EP2508835A1 - Target device - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves determining elevation angle (5) between line of sight (4) to target (2) and horizontal plane (3) by shot angle gun (9) for firing of projectiles with an approximately straight trajectory. The replacement distance is determined by correction function such as non ballistic characteristics of target distance (6). The angular difference between elevation angle and shot angle dependent correction function of target distance is determined. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) apparatus for determining equalization distance between location and point of impact of projectile; and (2) target unit such as telescopic tube.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for determining a replacement distance to be considered instead of the target distance for sighting a target with a target device of a firearm according to the preambles of claims 1, 2, 3, 17, 23 and 27.

Targeting devices, in particular riflescopes, are usually mounted on the weapon and shot in conjunction with this. Weapons are to be understood as weapons which fire a projectile under an extended or slightly curved trajectory directly onto a target. This shooting takes place at a fixed firing range of, for example, 100 m with a horizontally aligned line of sight on a target and using a typical for the weapon ammunition (laboratory). To compensate for the projectile drop in its trajectory between the firearm and the target, the barrel axis of the firearm is tilted about an attachment angle relative to the sight line of the target barrel. When firing the firearm, this attachment angle is adjusted so that the actual point of impact of the projectile coincides with the desired impact point, that is to the intended target. In the case of a real shot in practical application, deviations from these shooting conditions must be taken into account. Influencing factors that cause a change in the ballistics, for example, air pressure and temperature, the initial speed and the coefficient of resistance or ballistic coefficient of the projectile, lateral tilting of the firearm or an angle shot up or down.

The deviation in an angular shot is due to the changed direction of the projectile movement relative to the direction of the force acting on the projectile gravity. A comparison of the projectile trajectory at the angle shot with the projectile trajectory in a horizontal shot shows that the projectile trajectory is somewhat flatter with an angle shot relative to the sight line. If the line of sight or the breakpoint were to be aimed at the target as in a horizontal shot, a so-called high shot would occur. Such can be prevented by reducing the departure angle (increase), that is, the angle between the travel axis and a horizontal plane. This can be done either by reducing the attachment angle (sighting angle) or the elevation angle (terrain angle) respectively. This correction of the value of the departure angle at which the destination device relative to the destination or the correction with which the sighting line is aligned with the destination is equivalent to the consideration of a substitute distance which is used instead of the actual target distance for the sighting of the destination. This can also be expressed by the concept of equivalent horizontal distance E. This is important, for example, when using a so-called ballistic reticle (reticule), wherein in the reticle different vertical markings are provided, which correspond to different spot-shot distances. If now the aiming device is set at an angle shot, as if the target would not be in the actual distance D but in a common horizontal plane with the firearm below a target distance with a value corresponding to the equivalent horizontal distance, now also a spot shot is guaranteed , Another way of taking into account the necessary correction of the orientation of the firearm or sighting device for sighting the target is to adjust the reticle (height) of the height according to the equivalent horizontal distance over the height tower of the target device. On the other hand, modern aiming devices are known which have integrated ballistic calculators and display necessary corrections either numerically or in the form of variable breakpoints.

Common to all these possibilities is the need, by any method, to determine, as accurately as possible, the degree of correction required in an angle shot. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device, with the / in the execution of an angle shot with a firearm in a simplified manner, a high accuracy can be achieved.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

eine relative räumliche Anordnung bei einem Winkelschuss eines Schützten auf ein in erhöhter Lage angeordnetes Ziel;

Fig. 2

eine Gegenüberstellung der Trajektorien eines Geschoßes beim Anvisieren des Ziels bei einem Winkelschuss und bei einem horizontaler Schuss;

Fig. 3

ein Bild beim Blick durch eine Zieleinrichtung beim Anvisieren des Ziels gemäß Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der äquivalenten horizontalen Entfernung E mit dem Blick durch eine Zieleinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

ein Flussdiagramm der Verfahrensschritte des Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der äquivalenten horizontalen Entfernung E;

Fig. 6

das Anvisieren eines Ziels mit der Zieleinrichtung einer Schusswaffe;

Fig. 7

das Anvisieren des Ziels gemäß Fig. 6 unter Berücksichtigung der erfindungsgemäßen Korrektur.

Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:

Fig. 1

a relative spatial arrangement in the case of an angle shot of a shoot on an elevated target;

Fig. 2

a comparison of the trajectories of a projectile when aiming the target in an angle shot and a horizontal shot;

Fig. 3

an image when looking through a target device when aiming the target according to Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

a device for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E with the view through a target device according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 5

a flowchart of the method steps of the method for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E;

Fig. 6

sighting a target with the aiming device of a firearm;

Fig. 7

targeting the target according to Fig. 6 taking into account the correction according to the invention.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the various exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent separate, inventive or erfmdungsgemäße solutions.

All statements on ranges of values in objective description are to be understood as including any and all sub-ranges thereof, eg the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 ie all subareas begin with a lower one Limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, eg 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.

The Fig. 1 shows the relative spatial arrangement with an angle shot up from a guard 1 to a target 2. The target 2 is located in a relative to a shooter 1 associated horizontal plane 3 elevated position. A line of sight 4 or sight line between the shooter 1 and the target 2 accordingly includes a so-called elevation angle (terrain angle) α 5 with the horizontal plane 3. By the length of the line of sight 4 or the distance between the shooter 1 and the target 2, a target distance D 6 is further defined. When aiming the target 2 with a firearm 9 ( Fig. 2 ) Sagittarius 1 must now also consider the elevation angle α 5 in addition to the target distance D 6. However, this is not sufficiently satisfied by the fact that the shooter pivots the firearm only by the elevation angle α 5 and a target mark ( Fig. 3 ) with the goal 2, which corresponds to the value of the target distance D 6. In addition, a correction must be taken into account, which has its cause in that a trajectory 7 of a projectile is less curved at an angle shot relative to the sighting line than in a horizontal shot.

The Fig. 2 shows the trajectory 7 of a projectile when aiming the target 2 with an aiming device 8 of a firearm 9 at an angle shot upwards at the elevation angle α 5. In order to illustrate the influence of the elevation angle α 5 on the trajectory 7 is in Fig. 2 also a horizontal shot is shown on a target 2 '. It should be assumed for the sake of simplicity that the value of the target distance D 6 to the target 2 'or to the target 2 is equal to the Einschießdistanz the firearm. 9

A running axis 10 of the firearm 9 is arranged relative to the line of sight or line of sight 4 of the aiming device 8 pivoted about an attachment angle 11. This attachment angle 11 is adjusted during insertion of the firearm 9 such that the trajectory 7 'of the projectile intersects the horizontal plane 3 in the Einschießdistanz. Thus, it is just the Einschießbedingung met that the actual point of impact of the projectile coincides with the desired impact point of the arranged in the Einschießdistanz target 2 '.

The firing of the firearm 9 takes place in a customary manner in that a series of shots is carried out on a target Z located in the shooting distance. That is, the distance between the location of the shooter 1 and the mouth of the firearm 9 and the target Z is selected equal to the Einschießdistanz, which also the mouth of the firearm 9 and the target Z are in the common horizontal plane 3. If, after a shot at the target Z, a deviation of the point of impact of the projectile from the target Z is detected, then a change in the relative position between the line of sight 4 and the barrel axis 10 of the firearm 9 is made, with which it is to be achieved that the impact point of the Projectile comes to rest closer to the target Z in the execution of another shot. Such a change in the relative position of the line of sight 4 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is usually carried out by making an adjustment to a height tower 16 of the sighting device 8 or a riflescope, by the course of the line of sight 4 through the visual beam path Target device 8 is changed through. By such a change, both deviations of the impact point of the projectile from the target Z in the horizontal and in the vertical direction can be compensated. To reduce a deviation in the vertical direction, the attachment angle 11 is changed in such a setting on the height tower 16. To shoot the firearm 9, the sequence of test shots and readjustments of the relative position of the line of sight 4 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is continued until a sufficiently high accuracy is achieved.

