,098 A).
  • absorbent materials are applied to the surfaces, in particular of the mobile objects, in thick-film or composite technology.
  • Isotropic media and dielectrics of extruded / foamed plastics, graphites, etc. US Pat. No. 4,606,848 A
  • magnetic absorbers and anisotropic media ferrites
  • bianisotropic, chiral absorbers US Pat. No. 4,606,848, etc.
  • the invention has as its object to show an active decoy, which is effected in a simple form an efficient effect with respect to the flying object.
  • the invention is based on the idea to form a corresponding cloud with active decoys, each of which has an antenna and a so-called system on chip (SoC), system in package (SiP) or application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with integrated transmitter - / Receiving unit preferably imprint.
  • SoC system on chip
  • SiP system in package
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the structure is comparable to an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) with dimensions of about one chip card.
  • a suitable power supply based on foils or similar. integrated become.
  • the antenna itself should preferably be an ultra wideband antenna.
  • Such a miniaturized structure allows hundreds of these active decoys to be ejected or used as a payload of a carrier.
  • decoys with different radar cross sections can be embedded in a cloud, so that a more variable and larger spectrum can be taken and achieved as a protective measure. Due to the small-sized nature and the associated amount of individual decoy, even a corresponding silhouette of the object to be protected can be generated. In addition, a flat application in front of the object to be protected is possible.
  • the incoming missile now sends a radar signal to navigate and control its trajectory.
  • Each of the decoys in the cloud discharged in this context receives this signal, evaluates it in the SoC, SiP or ASIC and sends a corresponding, possibly modified, partially amplified, deceptive signal (back).
  • a generation of Doppler frequencies in fast relative movements or other modulated signal forms are feasible by the SoC, SiP or ASIC. By modification, for example, a speed can be simulated.
  • the transmitted signals are received by the radar of the missile and considered to be an attractive signal (larger radar cross-section due to the appearance of the cloud).
  • the impulsive ejection and the accelerations of the active decoys can take place, among other things, through the firing of shells, ammunition, missiles or active bodies, which eject the active decoys in a defined manner.
  • the ejection of the decoys can also be realized with the help of cached compressed gas or by permanent ejection with blowers, pumps, compressors, etc.
  • Spring forces - catapults, bows etc. - or railguns can also be used to distribute the decoys. Combinations of the aforementioned variants are possible.
  • FIG. 4a-c representations of the cloud in its application for the protection of various objects.
  • FIG. 2 shows a receiver, 3 a signal processing (amplifier -V), 4 a transmitter and 5 a diplexer.
  • An input signal R of a radar source - here radar seeker 10 (FIG. 4) - is received by the receiver 2 via an antenna 6 and given to the signal processor 3.
  • the signal processing 3 analyzes this signal and, depending on the type of deception, sends a specific signal R 'to the transmitter 4. This is then sent back to the radar source 10 via the antenna 7. Preference is given to a common antenna 7, which is switched by a diplexer 8 of the respective unit 2, 4. A structure with two or more separate antennas is also conceivable.
  • a first possibility is the enlargement of the radar cross section with CW and impulse radar.
  • the input signal R is amplified linearly and without distortion.
  • the second possibility is the delay of the radar signal, wherein the input signal R is sent back delayed to the source 10, so that the reflex arrives later at this radar source 10. The destination seems far away.
  • the third possibility is the generation of a Doppler frequency in Doppler radar. Due to the input signal and the speeds of the radar transmitter 10 and a Target 11, the Doppler frequency is detected in the signal processing 3 and sent. (This method requires conditioning the deception system (not shown) with the required data.)
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the preferred integration of the Radarspoofers 1 on a support substrate 1 ', such as paper / plastic film.
  • the antenna 7 is applied in the form of a dipole on the substrate (s) 1 '.
  • All electronic assemblies of the decoy 1 are powered by a power source 8.
  • the power source 8 may be a battery, chemical, solar technology or the like.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a forming cloud 12 that is being built up by the decoys / radar spoons 1.
  • FIGS. 4 a - c some protection variants are shown symbolically.
  • a deception signal R ' is created by creating a cloud 12 behind a ship 11.1.
