EP2212122B1 - Securing of documents by means of digital watermark information - Google Patents
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- EP2212122B1 EP2212122B1 EP08843738.9A EP08843738A EP2212122B1 EP 2212122 B1 EP2212122 B1 EP 2212122B1 EP 08843738 A EP08843738 A EP 08843738A EP 2212122 B1 EP2212122 B1 EP 2212122B1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/10—Watermarks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/333—Watermarks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
- G07D7/0034—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements using watermarks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a document and to a document produced according to the method.
- the document is a security and / or value document.
- Security and / or value documents in many cases comprise individualizing (in particular personalizing) information which represents an assignment of the security and / or value document to an issuer, a group of persons or the person of the document holder.
- personalizing information is particularly suitable image information, such as a passport photograph, a fingerprint or other biometric features, but also alphanumeric strings, such as name, address, place of residence or date of birth of the person.
- security and / or value documents are identity cards, passports, identity (ID) cards, access control cards, visas, tax stamps, tickets, driver's licenses, motor vehicle documents, banknotes, checks, postage stamps, credit cards, any smart cards and adhesive labels (for example for product security).
- From the DE 41 34 539 A1 is a record carrier with colored image information, which is in particular a value or ID card, and a method for manufacturing known.
- the image information is divided into a light / dark portion and a color component.
- the light / dark portion which is intended for the visual impression, is introduced into the recording medium in highly resolved form. This proportion is superimposed on the color image information congruent, so that an integral overall impression is created.
- one of the parts of the image information is introduced into a card structure.
- Embodiments are described in which, for example, the light / dark information is introduced by laser engraving into a transparent film which is applied to a printed ticking.
- the color component is printed on a applied to the film ink-receiving layer or the transparent film.
- the inlay is provided with the color components of the image information by electrophotographic means. Over the colored fixed toner image, a thin transparent cover film is then arranged, in which the light / dark portion of the image information is baked by means of a laser beam writer.
- the inlay is provided with black / white information using a conventional method such as ink jet printing and is covered in the following step with a substantially transparent plastic film, which is suitable for recording migrating colors.
- the colored image components are introduced by means of migrating colors into the depth of the cover layer.
- the cover film can first be printed with the colored image information.
- the ink migrates into the interior of the cover layer until UV radiation initiates crosslinking of the cover layer, which stops further migration.
- the color information is first introduced into the cover layer and subsequently light / dark information is applied using conventional printing methods.
- the film used, under or in which part of the information is arranged does not form a monolithic connection with the tick and therefore can be removed and / or replaced for counterfeiting.
- a part of the information is applied directly to the surface and a forgery and / or manipulation particularly easily accessible.
- the pamphlets US 7,005,003 B2 . EP 0 131 145 B1 . US 5,734,800 and US 6,765,693 B1 describe methods for printing color images with different color separations.
- security documents are often issued by the issuer as a card whose supporting components are made of plastic.
- Polycarbonate has proven to be particularly resistant.
- Such documents should in particular be protected against imitation or it should be reliably detectable that a certain copy was actually issued by the alleged issuer.
- a document can, for. As described in the preceding paragraphs, be constructed and / or have one or more of the aforementioned features.
- WO 2007/016148 A2 describes a counterfeiting image feature for laminated plastic cards used for identification and transaction.
- a microporous silicon dioxide filled polyethylene layer is used, which can be deformed, for example, by imprinting or everting, to create an image that appears like a watermark through subsequently connected layers.
- the watermarked image is represented by a single graphic on the polyethylene layer sandwiched between two variably opaque white ones Laminated plastic layers.
- multiple layers of polyethylene may be bonded together, with each layer having one or more images to create connected watermark-like image layers.
- US 2004/0181671 A discloses methods and systems for the authentication of identification documents and such a document having two or more digital watermarks.
- the document has a substrate that can be made of paper or plastic. Lamination layers are laminated on opposite sides of the substrate.
- the substrate can be printed or engraved on both sides.
- the printing process may be thermal transfer printing, laser printing, ink jet printing and offset printing.
- the identification document has a digital watermark.
- the introduction of a digital watermark means that physical or electronic media are modified in order to embed a machine-readable code in the medium.
- the information can be encoded into a photograph.
- the substrate may carry a first graphic into which a first plurality of data bits may be encoded.
- the substrate may also carry a second graphic in which a second plurality of data bits are encoded. The first plurality of data bits and the second plurality of data bits cooperate to verify the authenticity of the security document.
- US 6,663,945 describes a multilayer card having a base layer, a watermark layer, an image layer, and an opaque layer.
- the print medium on which the image layer is printed by thermal transfer printing may be made of suitable polymers including PVC, PC, ABS, PPS and PETG.
- the image layer may have a cyan color layer, a magenta color layer, a yellow color layer, a black color layer, and a white color layer.
- a thermal transfer printing device may also transfer the watermark layer to the multi-layer card.
- watermark information is introduced into the image information of at least two different layers of a document and the watermark information is designed such that only the entirety of the watermark information in the at least two layers forms a security feature for authentication of the document.
- the layer is meant a mostly planar area in a document defined in a direction transverse to the plane or layer by its position in the document.
- the layer extends in a commercially available card-shaped document, e.g. an identity card, at a constant distance from the surface of the card.
- the term "substrate” is to be distinguished.
- a substrate e.g. Several substrates or layers of material are laminated together, so that they give a composite material.
- a first layer may lie through a first surface of the substrate, a second layer through a second surface of the substrate on the opposite side, and a third layer within the substrate.
- a layer will usually contain only a maximum of two layers of image information.
- Some of the features described below relate to a manufacturing process and to a document produced in the manufacturing process. Also described are features of an authentication method and an authentication device. If a feature refers to several such categories, but the feature is actually described in more detail only in one category, the description applies accordingly to the other categories as well.
- the entirety of the watermark information in the at least two layers can be formed in different ways.
- the entirety of the watermark information can be divided into parts in different ways and introduced into the individual layers.
- the watermark information may be provided with other additional information so that the entirety of the watermark information in these cases does not merely result from simply joining the watermark information in the at least two layers.
- the additional information can be information about where and / or in which layers other partial information of the entirety is located and / or how to proceed in the evaluation of the partial information, about the entirety of the watermark information to obtain.
- the detection of the watermark information contained in the individual layers can proceed in different ways.
- an additional summary detection of watermark information can take place in at least two layers. If, for example, the image information in a first layer is represented exclusively by a first color and the image information in a second layer is represented exclusively by a second, different color, the watermark information from the individual layers can be detected by color-selective detection. A summary detection of the watermark information in both layers is done for example by a non-color-selective detection.
- the summary detection usually contains less information than can be obtained by processing the information from different layers.
- the aggregated multi-layer information may also contain additional information that is not obtained by acquiring the information in the individual layers.
- additional information that is not obtained by acquiring the information in the individual layers.