In accordance with a generalized procedure, the firing of the firearm 9 takes place under a tilting angle inclined with respect to the horizontal plane 3 with a predefined value. This can be favorable for a firearm 9, which is regularly fired, for example, from a high seat over an otherwise level, horizontal terrain. For such an application, the firing of the firearm 9 at a preselected shoot-in angle may be done with a negative value. This is in turn carried out by continuing with the firearm 9 a series of trial shots and readjustments of the relative position of the line of sight 4 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 until a sufficiently high accuracy is achieved.

If the firearm 9 is now aimed at the target 2, which is elevated above the horizontal plane 3, and the sighting line or line of sight 4 of the aiming device 8 is directed towards the target 2, Thus, a change in the trajectory of a projectile fired with the firearm 9 projectile must be taken into account, the trajectory 7 of the projectile is now somewhat flatter relative to the line of sight, that has a lower curvature than in the case of the horizontal shot with the trajectory 7 '. The target 2 is thus missed by the trajectory 7 above. This error can be corrected by pivoting the firearm 9 slightly towards the horizontal plane 3 so that the original sighting line 4 is aligned with a point located below the target 2 and the line of sight 4 enclosing an angle with the horizontal plane 3 is smaller than the value of the elevation angle α 5. Such a correction will be described with reference to the following Fig. 3 illustrated.

In the case of the use of a firing weapon 9 which is slipped onto an insertion angle which is inclined relative to the horizontal plane 3, the angular difference between the elevation angle α 5 and the insertion angle must be taken into account for this correction or correction function instead of the elevation angle α 5.

The Fig. 3 shows an image when looking through the aiming device 8 when aiming the target 2 according to FIG Fig. 2 ,

In this embodiment, the target device 8 has a target tag assembly with a crosshair 12 and additional targets 13, 14 and 15. The arrangement of the image of the target 2 relative to the reticle 12 or the target marks 13, 14, 15 corresponds to that situation in which the above-explained correction is already taken into account. The line of sight 4 of the target device 8 - it corresponds to the crossing point of the crosshairs 12 - is aligned at a point below the target 2. Accordingly, the image of the target 2 appears above the reticle 12 - in this case, coincident with the target 13.

The picture according to Fig. 3 on the other hand can also be interpreted in connection with the execution of a horizontal shot in which the target 2 is located with the firearm 9 in the same horizontal plane 3. If, as shown, arranged above the reticle 12 target mark 13 aligned with the target 2, this can only be hit by the projectile, if its distance from the firearm 9 is smaller than the Einschießdistanz (corresponding crosshairs 12). For horizontal shots can thus target the target 13, the crosshairs 12, the target 14 and the target 15 different values of the target distance D 6 are assigned. Namely, the values of the target distance D 6 are increasing in the same order (target 13, reticle 12, target 14, and target 15). This could be done, for example, as part of a calibration of the target mark arrangement with corresponding target distances D 6.

The values of the target distance D 6 for horizontal shots assigned to the target marks 13, 14, 15 and the crosshair 12 are now also important for angle shots at an elevation angle α 5, in which they are referred to as the so-called equivalent horizontal distance E for taking account of the above-described correction of the orientation the firearm 9 or the line of sight 4 of the target device 8 are used on the target 2. In this way, instead of the value of the actual target distance D 6, the shooter 1 uses a sighting distance for sighting.

It is now crucial to be able to quantify the required correction. For this purpose, a rule of thumb known as "Rifleman's Rule" has long been known, according to which the target distance D 6 is to be multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle α 5 in order to obtain the value of the equivalent horizontal distance E. $$\mathrm{e}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{D\; x\; cos}\left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

If the target device 8 is now set at an angle shot at an elevation angle α 5 as if the target 2 were located in the same horizontal plane 3 as the firearm 9 and at the equivalent horizontal distance E, then the meeting of the target 2 (a Spot shot).

