EP2307203B1 - Security document comprising an optical waveguide - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a valuable and/or security document comprising a document body (13), which comprises a laminate which is formed from a plurality of substrate layers (1, 1', 1'", 1"", 7-10) and in which a light-guiding structure is formed, wherein the light-guiding structure is a printed structure (2, 2', 2'") printed onto one of the substrate layers (1, 1', 1'", 1"", 7-10). The invention furthermore relates to a method for verifying the valuable and/or security document with regard to its authenticity and/or intactness in respect of manipulations and/or falsifications, and to a device for verifying such a valuable and/or security document and an assistance device for assisting the verification of a valuable and/or security document.

Description

The invention relates to a value and / or security document, comprising a document body, which comprises a laminate formed from a plurality of substrate layers, in which a Lichtleitstruktur is formed. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a value and / or security document. The manner of embodiment of the optical waveguide structure constitutes a security feature for the value and / or security document. The invention further relates to a method for verifying the value and / or security document with regard to its authenticity and / or integrity against manipulation and / or falsification an apparatus for verifying such a value and / or security document and an assistance device for aiding the verification of a value and / or security document.

Technical field of the invention

Security and / or security documents have security features that make it difficult or even impossible to imitate, forge or falsify the security and / or value document. The prior art discloses a large number of such security features. A part of the security features is characterized by how they influence an interaction of the value and / or security document with electromagnetic radiation, in particular light in the visible wavelength range. It is known, for example, to integrate diffractive structures, which may be formed, for example, as holograms, into the value and / or security document. Inhaled light is diffracted by such a diffractive structure. A resulting diffraction pattern is compared with an expected diffraction pattern to verify the value and / or security feature or value and / or security document.

Likewise, it is known to integrate luminescent substances, for example fluorescent colors, into security documents, so that triggering of a luminescence in the security and / or security document can be triggered.

Furthermore, it is known in the art to use properties of light transmission as security features. By way of example, there may be mentioned transparency that consists of two mutually corresponding structures, which are arranged on different sides of a translucent layer in the security document and complement each other when the document is scanned to form a pattern.

From the JP 2007203568 A When a display and a display unit are known, what is provided is a display body comprising a surface-relief type diffraction grating or hologram which hardly causes a color change or clouding of an image. As a result, a stable view of a multi-colored image is possible, which allows use for counterfeit defense. The display body is plate-like formed with a plurality of planar optical fiber body, which are laminated together. The front and / or the back of the planar portion of each optical fiber body are provided with a surface relief diffraction grating or hologram. As a result, light is coupled out of the planar light guide bodies.

From the US 2004/0229022 A1 For example, there is known a validator which comprises at least one specular reflective layer, markers on the reflective layer, a polymeric protective layer overlying the markers, and a polymeric layer on the opposite side of the reflective layer, the markings being formed by a thermal transfer printing process.

From the EP 1 780 041 A2 For example, a security substrate is known that includes a support having a front side extending from a first edge to a second edge opposite the first edge and having a back opposite the front side, and wherein the front side and the back side are arranged to one another Form light guide. The security substrate further comprises a luminescent label disposed in the carrier between the front and the back and between the first and second edges such that luminescence of the security label is directed through the optical fiber to at least one of the first and second edges. so that a verification of the security document can be carried out by reading out the luminescence light stimulated by the front or the back at the edges.

A value and / or security document in which the light guide property is realized by the interfaces of the document body or carrier, have the disadvantage that the Liehtleitereigenschaften are adversely affected by contamination of the surfaces and / or printing of information, since the colorant and / or dirty cells represent scattering centers for the light conducted in the document and lead to an outcoupling of the light at the surface.

Technical problem of the invention

The invention is based on the technical problem of providing an improved value and / or security document which uses a light guide as a security feature, but is insensitive to surface treatment, for example printing, and offers greater security against counterfeiting. Furthermore, an improved method is provided and a device and an assistance device for verifying such a value and / or backup document needed.

Broad features of the invention

To solve the technical problem, it is provided to introduce into the security and / or security document an independently formed light guide structure, which is applied by printing to a substrate layer which is laminated with other substrate layers to a document body of a security and / or security document. In particular, a value and / or security document comprising a document body is proposed, which comprises a laminate formed from a plurality of substrate layers, in which a light guide structure is formed, wherein the light guide structure is a printed structure printed on one of the substrate layers. Such a security and / or security document is obtained by a method for producing a security and / or security document, which comprises the steps of: providing substrate layers; Gathering the substrate layers into a substrate layer stack in which the substrate layers overlap one another; Laminating the substrate layers by applying heat and pressure to a document body in which a Lichtleitstruktur is formed, characterized in that on one of the substrate layers before lamination, the Lichtleitstruktur is printed in the form of a print pattern.

A security and / or security document having such a security feature can be verified by a method comprising the steps of: coupling light into the light guiding structure of the document body, spatially resolved sensing of the guided in the light guiding structure and coupling areas on one or more side surfaces Connecting top and bottom, escaping light and comparing a light exit pattern derived from the spatially resolved detected escaping light with an expected pattern. This means that a structuring of the optical waveguide, ie the optical waveguide structure, defines a characteristic light emission pattern. In the case of a card-shaped document body, the light-guiding structure is printed flat on one of the substrate layers. A structure of the light guide structure defines a light exit at edges of the document body. An apparatus for verifying the security feature of a value and / or security document formed by the light guide structure comprises an excitation source for effecting coupling of light into the light guide structure of the document body, a detection unit for spatially resolved detection of the guided in the light guide structure and coupling areas on one or more Side surfaces connecting a top and a bottom, exiting light, and a comparison unit for comparing a light emission pattern derived from the spatially resolved detected outgoing light with an expected pattern.

An apparatus for supporting the verification of a security document merely comprises an excitation source for coupling the light into the light guiding structure of the document body. Detection of a light emission pattern in such an embodiment is performed by a human observer, who compares the observed light emission pattern to an expected light emission pattern for verification.

The invention makes use of the fact that the printing structure has a refractive index which is different from the refractive index (s) of the surrounding material or materials. The light guiding structure is arranged between two of the substrate layers. A major advantage of the manufacturing method is that the optical waveguide structure can be printed by printing on one of the substrate layers before lamination. This makes it possible to print a variety of structures.

definitions

As the ink or ink, any printable composition or material is considered as defined herein. This means that any composition or material that is printed on a substrate layer surface will be a (printed) ink or ink. A resulting ink layer or ink layer constitutes a print layer. It does not necessarily have to have a perceivable color to the human observer. A transparent print layer is therefore in this sense also a color layer. A structured printing layer in turn represents a printing structure.

A light guide structure is a structure capable of guiding electromagnetic radiation, preferably light in the visible wavelength range, due to total reflection at an interface of the light guide structure.

Luminescent substances are materials or substances which, upon excitation of an atomic or molecular excited state, emit electromagnetic energy Radiation, preferably in the visible wavelength range in a low-energy state. Even more complex electronic transitions with the emission of photons are considered here as luminescence processes. Depending on the physical and / or chemical processes different luminescence processes are distinguished. In the context of the described here, it does not matter which luminescence process the luminescent substance uses. For example, these can be electroluminescence, cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, in particular fluorescence or phosphorescence or also more-photon processes (eg so-called upconversion processes), chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, triboluminescence, thermoluminescence, sonoluminescence, radioluminescence and piezo luminescence.

Preferred embodiments

The printing-technical application of the light guiding structure or of the pressure structure which forms the light guiding structure can be carried out by means of any printing method, for example high pressure, planographic printing, throughprint, gravure printing or particularly preferably by means of digital printing, for example by means of an inkjet printing.

As ink or color, preparations are used which produce a printing layer with a high refractive power, ie a high refractive index. In a preferred embodiment, the light guiding structure is printed with an ink or ink comprising particles of a material having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the materials adjacent to the light guiding structure, the particles having an average diameter smaller than half Wavelength of a radiation provided for the light pipe, preferably less than one fifth of this wavelength, and more preferably less than one-tenth of this wavelength. Particularly suitable as particles are metal chalcogenides, for example metal oxides, preferably titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, metal sulfides, for example zinc sulfide, but also diamond, in each case in nanoscale form. A substance, which is present in nanoscale form, consists of particles whose particle distribution in the grain size range between 1 and 100 nm. Also conceivable are amorphous material forms, in particular high-index (lead) glasses. The printing structure which forms the light guiding structure becomes in the document body, which has an upper side and a lower side and one or more side surfaces connecting the upper side and the lower side printed so printed on the one substrate layer that the Lichtleitstruktur in the finished document body comprises a plurality of coupling regions, which are each formed along the one or more side surfaces of the document body and separated from each other, via coupling regions light, in the Lichtleitstruktur total reflection at interfaces the light guiding structure is passed, one and / or can be coupled out.