- One reason for this is that, depending on the detection method, not all the information contained in a layer is captured in all cases. For example, in the case of an optical detection, one reason for this may lie in the fact that further layers whose information is not to be detected disturb the detection and / or the Capture is not sensitive to the entire spectrum.
- Another reason may be that part of the information contained in a layer can only be detected if substances in the layer are excited by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength and therefore emit radiation of characteristic wavelength. Such a fluorescence makes it possible to detect at which points the fluorescent material is located.
- the watermark information in at least one of the layers is introduced only in a partial area of the image area.
- the picture surface is understood to mean the surface within a layer in which the image information is located. Since the watermark information is only in the subarea, finding it is difficult for a viewer who is not previously informed. For the informed viewer or user of readout devices, however, the detection and further processing of the watermark information is facilitated and improved by the knowledge of the subarea if the subareas in which watermark information is located do not lie in different layers or at least do not completely overlap one another. It is e.g. possible to detect and / or evaluate the subareas with the watermark information with a higher resolution than the other image areas.
- the subregions with the watermark information can also be selected such that their particular optical detection from a direction that is perpendicular to the layer plane is not obstructed by substrate material or printed matter in other layers.
- the watermark information in a first layer contains information on which partial area in the first layer or in a second layer other watermark information is arranged and / or how the watermark information is to be evaluated in the second layer and / or in another subregion of the first layer.
- secret rules are defined as to evaluate the watermark information in the first layer (containing the additional information about the device or evaluation)
- a potential counterfeiter can not access the entirety of the watermark information.
- the watermark information can also be personalized. If the potential forger the principle, such as the personalization of watermark information can not recognize, he also can not create a correctly personalized document for another person.
- the watermark information is digital watermark information (in the case of claim 8 only preferably), which in particular is not or at least not perceivable by the naked eye, i. the observer can not recognize that there is watermark information in the image when viewing the image composed of the image information of the individual layers.
- digital watermark information in the case of claim 8 only preferably
- the introduction of watermark information into image information is known per se. A document describing such methods has been given above. In the description of the present invention, therefore, the production of watermark information and the incorporation of watermark information into image information will not be discussed in detail.
- the watermark information which is introduced in different layers, only in its entirety forms an evaluable authentication information.
- the watermark information from only one layer or not all layers and / or not all sub-regions in all layers in which watermark information is located is not sufficient to determine whether the document is authentic.
- the watermark information, if not in its entirety, is preferably not evaluable, i. it can not be a part of the total evaluated.
- An evaluation means that a result can be determined.
- An example of such a design is a set of information that i.a. is evaluated by the fact that a total checksum is calculated. If a part of the whole is missing, the checksum can not be calculated.
- the invention is at least partially dependent on predetermined rules as to how to handle the overall watermark information contained in the document.
- Part of the method for producing a document is therefore also, for example, a method step in which the watermark information, taking into account the evaluation rule and / or the rule for acquiring the watermark information from the document, is first processed such that after the watermark information has been introduced into the document Document a capture and / or evaluation actually leads to the desired result.
- the invention also includes an embodiment in which a subset of the totality of all the watermark information incorporated in the document can also be evaluated.
- a subset of the totality of all the watermark information incorporated in the document can also be evaluated.
- information about the document holder, issuer, or document e.g., document number
- the image information in the individual layers of the document are represented by a different color in each case.
- the base colors of a color system or color space such as red-green-blue, RGB, or cyan-magenta-yellow-black, CMYK
- RGB red-green-blue
- CMYK cyan-magenta-yellow-black
- the assignment of a color to the respective layer increases the security against counterfeiting, since an unambiguous assignment of the watermark information to the respective color is thus also established.
- the color can be used to selectively capture the watermark information of a particular layer, e.g. using color filters during optical detection.
- Coding in a particular embodiment of the present invention are also understood to mean “shades of gray”. For example, a dark gray tone is used in a first layer and a light gray tone is used for the image information in a second layer. However, this makes it difficult to optically capture the image information selectively in the individual layers.
- the overall picture may be z. B. act a passport photograph or a logo.
- an image which is formed by image information in a plurality of layers also means any other design that can be achieved by printing on a substrate.
- text can be graphic and printed from multicolor letters.
- image information is / are introduced in each case in a plurality of layers of the document, so that the image information is supplemented to form an overall picture.
- the positions of the layers are preferably defined by surfaces of different substrates.
- the overall image information is decomposed into at least two print separations, the z. B. each contain a partial information of the overall picture.
- the print separations are also impressed with the watermark information.
- the at least two print separations are printed on at least two different substrate surfaces, so that the printed print separations fit over each other and together make up the overall picture.
- the (in particular layered) substrates can be joined together by lamination.
- the at least two print separations are in these cases printed in at least two spaced-apart planes, but not necessarily on as many different substrates as layers containing image information.
- the present invention relates to a document which has a composite of polycarbonate material layers, which may optionally also contain layers of other materials, for example of cardboard or paper.
- the association serves the production of security and / or value documents.
- the document comprises a polycarbonate material multilayer composite, e.g. B. is welded in transparent protective films.
- a polycarbonate material multilayer composite e.g. B. is welded in transparent protective films.
- other elements and devices may be part of the document, e.g. B. a microchip and an antenna structure for wireless readout of the microchip.
- other materials may be incorporated in the polymeric material, e.g. B. secret additives.
- the image information can be printed or printed on in a manner known per se on individual layers of the polycarbonate material multilayer composite.
- a preferred printing method is inkjet printing or other digital printing method, since digital printing can be used to easily personalize documents, i. H. for example, for the person of the future document holder (for example by printing a passport photograph).
- the polymer material layers can, identically or differently, be based on a polymer material from the group comprising PC (polycarbonate, especially bisphenol A polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers), PE (polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PI (polyimide or poly-trans-isoprene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers of such polymers.
- PC polycarbonate, especially bisphenol A polycarbonate
- PET polyethylene glycol terephthalate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers
- PE polyethylene
- PP Polypropylene
- PI polyimide or poly-trans-isoprene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- a plurality of adjacent material layers of the document are each formed by a polycarbonate material.
- PC materials wherein, for example, but by no means necessarily, so-called low-T g materials are used, in particular for a polymer material layer on which a printing layer is applied, and / or for a polymer material layer, which with a Polymermateriallage , which carries a print layer, is connected on the side with the print layer.
- Low-T g materials are polymers whose glass transition temperature is below 140 ° C.
- the polymer material layers can be filled or unfilled.
- the filled polymer material layers contain, in particular, color pigments or other fillers.
- the polymer material layers can also be dyed with dyes or colorless and, in the latter case, transparent or translucent.
- the base polymer of at least one of the polymer material layers to be bonded contains the same or different mutually reactive groups, wherein at a laminating temperature of less than 200 ° C. reactive groups of a first polymer material layer with one another and / or react with reactive groups of a second polymeric material layer.