However, the calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E according to the Rifleman's Rule according to Equation 1 given above is only an approximation which gives sufficiently accurate results only at relatively short target distances D 6 and small values of the elevation angle α 5.

$$\mathrm{KF}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{KF}\left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)\mathrm{=}\cos \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

The calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E according to Equation 1 can also be interpreted as a modification of the target distance D 6 with a correction factor KF, which in the case of the Rifleman's Rule depends only on the elevation angle α 5. $$\mathrm{e}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\times }\mathrm{KF}$$

$$\mathrm{KF}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{KF}\left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)\mathrm{=}\cos \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

Ballistic programs (eg QuickTARGET, EXBAL, Sierra Infinity) as well as target devices or rangefinders with integrated ballistic computer are already known in the prior art in which environmental influences such as temperature, humidity, wind strength, to determine a correction or the correction factor KF, the air pressure, but also in particular data of the laboratory or the ammunition used are taken into account. Such devices allow the correction to be taken into account either by numerically specifying the equivalent horizontal distance E or by displaying a variable breakpoint (ie, variable targets 13, 14, 15). Thus, a correction factor KF is used, which depends on several parameters. $$\mathrm{KF}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{KF}\left(\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\alpha }\mathrm{Labotierung}...\right)$$

One possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention for determining an equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting a target 2 with a target device 8 of a firearm 9 is described with reference to FIG Fig. 4 explained. For this purpose, a device 21 for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E is provided, which is preferably equipped with a central microprocessor 22 for the automated implementation of the method. This device 21 further comprises a range finder 23 for measuring the target distance D 6 and a tilt sensor 24 for measuring the elevation angle α 5 at which the target 2 appears to the shooter 1. Based on the values for the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5, the microprocessor 22 can calculate a corresponding correction without taking into account further data. However, predefined correction factors KF can also be kept in a memory 25 for simplification and / or acceleration, so that the microprocessor 22 can perform a calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E by linking the measurement signals obtained from the range finder 23 and the inclination sensor 24. The result of the calculation is displayed on a display 26. The shooter 1 can then align the firearm 9 and the aiming device 8 to the target 2 by selecting the target corresponding to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E (in this embodiment, the aiming mark 13) or changing the attachment angle by adjusting the elevation tower according to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E and make a shot.

The device 21 for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E can be designed both as a device independent of the firearm 9 and the target device, but can alternatively also form part of the firearm 9 or the target device 8. In the latter case, the display 26 of the device 21 is preferably integrated into the beam path of the target device 8. The display 26 is superimposed in one of the image planes of the optics of the target device 8, so that the value of the calculated equivalent horizontal distance E appears to the shooter 1 in the same field of view represented by the target device 8.

According to an alternative embodiment of a combination of the device 21 with a target device 8 instead of a numerical display of the equivalent horizontal distance E on the display 26 by the microprocessor 22, the calculation of a variable breakpoint and its automated fading into the beam path of the target device 8, that is Display of a correspondingly positioned target mark 13, 14, 15. However, it is also conceivable to take into account the necessary corrector by means of an automatic (motorized) mechanical adjustment of the height tower or an adjustment of the sight line by moving an optical element in the beam path of the target device.

Another advantage is an embodiment of the target device 8, in which the rangefinder 23 is at least partially integrated into the optical beam path of the target device 8. This can be realized, for example, in that - e.g. when the range finder 23 is executed by a laser range finder - the laser beam emitted to the target 2 and / or the laser light reflected from the target 2 passes through the objective lens 8 lens.