In a preferred embodiment, the light guide structure is formed so that when light is coupled into at least one of the coupling regions, this light is conducted via a light guide in the light guide structure to one or more other coupling regions. It is preferably provided that the light is conducted to a plurality of coupling regions. Since these are formed separately from each other along the side surfaces or the side surfaces of the document body, the light coupled into the light guide exits the light guide structure and the document body at different locations. This results in a light emission pattern, which is characteristic for the structure of the light guide structure. Thus, it is possible to encode information about the structuring of the optical waveguide structure into the value and / or security document. Such a coding is preferably carried out in an individualizing, preferably personalizing manner.

An individualizing information is information that makes two otherwise identical objects distinguishable. An individualizing information in the field of value and / or security documents is, for example, a serial number. An individualizing information that encodes information associated with a person to whom the security document is associated is referred to as personalizing information. As personalizing information are merely exemplified a name, a date of birth, a first name, a place of birth, a place of residence, a height, an eye color, biometric information such as a face image and / or a fingerprint or iris pattern, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the light guiding structure is thus structured such that it has information about a number of coupling regions, positioning of the coupling regions, relative distances of the coupling regions from one another and / or their respective extent along the one or more side surfaces, preferably an individualizing or personalizing one Information encoded in the document body or will. In order to minimize light conduction losses at the boundary surfaces of the light guide structure, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the light guide structure is surrounded by transparent material. In this case, a material thickness is desirable, which preferably carries about one wavelength, particularly preferably a multiple of the wavelength of the light conducted via the light guide structure. Typically, material thicknesses of a few micrometers are sufficient for visible light.

In order to be able to apply the optical waveguide structure to a printed substrate layer surface which is already printed with opaque or transparent or translucent colors, it is provided in one embodiment that initially a transparent ink layer or printing layer is printed. On the transparent printing layer, which has a low refractive index, then the printing layer forming the light guiding structure can then be printed. Likewise, the patterned printed layer, which forms the optical waveguide structure, can be overprinted with a transparent, low-refractive-index print layer in order to preclude the adverse effects of a substrate layer arranged thereon in the document body, for example printed on it.

In order to obtain a higher thickness of material perpendicular to the substrate layer surface on which the light guiding structure is printed, the light guiding structure is printed in several layers in some embodiments. With a suitable choice of the high-index ink or ink forming the optical waveguide structure, a monolithic optical waveguide structure is formed even in the case of a construction comprising a plurality of printed layers. This means that there are no boundaries between the separately applied portions of the optical waveguide structure.

The light guiding structure is structured into several strands which each begin at a coupling region. The optical waveguide structure comprises a strand beginning at one of the coupling regions, which branch branches off into a plurality of further strands, each terminating at one of the plurality of coupling regions. This pressure structure or light guiding structure is designed so that coupling of light is possible at the coupling region on which the branching strand begins, which is then conducted to the multiple coupling regions at which the multiple strands terminate.

In order to ensure that light incident between two strands at an acute angle on an interface of the light guide structure, which leaves one strand, can not couple into an adjacent strand, in one embodiment it is provided that between at least two of the further strands an opaque release structure is formed in the printing plane. This release structure can also be applied by printing. In such an embodiment as well, a transparent material is arranged in each case between the separating structure and the strands in a preferred embodiment.

A coupling of light into the optical waveguide structure can take place, on the one hand, via coupling in of an external light source via a coupling region on the one or one of the several lateral surfaces into the optical waveguide structure.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the printing structure comprises at least one luminescent substance. A coupling of light can thus take place via an excitation of the luminescence. The luminescent substance can be any luminescent substance that can be integrated into the ink or ink by printing technology, which is used to form the printing structure that forms the light-guiding structure. Of these, particular preference is given to luminescent substances which have electroluminescence and photoluminescence.

Excitation of the luminescence can take place over the entire surface. However, decoupling of the light preferably takes place from the coupling regions, since the light is conducted via light conduits to these regions. In order to prevent leakage of light from the top and / or bottom of the document body, it is provided in some embodiments that between the top and the light guide structure and / or the underside of the document body and the light guide structure is arranged in each case an opaque element. This means that between the upper side of the document body and the light guide structure, an opaque element and / or between the underside of the document body and the Lichtleitstruktur another opaque element are arranged. The opaque element and / or the further opaque element may each be a printing layer or also an opaque substrate layer or another element introduced into the security and / or security document, for example a metallized region.

In other embodiments, it is provided that the printing structure is produced from a plurality of sections which are coupled to one another in a light-conducting manner. In this case, it is preferably provided that the pressure structure comprises mutually coupled sections, some of which comprise luminescent substances and others are free of luminescent substances. In such an embodiment, upon local excitation, occurrence of the luminescence, i. a coupling of light in Lichtleitstruktur, depending on the excitation site. If a portion of the optical waveguide structure is excited in which luminescent substances are integrated, a luminescence occurs which can be perceived as a light emission pattern at the coupling regions. On the other hand, when a portion that does not contain luminescent substances is excited, no leaking light is observed.

In one embodiment of the device according to the invention for verifying a value and / or security document, the detection unit is designed to be movable relative to the document body in order to detect a light exit locally along the one or more side surfaces. In another embodiment, the detection unit may comprise a plurality of detection elements coupled to one another, which at the same time can detect a light emission at different locations of the one of the several side surfaces. In embodiments where value and / or security documents are to be verified with light guide structures comprising different portions that are partially luminescent and partially non-luminescent, the excitation source is movable relative to the document body. Alternatively, the excitation source may comprise a plurality of excitation elements.

Preferably, the excitation source is designed as a UV light source. However, other embodiments may provide other sources of excitation, each of which, adapted to the respective luminescent substances, can make an excitation for them. In order to ensure a reliable positioning of the coupling regions relative to an excitation source and the detection unit and optionally different detection elements, the excitation source is rigidly mounted relative to a guide into which the document body is insertable and defined relative to the excitation source positionable. In such a case, preferably, the detection unit is also rigidly fixed relative to this guide.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the excitation of the luminescence is performed locally and that the resulting light emission pattern is evaluated as a function of the excitation location. In yet other embodiments, it is provided that the excitation location of the locally induced excitation of the luminescence is varied and the resulting light exit pattern sequence is evaluated.

In principle, all polymer layers which are customarily used in the field of security and / or value documents can be used as materials for the substrate layers. The polymer layers can, identically or differently, be based on a polymer material from the group comprising PC (polycarbonate, especially bisphenol A polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers), PE (polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PI (polyimide or poly-trans-isoprene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers of such polymers. Preference is given to the use of PC materials, whereby, for example, but by no means necessarily, also so-called low-T _g materials can be used, in particular for a polymer layer on which a printing layer is applied, and / or for a polymer layer which is coated with a polymer layer, which carries a printing layer, is connected on the side with the printing layer. Low-T _g materials are polymers whose glass transition temperature is below 140 ° C.

It is preferred if the base polymer of at least one of the polymer layers to be joined contains identical or different mutually reactive groups, wherein react at a laminating temperature of less than 200 ° C reactive groups of a first polymer layer with each other and / or with reactive groups of a second polymer layer. As a result, the lamination temperature can be lowered without jeopardizing the intimate bond of the laminated layers. In the case of various polymer layers having reactive groups, this is due to the fact that the various polymer layers can no longer be readily delaminated due to the reaction of the respective reactive groups. Because there is a reactive coupling between the polymer layers, as it were a reactive lamination. Furthermore, due to the lower lamination temperature, it is possible to prevent a change in a colored printing layer, in particular a color change, from being prevented. It is advantageous if the glass transition temperature T _{g of} the at least one Polymer layer before thermal lamination is less than 120 ° C (or less than 110 ° C or less than 100 ° C), wherein the glass transition temperature of this polymer layer after thermal lamination by reacting reactive groups of the base polymer of the polymer layer to each other by at least 5 ° C. , preferably at least 20 ° C, is higher than the glass transition temperature before the thermal lamination. In this case, not only is a reactive coupling of the layers to be laminated together carried out, but rather an increase in the molecular weight and thus in the glass transition temperature takes place by crosslinking of the polymer within the layer and between the layers. This complicates delamination in addition, especially as in a manipulation attempt, the high delamination temperatures necessary, for example, the colors irreversibly damaged and the document is thereby destroyed. Preferably, the lamination temperature when using such polymer materials less than 180 ° C, more preferably still less than 150 ° C. The choice of suitable reactive groups is readily possible for a person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry. Exemplary reactive groups are selected from the group comprising - CN, -OCN, -NCO, -NC, -SH, -S _x, -Tos, -SCN, -NCS, -H, epoxy (-CHOCH _2), -NH ₂ , -NN ⁺ , - NN-R, -OH, -COOH, -CHO, -COOR, -Hal (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), -Me-Hal (Me = at least divalent metal, for example, Mg), -Si (OR) ₃ , -SiHal ₃ , -CH = CH ₂ , and -COR ", where R" can be any reactive or non-reactive group, for example -H, -Hal, C ₁ - C ₂₀ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ aryl, C ₄ -C ₂₀ aralkyl, in each case branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, or corresponding heterocycles having one or more identical or different heteroatoms N, O, or S. Other reactive groups are of course possible. These include the reaction partners of the Diels-Alder reaction or a metathesis. The reactive groups may be attached directly to the base polymer or linked to the base polymer via a spacer group. Suitable spacer groups are all spacer groups known to the person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry. The spacer groups may also be oligomers or polymers which impart elasticity, whereby a risk of breakage of the security and / or value document is reduced. Such elasticity-promoting spacer groups are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further described here. By way of example only, spacer groups may be mentioned which are selected from the group comprising - (CH ₂ ) _n -, - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _n -, - (SiR ₂ O) _n -, - (C ₆ H ₄ ) _n -, - (C ₆ H ₁₀ ) _n -, C ₁ -C _n -alkyl, -C ₃ -C _{(n + 3)} -aryl, -C ₄ -C _{(n + 4)} -ArAlkyl, each branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, or corresponding heterocycles having one or more, identical or different heteroatoms O, N, or S, where n = 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10. With regard to further reactive groups or possibilities of modification, reference is made to the reference " Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ", Wiley Verlag, electronic edition 2006 , referenced. The term "base polymer" in the context of the above statements designates a polymer structure which does not bear any groups reactive under the lamination conditions used. These may be homopolymers or copolymers. There are also modified polymers compared to said polymers.