- This can reduce the lamination temperature without endangering the intimate bond of the laminated layers.
- various polymer material layers with reactive groups this is due to the fact that the various polymer material layers can no longer be readily delaminated due to the reaction of the respective reactive groups.
- a reactive coupling as it were a reactive lamination.
- due to the lower lamination temperature it is possible to prevent a change in a colored printing layer, in particular a color change, from being prevented. In particular, therefore, it is also possible to accommodate with the naked eye unrecognizable watermark information in the printed image.
- the glass transition temperature T g of the at least one polymer material layer prior to thermal lamination is less than 120 ° C (or less than 110 ° C or less than 100 ° C), wherein the glass transition temperature of this Polymermateriallage after the thermal lamination Reaction of reactive groups of the base polymer of the polymer material layer with each other by at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, higher than the glass transition temperature before the thermal lamination.
- the glass transition temperature T g of the at least one polymer material layer prior to thermal lamination is less than 120 ° C (or less than 110 ° C or less than 100 ° C), wherein the glass transition temperature of this Polymermateriallage after the thermal lamination Reaction of reactive groups of the base polymer of the polymer material layer with each other by at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, higher than the glass transition temperature before the thermal lamination.
- the lamination temperature when using such polymer materials less than 180 ° C, more preferably still less than 150 ° C.
- suitable reactive groups is readily possible for a person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry.
- the reactive groups may be attached directly to the base polymer or linked to the base polymer via a spacer group.
- Suitable spacer groups are all spacer groups known to the person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry.
- the spacer groups may also be oligomers or polymers which impart elasticity, whereby a risk of breakage of the security and / or value document is reduced. Such elasticity-promoting spacer groups are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further described here.
- base polymer in the context of the above statements designates a polymer structure which does not bear any groups reactive under the lamination conditions used. These may be homopolymers or copolymers. Compared to the polymers mentioned also modified polymers are included.
- the respective layers are arranged in a polymer material multilayer composite on internal layers of the composite, i. H. Layers that do not form the surface of the layer composite. In this case, counterfeiting or falsification of printing layers serving as security features is made difficult or even impossible. This is also advantageous for the unchanged preservation of the watermark information.
- a security feature for example at least part of the overall watermark information
- the Printing materials contain binders which at least substantially consist of the same polymer as the material of the layers of the layer composite.
- the risk of delaminations is virtually eliminated because when laminating a monolithic composite of the individual layers is formed.
- a plurality of adjacent material layers of polycarbonate is / is formed and the image information in at least one of the layers is / is formed by printing materials which contain polycarbonate-based binders.
- the printed materials can be printed on inner layers of the layer composite, in which case in particular all layers of the layer composite adjacent to the printed layers are formed from polycarbonate.
- a preparation comprising: A) 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative, B) 30 to 99.9 wt .-% of a preferably organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0 to 10 wt D) 0 to 10% by weight of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0 to 30% by weight of additives and / or auxiliaries , or a mixture of such substances, wherein the sum of the components A) to E) always gives 100 wt .-%, as a printing ink.
- Such polycarbonate derivatives are highly compatible with polycarbonate materials, in particular with polycarbonates based on bisphenol A, such as, for example, Makrofol® films.
- the polycarbonate derivative used is stable to high temperatures and shows no discoloration at lamination-typical temperatures up to 200 ° C and more, whereby the use of the above-described low-Tg materials is not necessary.
- the polycarbonate derivative may contain functional carbonate structural units of the formula (I) wherein R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 -aryl, preferably phenyl, and C 7 -C 12 -Aralkyl, preferably phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, in particular benzyl, are; m is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5; R 3 and R 4 are individually selectable for each X, independently of one another is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; X is carbon and n is an integer greater than 20, with the proviso that on at least one atom X, R 3 and R 4 are simultaneously alkyl.
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C
- X, R 3 and R 4 may be simultaneously alkyl at 1 to 2 atoms, in particular only at one atom.
- R 3 and R 4 may be in particular methyl.
- the X atoms in the ⁇ -position to the diphenyl-substituted C atom (C1) may not be dialkyl-substituted.
- the X atoms in ⁇ -position to C1 can be disubstituted with alkyl.
- m 4 or 5.
- the polycarbonate derivative can be prepared, for example, on the basis of monomers, such as 4,4 '- (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, 4,4' - (3,3- dimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, or 4,4 '- (2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,1-diyl) diphenol.
- a polycarbonate derivative can be used, for example, according to the literature DE-A 38 32 396 be prepared from diphenols of the formula (Ia). It is possible to use both a diphenol of the formula (Ia) to form homopolycarbonates and a plurality of diphenols of the formula (Ia) to form copolycarbonates (meaning of radicals, groups and parameters, as in formula I).
- diphenols of the formula (Ia) may also be mixed with other diphenols, for example with those of the formula (Ib) HO-Z-OH (Ib), be used for the preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonate derivatives.
- Suitable other diphenols of the formula (Ib) are those in which Z is an aromatic radical having 6 to 30 C atoms, which may contain one or more aromatic nuclei, may be substituted, and aliphatic radicals or cycloaliphatic radicals other than those of the formula (II) Ia) or heteroatoms may contain as bridge members.
- diphenols of the formula (Ib) are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bi- (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) -cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis ( hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes, and their nuclear alkylated and nuclear halogenated compounds.
- diphenols of the formula (Ib) are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bi- (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) -cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis ( hydroxyphenyl)
- Preferred other diphenols are, for example: 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3-methyl) chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 2,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclo
- diphenols of the formula (Ib) are, for example, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis- (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexane.
- 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is preferred.
- the other diphenols can be used both individually and in a mixture.
- Diphenols of the formula (Ia) should be between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 2 mol% (Ia) to 98 mol% (Ib), preferably between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 10 mol% (Ia) to 90 mol% (Ib) and especially between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 30 mol% (Ia) to 70 mol% (Ib).
- the high molecular weight polycarbonate derivatives from the diphenols of the formula (Ia), optionally in combination with other diphenols, can be prepared by the known polycarbonate production processes.
- the various diphenols can be linked together both statistically and in blocks.
- the polycarbonate derivatives used can be branched in a manner known per se. If the branching is desired, this can in known manner by condensing small amounts, preferably amounts of 0.05 to 2.0 mol% (based on diphenols), of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, especially those with three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups.
- Some branching agents having three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups are phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri - (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylmethane , 2,2-bis [4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl] propane, -2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenol, 2,6-bis (2 -hydroxy-5-methyl-benzyl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -propane, hexa- [4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropy
- Some of the other trifunctional compounds are 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole
- Molecular weight of the polycarbonate derivatives are mono functional compounds in conventional concentrates. Suitable compounds are, for example, phenol, tert-butylphenols or other alkyl-substituted phenols.