According to the method for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E according to the present invention, the calculation thereof is based on a correction based on a value pair of a value of the target distance D 6 and a value of the elevation angle α 5. It has surprisingly been found that with a correction which is determined solely for different values of target distances D 6 and different values of elevation angles α 5, the advantages of the methods described above (namely simple and accurate) can be linked without their disadvantages (necessity of knowledge about the ballistic data of the laboratory and limitation to short distances and small elevation angles) to have to accept. A sufficiently accurate calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting the target 2 is thus possible. The method according to the invention for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E is therefore based on correction factors KF for which the following applies: $$\mathrm{KF}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{KF}\left(\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

According to a first embodiment, the following correction factor table is used. Correction Factor Table 1: α ₁ α ₂ α ₃ D ₁ KF ₁₁ KF _{12 Thirteenth} D ₂ KF ₂₁ KF ₂₂ KF ₂₃ D ₃ KF ₃₁ KF ₃₂ KF ₃₃

The assignment of correction factors KF _ij to pairs of values (D _i , α _j ) can take place, for example, after carrying out appropriate test shots.

Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of the method steps in the inventive method for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E for sighting of the target 2 with the target device 8 of the firearm 9. In a first step 31, the measurement of the target distance D 6 using the rangefinder 23. In a further method step 32, the elevation angle α 5 is determined by means of the tilt sensor 24. However, the method steps 31 and 32 can also take place simultaneously. In the case that the device 21 ( Fig. 4 ) or the firearm 9 structurally connected or integrated therein, these measurements take place in that the target device 8 is aligned with the reticle 12 to the target 2 and the shooter 1 triggers the measuring process according to the method steps 31 and 32 , Thus, due to the obtained measured values of the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5, the microprocessor 22 can automatically determine the correction in a subsequent method step 33. This is preferably done by the microprocessor 22 determining the correction factor KF corresponding to the measured values from a correction factor table. To simplify or minimize the correction factor table, it is conceivable to carry out an interpolation on the basis of the assignments of the correction factors KF (D _i , α _j ) and thus obtain the actual value obtained during the measurement Values of the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5 assign a corresponding value of the correction factor KF (D, α). In a subsequent method step 34, the calculation of the equivalent horizontal distance E is then carried out by the microprocessor 22 by multiplying the target distance D 6 by the previously determined value of the correction factor KF (D, α), so that in the subsequent method step 35 the display of this value of the equivalent horizontal distance E can be done on the display 26 of the device 21. It is then possible for the shooter 1 in a further method step 36 to target the target 2 taking into account this value the equivalent horizontal distance E and to dissolve a shot at the target 2.

According to a further embodiment variant of the method according to the invention, it is provided to use commercially available ballistic programs for determining the correction factor table. By means of commercially available ballistic software, it is possible for selectable or adjustable ammunitions or for both horizontal and angular angle parameters of the corresponding trajectories 7 and thus conditions for a spot shot, such as the attachment angle or the necessary adjustment of the height tower of the target device 8 to calculate. A result of such a calculation is also the determination of the equivalent horizontal distance E. Examples of such commercial ballistic programs are QuickTARGET by H. Brömel - DE, EXBAL by Perry Systems - USA or Sierra Bullets Infinity Exterior Ballistics Software by Sierra - USA.

The evaluation of ballistic calculations with commercial ballistic programs also allows the determination of correction factors for different types of laboratory work or ammunition (see Equation 4). According to this exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is now provided that to determine the values of the correction factors KF (D _i , α _j ) of the correction factor table with a ballistic program, values of the correction factor KF are calculated from data from the ammunition measurement and an average value from correction factors KF is formed in each case different laboratory conditions. The elements KF _{ij of} the correction factor table thus form a two-dimensional matrix, these correction factors KF _ij = KF (D _i , α _j ) compute to: $${\mathit{KF}}_{\mathit{ij}}=\frac{1}{n}{\displaystyle \underset{\mathit{i}=1}{\overset{n}{\Sigma }}}\mathit{KF}\left(D_i{\alpha }_j{\mathit{Component\; assembly}}_i\right)$$

