EP1845332B1 - Protective device and protective measure for a radar installation - Google Patents
Protective device and protective measure for a radar installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1845332B1 EP1845332B1 EP07005649A EP07005649A EP1845332B1 EP 1845332 B1 EP1845332 B1 EP 1845332B1 EP 07005649 A EP07005649 A EP 07005649A EP 07005649 A EP07005649 A EP 07005649A EP 1845332 B1 EP1845332 B1 EP 1845332B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radar
- arm
- decoy
- transmitters
- bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003471 anti-radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
- F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a protective device and a protective measure for a radar system on an object, in particular against an anti-radiation missile (ARM) - attack.
- ARM anti-radiation missile
- New ARMs are now prepared for this defensive method and seek their target by other means. Furthermore, they are equipped with an IR seeker, own active radar or GPS data etc. Thus, the previous strategy of avoiding emissions by switching off the radar transmitter against new ARMs is no longer sufficient.
- the invention takes on the task of demonstrating a new protective device and protective measure, with which this fact can be counteracted.
- the invention is based on the idea to combat an ARM now by active countermeasures.
- Active countermeasures may be the deployment of decoys.
- a method and apparatus for protecting military military equipment from searchers also describes the DE 101 17 007 A11.
- the aforementioned solutions relate to the familiar deception and disguise of objects which require the presence of a radar signature of a target, the radar reflection surface or a radar return cross section or other sources.
- active transmitter decoys
- These are usually very expensive and also only used once.
- these channels must be controlled so that the deception succeeds and an ARM is directed to the decoy.
- the US 4,130,059 A deals with a decoy material that contains a passive source that is physically offset / separated from the active source, but radiates frequencies that have not been transmitted by the active source, thereby creating the illusion of multiple independent sources. These decoys are deployed for protection and explode, then act according to their task as a fake target.
- the use of passive transmitters / decoys is now provided in contrast to the aforementioned solutions. It uses decoys that work according to the reflection principle.
- the own radar preferably radiates these decoys.
- the radiation reflected by the decoys in the direction of the ARM has exactly the same characteristics as the direct radiation of the radar itself. Thus, the ARM can not distinguish whether they are decoys or the right radar.
- the decoys are made of a reflective material, such as aluminum, and are stored in a container / canister. This can be brought to a predetermined height at an ARM attack and disassemble there. This forms a cloud of reflective body, which are now preferably illuminated by its own radar. The reflected radiation towards the ARM is a better target for the ARM because the signal strength is greater than that coming directly from the radar. The cloud deflects the ARM and past the target.
- a serious advantage compared to the previous protective measures is that the radar continues to operate even in the event of an attack, thereby saving important times.
- these decoys can also be used to confuse an IR seeker head. If they also reflect in the IR range, the IR signature of the environment from the decoys will be given to the seeker head of the ARM. This means that the ARM sees the IR signature of the radar twice, that of the actual radar and its mirror image. Now, working with a hot source on the radar, which can only be seen in the mirror image, the ARM is confused in addition to the radar emission by an IR illusion.
- the cloud consisting of these reflective decoys
- the ARM's own radar can be influenced, since the cloud can represent a larger object than the target and thus is more attractive to the ARM radar.
- a carrier 1 for example an aircraft, delivers an ARM 2 to a vehicle 3 with radar 4, the ARM 2 switching to the radar signal of the radar 4.
- Radar 4 may be, for example, the proprietary SKYRANGER Search Radar and Control Center.
- the search radar determines the incoming ARM and activates the countermeasure or protection measure.
- the rotating radar antenna 4. 1 is stopped and aligned opposite to the direction of flight of the ARM 2.
- the decoys 5 are thrown upwards or spent ( Fig. 2 ), which is then illuminated by its own radar 4, represents an emission source for the ARM 2, on which it is located as in Fig. 3 shown turns on to thereby fly in exactly this height at the radar 4 and thus the vehicle 3 over ( Figure 4 ).
- the decoys 5 are preferably in a container (not shown in detail) on the vehicle 3. A direct proximity to the radar 4 is preferred. This container can be brought to a predetermined height. There he is then opened so that he automatically releases the decoys 5 and they can perform their task.
- strip-shaped bodies 5 are made of conductive material and have, for example, approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic field emitted.
- the container thus releases the decoys for the protective measure.
- the bodies 5 form, for example, a half-wavelength dipole cloud / wall 6 behind the radar 4 and acts as a large scattering object 7 (FIG. Fig. 3 ).