- phenols of the formula (Ic) are suitable wherein R represents a branched C 8 and / or C 9 alkyl radical.
- the chain terminators are generally used in amounts of 0.5 to 10, preferably 1.5 to 8 mol%, based on diphenols used.
- the polycarbonate derivatives may preferably be prepared according to the interfacial behavior (cf. H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Polymer Reviews, Vol. IX, p. 33ff., Interscience Publ. 1964 ) are prepared in a conventional manner.
- the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are dissolved in an aqueous alkaline phase.
- mixtures of diphenols of the formula (Ia) and the other diphenols, for example those of the formula (Ib), are used.
- chain terminators of, for example, the formula (Ic) can be added.
- organic phase is reacted with phosgene by the method of interfacial condensation.
- the reaction temperature is in the range of 0 ° C to 40 ° C.
- the optionally used with branching agents can be presented either with the diphenols in the aqueous alkaline phase or dissolved in the organic solvent added before phosgenation.
- diphenols of the formula (Ia) and, if appropriate, other diphenols (Ib) their mono- and / or bis-chlorocarbonic acid esters may also be used, these being added dissolved in organic solvents.
- the amount of chain terminators and of branching agents then depends on the molar amount of diphenolate radicals corresponding to formula (Ia) and optionally formula (Ib); When using chloroformates the amount of phosgene can be reduced accordingly in a known manner.
- Suitable organic solvents for the chain terminators and optionally for the branching agents and the chloroformates are, for example, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and in particular mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene.
- the chain terminators and branching agents used can be dissolved in the same solvent.
- methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene serve as the organic phase for the interfacial polycondensation.
- the aqueous alkaline phase used is, for example, NaOH solution.
- the preparation of the polycarbonate derivatives by the interfacial process can in the usual way by catalysts such as tertiary amines, in particular tertiary aliphatic amines, such as Tributylamine or triethylamine; the catalysts can be used in amounts of 0.05 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenols used.
- the catalysts can be added before the beginning of the phosgenation or during or after the phosgenation.
- the polycarbonate derivatives can be prepared by the known method in the homogeneous phase, the so-called "pyridine process" and by the known melt transesterification process using, for example, diphenyl carbonate instead of phosgene.
- the polycarbonate derivatives may be linear or branched, they are homopolycarbonates or copolycarbonates based on the diphenols of the formula (Ia).
- the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are present in amounts of from 100 mol% to 2 mol%, preferably in amounts of from 100 mol% to 10 mol% and in particular in amounts of from 100 mol% to 30 mol% %, based on the total amount of 100 mol% of diphenol units contained in polycarbonate derivatives.
- the polycarbonate derivative may be a copolymer comprising, in particular consisting thereof, monomer units M1 based on the formula (Ib), preferably bisphenol A, and monomer units M2 based on the geminally disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, preferably the 4,4 '- (3,3,5 -trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, wherein the molar ratio M2 / M1 is preferably greater than 0.3, in particular greater than 0.4, for example greater than 0.5. It is preferred that the polycarbonate derivative has a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, preferably from 20,000 to 300,000.
- component B may be substantially organic or aqueous.
- Substantially aqueous means that up to 20% by weight of component B) can be organic solvents.
- Substantially organic means that up to 5% by weight of water may be present in component B).
- Component B preferably contains one or consists of a liquid aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbon, a liquid organic ester and / or a mixture of such substances.
- the organic solvents used are preferably halogen-free organic solvents.
- aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons such as mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene; (organic) esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate.
- (organic) esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate.
- a suitable solvent mixture comprises, for example, L1) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 2 to 3% by weight, mesitylene, L2) 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight %, in particular 30 to 40% by weight, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, L3) 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 7 to 15% by weight, 1 , 2,4-trimethylbenzene, L4) 10 to 50 wt.%, Preferably 25 to 50 wt.%, In particular 30 to 40 wt.%, Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, L5) 0 to 10 wt.
- the preparation may contain in detail: A) 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative based on a geminal disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, B) 40 to 99.9 wt %, in particular 45 to 99.5% by weight, of an organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0.1 to 6% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a colorant or colorant mixture, D ) 0.001 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 4 wt .-%, of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 20 wt .-%, Additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture of such substances.
- colorant is all colorants. That means it can be both colorant (a review of dyes there Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, Chapter “Dyes, General Survey ”) as well as pigments (gives an overview of organic and inorganic pigments Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, chapter “Pigments, Organic” and “Pigments, Inorganic Dyes should be soluble or (stably) dispersible or suspendible in the solvents of component B. It is furthermore advantageous if the colorant is stable at temperatures of 160 ° C.
- the colorant of a given and reproducible Color change is subjected to the processing conditions and selected accordingly.
- pigments must be present in particular in the finest particle size distribution. For inkjet printing, this means in practice that the particle size should not exceed 1.0 ⁇ m, since otherwise blockages in the print head are the result.
- nanoscale solid-state pigments and dissolved dyes have proven their worth.
- the colorants may be cationic, anionic or even neutral. Only examples of colorants which can be used in ink-jet printing are: Brilliant black CI No. 28440, Chromogen black CI No. 14645, Direct deep black E CI No. 30235, true black salt B CI No.
- anthraquinone, azo, quinophthalone, coumarin, methine, perinone, and / or pyrazole dyes for example those obtainable under the trade name Macrolex®, can be used as soluble colorants reference Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, Chapter "Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks Well-soluble colorants lead to an optimal integration into the matrix or the binder of the print layer
- the colorants can be added either directly as a dye or pigment or as a paste, a mixture of dye and pigment together with another binder additional binder should be chemically compatible with the other components of the formulation, if such a paste is used as a colorant, the quantity of component B refers to the colorant without the other components of the paste, these other components of the paste
- Component D comprises substances that can be seen directly by the human eye or by the use of suitable detectors using technical aids.
- materials known to those skilled in the art (see also van Renesse in: "Optical document security", 3rd ed., Artech House, 2005 ), which are used to secure value and security documents.
- luminescent substances dye or pigments, organic or inorganic
- photoluminophores such as photoluminophores, electroluminophores, Antistokes luminophores, fluorophores but also magnetizable, photoacoustically addressable or piezoelectric materials.
- Raman-active or Raman-enhancing materials can be used, as well as so-called barcode materials.
- the preferred criteria are either the solubility in the component B or pigmented systems particle sizes ⁇ 1 micron and a temperature stability for temperatures> 160 ° C in the sense of the comments on the component C.
- Functional materials can be added directly or via a paste, ie a mixture with a further binder, which then forms part of component E, or the binder of component A.
- Component E of inks for ink-jet printing includes conventionally prepared materials such as anti-foaming agents, modifiers, wetting agents, surfactants, flow agents, dryers, catalysts, (light) stabilizers, preservatives, biocides, surfactants, organic viscosity adjusting polymers, buffer systems.