  • a vehicle 11.2 and Fig. (C) an aircraft 11.3 is protected. Not shown in detail is the protection of a non-mobile object / building, but are included in the applications.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In order to form a corresponding cloud with active decoys (1), an antenna (7) and a system-on-chip (SoC) etc. with an integrated sending/receiving unit (2, 3) are preferably imprinted on each said decoy. The design is comparable to an RFID (radio-frequency identification) with the dimensions of approximately one chip card. The antenna (7) is preferably an ultra-broadband antenna.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG  DESCRIPTION
Aktive Täuschkörper gegen Radarquellen sowie Verfahren zum Schutz von Objekten mit Hilfe derartiger Täuschkörper Active decoys against radar sources and methods of protecting objects with the aid of such decoys
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit aktiven Täuschkörpern (Düppel etc.), insbesondere miniaturisierte, die ein herannahendes Radar gestütztes System, Geschoss, wie Raketen etc. und andere Suchflugkörper von einem zu schützenden Objekt weglenken und dieses dazu täuschen sollen. Derartige Täuschkörper können bevorzugt munitionsfrei ausgeführt werden und daher auch im zivilen Bereich eingesetzt werden. The invention is concerned with active decoys (chaff etc.), in particular miniaturized, which deflect an approaching radar-based system, projectile, such as rockets, etc., and other search missiles from an object to be protected and deceive it. Such decoys can preferably be carried out without ammunition and therefore also be used in the civil sector.
Zum Schutz von Objekten, wie Schiffen, Flugzeugen und Fahrzeugen sowie nicht mobilen Objekten sind verschiedene Gegenmaßnahmen bekannt. Various countermeasures are known for protecting objects such as ships, aircraft and vehicles as well as non-mobile objects.
Eine erste Gegenmaßnahme ist beispielswiese das Ausstoßen so genannter Düppel aus metallischen Fasern, wie Staniol, und Ausbildung einer Wolke, die einen größeren Radarquerschnitt haben, als das ursprüngliche Ziel (US 6,876,320 A; US 2008/0198060 A; US 2009/02511353 A). A first countermeasure is, for example, the ejection of so-called chaffs made of metallic fibers, such as Staniol, and the formation of a cloud, which have a larger radar cross section than the original target (US Pat. No. 6,876,320 A, US2008 / 0198060 A, US 2009/02511353 A).
Eine weitere Variante ist der Abschuss von Flugkörpern, die das ankommende Radarsignal aufnehmen, analysieren und ein Täuschsignal senden (US 5,388,783 A; US 6,628,239 A; US 2009/0189799 A). Another variant is the launching of missiles that record the incoming radar signal, analyze and send a deception signal (US 5,388,783 A, US 6,628,239 A, US 2009/0189799 A).
Des Weiteren werden Flugkörper ausgebracht, die ein ankommendes Signal retrodirektiv abstrahlen, beispielsweise als Radarcorner oder Van-Atta-Array (US 3,496,570 A; US 3,731 ,313 A; US 3,938,151 A). In addition, missiles are deployed which radiate an incoming signal retrodirectively, for example as Radarcorner or Van Atta array (US Pat. No. 3,496,570 A, US Pat. Nos. 3,731,313 A, 3,938,151 A).
Auch direkte Maßnahmen sind bekannt, wie beispielsweise das Abschießen derartiger Suchflugkörper mittels Waffensystemen, wie Maschinenkanonen, und das Aussenden von Flugkörpern - Skyshield - gegen derartige Bedrohungen. Beim Einsatz eines Stand off Jammers wird das ankommende Radarsignal aufgenommen und analysiert. Danach wird ein Täuschsignal gesendet (US 3,258,771 A; US 3,896,438 A; US 3,958,241 A; US 4,126,862 A; US 4,646,098 A). Direct measures are also known, such as the firing of such search missiles by means of weapon systems, such as machine guns, and the emission of missiles - Skyshield - against such threats. When using a stand-off jammer, the incoming radar signal is recorded and analyzed. Thereafter, a deceptive signal is transmitted (US 3,258,771 A; US 3,896,438 A; US 3,958,241 A; US 4,126,862 A; US 4,646,098 A).