- the radar 4 now irradiates this wall 6 (radiation 8) and the viewfinder of the ARM 2 receives this scattering (radiation 8).
- This reflected radiation (8 ') is much more interesting for the ARM 2 than the radar 4 itself, which itself does not transmit in the direction of attack ( Fig. 4 ).
- SKYRANGER determining the distance of an object passing through the atmosphere
- a passive sensor is in the DE 195 46 873 C1 described.
- the countermeasure is then activated in the manner described.
- another radar could be provided which illuminates the decoys 5. In this case, however, the actual radar 4 is to be positioned opposite the attacking ARM 2 so that it is not recognized by it as a source.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzeinrichtung sowie eine Schutzmaßnahme für eine Radaranlage auf einem Objekt, insbesondere vor einem Anti-Radiation-Missile (ARM) - Angriff.The invention relates to a protective device and a protective measure for a radar system on an object, in particular against an anti-radiation missile (ARM) - attack.
Wird eine statische und/oder mobile Radaranlage von einer ARM angegriffen, so wird in bekannter Art und Weise als Abwehrmaßnahme bisher die Radaranlage abgeschaltet. Wenn der Angriff vorbei ist, erfolgt ein erneutes Zuschalten der Radaranlage, was wiederum wichtige Zeiten im Kampfeinsatz in Anspruch nimmt.If a static and / or mobile radar system is attacked by an ARM, so far the radar system is turned off in a known manner as a defense measure. When the attack is over, the radar system is switched on again, which in turn takes up important times in combat.
Neue ARMs sind nun auf diese Abwehrmethode vorbereitet und suchen ihr Ziel mit anderen Mitteln. Dazu sind sie des Weiteren mit einem IR-Suchkopf, eigene aktive Radar oder GPS-Daten etc. ausgerüstet. Somit genügt die bisherige Strategie der Vermeidung von Emissionen durch Abschalten des Radarsenders gegen neue ARMs nicht mehr.New ARMs are now prepared for this defensive method and seek their target by other means. Furthermore, they are equipped with an IR seeker, own active radar or GPS data etc. Thus, the previous strategy of avoiding emissions by switching off the radar transmitter against new ARMs is no longer sufficient.
Hier greift die Erfindung die Aufgabe auf, eine neue Schutzeinrichtung und Schutzmaßnahme aufzuzeigen, mit denen dieser Tatsache entgegengewirkt werden kann.Here, the invention takes on the task of demonstrating a new protective device and protective measure, with which this fact can be counteracted.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie 8. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgezählt.The object is achieved by the features of
Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, eine ARM nunmehr durch aktive Gegenmaßnahmen zu bekämpfen. Aktive Gegenmaßnahmen können das Ausbringen von Täuschkörpern sein.The invention is based on the idea to combat an ARM now by active countermeasures. Active countermeasures may be the deployment of decoys.
Die Verwendung von Täuschkörpern zum Schutz von Schiffen vor endphasengelenkten Flugkörpern ist bereits aus der
Das Ziel nachbildende Täuschkörper offenbart die
Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz von mobilen militärischen Einrichtungen vor Lenksuchwaffen beschreibt auch die
Die
Als aktive Gegenmaßnahme wird daher im Gegensatz zu den vorgenannten Lösungen nunmehr die Verwendung von passiven Sendern / Täuschkörpern vorgesehen. Verwendet werden dabei Täuschkörper, die nach dem Reflexionsprinzip funktionieren. Dabei strahlt bevorzugt das eigene Radar diese Täuschkörper an. Die von den Täuschkörpern in die Richtung der ARM reflektierte Strahlung hat dabei genau dieselbe Charakteristik, wie die direkte Strahlung des Radars selbst. Somit kann die ARM nicht unterscheiden, ob es Täuschkörper sind oder das richtige Radar.As an active countermeasure, the use of passive transmitters / decoys is now provided in contrast to the aforementioned solutions. It uses decoys that work according to the reflection principle. The own radar preferably radiates these decoys. The radiation reflected by the decoys in the direction of the ARM has exactly the same characteristics as the direct radiation of the radar itself. Thus, the ARM can not distinguish whether they are decoys or the right radar.