- adjusting agents are customary actuating salts in question. An example of this is sodium lactate.
- biocides all commercially available preservatives which are used for inks come into question. Examples are Proxel®GXL and Parmetol® A26.
- Suitable surfactants are all commercially available surfactants which are used for inks. Preferred are amphoteric or nonionic surfactants.
- surfactants which do not alter the properties of the dye.
- suitable surfactants are betaines, ethoxylated diols. Examples are the product series Surfynol® and Tergitol®.
- the amount of surfactants is particularly selected when used for ink-jet printing, for example, provided that the surface tension of the ink is in the range of 10 to 60 mN / m, preferably 20 to 45 mN / m, measured at 25 ° C.
- a buffer system can be set up which stabilizes the pH in the range from 2.5 to 8.5, in particular in the range from 5 to 8.
- Suitable buffer systems are lithium acetate, borate buffer, triethanolamine or acetic acid / sodium acetate.
- One Buffer system will come in particular in the case of a substantially aqueous component B in question.
- To adjust the viscosity of the ink (possibly water-soluble) polymers can be provided.
- all suitable for conventional ink formulations polymers come into question.
- Examples are water-soluble starch, in particular having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 7,000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, especially having an average molecular weight of 25,000 to 250,000, polyvinyl alcohol, especially having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 20,000, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymer , in particular having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 8,000.
- An example of the latter block copolymer is the product series Pluronic®.
- the proportion of biocide, based on the total amount of ink may be in the range of 0 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
- the proportion of surfactant can range from 0 to 0.2 wt .-%.
- the proportion of adjusting agents based on the total amount of ink, 0 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, amount.
- the auxiliaries also include other components, such as, for example, acetic acid, formic acid or n-methylpyrolidone or other polymers from the dye solution or paste used.
- component E is supplemented, for example, on Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Chemical Industry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, Chapter “Paints and Coatings", Section “Paint Additives ", directed.
- ink composition is particularly suitable for ink-jet printing, but may be used for any other printing technique as long as the ratio of the individual components to the application is adjusted.
- Essential in this context is that the composition described in the case of the at least one layer in the subject matter of claim 1 and claim 8 as binder contains a polycarbonate derivative.
- the image information is formed by pixels (pixels) of ink-jet printing at least in one of the layers having watermark information.
- a printed image is particularly well suited for introducing digital watermarks into image information.
- the watermark can be introduced into the image information by changing the shape, size and / or composition of pixels of the printed image.
- a pixel composed of a plurality of sub-areas of predefined shape and / or size may encode a pixel that is part of the watermark information. If a pixel has a different shape, it may be z. B. not for watermark information.
- Fig. 1 shows five layers 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (material layers) of a document 1 in exploded view from the side, ie, the top layer 3 and the bottom layer 11 form the outer surfaces of the document 1.
- the representation can also be used as a representation Intermediate step in the preparation of the document 1 are understood. In this case shows Fig. 1 the condition immediately before laminating layers 3-11.
- Three inner layers 5, 7, 9 of the document 1 each have a portion 15, 17, 19 on its lower surface.
- image information in the form of a printed image preferably an inkjet print image, is printed.
- each of the print images is executed in a single base color of a multi-component color system, eg RGB or CMYK.
- a multi-component color system eg RGB or CMYK.
- the document may have more layers, which may also be printed in subregions, for example, with the missing fourth color of the CMYK color space.
- the printed subregions 15, 17, 19 are thus positioned in the layers 5, 7, 9 and are arranged before lamination to each other so that the printed images in the Subregions 15, 17, 19 when viewing the outer surface (from below and / or from above) of the document 1 give an overall picture. In the case of the color systems mentioned, therefore, the overall picture is generally multi-colored.
- At least two of the partial areas 15, 17, 19 each contain watermark information in the printed image.
- the watermark information is carried out according to claim 1 as information of a digital watermark, which is preferably not perceptible to a viewer or only with technical aids.
- layers 5, 7, 9 may be, for example, the layers of the document 1 according to Fig. 1 act. These layers in turn have a portion 15, 17, 19, which is printed with image information.
- each of the regions 15, 17, 19 has a subregion 25, 27, 29 which contains watermark information. Outside these subregions 25, 27, 29, image information is likewise present, but no watermark information.
- these subregions 25, 27, 29 are not superimposed on the precise lamination of the layers 5, 7, 9. Even if the unaware viewer or potential counterfeiter should recognize a watermark when viewing the surface of the document 1, he does not notice that the overall watermark information is distributed over the three layers of the layers 5, 7, 9.
- the watermark information is distributed over the layers.
- the partial regions 25, 27, 29 could overlap in whole or in part, the notion of overlapping assuming that the regions 15, 17, 19 in the illustration of FIG Fig. 2 viewed from above or below.
- Fig. 3 shows in the top left of the picture a document 1, which is for example the in Fig. 1 and or Fig. 2 described document can act.
- first watermark information is acquired from a print image 15 of the document 1.
- the entire image information in the print image 15 is detected.
- this is merely the image information in a first layer of document 1.
- the entire print image in the layer is printed in a single color (eg, yellow).
- the watermark information can then be extracted from the printed image by methods known per se, for example using predefined evaluation rules.
- the extraction of the first watermark information is in Fig. 3 represented by the block 33.
- the first watermark information is fed to an evaluation 37.
- this is only a part of the total watermark information contained in the document 1 before.
- the image need not be an image in a continuous area. Rather, the invention also covers cases in which a plurality of images or partial images are distributed over the area of the document that offers the viewer.
- the watermark information can also be distributed over these multiple images or partial images.
- step 39 image information which also contains watermark information is acquired from a second layer in which the print image 17 is located. For example, In the manner already described, second watermark information is thus obtained in step 41, which is fed to the evaluation 37 in step 43.
- image information is acquired from a print image 19 from a third layer of the document 1 (step 45), third watermark information is extracted (step 47), and the third watermark information is fed to the evaluation 37 in step 49.
- the watermark information may be extracted from a different number of layers (eg, two or four layers of document 1).
- the image areas in which the watermark information is located in the individual layers may completely or partially overlap one another or they may not overlap one another.
- the total information required for the authentication may not be contained exclusively in the image composed by the partial print images in the individual layers. Rather, further information contained in the document can be combined together with the watermark information contained in the image into an overall information, it being this total information that enables the decision as to whether the document is authentic.
- Examples of how further information can be contained in the document are digital data memories (eg a memory chip) and optically recognizable information which optionally can also be encoded, eg in the MRZ (Machine Readable Zone).
- Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with evaluation of print image information in only two different layers of a document 1.
- print image information is acquired from a print image 15 in a first layer (step 51).
- first watermark information is extracted therefrom. From the procedure according to Fig. 3 The method differs now in that information obtained from the first watermark information in step 55 is used to control the acquisition and / or evaluation of further watermark information.