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht durch die Anwendung der Tarnkappentechnologie. Hierbei werden auf den Oberflächen insbesondere der mobilen Objekte absorbierende Materialien in Dickschicht -oder Komposittechnologie aufgebracht. Bekannt sind dabei isotrope Medien und Dielektrika aus extrudierten / geschäumten Kunststoffen, Graphiten etc. (US 4,606,848 A), magnetischen Absorbern und anisotropen Medien (Ferrite) (US 3,662,387 A) oder bianisotrope, chirale Absorber (US 4,606,848), etc. Another possibility is through the use of stealth cap technology. In this case, absorbent materials are applied to the surfaces, in particular of the mobile objects, in thick-film or composite technology. Isotropic media and dielectrics of extruded / foamed plastics, graphites, etc. (US Pat. No. 4,606,848 A), magnetic absorbers and anisotropic media (ferrites) (US Pat. No. 3,662,387 A) or bianisotropic, chiral absorbers (US Pat. No. 4,606,848), etc. are known.
Nachteilig ist, dass bekannte aktive Täuschkörper in der Regel aus einer einzelnen Empfangs- und Sendeeinheit als Payload bestehen und eine Energieversorgung benötigen. The disadvantage is that known active decoys generally consist of a single receiving and transmitting unit as a payload and require a power supply.
Aus der DE 103 46 001 B4 ist ein Schiffsschutzsystem bekannt, das für das Ausbringen derartiger Wirkkörper oder Düppel verantwortlich zeigt. From DE 103 46 001 B4 a ship protection system is known, which is responsible for the application of such active body or chaff.
Aus der DE 10 2006 017 107 A ist eine Variante bekannt, bei der derartige Wirkkörper über ein Objekt ausgestoßen und vom Objekt eigenen oder einem weiteren Radar angestrahlt werden. Dadurch wird eine für den Suchkopf höhere Rückstrahlfrequenz bildende Wolke erzeugt, sodass sich dieser auf diese Wolke aufschaltet. Derartige Düppel werden als aktive Täuschkörper bezeichnet. From DE 10 2006 017 107 A a variant is known in which such active bodies are ejected via an object and illuminated by the object own or another radar. As a result, a cloud forming a higher retroreflective frequency for the seeker head is generated, so that it turns on this cloud. Such chaffs are called active decoys.
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, einen aktiven Täuschkörper aufzuzeigen, mit dem in einfacher Form eine effiziente Wirkung in Bezug auf das Flugobjekt bewirkt wird. The invention has as its object to show an active decoy, which is effected in a simple form an efficient effect with respect to the flying object.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie des Patentanspruchs 6. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgezeigt. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and of claim 6. Advantageous embodiments are shown in the subclaims.
Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, zur Ausbildung einer entsprechenden Wolke mit aktiven Täuschkörpern, jedem dieser eine Antenne sowie ein so genanntes .System on Chip' (SoC), System in Package (SiP) oder Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) mit integrierter Sende- /Empfangseinheit bevorzugt aufzudrucken. Der Aufbau ist vergleichbar mit einem RFID (radio frequency Identification) bei Abmessungen von etwa einer Chipkarte. Gegebenenfalls kann eine passende Energieversorgung auf Basis von Folien o.ä. integriert werden. Bei der Antenne selbst sollte es sich bevorzugt um eine ultrabreitbandige Antenne handeln. The invention is based on the idea to form a corresponding cloud with active decoys, each of which has an antenna and a so-called system on chip (SoC), system in package (SiP) or application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with integrated transmitter - / Receiving unit preferably imprint. The structure is comparable to an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) with dimensions of about one chip card. Optionally, a suitable power supply based on foils or similar. integrated become. The antenna itself should preferably be an ultra wideband antenna.
Ein derartiger miniaturisierter Aufbau erlaubt es, hunderte dieser aktiven Täuschkörper auszustoßen oder als Payload eines Trägers zu verwenden. Such a miniaturized structure allows hundreds of these active decoys to be ejected or used as a payload of a carrier.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass Täuschkörper mit unterschiedlichen Radarquerschnitten in eine Wolke eingebettet werden können, sodass ein variableres und größeres Spektrum als Schutzmaßnahme ergriffen und erzielt werden kann. Durch die kleinbauende Art und damit verbunden der vorliegenden Menge der Einzeltäuschkörper kann sogar eine entsprechende Silhouette des zu schützenden Objekts erzeugt werden. Zudem ist eine flache Ausbringung vor dem zu schützenden Objekt möglich. Another advantage is that decoys with different radar cross sections can be embedded in a cloud, so that a more variable and larger spectrum can be taken and achieved as a protective measure. Due to the small-sized nature and the associated amount of individual decoy, even a corresponding silhouette of the object to be protected can be generated. In addition, a flat application in front of the object to be protected is possible.