Eine derartige Maßnahme wird mit der
Die Täuschkörper bestehen aus einem reflektierenden Material, beispielsweise Aluminium, und sind in einem Behälter / Kanister gelagert. Dieser kann bei einem ARM -Angriff in eine vorgegebene Höhe gebracht werden und sich dort zerlegen. Dabei bildet sich eine Wolke reflektierender Körper, welche nun vorzugsweise vom eigenen Radar angestrahlt werden. Die zu der ARM hin reflektierte Strahlung ist für die ARM ein besseres Ziel, da die Signalstärke größer ist, als jene, welche direkt vom Radar stammen. Die Wolke lenkt dabei die ARM ab und am Ziel vorbei.The decoys are made of a reflective material, such as aluminum, and are stored in a container / canister. This can be brought to a predetermined height at an ARM attack and disassemble there. This forms a cloud of reflective body, which are now preferably illuminated by its own radar. The reflected radiation towards the ARM is a better target for the ARM because the signal strength is greater than that coming directly from the radar. The cloud deflects the ARM and past the target.
Als Form der Täuschkörper sind unterschiedliche Varianten möglich. Mit Dipolen sind schmalbandige Streustrukturen denkbar, mit anderen Geometrien sogar breitbandige Reflexionseigenschaften erzielbar.As a form of decoys different variants are possible. With dipoles narrow-band scattering structures are conceivable, with other geometries even broadband reflection properties can be achieved.
Ein gegenüber den bisherigen Schutzmaßnahmen gravierender Vorteil ist, dass das Radargerät auch im Angriffsfall weiter arbeitet und damit wichtige Zeiten gespart werden.A serious advantage compared to the previous protective measures is that the radar continues to operate even in the event of an attack, thereby saving important times.
Zudem können diese Täuschkörper auch zur Verwirrung eines IR- Suchkopfes benutzt werden. Reflektieren diese auch im IR- Bereich, so wird dir IR- Signatur der Umgebung von den Täuschkörpern an den Suchkopf der ARM gegeben. Das bedeutet, dass die ARM die IR - Signatur des Radars zweimal sieht, die des eigentlichen Radars und dessen Spiegelbild. Wird nun mit einer heißen Quelle am Radar gearbeitet, die nur im Spiegelbild zu sehen ist, so wird die ARM zusätzlich zur Radar-Emission durch eine IR -Täuschung verwirrt.In addition, these decoys can also be used to confuse an IR seeker head. If they also reflect in the IR range, the IR signature of the environment from the decoys will be given to the seeker head of the ARM. This means that the ARM sees the IR signature of the radar twice, that of the actual radar and its mirror image. Now, working with a hot source on the radar, which can only be seen in the mirror image, the ARM is confused in addition to the radar emission by an IR illusion.
Des Weiteren kann mit der Wolke, bestehend aus diesen reflektierenden Täuschkörpern, auch das der ARM eigene Radar beeinflusst werden, da die Wolke gegenüber dem Ziel ein größeres Objekt darstellen kann und somit attraktiver für das ARM- Radar ist.Furthermore, with the cloud, consisting of these reflective decoys, also the ARM's own radar can be influenced, since the cloud can represent a larger object than the target and thus is more attractive to the ARM radar.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnungen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen beispielgebenden ARM - Angriff,
- Fig. 2
- das Ausbringen der passiven Täuschkörper,
- Fig. 3, 4
- das Aufschalten der ARM auf diese Täuschkörperwolke und Vorbeifliegen am Radar.
- Fig. 1
- an exemplary ARM attack,
- Fig. 2
- deploying the passive decoys,
- Fig. 3, 4
- engaging the ARM on this decoy cloud and flying past the radar.
In
Die sich drehende Radarantenne 4. 1 wird gestoppt und entgegengesetzt zur Flugrichtung der ARM 2 ausgerichtet. In etwa zeitgleich werden die Täuschkörper 5 in die Höhe geschleudert bzw. verbracht (
Die Täuschkörper 5 befinden sich vorzugsweise in einem Behälter (nicht näher dargestellt) am Fahrzeug 3. Eine direkte Nähe zum Radar 4 ist dabei bevorzugt. Dieser Behälter ist in eine vorgegebene Höhe verbringbar. Dort wird er dann derart geöffnet, dass er die Täuschkörper 5 automatisch freigibt und diese ihre Aufgabe wahrnehmen können.The decoys 5 are preferably in a container (not shown in detail) on the
Diese streifenförmigen Körper 5 sind aus leitendem Material gefertigt und besitzen beispielsweise ungefähr die Hälfte der Wellenlänge des emittierten elektromagnetischen Feldes.These strip-shaped bodies 5 are made of conductive material and have, for example, approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic field emitted.