In the example now described for determining a correction factor table, the ballistic software QuickTARGET was used and the trajectories 7 for three different ammunitions or laborations respectively at elevation angles α 5 with values of 15 ° and 35 ° and thus correction factors KF _ij for determining the equivalent horizontal distance E calculated. The calculations were carried out on the basis of the three ammunitions and / or laboratory tests as indicated in the table below. In the column BC, the ballistic coefficient and in the column v _0, the muzzle velocity (exit velocity) of the projectile in m / s (meter / second) is given. description BC v ₀ [m / s] .308 WIN HMK 0,356 780 .300 WIN MAG 0.421 935 7x57 R TMR 0,255 780

After determining the values of the correction factors KF (D _i , α _j , Laboratory ₁ ), after application of Equation 6, that is by averaging, the elements KF _{ij of} the correction factor table were determined as shown in the table below. Correction Factor Table 2: 10 ° 30 ° D [m] 100 0.986 0.876 200 0.987 0.884 300 0,989 0,893 400 0.990 0.902 500 0.991 0.910

For the application of the method according to the invention, it is sufficient to store the correction factor table thus obtained in the memory 25 of the device 21 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) or for the determination of the equivalent horizontal distance E ready to keep. It has surprisingly been found that equivalent horizontal distances E can be determined using a correction factor table in which the correction factors KF are dependent only on the target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5. This is the case, although the trajectories of the projectile, that is to say the trajectories 7, are relatively strongly dependent on the data of the laboratory of the different ammunition. The assays / ammunition selected in this example include a relatively wide range of assays and provide an average of very different types of ammunition from the determined correction factors KF _ij . Thus, the .300 WIN MAG has a very flat trajectory 7 and is thus suitable for long shots. In contrast, the 7x57 R TMR has a relatively strongly curved trajectory 7 and is thus suitable only for short target distances D 6. The Laborierung .308 WIN HMK is finally settled between the first two.

In general, the ammunitions or laboratories used in this exemplary embodiment are those with a very flat trajectory or trajectory 7 'of the projectile, as used for direct firing or direct fire. Characteristic of these ammunition is a high number of razors. That is, in the execution of a horizontal shot, high values of the quotient result from the target distance D 6 and the distance between the trajectory peak of the trajectory 7 'and the line of sight 4' (FIG. Fig. 2 ). The method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for ammunition and direct-shot laboratory tests with a number of rasts having a value in the range greater than 100, preferably with a value in the range greater than 300.

According to a further embodiment variant of the method according to the invention, it is provided to apply a weighted mean value formation in contrast to the averaging according to equation 6. For this purpose, contributions of laborations with a flatter trajectory 7 for larger shot ranges, or contributions from laboratories with a high number of ransas are preferably weighted higher, and contributions from laborations with a more curved trajectory 7, or less weighted with a smaller number of ransas.

Based on the representations in the 6 and 7 the execution of an angle shot using the method according to the invention is described in more detail.

The presentation of the Fig. 6 shows the sighting of the target 2 with the target device 8 at - after the shooting of the weapon 9 unchanged - relative position of the line of sight 4 through the Visual beam path of the target device 8 relative to the barrel axis 10 of the firearm 9. As described above in the description of Fig. 2 has already been carried out, results in this situation, a change in Trajekotrie 7 of the projectile towards a relative to the line of sight 4 slightly flatter trajectory and the target 2 would be missed above. According to the method, no shot is fired at the target 2 in this situation, but instead by the shooter 1, the device 21 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) while keeping the reticle 12 aligned with the target 2. Thus, the measurement of the target distance D 6 by the rangefinder 23 and the measurement of the elevation angle α 5 is triggered by the tilt sensor 24. On the basis of the measured values obtained in the process, microprocessor 22 of device 21 then determines the equivalent horizontal distance E, which is finally displayed on display 26. In case of using a sight with multiple targets 13, 14, 15 as in Fig. 4 Sagittarius 1 will now select the target corresponding to the displayed equivalent horizontal distance E. This is equivalent to the selection of a different from the line of sight 4, new sighting line 41, which includes a relative to the attachment angle 11 smaller angle 42 with the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9.