In order to achieve a high refractive index of an ink or ink, they are preferably added to 10% to 90%, more preferably 30% to 70% by volume of particles of a material having a high refractive index. As materials are, for example, titanium dioxide or zirconium dioxide and other metal oxides.

• worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Halogen, bevorzugt Chlor oder Brom, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-Aryl, bevorzugt Phenyl, und C₇C₁₂-Aralkyl, bevorzugt Phenyl-C₁-C₄-Alkyl, insbesondere Benzyl sind;
• m eine ganze Zahl von 4 bis 7, bevorzugt 4 oder 5 ist; R³ und R⁴ für jedes X individuell wählbar, unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl ist; X Kohlenstoff und n eine ganze Zahl größer 20 bedeuten, mit der Maßgabe, dass an mindestens einem Atom X, R³ und R⁴ gleichzeitig Alkyl bedeuten. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn an 1 bis 2 Atomen X, insbesondere nur an einem Atom X, R³ und R⁴ gleichzeitig Alkyl sind. R³ und R⁴ können insbesondere Methyl sein. Die X-Atome in alpha-Stellung zu dem Diphenyl-substituierten C-Atom (C1) können nicht dialkylsubstituiert sein. Die X-Atome in beta-Stellung zu C1 können mit Alkyl disubstituiert sein. Bevorzugt ist m = 4 oder 5. Das Polycarbonatderivat kann beispielsweise auf Basis von Monomeren, wie 4,4'-(3,3,5-trimethylcydohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenol, 4,4'-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenol, oder 4,4'-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentan-1,1-diyl)diphenol gebildet sein. Ein solches Polycarbonatderivat kann beispielsweise gemäß der Literaturstelle DE 38 32 396.6 aus Diphenolen der Formel (Ia) hergestellt werden, deren Offenbarungsgehalt hiermit vollumfänglich in den Offenbarungsgehalt dieser Beschreibung aufgenommen wird. Es können sowohl ein Diphenol der Formel (Ia) unter Bildung von Homopolycarbonaten als auch mehrere Diphenole der Formel (Ia) unter Bildung von Copolycarbonaten verwendet werden (Bedeutung von Resten, Gruppen und Parametern, wie in Formel I).

Außerdem können die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) auch im Gemisch mit anderen Diphenolen, beispielsweise mit denen der Formel (Ib)

        HO - Z - OH     (Ib),

zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen, thermoplastischen, aromatischen Polycarbonatderivaten verwendet werden.For the printing on polycarbonate composite layers basically all customary inks can be used. Preference is given to the use of a preparation comprising: A) 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative, B) 30 to 99.9 wt .-% of a preferably organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0 to 10 wt D) 0 to 10 wt .-% of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0 to 30 wt .-% of additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture thereof Substances, wherein the sum of the components A) to E) always gives 100 wt .-%, as a printing ink. Such polycarbonate derivatives are highly compatible with polycarbonate materials, in particular with polycarbonates based on bisphenol A, such as, for example, Makrofol® films. In addition, the polycarbonate derivative used is stable to high temperatures and shows no discoloration at lamination-typical temperatures up to 200 ° C and more, whereby the use of the above-described low-Tg materials is not necessary. In particular, the polycarbonate derivative may contain functional carbonate structural units of the formula (I)

• in which R ¹ and R ^2, independently of one another, are hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl, preferably phenyl, and C ₇ -C ₁₂ - Aralkyl, preferably phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, especially benzyl;
• m is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5; R ³ and R ^{4 are} individually selectable for each X, independently of one another is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; X is carbon and n is an integer greater than 20, with the proviso that on at least one atom X, R ³ and R ^{4 are} simultaneously alkyl. It is preferred for X, R ³ and R ^{4 to be} simultaneously alkyl at 1 to 2 atoms, in particular only at one atom. R ³ and R ⁴ may be in particular methyl. The X atoms alpha to the diphenyl-substituted C atom (C1) may not be dialkyl-substituted. The X atoms beta to C1 may be disubstituted with alkyl. Preferably, m = 4 or 5. The polycarbonate derivative can be prepared, for example, on the basis of monomers, such as 4,4 '- (3,3,5-trimethylcydohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, 4,4' - (3,3- dimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, or 4,4 '- (2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,1-diyl) diphenol. Such a polycarbonate derivative can be used, for example, according to the literature DE 38 32 396.6 are prepared from diphenols of the formula (Ia), the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated in full in the disclosure of this description. It is possible to use both a diphenol of the formula (Ia) to form homopolycarbonates and a plurality of diphenols of the formula (Ia) to form copolycarbonates (meaning of radicals, groups and parameters, as in formula I).

In addition, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) may also be mixed with other diphenols, for example with those of the formula (Ib)

HO - Z - OH (Ib),

be used for the preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonate derivatives.