Der ankommende Flugkörper sendet nun ein Radarsignal zur Navigation und Steuerung seiner Flugbahn. Jeder der in diesem Zusammenhang ausgebrachten Täuschkörper in der Wolke empfängt dieses Signal, wertet dieses im SoC, SiP oder ASIC aus und sendet ein entsprechendes, ggf. modifiziertes zum Teil verstärktes, Täuschsignal (zurück). Auch eine Erzeugung von Dopplerfrequenzen bei schnellen Relativbewegungen oder auch andere modulierte Signalformen sind durch das SoC, SiP bzw. ASIC machbar. Durch Modifikation kann beispielsweise eine Geschwindigkeit vorgetäuscht werden. Die gesendeten Signale werden vom Radar des Flugkörpers empfangen und als ein attraktives Signal eingeschätzt (größerer Radarquerschnitt durch das Auftreten der Wolke). The incoming missile now sends a radar signal to navigate and control its trajectory. Each of the decoys in the cloud discharged in this context receives this signal, evaluates it in the SoC, SiP or ASIC and sends a corresponding, possibly modified, partially amplified, deceptive signal (back). A generation of Doppler frequencies in fast relative movements or other modulated signal forms are feasible by the SoC, SiP or ASIC. By modification, for example, a speed can be simulated. The transmitted signals are received by the radar of the missile and considered to be an attractive signal (larger radar cross-section due to the appearance of the cloud).
Der impulsartige Ausstoß und die Beschleunigungen der aktiven Täuschkörper können unter anderem durch den Abschuss von Granaten, Munition, Flugkörpern bzw. Wirkkörpern erfolgen, die die aktiven Täuschkörper definiert ausstoßen. Das Ausstoßen der Täuschkörper kann aber auch mit Hilfe von zwischengespeichertem komprimiertem Gas oder durch dauerhaftes Ausstoßen mit Gebläsen, Pumpen, Kompressoren etc. realisiert werden. Auch Federkräfte - Katapulte, Bogen etc. -oder Railguns (schlagartige elektromagnetische Umformung gespeicherter elektrischer Energie), können genutzt werden, um die Täuschkörper zu verteilen. Kombinationen der vorgenannten Varianten sind möglich. The impulsive ejection and the accelerations of the active decoys can take place, among other things, through the firing of shells, ammunition, missiles or active bodies, which eject the active decoys in a defined manner. The ejection of the decoys can also be realized with the help of cached compressed gas or by permanent ejection with blowers, pumps, compressors, etc. Spring forces - catapults, bows etc. - or railguns (abrupt electromagnetic transformation of stored electrical energy) can also be used to distribute the decoys. Combinations of the aforementioned variants are possible.
Der Vorteil liegt somit darin, dass diese Täuschkörper einen flexibleren Einsatz gegenüber Radarerkennung aufweisen, die Möglichkeit besteht, die zu schützenden Objekte in einfacher Art und Weise nachrüsten zu können bzw. die vorhandenen Ausstoßmechanismen ohne wesentliche und kostenintensive Um- /Einbauten zu nutzen. „ The advantage lies in the fact that these decoys have a more flexible use compared to radar detection, the possibility exists to be able to retrofit the objects to be protected in a simple manner and to use the existing ejection mechanisms without significant and costly conversion / installations. "
- 4 - - 4 -
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt: Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1 das Prinzip eines aktiven Täuschkörpers (Radarspoofers), 1 shows the principle of an active decoy (Radarspoofers),
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines aktiven Täuschkörpers, 2 is a schematic representation of an active decoy,
Fig. 3 eine Darstellung einer Wolke aus mehreren aktiven Täuschkörpern, 3 is a representation of a cloud of several active decoys,
Fig. 4a-c Darstellungen der Wolke in ihrer Anwendung zum Schutz verschiedener Objekte. Fig. 4a-c representations of the cloud in its application for the protection of various objects.
Fig. 1 zeigt den Prinzipschaltkreis eines so genannten Radarspoofers 1. Mit 2 ist ein Empfänger, mit 3 eine Signalverarbeitung (Verstärker -V), mit 4 ein Sender und mit 5 ein Diplexer gekennzeichnet. 2 shows a receiver, 3 a signal processing (amplifier -V), 4 a transmitter and 5 a diplexer.