The shooter 1 now has the ability to align the sighting line 42 on the target 2 out. For this purpose, the weapon 9 is pivoted so far by the shooter 1 that the sighting line 41 forms the new line of sight on the target 2, whereby the trajectory of the projectile according to the trajectory 7 changes to the target 2 out. The barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is thus in Fig. 7 opposite the position in Fig. 6 pivoted at an angle corresponding to the difference between the attachment angle 11 and the new attachment angle 42.

According to an alternative embodiment, the adjustment of the alignment of the firearm 9 to the target 2 out by an adjustment by means of an adjustment of the height tower 16 of the target device 8. The relative position between the line of sight 4 of the target device 8 and the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 is thereby achieved a direct change of the attachment angle 11 by means of the height tower 16. That is, for the sighting of the target 2 in both situations, the same reticle 12 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) is aligned with the objective 2. As a consequence, also in this variant of the method, the weapon 9 is rotated by an angle corresponding to the value of the difference between the original attachment angle 11 and the new modified attachment angle 42 by the shooter 1 pivoted to hit the target 2 safely when making a shot. The described adjustment to the height tower 16 for changing the relative position between the line of sight 4 passing through the visual beam path of the aiming device 8 and the running axis 10 of the weapon 9 can be done manually by the shooter 1, but advantageously automatically, for example by an electromotive adjustment , executed.

The required correction when sighting a target 2 when executing an angle shot is thus feasible by a method for determining a replacement distance between a location of a shooter 1 and a point of impact of a projectile in the horizontal plane 3. The replacement distance is taken into account instead of the target distance D 6 when sighted by the shooter 1. This requires first a shooting of the weapon 9, wherein the relative position of the line of sight 4 is set by the visual beam path of the target device 8 and the rifle scope relative to the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 so that for a predeterminable projectile and a predetermined Einschießdistanz for horizontal shots a desired high accuracy is achieved. When making an angular sweep, the target distance D 6 between the location and the target 2, which are arranged on the line of sight 4, and the elevation angle α 5, which is enclosed by the line of sight 4 with the horizontal plane 3, are then determined. Then, based on exclusively on non-ballistic characteristics, such as the determined target distance D 6 and the elevation angle α 5, a correction function is determined. By applying the correction function to the measured value of the target distance D 6, the value of a replacement distance in a horizontal plane 3 is then determined. This value of the equivalent distance is then used to change the relative position between the line of sight 4 and the barrel axis 10 of the weapon 9 by the difference of the previously determined target distance and the determined replacement distance. The correction function is preferably realized by correction factors KF from a correction factor table, in which a value of the correction factor KF is assigned to a value pair of a value of the target distance D 6 and a value of the weft angle α 5.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the method and the device for determining an equivalent horizontal distance, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather also various combinations of the individual Embodiment variants are mutually possible and this possibility of variation due to the doctrine of technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field expert. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.

For the sake of organization, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the construction of the apparatus for determining an equivalent horizontal distance, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

Above all, the individual in the Fig. 1, 2, 3 . 4, 5 . 6 and 7 shown embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Sagittarius

2

aim

3

WL

4

line of sight

5

Elevation angle □

6

Target distance D

7

trajectory

8th

aimer

9

firearm

10

Wheel shaft

11

top angle

12

crosshairs

13

target

14

target

15

target

16

tower height

17

18

19

20

21

contraption

22

microprocessor

23

rangefinder

24

tilt sensor

25

Storage

26

display

27

28

29

30

31

step

32

step

33

step

34

step

35

step

36

step

37

38

39

40

41

line of sight

42

angle

Claims (16)