- the first watermark information includes information about where second watermark information is to be captured in the document, ie, for example, in which portion of which layer of the document 1 the second watermark information is contained.
- the layer can be defined by the assigned color.
- step 59 image information is acquired using the information from step 55 in a second layer having a print image 17, and in step 61 the searched second watermark information is extracted.
- print images 15, 17, 19 according to Fig. 3 can print images 15,17 according to Fig. 4 in a preferred embodiment each of a single color of a Be formed color system.
- the printed image is formed, for example, from printing materials of yellow color.
- the print images 17 according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are therefore formed, for example, from printing materials of the color magenta.
- the first and second watermark information extracted in steps 53, 61 are fed to the evaluation 37 in steps 57, 63.
- Fig. 4 The procedure described can be modified. In particular, she can also with the basis of Fig. 3 can be combined. Thus, it is possible, for example, to detect and extract watermark information from different layers completely independently of each other and to use watermark information of individual layers to find, capture and extract watermark information in other layers. Furthermore, in the evaluation 37, which will be described in more detail, watermark information from individual subregions or individual layers can be used to control the evaluation of watermark information from other layers or the overall watermark information.
- each of the watermark information in each layer contains a digital watermark that contains separate information independent of the other watermarks.
- the name of the document owner is determined from the first watermark information
- the date of birth of the document owner is determined from the second watermark information
- the document number is determined from the third watermark information. This information can now be compared with the information obtained from the plain text on the document or, for example, from the MRZ of the document. If, for example, the name, date of birth or document number do not match, the document is not authentic.
- the watermark information can be encrypted, so that it can only be obtained from the watermark if the key is known.
- a cryptographic hash function has been applied for generating the watermark information so that from the watermark information can not be deduced the original, the watermark underlying information.
- the original information is also used to generate a comparison information for checking the authenticity using the hash function.
- the information contained in the watermark may, for example, have been signed with a signature of the issuer in order to unambiguously prove the origin.
- the total information can be composed, for example, of the sum or of another predetermined logical combination of the individual watermark information. For example, from the first, second and third watermarks according to Fig. 3 obtained bit sequences are strung together in a predetermined manner, so that a single 'total bit sequence is obtained.
- the evaluation in this case also means the detection and extraction of the individual watermark information
- already extracted watermark information is used to control e.g. the decryption of watermark information, the order of extraction of watermark information and / or the evaluation of other watermark information in the same document and / or used to determine redundant information.
- the already extracted watermark information may specify the evaluation method to be used (e.g., transformation from the color amplitude space to the frequency space).
- a part of the watermark information (eg the watermark information in the layer which is assigned the color yellow) can be evaluated by itself and independently of the further watermark information and watermark information from other planes (eg a second plane containing the color Magenta is assigned and a third level, which is associated with the color cyan) is evaluable only if the entire information consists of two or more layers.
- the mixed forms can also be designed so that an already extracted part of the total watermark information of all layers controls the acquisition, extraction and / or evaluation. By “controlling” is not understood that the information necessarily controls the process alone. Rather, it is understood that e.g. a software controls the process using the already extracted watermark information.
- an optically readable information eg a font symbol or another symbol, a logo or a graphic, a barcode and / or a watermark, in particular a digital watermark
- an optically readable information eg a font symbol or another symbol, a logo or a graphic, a barcode and / or a watermark, in particular a digital watermark
- Blurred is understood to mean that the color intensity profile at the edge of the object to be printed (e.g., symbol, see above) is slower, i.e., slower. decreases to zero or to a different intensity value over a greater length than is the case in the information without the blur operation.
- this blurring operation can cause the information to no longer be recognized by the viewer.
- intensity maxima and minima of a printing ink on the document in a similar geometric distribution as in a guilloche pattern, the intensity maxima lying, for example, where the guilloche lines usually run and where the minima of intensity are, for example, where usually the middle is located between two guilloche lines.
- the intensity maximum is chosen low enough and the blur chosen to be large enough, i. the transition from the intensity maximum to the intensity minimum takes place with a small decrease in the intensity per unit length, is the pattern thus obtained, or is the information thus obtained not or only recognizable as shading in the document.
- the original information can be calculated. For example, is determined using thresholds for the color intensity along an evaluation direction when a threshold is reached or exceeded or reached or fallen below and the place where the threshold is reached, undershot or exceeded, defined as the edge of an area to be identified.
- Another possibility is to determine the intensity profile along an evaluation direction, e.g. by calculating the intensity gradient as a function of the location to determine and to calculate a corresponding print image, in which the intensity curve is much steeper.
- the intensity can be varied by printing more or less (and / or larger or smaller) pixels of a color per unit area in digital printing.
- the blur operation be performed only in one or more but not all layers containing image information for an overall image.
- FIG. 5 An embodiment is in Fig. 5 shown.
- the upper part of the figure shows the letter "A" on the left in sharp representation, in the middle after the application of a first blur operation and on the right after application of a second one Blur operation, where the first blur operation results in less blur than the second blur operation.
- the lower part of the Fig. 5 shows for each of the three representations of the letter "A" in the upper part of an overall printed image, wherein the letter "A” is printed in a first layer of a document and also in Fig. 5 below recognizable alphabet is printed in addition to the numbers 1 to 4 in a second, different from the first level level.
- the different levels or layers can each again be associated with a color of a color system. For example, if the letter "A" is printed in the color yellow and the alphabet in the color black, the letter “A” will be even less recognizable if the second blur operation has been applied to it (bottom right in Fig. 5 ).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dokuments und ein gemäß dem Verfahren hergestelltes Dokument. Bei dem Dokument handelt es sich um ein Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokument.The invention relates to a method for producing a document and to a document produced according to the method. The document is a security and / or value document.
Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokumente umfassen in vielen Fällen individualisierende (insbesondere personalisierende) Informationen auf, die eine Zuordnung des Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokuments zu einem Aussteller, einer Gruppe von Personen oder der Person des Dokumenten-Inhabers darstellen. Als personalisierende Informationen eignen sich insbesondere Bildinformationen, beispielsweise ein Passbild, ein Fingerabdruck oder andere biometrische Merkmale, aber auch alphanumerische Zeichenfolgen, wie Namen, Adresse, Wohnort oder Geburtsdatum der Person.Security and / or value documents in many cases comprise individualizing (in particular personalizing) information which represents an assignment of the security and / or value document to an issuer, a group of persons or the person of the document holder. As personalizing information is particularly suitable image information, such as a passport photograph, a fingerprint or other biometric features, but also alphanumeric strings, such as name, address, place of residence or date of birth of the person.