worin R einen verzweigten C₈- und/oder C₉-Alkylrest darstellt. Bevorzugt ist im Alkylrest R der Anteil an CH₃-Protonen zwischen 47 und 89 % und der Anteil der CH- und CH₂-Protonen zwischen 53 und 11 %; ebenfalls bevorzugt ist R in o- und/oder p-Stellung zur OH-Gruppe, und besonders bevorzugt die obere Grenze des ortho-Anteils 20 %. Die Kettenabbrecher werden im allgemeinen in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10, bevorzugt 1,5 bis 8 Mol-%, bezogen auf eingesetzte Diphenole, eingesetzt. Die Polycarbonatderivate können vorzugsweise nach dem Phasengrenzflächenverhalten (vgl. H.Schnell in. Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Polymer Reviews, Vol. IX, Seite 33ff., Interscience Publ. 1964 ) in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt werden. Hierbei werden die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) in wässrig alkalischer Phase gelöst. Zur Herstellung von Copolycarbonaten mit anderen Diphenolen werden Gemische von Diphenolen der Formel (Ia) und den anderen Diphenolen, beispielsweise denen der Formel (Ib), eingesetzt. Zur Regulierung des Molekulargewichts können Kettenabbrecher z.B. der Formel (Ic) zugegeben werden. Dann wird in Gegenwart einer inerten, vorzugsweise Polycarbonat lösenden, organischen Phase mit Phosgen nach der Methode der Phasengrenzflächenkondensation umgesetzt. Die Reaktionstemperatur liegt im Bereich von 0°C bis 40°C. Die gegebenenfalls mit verwendeten Verzweiger (bevorzugt 0,05 bis 2,0 Mol-%) können entweder mit den Diphenolen in der wässrig alkalischen Phase vorgelegt werden oder in dem organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst vor Phosgenierung zugegeben werden. Neben den Diphenolen der Formel (Ia) und gegebenenfalls anderen Diphenolen (Ib) können auch deren Monound/oder Bis-chlorkohlensäureester mit verwendet werden, wobei diese in organischen Lösungsmitteln gelöst zugegeben werden. Die Menge an Kettenabbrechern sowie an Verzweigern richtet sich dann nach der molaren Menge von Diphenolat-Resten entsprechend Formel (Ia) und gegebenenfalls Formel (Ib); bei Mitverwendung von Chlorkohlensäureestern kann die Phosgenmenge in bekannter Weise entsprechend reduziert werden. Geeignete organische Lösungsmittel für die Kettenabbrecher sowie gegebenenfalls für die Verzweiger und die Chlorkohlensäureester sind beispielsweise Methylenchlorid, Chlorbenzol sowie insbesondere Mischungen aus Methylenchlorid und Chlorbenzol. Gegebenenfalls können die verwendeten Kettenabbrecher und Verzweiger im gleichen Solvens gelöst werden. Als organische Phase für die Phasengrenzflächenpolykondensation dienen beispielsweise Methylenchlorid, Chlorbenzol sowie Mischungen aus Methylenchlorid und Chlorbenzol. Als wässrige alkalische Phase dient beispielsweise NaOH-Lösung. Die Herstellung der Polycarbonatderivate nach dem Phasengrenzflächenverfahren kann in üblicher Weise durch Katalysatoren wie tertiäre Amine, insbesondere tertiäre aliphatische Amine wie Tributylamin oder Triethylamin katalysiert werden; die Katalysatoren können in Mengen von 0,05 bis 10 Mol-%, bezogen auf Mole an eingesetzten Diphenolen, eingesetzt werden. Die Katalysatoren können vor Beginn der Phosgenierung oder während oder auch nach der Phosgenierung zugesetzt werden. Die Polycarbonatderivate können nach dem bekannten Verfahren in homogener Phase, dem sogenannten "Pyridinverfahren" sowie nach dem bekannten Schmelzeumesterungsverfahren unter Verwendung von beispielsweise Diphenylcarbonat anstelle von Phosgen hergestellt werden. Die Polycarbonatderivate können linear oder verzweigt sein, sie sind Homopolycarbonate oder Copolycarbonate auf Basis der Diphenole der Formel (Ia). Durch die beliebige Komposition mit anderen Diphenolen, insbesondere mit denen der Formel (Ib) lassen sich die Polycarbonateigenschaften in günstiger Weise variieren. In solchen Copolycarbonaten sind die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 2 Mol-%, vorzugsweise in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 10 Mol-% und insbesondere in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 30 Mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge von 100 Mol-% an Diphenoleinheiten, in Polycarbonatderivaten enthalten. Das Polycarbonatderivat kann ein Copolymer sein, enthaltend, insbesondere hieraus bestehend, Monomereinheiten M1 auf Basis der Formel (Ib),vorzugsweise Bisphenol A, sowie Monomereinheiten M2 auf Basis des geminal disubstituierten Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkans, vorzugsweise des 4,4'-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenols, wobei das Molverhältnis M2/M1 vorzugsweise größer als 0,3, insbesondere größer als 0,4, beispielsweise größer als 0,5 ist. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn das Polycarbonatderivat ein mittleres Molekulargewicht (Gewichtsmittel) von mindestens 10.000, vorzugsweise von 20.000 bis 300.000, aufweist. Die Komponente B kann grundsätzlich im Wesentlichen organisch oder wässrig sein. Im Wesentlichen wässrig bedeutet dabei, dass bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Komponente B) organische Lösungsmittel sein können. Im Wesentlichen organisch bedeutet, dass bis zu 5 Gew.-% Wasser in der Komponente B) vorliegen können. Vorzugsweise enthält die Komponente B einen bzw. besteht aus einem flüssigen aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff, einem flüssigen organischen Ester und/oder einer Mischung solcher Substanzen. Die eingesetzten organischen Lösungsmittel sind vorzugsweise halogenfreie organische Lösungsmittel. In Frage kommen insbesondere aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Mesitylen, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol und Solvent Naptha, Toluol, Xylol; (organische) Ester, wie Methylacetat, Ethylacetat, Butylacetat, Methoxypropylacetat, Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionat. Bevorzugt sind Mesitylen, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol und Solvent Naptha, Toluol, Xylol, Essigsäuremethylester, Essigsäureethylester, Methoxypropylacetat. Ethyl-3ethoxypropionat. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Mesitylen (1,3,5-Trimethylbenzol), 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol (2-Phenylpropan), Solvent Naptha und Ethyl-3ethoxypropionat. Ein geeignetes Lösungsmittelgemisch umfasst beispielsweise L1) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere 2 bis 3 Gew.-%, Mesitylen, L2) 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 30 bis 40 Gew.-%, 1-Methoxy-2-propanolacetat, L3) 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 7 bis 15 Gew.-%, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, L4) 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 30 bis 40 Gew.-%, Ethyl-3ethoxypropionat, L5) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, Cumol, und L6) 0 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 40 Gew.%, insbesondere 15 bis 25 Gew.-%, Solvent Naphtha, wobei die Summe der Komponenten L1 bis L6 stets 100 Gew.-% ergibt. Die Zubereitung kann im Detail enthalten: A) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, eines Bindemittels mit einem Polycarbonatderivat auf Basis eines geminal disubstituierten Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkans, B) 40 bis 99,9 Gew.-%, insbesondere 45 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, eines organischen Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemischs, C) 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-%, eines Farbmittels oder Farbmittelgemischs, D) 0,001 bis 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 bis 4 Gew.-%, eines funktionales Materials oder einer Mischung funktionaler Materialien, E) 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, Additive und/oder Hilfsstoffe, oder eine Mischung solcher Stoffe. Als Komponente C, sofern ein Farbmittel vorgesehen sein soll, kommt grundsätzlich jedes beliebige Farbmittel oder Farbmittelgemisch in Frage. Unter Farbmittel sind alle farbgebenden Stoffe bezeichnet. Das bedeutet, es kann sich sowohl um Farbstoffe (einen Überblick über Farbstoffe gibt Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, Kapitel "Dyes, General Survey ") wie auch um Pigmente (einen Überblick über organische wie anorganische Pigmente gibt Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, Kapitel "Pigments, Organic" bzw. "Pigments, Inorganic ") handeln. Farbstoffe sollten in den Lösungsmitteln der Komponente B löslich bzw. (stabil) dispergierbar oder suspendierbar sein. Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Farbmittel bei Temperaturen von 160°C und mehr für einen Zeitraum von mehr als 5 min. stabil, insbesondere farbstabil ist. Es ist auch möglich, dass das Farbmittel einer vorgegebenen und reproduzierbaren Farbveränderung unter den Verarbeitungsbedingungen unterworfen ist und entsprechend ausgewählt wird. Pigmente müssen neben der Temperaturstabilität insbesondere in feinster Partikelgrößenverteilung vorliegen. Für einen Tintenstrahldruck bedeutet dies in der Praxis, dass die Teilchengröße nicht über 1,0 µm hinausgehen sollte, da sonst Verstopfungen im Druckkopf die Folge sind. In der Regel haben sich nanoskalige Festkörperpigmente und gelöste Farbstoffe bewährt. Die Farbmittel können kationisch, anionisch oder auch neutral sein. Lediglich als Beispiele für im Tintenstrahldruck verwendbare Farbmittel seinen genannt: Brillantschwarz C.I. Nr. 28440, Chromogenschwarz C.I. Nr. 14645, Direkttiefschwarz E C.I. Nr. 30235, Echtschwarzsalz B C.I. Nr. 37245, Echtschwarzsalz K C.I. Nr. 37190, Sudanschwarz HB C.I. 26150, Naphtolschwarz C.I. Nr. 20470, Bayscript® Schwarz flüssig, C.I. Basic Black 11, C.I. Basic Blue 154, Cartasol® Türkis K-ZL flüssig, Cartasol® Türkis K-RL flüssig (C.I. Basic Blue 140), Cartasol Blau K5R flüssig. Geeignet sind des Weiteren z.B. die im Handel erhältlichen Farbstoffe Hostafine® Schwarz TS flüssig (vertrieben von Clariant GmbH Deutschland),