Ein Eingangssignal R einer Radarquelle - hier Radarsuchkopf 10 (Fig. 4) - wird über eine Antenne 6 vom Empfänger 2 empfangen und an die Signalverarbeitung 3 gegeben. Die Signalverarbeitung 3 analysiert dieses Signal und liefert je nach Art der Täuschung ein spezifisches Signal R' an den Sender 4. Dieses wird dann über die Antenne 7 wieder zur Radarquelle 10 zurück gesendet. Bevorzugt wird eine gemeinsame Antenne 7, die durch einen Diplexer 8 der jeweiligen Einheit 2, 4 zugeschaltet wird. Ein Aufbau mit zwei oder mehreren getrennten Antennen ist ebenfalls denkbar. An input signal R of a radar source - here radar seeker 10 (FIG. 4) - is received by the receiver 2 via an antenna 6 and given to the signal processor 3. The signal processing 3 analyzes this signal and, depending on the type of deception, sends a specific signal R 'to the transmitter 4. This is then sent back to the radar source 10 via the antenna 7. Preference is given to a common antenna 7, which is switched by a diplexer 8 of the respective unit 2, 4. A structure with two or more separate antennas is also conceivable.
Es bestehen dabei mehrere Möglichkeiten der Signalbe- bzw. -Verarbeitung. Exemplarisch seien hier vier genannt. There are several possibilities of signal processing or processing. As an example, four are mentioned here.
Eine erste Möglichkeit ist die Vergrößerung des Radarquerschnitts bei CW- und Impuls- Radar. Hierbei wird das Eingangssignal R linear und verzerrungsfrei verstärkt. A first possibility is the enlargement of the radar cross section with CW and impulse radar. Here, the input signal R is amplified linearly and without distortion.
Die zweite Möglichkeit ist die Verzögerung des Radarsignals, wobei das Eingangssignal R verzögert wieder an die Quelle 10 zurück gesendet wird, sodass der Reflex später bei dieser Radarquelle 10 eintrifft. Das Ziel erscheint somit weit entfernt. The second possibility is the delay of the radar signal, wherein the input signal R is sent back delayed to the source 10, so that the reflex arrives later at this radar source 10. The destination seems far away.
Als dritte Möglichkeit stellt sich die Erzeugung einer Dopplerfrequenz bei Doppler- Radar. Aufgrund des Eingangssignals und der Geschwindigkeiten des Radarsenders 10 und eines Ziels 11 wird die Dopplerfrequenz in der Signalverarbeitung 3 ermittelt und gesendet. (Dieses Verfahren setzt ein Konditionieren des Täuschsystems (nicht näher dargestellt) mit den erforderlichen Daten voraus.) The third possibility is the generation of a Doppler frequency in Doppler radar. Due to the input signal and the speeds of the radar transmitter 10 and a Target 11, the Doppler frequency is detected in the signal processing 3 and sent. (This method requires conditioning the deception system (not shown) with the required data.)
Eine alternative vierte Möglichkeit sind Kombinationen der vorgenannten Möglichkeiten. An alternative fourth possibility are combinations of the aforementioned possibilities.
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die bevorzugte Einbindung der Radarspoofers 1 auf einem Trägersubstrat 1', wie Papier-/ Kunststofffolie. Die Antenne 7 ist in Form eines Dipols auf dem(n) Substrat (s) 1 ' aufgebracht. Alle elektronischen Baugruppen des Täuschkörpers 1 werden durch eine Energiequelle 8 versorgt. Die Energiequelle 8 kann eine Batterie, chemisch, solartechnisch oder dergleichen sein. Fig. 2 shows schematically the preferred integration of the Radarspoofers 1 on a support substrate 1 ', such as paper / plastic film. The antenna 7 is applied in the form of a dipole on the substrate (s) 1 '. All electronic assemblies of the decoy 1 are powered by a power source 8. The power source 8 may be a battery, chemical, solar technology or the like.
Die Fig. 3 stellt eine sich bildende Wolke 12 dar, die durch die Täuschkörper / Radarspoofer 1 aufgebaut wird. FIG. 3 illustrates a forming cloud 12 that is being built up by the decoys / radar spoons 1.