Beispiele für Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokumente sind Personalausweise, Reisepässe, Identitäts(ID)-Karten, Zugangskontrollausweise, Visa, Steuerzeichen, Tickets, Führerscheine, Kraftfahrzeugdokumente, Banknoten, Schecks, Postwertzeichen, Kreditkarten, beliebige Chipkarten und Haftetiketten (z.B. zur Produktsicherung).Examples of security and / or value documents are identity cards, passports, identity (ID) cards, access control cards, visas, tax stamps, tickets, driver's licenses, motor vehicle documents, banknotes, checks, postage stamps, credit cards, any smart cards and adhesive labels (for example for product security).
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokumenten bekannt. Beispielsweise sind in den Druckschriften
Aus der
Die Druckschriften
Insbesondere Sicherheitsdokumente werden vom Aussteller häufig als Karte ausgegeben, deren tragende Bestandteile aus Kunststoff bestehen. Polycarbonat hat sich dabei als besonders widerstandsfähig erwiesen. Derartige Dokumente sollen insbesondere vor Nachahmung geschützt werden bzw. es soll zuverlässig feststellbar sein, dass ein bestimmtes Exemplar auch tatsächlich von dem angeblichen Aussteller ausgegeben wurde.In particular, security documents are often issued by the issuer as a card whose supporting components are made of plastic. Polycarbonate has proven to be particularly resistant. Such documents should in particular be protected against imitation or it should be reliably detectable that a certain copy was actually issued by the alleged issuer.
Zur Sicherung von Dokumenten mit Bildbestandteilen, wie z.B. Passbildern oder Reproduktionen von Passbildern oder Bildern, die nicht auf den Inhaber des Dokuments, sondern auf den Dokumenttyp hinweisen (z.B. spezielle Logos), ist es bekannt, digitale Wasserzeichen in das Bild einzubringen. Das Verfahren des Einbringens von digitalen Wasserzeichen beruht auf einer Abwandlung der ursprünglichen Bildinformation. In der Regel sind die Wasserzeichen für den Betrachter nicht oder kaum wahrnehmbare Informationen. Z.B. beschreibt
Ein Dokument kann z. B. wie in den vorangehenden Absätzen beschrieben gefertigt werden, aufgebaut sein und/oder eines oder mehrere der zuvor genannten Merkmale haben.A document can, for. As described in the preceding paragraphs, be constructed and / or have one or more of the aforementioned features.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokuments anzugeben, das die Fälschungssicherheit erhöht. Ferner soll ein entsprechendes Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument angegeben werden.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a value and / or security document which increases the security against counterfeiting. Furthermore, a corresponding value and / or security document should be specified.
Die beigefügten Patentansprüche definieren den Schutzumfang durch:The appended claims define the scope of protection by:
Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokuments, wobei
- in eine Mehrzahl von Schichten des Dokuments jeweils Bildinformation eingebracht wird, sodass sich die Bildinformation zu einem Gesamtbild ergänzt,
- die Bildinformation in zumindest zwei der Schichten digitale Wasserzeicheninformation enthält, wobei erst die Gesamtheit der digitalen Wasserzeicheninformation in den zumindest zwei Schichten ein Sicherheitsmerkmal für eine Authentisierung des Dokuments bildet,
- eine Mehrzahl benachbarter Material-Lagen des Dokuments jeweils durch ein Polycarbonatmaterial gebildet werden und die benachbarten Material-Lagen miteinander fest verbunden werden, sodass diese Material-Lagen einen Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbund bilden,
- die Bildinformation auf Oberflächen der Material-Lagen des Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbundes gedruckt wird,
- die Bildinformation in zumindest einer der Schichten durch Druckstoffe gebildet wird, die Bindemittel auf Polycarbonatbasis enthalten.
- in each case image information is introduced into a plurality of layers of the document, so that the image information complements an overall image,
- the image information contains digital watermark information in at least two of the layers, wherein only the entirety of the digital watermark information in the at least two layers forms a security feature for an authentication of the document,
- a plurality of adjacent material layers of the document are each formed by a polycarbonate material and the adjacent material layers are firmly joined together so that these material layers form a polycarbonate material multilayer,
- the image information is printed on surfaces of the material layers of the polycarbonate material laminate,
- the image information is formed in at least one of the layers by printing materials containing polycarbonate-based binders.
Ein Wert- und/oder Sicherheitsdokument, wobei
- das Dokument eine Mehrzahl von Schichten aufweist, in die jeweils Bildinformation eingebracht ist, sodass sich die Bildinformation zu einem Gesamtbild ergänzt,
- die Bildinformation in zumindest zwei der Schichten Wasserzeicheninformation enthält, wobei erst die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation in den zumindest zwei Schichten ein Sicherheitsmerkmal für eine Authentisierung des Dokuments bildet,
- eine Mehrzahl benachbarter Material-Lagen des Dokuments jeweils durch ein Polycarbonatmaterial gebildet sind und die benachbarten Material-Lagen miteinander fest verbunden sind, sodass diese Material-Lagen einen Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbund bilden,
- die Bildinformation auf Oberflächen der Material-Lagen des Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbundes gedruckt ist,
- die Bildinformation in zumindest einer der Schichten durch Druckstoffe gebildet ist, die Bindemittel auf Polycarbonatbasis enthalten.
- the document has a plurality of layers, in each of which image information is introduced, so that the image information complements an overall image,
- the image information in at least two of the layers contains watermark information, wherein only the entirety of the watermark information in the at least two layers constitutes a security feature for an authentication of the document,
- a plurality of adjacent material layers of the document are each formed by a polycarbonate material and the adjacent material layers are fixedly connected to each other so that these material layers form a polycarbonate material multilayer,
- the image information is printed on surfaces of the material layers of the polycarbonate material laminate,
- the image information is formed in at least one of the layers by printing materials containing polycarbonate-based binders.
Gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen, wie aber an sich bereits aus
Mit dem Begriff "Schicht" wird ein meist ebener Bereich in einem Dokument verstanden, der in einer Richtung quer zu der Ebene bzw. Schicht durch seine Position in dem Dokument definiert ist. Z.B. erstreckt sich die Schicht bei einem marktüblichen kartenförmigen Dokument, z.B. einer Identitätskarte, in einem konstanten Abstand von der Oberfläche der Karte.By the term "layer" is meant a mostly planar area in a document defined in a direction transverse to the plane or layer by its position in the document. For example, the layer extends in a commercially available card-shaped document, e.g. an identity card, at a constant distance from the surface of the card.