Bayscript® Schwarz flüssig (C.I.-Gemisch, vertrieben von Bayer AG Deutschland), Cartasol® Schwarz MG flüssig (C.I. Basic Black 11, Eingetragenes Markenzeichen der Clariant GmbH Deutschland), Flexonylschwarz® PR 100 (E C.I. Nr. 30235, vertrieben von Hoechst AG), Rhodamin B, Cartasol® Orange K3 GL, Cartasol® Gelb K4 GL, Cartasol® K GL, oder Cartasol® Rot K-3B. Des Weiteren können als lösliche Farbmittel Anthrachinon-, Azo-, Chinophthalon-, Cumarin-, Methin-, Perinon-, und/oder Pyrazolfarbstoffe, z.B. unter dem Markennamen Macrolex® erhältlich, Verwendung finden. Weitere geeignete Farbmittel sind in der Literaturstelle Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2008, Wiley Verlag, Kapitel "Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks " beschrieben. Gut lösliche Farbmittel führen zu einer optimalen Integration in die Matrix bzw. das Bindemittel der Druckschicht. Die Farbmittel können entweder direkt als Farbstoff bzw. Pigment zugesetzt werden oder als Paste, einem Gemisch aus Farbstoff und Pigment zusammen mit einem weiteren Bindemittel. Dieses zusätzliche Bindemittel sollte chemisch kompatibel mit den weiteren Komponenten der Zubereitung sein. Sofern eine solche Paste als Farbmittel eingesetzt wird, bezieht sich die Mengenangabe der Komponente B auf das Farbmittel ohne die sonstigen Komponenten der Paste. Diese sonstigen Komponenten der Paste sind dann unter die Komponente E zu subsumieren. Bei Verwendung von so genannten Buntpigmenten in den Skalenfarben Cyan-Magenta-Yellow und bevorzugt auch (Ruß)-Schwarz sind Volltonfarbabbildungen möglich. Die Komponente D umfasst Substanzen, die unter Einsatz von technischen Hilfsmitteln unmittelbar durch das menschliche Auge oder durch Verwendung von geeigneten Detektoren ersichtlich sind. Hier sind die dem Fachmann einschlägig bekannten Materialien (vgl. auch van Renesse in: Optical document security, 3rd Ed., Artech House, 2005 ) gemeint, die zur Absicherung von Wert und Sicherheitsdokumenten eingesetzt werden. Dazu zählen Lumineszenzstoffe (Farbstoffe oder Pigmente, organisch oder anorganisch) wie z.B. Photoluminophore, Elektroluminophore, Antistokes Luminophore, Fluorophore aber auch magnetisierbare, photoakustisch adressierbare oder piezoelektrische Materialien. Des Weiteren können Raman-aktive oder Ramanverstärkende Materialien eingesetzt werden, ebenso wie so genannte Barcode-Materialien. Auch hier gelten als bevorzugte Kriterien entweder die Löslichkeit in der Komponente B oder bei pigmentierten Systemen Teilchengrößen < 1 µm sowie eine Temperaturstabilität für Temperaturen > 160°C im Sinne der Ausführungen zur Komponente C. Funktionale Materialien können direkt zugegeben werden oder über eine Paste, d.h. einem Gemisch mit einem weiteren Bindemittel, welches dann Bestandteil der Komponente E bildet, oder dem eingesetzten Bindemittel der Komponente A. Die Komponente E umfasst bei Tinten für einen Tintenstrahldruck üblicherweise eingerichtete Stoffe wie Antischaummittel, Stellmittel, Netzmittel, Tenside, Fließmittel, Trockner, Katalysatoren, (Licht-) Stabilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Biozide, Tenside, organische Polymere zur Viskositätseinstellung, Puffersysteme, etc. Als Stellmittel kommen fachübliche Stellsalze in Frage. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist Natriumlactat. Als Biozide kommen alle handelsüblichen Konservierungsmittel, welche für Tinten verwendet werden, in Frage. Beispiele hierfür sind Proxel®GXL und Parmetol® A26. Als Tenside kommen alle handelsüblichen Tenside, welche für Tinten verwendet werden, in Frage. Bevorzugt sind amphotere oder nichtionische Tenside. Selbstverständlich ist aber auch der Einsatz spezieller anionischer oder kationischer Tenside, welche die Eigenschaften des Farbstoffs nicht verändern, möglich. Beispiele für geeignete Tenside sind Betaine, ethoxilierte Diole usw. Beispiele sind die Produktreihen Surfynol® und Tergitol®. Die Menge an Tensiden wird insbesondere bei Anwendung für den Tintenstrahldruck beispielsweise mit der Maßgabe gewählt, dass die Oberflächenspannung der Tinte im Bereich von 10 bis 60 mN/m, vorzugsweise 20 bis 45 mN/m, gemessen bei 25°C, liegt. Es kann ein Puffersystem eingerichtet sein, welches den pH-Wert im Bereich von 2,5 bis 8,5, insbesondere im Bereich von 5 bis 8, stabilisiert. Geeignete Puffersysteme sind Lithiumacetat, Boratpuffer, Triethanolamin oder Essigsäure/Natriumacetat. Ein Puffersystem wird insbesondere im Falle einer im Wesentlichen wässrigen Komponente B in Frage kommen. Zur Einstellung der Viskosität der Tinte können (ggf. wasserlösliche) Polymere vorgesehen sein. Hier kommen alle für übliche Tintenformulierungen geeigneten Polymere in Frage. Beispiele sind wasserlösliche Stärke, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 3.000 bis 7.000, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 25.000 bis 250.000, Polyvinylalkohol, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 10.000 bis 20.000, XanthanGummi, Carboxy-Methylcellulose, Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockcopolymer, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 1.000 bis 8.000. Ein Beispiel für das letztgenannte Blockcopolymer ist die Produktreihe Pluronic®. Der Anteil an Biozid, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, kann im Bereich von 0 bis 0,5 Gew-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.%, liegen. Der Anteil an Tensid, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, kann im Bereich von 0 bis 0,2 Gew.-% liegen. Der Anteil an Stellmitteln kann, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, 0 bis 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, betragen. Zu den Hilfsmitteln werden auch sonstige Komponenten gezählt, wie beispielsweise Essigsäure, Ameisensäure oder n-Methyl-Pyrolidon oder sonstige Polymere aus der eingesetzten Farbstofflösung oder -Paste. Bezüglich Substanzen, welche als Komponente E geeignet sind, wird ergänzend beispielsweise auf Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Chemical Industry, Electronic Release 2008, Wiley Verlag, Kapitel "Paints and Coatings", Sektion "Paint Additives ", verwiesen. Ferner werden die Materialien, die einen Brechungsindex der Tinte erhöhen zu den Additiven und Hilfsmitteln der Komponente E zugeordnet. Für ein Ausbilden der Lichtleitstruktur werden Tinten bevorzugt, die keine Pigmente größer als 250 nm als Farbmittel enthalten, da diese als Streuzentren eine Lichtleitung negativ beeinflussen.Suitable other diphenols of the formula (Ib) are those in which Z is an aromatic radical having 6 to 30 C atoms, which may contain one or more aromatic nuclei, may be substituted, and aliphatic radicals or cycloaliphatic radicals other than those of the formula (II) Ia) or heteroatoms may contain as bridge members. Examples of the diphenols of the formula (Ib) are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis ( hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, alpha, alpha'-bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes, and their nuclear alkylated and nuclear halogenated compounds. These and other suitable diphenols are, for example, in US-A 3,028,365 . 2,999,835 . 3 148 172 . 3,275,601 . 2 991 273 . 3 271 367 . 3 062 781 . 2,970,131 and 2,999,846 , in DE-A 1 570 703 . 2 063 050 . 2 063 052 . 2 211 956 . FR-A 1 561 518 and in H. Schnell in: Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964 , which are hereby incorporated in full in the disclosure of the present application. Preferred other diphenols are, for example: 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, alpha, alpha-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3-methyl) chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 2,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexane, alpha, alpha-bis- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane and 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane. Particularly preferred diphenols of the formula (Ib) are, for example, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis- (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexane. In particular, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is preferred. The other diphenols can be used both individually and in a mixture. The molar ratio of diphenols of the formula (Ia) to the other diphenols of the formula (Ib) which may optionally be used should be between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 2 mol% (Ia) 98 mol% (Ib), preferably between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 10 mol% (Ia) to 90 mol% (Ib) and in particular between 100 mol% (Ia ) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 30 mol% (Ia) to 70 mol% (Ib). The high molecular weight polycarbonate derivatives from the diphenols of forms (Ia), optionally in combination with other diphenols, can be prepared by the known polycarbonate production processes. The various diphenols can be linked together both statistically and in blocks. The polycarbonate derivatives used can be branched in a manner known per se. If the branching is desired, this can in known manner by condensing small amounts, preferably amounts of 0.05 to 2.0 mol% (based on diphenols), of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, in particular those with three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups can be achieved. Some branching agents having three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups are phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri - (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylmethane , 2,2-bis [4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl] propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenol, 2,6-bis (2-bis) hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -propane, hexa- [4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenyl] -orthoterephthalic acid ester , Tetra (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, tetra- [4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenoxy] -methane and 1,4-bis- [4 ', 4 "-dihydroxytriphenyl) -methyl] -benzene Some Other trifunctional compounds include 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole, which are known per se as chain terminators Control of the molecular weight of the polycarbonate derivatives serve monofunctional compounds in conventional concentrates. Suitable compounds are, for example, phenol, tert-butylphenols or other alkyl-substituted phenols. For controlling the molecular weight, in particular small amounts of phenols of the formula (Ic) are suitable