In den Fig. 4 a - c sind symbolhaft einige Schutzvarianten aufgezeigt. In Fig. (a) wird ein Täuschsignal R' durch Erzeugen einer Wolke 12 hinter einem Schiff 11.1 geschaffen. In Fig. (b) wird ein Fahrzeug 11.2 und Fig. (c) wird ein Flugzeug 11.3 geschützt. Nicht näher dargestellt ist der Schutz eines nicht mobilen Objektes / Gebäudes, der aber von den Anwendungen mit umfasst sind. In FIGS. 4 a - c, some protection variants are shown symbolically. In Fig. (A), a deception signal R 'is created by creating a cloud 12 behind a ship 11.1. In Fig. (B), a vehicle 11.2 and Fig. (C), an aircraft 11.3 is protected. Not shown in detail is the protection of a non-mobile object / building, but are included in the applications.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Aktive Täuschkörper (1) gegen Radarquellen (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine Antenne (6, 7), ein Empfänger (2), eine Signalverarbeitung (3) und ein Sender (4) sowie eine Energieversorgung (8) eingebunden sind. 1. Active decoys (1) against radar sources (10), characterized in that at least one antenna (6, 7), a receiver (2), a signal processor (3) and a transmitter (4) and a power supply (8) involved are.
2. Täuschkörper nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Empfänger (2) sowie der Sender (4) in ein System on Chip, System in Package oder Application Specific Integrated Circuit etc. integriert sind, das aufgedruckt werden kann. 2. decoy according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver (2) and the transmitter (4) are integrated in a system on chip, system in package or application specific integrated circuit, etc., which can be printed.
3. Täuschkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne (7) als Dipol ausgebildet ist, der als Empfängerantenne oder Sendeantenne geschaltet werden kann. 3. decoy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the antenna (7) is designed as a dipole, which can be switched as a receiver antenna or transmitting antenna.
4. Täuschkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser wenigstens einen, bevorzugt mehreren Einzel- oder Trägersubstrate (1 ) aus beispielsweise Papier-/Kunststofffolie umfasst. 4. Decoy according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one, preferably a plurality of individual or carrier substrates (1), for example, paper / plastic film.
5. Täuschkörper nach einem der Ansprüche I bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Täuschkörper (1) mit unterschiedlichen Radarquerschnitten in die Wolke (9) eingebettet sind. 5. decoy according to one of claims I to 4, characterized in that decoys (1) are embedded with different radar cross sections in the cloud (9).
6. Verfahren zum Täuschen einer Radarquelle (10) zum Schutz eines Objektes (11) mit den Täuschkörpern (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: 6. A method for deceiving a radar source (10) for protecting an object (11) with the decoys (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps:
• Ausstoßen der Täuschkörper (1),  Ejecting the decoys (1),
• Aufbauen einer Wolke (12),  Building a cloud (12),
• Auftreffen eines Eingangssignals (R), gesendet von der Radarquelle (10) auf die Täuschkörper (1),  Striking an input signal (R) sent from the radar source (10) to the decoys (1),
• Verarbeiten des Signals (R) in der Signalverarbeitung (3),  Processing the signal (R) in the signal processing (3),
• Senden eines entsprechenden Signals (R1) zur Radarquelle (10) zurück. • Send back a corresponding signal (R 1 ) to the radar source (10).
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Eingangssignal (R) linear und verzerrungsfrei verstärkt als Signal (R') zurück gesendet wird, wodurch eine Vergrößerung des Radarquerschnitts bei CW- und Impuls- Radar (10) erfolgt. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the input signal (R) linearly and without distortion amplified as a signal (R ') is sent back, whereby an enlargement of the radar cross section at CW and pulse radar (10).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Eingangssignal (R) verzögert wieder an die Quelle (10) zurück gesendet wird, sodass der Reflex später bei dieser Radarquelle (10) eintrifft und das Ziel (11) somit weit entfernt scheint. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the input signal (R) is sent back delayed to the source (10), so that the reflex later arrives at this radar source (10) and the target (11) thus far away seems.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Dopplerfrequenz in der Signalverarbeitung (3) ermittelt und gesendet wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a Doppler frequency in the signal processing (3) is detected and transmitted.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Nutzung weiterer Modulationsformen wie FM, PM, AM etc., die ermittel und gesendet werden. 10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by the use of other modulation forms such as FM, PM, AM, etc., which are determined and sent.
EP11721722.4A 2010-06-11 2011-05-26 Active decoys against radar sources, and method for protecting objects using such decoys Ceased EP2580808A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2011/002601 WO2011154099A1 (en) 2010-06-11 2011-05-26 Active decoys against radar sources, and method for protecting objects using such decoys

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