Der Behälter gibt also für die Schutzmaßnahme die Täuschkörper frei. Die Körper 5 formen eine beispielsweise halbe Wellenlängen - Dipolwolke / -wand 6 hinter dem Radar 4 und agiert als großes streuendes Objekt 7 (
Unter Fahrzeug 3 werden im herkömmlichen Sinne alle Land-, Luft- oder Wasserfahrzeuge (Schiffe) zusammengefasst.Under
Es versteht sich, dass auch andere Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Entfernung eines durch die Atmosphäre fliegenden Objektes hierbei heranziehbar sind, als es vom SKYRANGER bekannt ist. Ein derartiges Verfahren beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines passiven Sensors wird in der
Claims (9)
- Protective device for a stationary and/or mobile radar (4) against an anti-radiation missile/ARM attack, wherein decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are deployed in order to decoy or jam the ARM (2), which decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are passive bodies which are illuminated by a radar and these beams are reflected by these bodies (5), characterized in that the decoy bodies (5) are thrown or deployed at approximately the same time into the air in order to form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional dipole cloud/wall (6) in the direction of flight of the ARM (2), behind the radar (4), as a large scattering object (7).
- Protective device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the decoy bodies (5) are located in a container on the vehicle (3), wherein this container can be deployed to a predetermined height where it is opened such that it automatically releases the decoy bodies (5).
- Protective device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radar which illuminates the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) is the radar (4) to be protected.
- Protective device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are located in the immediate vicinity of the radar (4).
- Protective device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are dipoles with narrowband scattering structures or broadband reflection characteristics.
- Protective device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are in the form of strips and are manufactured from conductive material, and they have approximately half the wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic field.
- Protective measure for a radar (4) against an anti-radiation missile/ARM attack, wherein decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are deployed in order to decoy or jam the ARM (2) once an approaching ARM (2) has been determined, with passive decoy bodies or transmitters (5) being deployed approximately at the same time into the air, forming a two-dimensional or three-dimensional dipole cloud/wall (6) in the direction of flight of the ARM (2) behind the radar (4) and, when illuminated by a radar, then reflecting this radiation, with the radiation (8') which is reflected by the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) in the direction of the ARM in this case having precisely the same characteristic as the direct radiation (8) of the radar (4) itself, as a result of which the ARM (2) flies past the radar (4) at precisely this height.
- Protective measure according to Claim 8, characterized in that the decoy bodies or transmitters (5) are deployed to a predetermined height with respect to the radar (4).
- Protective measure according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the radar (4) does not transmit in the attack direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006017107A DE102006017107A1 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2006-04-10 | Protective device for a stationary and/or mobile radar to protect from anti-radiation missile attack comprises a decoy body or emitter formed as passive bodies radiated by a radar and reflecting the beams from the body |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1845332A1 EP1845332A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1845332B1 true EP1845332B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Family
ID=38229293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07005649A Not-in-force EP1845332B1 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2007-03-20 | Protective device and protective measure for a radar installation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7903019B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1845332B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE482374T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102006017107A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL182450A0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
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DE102010032458A1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Active decoys against radar sources and methods of protecting objects with the aid of such decoys |
DE102011114574A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Active protection system |
DE102011120929A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Protection system, in particular for ships, against radar-directed threats |
IL217450A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2017-02-28 | Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd | Anti-rocket system |
DE102015002737B4 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2023-05-25 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for providing a decoy to protect a vehicle and/or object from radar-guided seekers |
DE102015110061A1 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2016-12-29 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | FOG EXPLOSIVE GRENADE |
EP3458801B1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2021-07-28 | Saab AB | Magazine, cartridge and method for variable projectile cluster density of a countermeasure |
CN108519585A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-09-11 | 中国北方工业公司 | Radar protection system and method |
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-
2006
- 2006-04-10 DE DE102006017107A patent/DE102006017107A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-20 DE DE502007005121T patent/DE502007005121D1/en active Active
- 2007-03-20 AT AT07005649T patent/ATE482374T1/en active
- 2007-03-20 EP EP07005649A patent/EP1845332B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-04-10 IL IL182450A patent/IL182450A0/en unknown
- 2007-04-10 US US11/783,604 patent/US7903019B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL182450A0 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
EP1845332A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
US20080148930A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
DE102006017107A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
ATE482374T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
DE502007005121D1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US7903019B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
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