wherein R represents a branched C ₈ and / or C ₉ alkyl radical. Preferably, in the alkyl radical R, the proportion of CH ₃ protons between 47 and 89% and the proportion of CH and CH ₂ protons between 53 and 11%; also preferably R is in the o- and / or p-position to the OH group, and more preferably the upper limit of the ortho-portion is 20%. The chain terminators are generally used in amounts of 0.5 to 10, preferably 1.5 to 8 mol%, based on diphenols used. The polycarbonate derivatives may preferably be prepared according to the interfacial behavior (cf. H. Quickly in. Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Polymer Reviews, Vol. IX, p. 33ff., Interscience Publ. 1964 ) are prepared in a conventional manner. In this case, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are dissolved in an aqueous alkaline phase. For the preparation of copolycarbonates with other diphenols, mixtures of diphenols of the formula (Ia) and the other diphenols, for example those of the formula (Ib), are used. To regulate the molecular weight, chain terminators of, for example, the formula (Ic) can be added. Then, in the presence of an inert, preferably polycarbonate-dissolving, organic phase is reacted with phosgene by the method of interfacial condensation. The reaction temperature is in the range of 0 ° C to 40 ° C. The optionally used with branching agents (preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mol%) can be presented either with the diphenols in the aqueous alkaline phase or dissolved in the organic solvent added before phosgenation. In addition to the diphenols of the formula (Ia) and, if appropriate, other diphenols (Ib), it is also possible to use their mono- or / or bis-chlorocarbonic esters, these being added dissolved in organic solvents. The amount of chain terminators and of branching agents then depends on the molar amount of diphenolate radicals corresponding to formula (Ia) and optionally formula (Ib); with the concomitant use of Chlorocarbonic esters, the amount of phosgene can be reduced accordingly in a known manner. Suitable organic solvents for the chain terminators and optionally for the branching agents and the chloroformates are, for example, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and in particular mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene. Optionally, the chain terminators and branching agents used can be dissolved in the same solvent. For example, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene serve as the organic phase for the interfacial polycondensation. The aqueous alkaline phase used is, for example, NaOH solution. The preparation of the polycarbonate derivatives by the interfacial process can be catalyzed in a conventional manner by catalysts such as tertiary amines, in particular tertiary aliphatic amines such as tributylamine or triethylamine; the catalysts can be used in amounts of 0.05 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenols used. The catalysts can be added before the beginning of the phosgenation or during or after the phosgenation. The polycarbonate derivatives can be prepared by the known method in the homogeneous phase, the so-called "pyridine process" and by the known melt transesterification process using, for example, diphenyl carbonate instead of phosgene. The polycarbonate derivatives may be linear or branched, they are homopolycarbonates or copolycarbonates based on the diphenols of the formula (Ia). By arbitrary composition with other diphenols, in particular with those of the formula (Ib), the polycarbonate properties can be varied in a favorable manner. In such copolycarbonates, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are present in amounts of from 100 mol% to 2 mol%, preferably in amounts of from 100 mol% to 10 mol% and in particular in amounts of from 100 mol% to 30 mol% %, based on the total amount of 100 mol% of diphenol units contained in polycarbonate derivatives. The polycarbonate derivative may be a copolymer comprising, in particular consisting thereof, monomer units M1 based on the formula (Ib), preferably bisphenol A, and monomer units M2 based on the geminally disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, preferably the 4,4 '- (3,3,5 -trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, wherein the molar ratio M2 / M1 is preferably greater than 0.3, in particular greater than 0.4, for example greater than 0.5. It is preferred that the polycarbonate derivative has a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, preferably from 20,000 to 300,000. In principle, component B may be substantially organic or aqueous. Substantially aqueous means that up to 20% by weight of component B) is organic Solvent can be. Substantially organic means that up to 5% by weight of water may be present in component B). Component B preferably contains one or consists of a liquid aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbon, a liquid organic ester and / or a mixture of such substances. The organic solvents used are preferably halogen-free organic solvents. Particularly suitable are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene; (organic) esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. Preference is given to mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate. Ethyl 3ethoxypropionat. Very particular preference is given to mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene (2-phenylpropane), solvent naphtha and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. A suitable solvent mixture comprises, for example, L1) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 2 to 3% by weight, mesitylene, L2) 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight %, in particular 30 to 40% by weight, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, L3) 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 7 to 15% by weight, 1 , 2,4-trimethylbenzene, L4) 10 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 50 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 40 wt .-%, ethyl 3ethoxypropionat, L5) 0 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-%, cumene, and L6) 0 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 40 wt.%, In particular 15 to 25 wt. -%, Solvent naphtha, wherein the sum of components L1 to L6 always yields 100 wt .-%. The preparation may contain in detail: A) 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative based on a geminal disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, B) 40 to 99.9 wt %, in particular 45 to 99.5% by weight, of an organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0.1 to 6% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a colorant or colorant mixture, D ) 0.001 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 4 wt .-%, of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 20 wt .-%, Additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture of such substances. As component C, if a colorant is to be provided, basically any colorant or colorant mixture comes into question. Colorants are all colorants. That means it can be both colorant (a review of dyes there Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, chapter "Dyes, General Survey ") as well as pigments (gives an overview of organic and inorganic pigments Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, chapter "Pigments, Organic" and "Pigments, Inorganic Dyes should be soluble or (stably) dispersible or suspendible in the solvents of component B. It is furthermore advantageous if the colorant is stable at temperatures of 160 ° C. and more for a period of more than 5 minutes It is also possible for the colorant to undergo a predetermined and reproducible color change under the processing conditions and to be selected accordingly Pigments must be present in addition to the temperature stability, especially in the finest particle size distribution As a rule, nanoscale solid-state pigments and dissolved dyes have proven to be useful.The colorants may be cationic, anionic or even neutral.Only as examples of inkjet printable colorants Brilliant black CI No. 28440, chromogen black CI No. 14645, direct deep black E CI No. 30235, true black salt B CI No. 37245, true black salt K CI No. 37190, Sudan black HB CI 26150, naphthol black CI No. 20470, Bayscript® Black Liquid, CI Basic Black 11, CI Basic Blue 154, Cartasol® Turquoise K-ZL liquid, Cartasol® Turquoise K-RL liquid (CI Basic Blue 140), Cartasol Blue K5R liquid. Also suitable are, for example, the commercially available dyes Hostafine® Black TS liquid (sold by Clariant GmbH Germany),
Bayscript® Black Liquid (CI mixture, marketed by Bayer AG Germany), Cartasol® Black MG liquid (CI Basic Black 11, registered trademark of Clariant GmbH Germany), Flexonyl Black® PR 100 (E CI No. 30235, marketed by Hoechst AG ), Rhodamine B, Cartasol® Orange K3 GL, Cartasol® Yellow K4 GL, Cartasol® K GL, or Cartasol® Red K-3B. Furthermore, anthraquinone, azo, quinophthalone, coumarin, methine, perinone, and / or pyrazole dyes, eg available under the trade name Macrolex®, can be used as soluble colorants. Other suitable colorants are in the reference Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2008, Wiley Publishing, Chapter "Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks Well-soluble colorants lead to an optimal integration into the matrix or the binder of the print layer The colorants can be added either directly as a dye or pigment or as a paste, a mixture of dye and pigment together with another binder additional Binder should be chemically compatible with the other components of the preparation. If such a paste is used as a colorant, the amount of component B refers to the colorant without the other components of the paste. These other components of the paste are then subsumed under the component E. When using so-called colored pigments in the scale colors cyan-magenta-yellow and preferably also (soot) black solid color images are possible. Component D comprises substances that can be seen directly by the human eye or by the use of suitable detectors using technical aids. Here are the materials known to those skilled in the art (see also van Renesse in: Optical document security, 3rd ed., Artech House, 2005 ), which are used to secure value and security documents. These include luminescent substances (dyes or pigments, organic or inorganic) such as photoluminophores, electroluminophores, Antistokes luminophores, fluorophores but also magnetizable, photoacoustically addressable or piezoelectric materials. Furthermore, Raman-active or Raman-enhancing materials can be used, as well as so-called barcode materials. Again, the preferred criteria are either the solubility in the component B or pigmented systems particle sizes <1 micron and a temperature stability for temperatures> 160 ° C in the sense of the comments on the component C. Functional materials can be added directly or via a paste, ie a mixture with a further binder, which then forms part of component E, or the binder of component A. The component E comprises inks for inkjet printing usually furnished substances such as anti-foaming agents, adjusting agents, wetting agents, surfactants, flow agents, dryers, catalysts, (Light) stabilizers, preservatives, biocides, surfactants, organic polymers for viscosity adjustment, buffer systems, etc. Suitable adjusting agents are commercially available actuating salts in question. An example of this is sodium lactate. As biocides, all commercially available preservatives which are used for inks come into question. Examples are Proxel®GXL and Parmetol® A26. Suitable surfactants are all commercially available surfactants which are used for inks. Preferred are amphoteric or nonionic surfactants. Of course, it is also possible to use special anionic or cationic surfactants which do not alter the properties of the dye. Examples of suitable surfactants are betaines, ethoxylated diols, etc. Examples are the product series Surfynol® and Tergitol®. The amount of surfactants, in particular when used for ink jet printing, for example, with the Provided that the surface tension of the ink in the range of 10 to 60 mN / m, preferably 20 to 45 mN / m, measured at 25 ° C, is located. A buffer system can be set up which stabilizes the pH in the range from 2.5 to 8.5, in particular in the range from 5 to 8. Suitable buffer systems are lithium acetate, borate buffer, triethanolamine or acetic acid / sodium acetate. A buffer system will be considered in particular in the case of a substantially aqueous component B. To adjust the viscosity of the ink (possibly water-soluble) polymers can be provided. Here all suitable for conventional ink formulations polymers come into question. Examples are water-soluble starch, in particular having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 7,000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, especially having an average molecular weight of 25,000 to 250,000, polyvinyl alcohol, especially having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 20,000, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymer , in particular having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 8,000. An example of the latter block copolymer is the product series Pluronic®. The proportion of biocide, based on the total amount of ink, may range from 0 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by weight. The proportion of surfactant, based on the total amount of ink, can range from 0 to 0.2 wt .-%. The proportion of adjusting agents, based on the total amount of ink, 0 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, amount. The auxiliaries also include other components, such as, for example, acetic acid, formic acid or n-methylpyrolidone or other polymers from the dye solution or paste used. With respect to substances which are suitable as component E, is supplemented, for example, on Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Chemical Industry, Electronic Release 2008, Wiley Publishing, Chapter "Paints and Coatings", Section "Paint Additives Furthermore, the materials which increase a refractive index of the ink are assigned to the additives and auxiliaries of the component E. For forming the optical waveguide, inks containing no pigments larger than 250 nm as the colorant are preferable because they are scattering centers Negatively affect the light pipe.