Method for determining a replacement distance to be considered in place of the target distance D (6) when aiming a target (2) with a target distance D (6) and an elevation angle α (5) between a line of sight (4) to the target (2) and a horizontal plane ( 3) having a weapon (9) which is fired at an entry angle deviating from the elevation angle α (5) for firing projectiles with an approximately elongated trajectory, characterized in that the substitute distance is determined by means of an exclusively non-ballistic characteristic and at least the target distance D (6 ) and the angular difference between the elevation angle α (5) and the insertion angle dependent correction function from the target distance D (6) is determined. Method according to Claim 1, having a gun (9) inserted in the horizontal. Method for determining a replacement distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a horizontal plane (3) common to the location, in which a target distance D (6) between the location and a destination (2) arranged on a line of sight (4) are determined, and in which a height angle α (5), which is enclosed by the line of sight (4) with the horizontal plane (3) is determined, characterized in that a correction function exclusively of non-ballistic characteristics, as at least the target distance D (6) and the elevation angle α (5), determined and thus the target distance D (6) for determining the equivalent distance in the horizontal plane (3) is changed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of strokes of the projectile has a value greater than 100. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as equivalent distance an equivalent horizontal distance E is determined by applying the correction function to the target distance D (6), one value pair (D _i , α _j ) of a value of the target distance D (6 ) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) is assigned a value for the amount of correction. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a correction factor KF is used as the correction function, the equivalent horizontal distance E being calculated by multiplying the target distance D (6) by the correction factor KF. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a value of a correction factor KF (D, α) to a value pair (D, α) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) by interpolation based correction factor KF _{ij of} the correction factor table is calculated, wherein in the correction factor table, a value for the amount of correction is respectively assigned to a value pair (Di, αj) of a value of the target distance D (6) and a value of the elevation angle α (5) is. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to determine the values of the correction factor KF _{ij of} the correction factor table with a ballistics program, values of the correction factor KF are calculated from data of the ammunition of ammunition and an average of values of correction factors KF in each case different types of laboratory tests. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a weighted averaging is applied and the weighting depends on the target distance D (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a weighted averaging is applied and the weighting depends on the number of rotations of the projectile. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weighted averaging contributions of high-ranked laboratory weights are weighted higher and contributions of relatively small numbers of roughnesses are weighted less. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the correction also environmental parameters, in particular air pressure, humidity or temperature, are taken into account. Device (21) for determining a replacement distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a common horizontal plane (3) for sighting a target (2) for an angle shot with an elevation angle α (5) with a display (26) for a value of the equivalent distance, characterized in that the device (21) comprises a range finder (23) for measuring a target distance D (6) and an inclination sensor (24) for measuring the height angle α (5) between a line of sight (4) to the target (2) and the horizontal plane (3), and that it comprises a microprocessor (22) adapted to calculate the equivalent distance by applying a correction function to the target distance D (6), the microprocessor (22) having a value for the extent of the correction function takes from a memory (25), wherein in each case a value pair (D _i , α _j ) of a value of the target distance D _i (6) and a value of the elevation angle α _j (5) is a value is assigned for the extent of the correction function. Device (21) according to claim 13, characterized in that the rangefinder (23) comprises a laser rangefinder. Targeting device (8), in particular a telescopic sight, with a device (21) for determining a replacement distance to be considered in place of the target distance D (6) for sighting a target (2) with the aiming device (8) of a firearm (9) according to one of Claims 17 to 22, characterized in that a display (26) of the device (21) for a value of the substitute distance when sighting for a shooter (1) is visible. Method for determining a replacement distance between a location and a point of impact of a projectile in a horizontal plane (3) according to Claim 2 with a sighting telescope (8) mounted on the weapon (9), characterized in that a relative position of a line of sight (4) through the visual Beam path of the riflescope (8) relative to a running axis (10) of the weapon (9) at a predeterminable projectile on a predeterminable Einschießdistanz between the location and the point of impact of the projectile in the horizontal plane (3) is injected, whereupon the determined relative position between the line of sight (4) and the barrel axis (10) is detected and the target distance D (6) between the location and the destination (2), which are arranged on the line of sight (4) is determined and the elevation angle α (5), which is enclosed by the line of sight (4) with the horizontal plane (3) is determined, and with the correction function, the target distance D (6) to set the substitute distance in the horizontal plane (3) is changed and the relative position between the line of sight (4) and the running axis (10) by the difference of the predetermined target distance D (6) and the determined equivalent distance is adjusted.

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