The features of the production method according to the invention, the method for verification and the device for verification have the same advantages as the corresponding features of the value and / or security document according to the invention.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Substratschicht, auf die eine eine Lichtleitstruktur bildende Druckstruktur aufgedruckt ist;

Fig. 2

übereinander geschichtete Substratschichten, die zu einem Laminat zusammengefügt werden sollen;

Fig. 3

das sich nach der Lamination der Substratschichten aus Fig. 2 ergebende Laminat;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Unterstützen einer Verifikation des durch die Lichtleitstruktur geschaffenen Sicherheitsmerkmals;

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf eine Substratschicht, auf die eine andere Druckstruktur aufgedruckt ist;

Fig. 6

mehrere Substratschichten, die zu einem anderen Dokumentkörper laminiert werden sollen;

Fig. 7

den sich ergebenden Dokumentkörper;

Fig. 8

eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Verifikation eines solchen Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokuments, bei dem die Lichtleitstruktur Lumineszenzstoffe umfasst;

Fig. 9

mehrere Substratschichten, die zu einem weiteren Dokumentkörper laminiert werden;

Fig. 10

den sich ergebenden weiteren Dokumentkörper;

Fig. 11

eine Draufsicht auf eine Substratschicht, die mit einer abschnittsweise gedruckten Druckstruktur bedruckt ist, wobei einige Abschnitte Lumineszenzstoffe enthalten und andere Abschnitte nicht;

Fig. 12a, 12b, 12c

schematisch eine Verifikation eines mit der Substratschicht nach Fig. 11 gebildeten Sicherheitskörpers; und

Fig. 13

eine Draufsicht auf eine Substratschicht, die mit einer abschnittsweise gedruckten Druckstruktur bedruckt ist, wobei die Abschnitte unterschiedliche Farben aufweisen.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to a drawing. Hereby show:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a substrate layer on which a light guide structure forming pressure structure is printed;

Fig. 2

stacked substrate layers to be assembled into a laminate;

Fig. 3

that turns out after the lamination of the substrate layers Fig. 2 resulting laminate;

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of an apparatus for supporting a Verification of the created by the Lichtleitstruktur security feature;

Fig. 5

a plan view of a substrate layer on which another printing structure is printed;

Fig. 6

a plurality of substrate layers to be laminated to another document body;

Fig. 7

the resulting document body;

Fig. 8

a schematic representation for explaining the verification of such a value and / or security document, wherein the Lichtleitstruktur comprises luminescent substances;

Fig. 9

a plurality of substrate layers laminated to another document body;

Fig. 10

the resulting further document body;

Fig. 11

a plan view of a substrate layer, which is printed with a partially printed printed structure, some sections containing luminescent and other sections not;

Fig. 12a, 12b, 12c

schematically a verification of one with the substrate layer after Fig. 11 formed safety body; and

Fig. 13

a plan view of a substrate layer, which is printed with a section-wise printed printing structure, wherein the sections have different colors.

In Fig. 1 a substrate layer 1 is shown schematically in plan view, on which a printing structure 2 is printed, which forms a Lichtleitstruktur in a value and / or security document to be produced. The printing structure 2 is printed from a material, ie, an ink or printing ink, having a refractive index greater than that of the substrate layer 1 and remaining substrate layers disposed adjacent to the printing structure 2 in a finished document body. The pressure structure 2 has a strand 3, which branches into a plurality of further strands 4. The strands 3, 4 respectively start and end at one of the edges 5 of the substrate layer, which form a side surface of the document body formed after lamination. These areas of the pressure structure 2 adjacent to the side surface are referred to as coupling regions 6.

The areas between the strands 3, 4 can also be printed, preferably with a transparent printing ink, which has a lower refractive index than the printing ink or ink with which the printing structure 2 is produced. It is also possible to form 4 opaque separating elements between the further strands, which however are preferably likewise separated from the strands 4 by transparent material regions.

After the substrate layer 1 is printed with the printing structure, it is combined with further substrate layers 7-10 to form a substrate layer stack, as in FIG Fig. 2 is shown. The same technical features are provided in all figures with identical reference numerals. The collation takes place such that the printed surface 12 of the substrate layer 1 is an inner substrate layer surface. This means that this substrate layer surface 12 is not a top or bottom of the substrate layer stack.

In Fig. 3 the finished laminate is shown, which forms the document body 13 of the value and / or security document. It is understood by those skilled in the art that any other security features in the value and / or security document forming document body 13 can be incorporated, as long as they do not affect the photoconductive properties of the printing structure 2, which is a Lichtleitstruktur. In Fig. 3 It can be clearly seen that the coupling regions 6 are located on side surfaces 14 which connect an upper side 15 and a lower side 16 of the document body 13.

In Fig. 4 For example, the document body 13 is inserted into an assistance device 20 for verifying the security and / or security document. The assistance device 20 comprises a guide 21, into which the document body 13 can be inserted, so that the light guide structure, ie the pressure structure 2, can be positioned in a defined manner relative to an excitation source 22. The excitation source 22 is a light source in the example shown. This can be, for example, a light emitting diode. As soon as the document body 13 is correctly positioned in the guide 21 of the assistance device 20, ie pushed against a stop 23, light is introduced into the coupling region 6 of the strand 3 (cf. Fig. 1 ) coupled and by the pressure structure 2 forming a light guide structure to the coupling regions 6 of the further strands 4 (see. Fig. 1 ) guided in the side surfaces 14. It is understood by those skilled in the art that even at other locations of the side surfaces 14 a certain amount of light can escape, which is not passed through total reflection at the interfaces of the Lichtleitstruktur. However, the amount of light that is guided to the coupling regions 6, considerably larger, so that they can be perceived much brighter. Based on the resulting light emission pattern, the security and / or security document can be verified. Here, a number of the coupling regions 6 or further strands 4, a relative distance, an extent along the side surfaces 14, etc., can be varied in order to code an individualizing and / or personalizing information. A characteristic light emission pattern can be perceived by a simple visual inspection by a human. If the coded information, which represents, for example, a type of bar code, is to be evaluated, then a spatially resolving light detection unit is preferably used. This can for example comprise a CCD chip, which can determine a positioning and / or expansion of the coupling regions with the aid of an evaluation software and can compare with an expected pattern.

In Fig. 5 is a plan view of a further substrate layer 1 'is shown, on which a differently structured light structure 2' is printed. In this embodiment, the ink or ink constituting the conductive structure comprises a luminescent substance.

In Fig. 6 For example, the substrate layer stack formed by collation is analogous to that shown in FIG Fig. 2 shown schematically.

Fig. 7 shows a side view of the resulting document body 13. Good to recognize again the decoupling 6 in the side surfaces 14 of the document body thirteenth

In Fig. 8 the verification of the value and / or security document is shown schematically. Via an excitation source 22, for example, UV light 24 is irradiated through the upper substrate layers 7, 8 into the light guide structure 2 ', which is formed by the printing layer. There, the luminescent substances are excited to luminescence. The light thus coupled into the light guiding structure emerges partly through the upper side 15 or the lower side 16, since it is usually imitated isotropically in space by the luminescent substances. Thus, part of the light strikes the interface of the light guide structure at an acute angle and can leave it. However, a majority 26 of the light strikes the interface at an obtuse angle and is directed to one of the coupling regions 6. Therefore, they appear brighter than the remaining side surface 14 of the document body 13. Based on the pattern, which is formed by the light emission and is referred to as a light emission pattern, a verification of the security document can be made.

In Fig. 9 a substrate layer stack is shown showing a different arrangement of the substrate layers 7-10. In this arrangement, only one substrate layer 7 is arranged above the substrate layer 1 "printed with the light guide structure 2 '".

The resulting document body 13 is in Fig. 10 shown schematically.

In Fig. 11 Fig. 3 shows the top view of another substrate layer 1 '"in which the printing structure 2 is printed in three sections 2a, 2b and 2c The sections 2a and 2c are printed with a color containing luminescent substances The section 2b, on the other hand, is colored printed, which contains no luminescent substances.

In Fig. 12a to 12c In each case, the resulting document body 13 is shown, which is excited locally at different positions by means of UV light. If suggested in sections 2a and 2b (cf. Fig. 11 ) occurs as in Fig. 12a and 12c is shown, in each case a luminescence, ie a light extraction from the coupling regions 6, on. This is due to the fact that the excitation in the areas 2a and 2b (see. Fig. 11 ) in each case has a luminescence result. When excitation in the center of the document body, which excitation of the section 2b (see. Fig. 11 ), however, no luminescence occurs, so that no light leakage from the coupling regions 6 can be observed.

A substrate layer sequence of a manufactured document body may be different in various embodiments. In an embodiment similar to that of FIG Fig. 12a to 12c For example, an uppermost layer is transparent and has a layer thickness (layer thickness) of 50 μm to 100 μm. A second substrate layer viewed from above is preferably opaque and has a layer thickness of, for example, 100 μm. Below this, two transparent substrate layers of preferably 300 microns thickness are arranged together. One of these two substrate layers is printed on a surface, which faces the other of these transparent substrate layers, with a printing structure that represents a light-conducting structure. A refractive index of the material from which the print pattern is printed is greater than the refractive index or refractive indices of the two transparent substrate layers immediately adjacent to the print pattern in the finished document body. In these two transparent print layers and other components or security features can be embedded or be. For example, a microchip and / or an antenna structure may be inserted into recesses of the transparent substrate layers. Below the two transparent substrate layers, between which the printing structure is arranged, a further opaque substrate layer of, for example, 100 microns layer thickness and a further transparent substrate layer of 50 microns to 100 microns layer thickness are arranged in the following sequence.

In a modification of the embodiment just described, three or more substrate layers are arranged in the center of the document body instead of the two transparent substrate layers. Between at least two of these three or more substrate layers, a light guide structure in the form of a pressure structure is formed.

In another modification, the printing structure is printed on one of the centrally arranged transparent substrate layers in such a way that the printing structure adjoins an opaque substrate layer. In such a case, however, the print pattern formed as a light guide structure is preferably overprinted with a transparent material having a lower refractive index than the print pattern of the light guide structure. This ensures that no scattering centers, as in opaque material, eg. B: the opaque substrate layers usually occur, directly adjacent to the light guide structure. Nevertheless, such scattering centers often cause a partial decoupling of light at this scattering center, independently of the refractive index difference between the pressure structure formed as a light guide structure and the adjacent material.

A further embodiment provides that the printing structure which forms the light-guiding structure is printed on a transparent substrate layer which has, for example, a layer thickness of 100 μm. A transparent substrate layer, which is often referred to as an overlay film and preferably has a layer thickness of about 50 μm, is arranged over the printing structure for its protection. This protects the print structure from damage and manipulation. The two transparent substrate layers have a refractive index which is lower than the refractive index of the printed structure. The described arrangement is connected to further substrate layers to a document body, which are arranged below. These preferably comprise an opaque substrate layer which adjoins the described arrangement and further preferably transparent substrate layers, which of course may be printed on one or two sides.

Still other embodiments provide that a plurality of substrate layers are printed with a printing structure which is in each case embodied as a light-conducting structure, ie has a higher refractive index than the adjacent substrate layers or materials. These pressure structures are preferably in different levels of arranged several substrate layers document body. This makes it possible to form more complex light emission patterns.

In Fig. 13 the top view of a further substrate layer 1 "" is shown, in which the printing structure in the sections 2a to 2f is printed. Here, the sections 2a to 2e have at least two different colors, which are generated via colorant. For verification purposes, white light is coupled in via the coupling region 6 ', for example. At the coupling regions 6 ", 6"', 6 "", 6'"", 6 """, at least two different color impressions result, whereby information can be coded in addition to the position of the coupling regions in their color.

It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that only exemplary structuring of the printing structure or of the light guiding structure formed thereby is illustrated. Preferably, the substrate layer, 1, 1 ', 1 "', 1""and the further substrate layer 7 immediately adjacent to the pressure structure 2 are formed of a transparent material, but embodiments are also conceivable in which the immediately adjacent layer is opaque It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the structure of the laminate formed document body may vary greatly from the structure described herein In particular, a number of the substrate layers used and a thickness of the substrate layers may vary widely, particularly for the integration of electronic components such as eg chips, contact elements, antennas, displays and the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 ', 1 "', 1" "

substrate layer

2, 2 '. 2 "', 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f

print Layout

3

strand

4

more strands

5

edge

6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "", 6 "" ', 6 "" "

coupling areas

7-11

further substrate layers

12

printed surface of the substrate layer 1, 1 ', 1 "', 1" "

13

document body

14

side surface

15

top

16

bottom

20

assistance device

21

guide

22

excitation source

23

attack

24

UV light

25

Part of the leaking light

26

Much of the escaping light

Claims (15)

1. A valuable and/or security document comprising a document body (13) which comprises a laminate which is formed from a plurality of substrate layers (1,1', 1"', 1"", 7-10) and in which a light-guiding structure is formed, the document body (13) exhibiting an upper side (15) and an underside (16) and one or a plurality of lateral faces (14) connecting the upper side (15) and the underside (16), wherein the light-guiding structure is a printed structure (2, 2', 2"') printed onto one of the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10), with the light-guiding structure comprising a plurality of coupling regions (6) each being configured along the one or plurality of lateral faces (14) of the document body (13) and separate from each other, and whereby light which is guided in the light-guiding structure by total reflection at boundary faces of the light-guiding structure can be coupled in and/or coupled out with coupling regions (6), and with the light-guiding structure comprising a phase beginning at one of the coupling regions (6) and branching out into a plurality of further phases each of which ends at one of the plurality of coupling regions (6).
2. A valuable and/or security document according to claim 1 wherein the printed structure (2, 2', 2"') exhibits a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of a surrounding material or from the refractive indices of the surrounding materials.
3. A valuable and/or security document according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the light-guiding structure comprises particles of a material having a refractive index that is greater than the refractive index of the materials adjacent to the light-guiding structure, said particles having a mean diameter which is less than the half of one wavelength of a beam provided for light guiding, preferably less than one fifth of said wavelength, more preferably less than one tenth of said wavelength.
4. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the light-guiding structure is structured such that an information, preferably an individualising or personalising information, is encoded into the document body (13) by a number of the coupling regions (6), a positioning of the coupling regions (Q), relative distances of the coupling regions (6) to one another and/or their respective extension along the one lateral face (14) or plurality of lateral faces (14).
5. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the light-guiding structure is surrounded by transparent substrate material.
6. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein an opaquely configured separating structure is configured in the print level between at least two of the further phases.
7. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein an opaque element is disposed between the upper side (15) and the light-guiding structure and/or that a further opaque element is disposed between the underside (16) of the document body (13) and the light-guiding structure.
8. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the printed structure (2, 2', 2"') comprises a luminescent material.
9. A valuable and/or security document according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the printed structure (2"') comprises sections (2a, 2b, 2c) that are coupled with one another in a light-guiding manner and of which a number comprise luminescent materials and others are free from luminescent material.
10. A method for manufacturing a valuable and/or security document comprises the steps: providing of substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10); assembling the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10) into a substrate layer stack in which the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10) overlap each other two-dimensionally, lamination of the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10) with the application of heat and pressure to create a document body (13) in which a light-guiding structure is configured, with the document body (13) being created with an upper side (15] and an underside (16) and one or a plureality of lateral faces (14) connecting the upper side (15) and the underside (16), wherein prior to lamination a light-guiding structure in the form of a printed structure (2, 2', 2"') is printed onto one of the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10), with the light-guiding structure being printed in such a structured manner that it comprises a plurality of coupling regions (6) by which light that is guided in the light-guiding structure by total reflection at boundary faces of the light-guiding structure can be coupled in and/or coupled out, and a phase beginning at one of the coupling regions (6) which branches into a plurality of further phases each ending at one of the plurality of coupling regions (6), and wherein in the finished document body (13) the plurality of coupling regions (6) are each configured along the one or plurality of lateral faces (14) of the document body (13) and separate from each other.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the printed structure (2, 2', 2,"') is printed onto a surface (12) of the one substrate layer (1, 1', 1"', 1"") which when assembled is arranged as a substrate layer surface lying inside the substrate stack.
12. A method according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the light-guiding structure is printed with an ink or colour which comprises particles of a material having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the materials adjacent to the light-guiding structure, said particles having a mean diameter which is less than the half of one wavelength of a beam provided for light guiding, preferably less than one fifth of said wavelength, more preferably less than one tenth of said wavelength.
13. A method according to any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein a plurality of printed structures are printed onto a substrate layer or various of the substrate layers (1, 1', 1"', 1"", 7-10) such that the resulting light-guiding structures are configured photometrically separate from each other.
14. A method according to any one of claims 10 to 13 characterised in that the printed structure (2, 2', 2") is printed from a printable polycarbonate material or polycarbonate derivative.
15. A method for verifying a security feature of a valuable and/or security document comprising a document body (13) formed as a laminate and having a light-guiding structure, said method comprising the following steps:

    Injecting light into the light-guiding structure of the document body (13), spatially-resolved measuring of the light that is guided in the light-guiding structure and that emerges from coupling regions (6) on one lateral face (14) or on a plurality of lateral faces (14) which connect an upper side (15) and an underside (16) of the document body (13), and comparing a light emission pattern that is derived from the spatially-resolved measurement of the emerging light with an expected pattern.

Images