Von dem Begriff "Schicht" ist der Begriff "Substrat" zu unterscheiden. Bei einem üblichen Kartendokument z.B. werden mehrere Substrate oder Material-Lagen miteinander laminiert, so dass sie einen Materialverbund ergeben. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, dass bereits eine einzige Lage zwei oder sogar mehr als zwei Schichten enthält, in denen sich Bildinformation für das Gesamtbild befindet. Insbesondere kann eine erste Schicht durch eine erste Oberfläche des Substrats, eine zweite Schicht durch eine zweite Oberfläche des Substrats auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite und eine dritte Schicht innerhalb des Substrats liegen. Allerdings kann es in der Praxis vorkommen, dass z.B. beim Bedrucken einer Oberfläche Druckstoffe auch in das Innere des Substrats eindringen. Daher wird eine Lage meist lediglich maximal zwei Schichten mit Bildinformationen enthalten.From the term "layer" the term "substrate" is to be distinguished. For example, in a standard map document, e.g. Several substrates or layers of material are laminated together, so that they give a composite material. In principle, it is possible that even a single layer contains two or even more than two layers in which image information for the overall image is located. In particular, a first layer may lie through a first surface of the substrate, a second layer through a second surface of the substrate on the opposite side, and a third layer within the substrate. However, in practice, it may happen that e.g. When printing a surface printing materials also penetrate into the interior of the substrate. Therefore, a layer will usually contain only a maximum of two layers of image information.
Einige der im Folgenden beschriebenen Merkmale beziehen sich auf ein Herstellungsverfahren und auf ein in dem Herstellungsverfahren hergestelltes Dokument. Beschrieben werden außerdem Merkmale eines Authentisierungs-Verfahrens und einer Authentisierungs-Vorrichtung. Wenn sich ein Merkmal auf mehrere solcher Kategorien bezieht, das Merkmal konkret aber nur in einer Kategorie näher beschrieben wird, trifft die Beschreibung entsprechend auch für die anderen Kategorien zu.Some of the features described below relate to a manufacturing process and to a document produced in the manufacturing process. Also described are features of an authentication method and an authentication device. If a feature refers to several such categories, but the feature is actually described in more detail only in one category, the description applies accordingly to the other categories as well.
Die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation in den zumindest zwei Schichten kann auf unterschiedliche Weise gebildet werden. Anders ausgedrückt kann die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation in unterschiedlicher Weise in Teile zerlegt und in die einzelnen Schichten eingebracht werden. Bei der Zerlegung kann die Wasserzeicheninformation mit anderen, zusätzlichen Informationen versehen werden, so dass sich die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation in diesen Fällen nicht lediglich durch einfaches Aneinanderfügen aus der Wasserzeicheninformation in den zumindest zwei Schichten ergibt. Bei der zusätzlichen Information kann es sich z.B., wie noch näher ausgeführt wird, um Information darüber handeln, wo und/oder in welchen Schichten sich andere Teilinformation der Gesamtheit befindet und/oder wie bei der Auswertung der Teilinformation vorzugehen ist, um die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation zu erhalten.The entirety of the watermark information in the at least two layers can be formed in different ways. In other words, the entirety of the watermark information can be divided into parts in different ways and introduced into the individual layers. In the decomposition, the watermark information may be provided with other additional information so that the entirety of the watermark information in these cases does not merely result from simply joining the watermark information in the at least two layers. As will be explained in more detail below, the additional information can be information about where and / or in which layers other partial information of the entirety is located and / or how to proceed in the evaluation of the partial information, about the entirety of the watermark information to obtain.
Nicht nur bei der Auswertung, sondern auch bei der Erfassung der in den einzelnen Schichten enthaltenen Wasserzeicheninformation kann auf unterschiedliche Weise vorgegangen werden. So ist es bei einer ersten Ausgestaltung möglich, lediglich die Wasserzeicheninformationen in den einzelnen Schichten separat voneinander zu erfassen und gemäß vorgegebener Vorschrift daraus die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation zu bilden. In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung aber kann eine zusätzliche, summarische Erfassung von Wasserzeicheninformation in zumindest zwei Schichten stattfinden. Wenn beispielsweise die Bildinformation in einer ersten Schicht ausschließlich durch eine erste Farbe dargestellt wird und die Bildinformation in einer zweiten Schicht ausschließlich durch eine zweite, andere Farbe dargestellt wird, kann die Wasserzeicheninformation aus den einzelnen Schichten durch eine farbselektive Erfassung erfasst werden. Eine summarische Erfassung der Wasserzeicheninformation in beiden Schichten erfolgt z.B. durch eine nicht farbselektive Erfassung. Die summarische Erfassung enthält in der Regel weniger Information, als durch eine Aufbereitung der Informationen aus verschiedenen Schichten erhalten werden kann. Die summarisch erfasste Information aus mehreren Schichten kann jedoch auch zusätzliche Information enthalten, die durch die Erfassung der Information in den einzelnen Schichten nicht erhalten wird. Ein Grund hierfür liegt darin, dass abhängig von dem Erfassungsverfahren nicht in allen Fällen die gesamte in einer Schicht enthaltene Information auch erfasst wird. Z.B. bei einer optischen Erfassung kann ein Grund hierfür darin liegen, dass weitere Schichten, deren Information nicht erfasst werden soll, die Erfassung stören und/oder die Erfassung nicht für das gesamte Spektrum sensitiv ist. Ein weiterer Grund kann darin liegen, dass ein Teil der in einer Schicht enthaltenen Information nur dann erfasst werden kann, wenn Stoffe in der Schicht durch Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung einer bestimmten Wellenlänge angeregt werden und daher eine Strahlung charakteristischer Wellenlänge emittieren. Durch eine solche Fluoreszenz wird erst erfassbar, an welchen Stellen sich das fluoreszierende Material befindet.Not only in the evaluation, but also in the detection of the watermark information contained in the individual layers can proceed in different ways. Thus, in a first embodiment it is possible to detect only the watermark information in the individual layers separately from one another and to form the entirety of the watermark information therefrom in accordance with a prescribed rule. In a particular embodiment, however, an additional summary detection of watermark information can take place in at least two layers. If, for example, the image information in a first layer is represented exclusively by a first color and the image information in a second layer is represented exclusively by a second, different color, the watermark information from the individual layers can be detected by color-selective detection. A summary detection of the watermark information in both layers is done for example by a non-color-selective detection. The summary detection usually contains less information than can be obtained by processing the information from different layers. However, the aggregated multi-layer information may also contain additional information that is not obtained by acquiring the information in the individual layers. One reason for this is that, depending on the detection method, not all the information contained in a layer is captured in all cases. For example, in the case of an optical detection, one reason for this may lie in the fact that further layers whose information is not to be detected disturb the detection and / or the Capture is not sensitive to the entire spectrum. Another reason may be that part of the information contained in a layer can only be detected if substances in the layer are excited by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength and therefore emit radiation of characteristic wavelength. Such a fluorescence makes it possible to detect at which points the fluorescent material is located.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung ist die Wasserzeicheninformation in zumindest einer der Schichten lediglich in einem Teilbereich der Bildfläche eingebracht. Unter der Bildfläche wird die Fläche innerhalb einer Schicht verstanden, in der sich die Bildinformation befindet. Da die Wasserzeicheninformation sich lediglich in dem Teilbereich befindet, ist das Auffinden für einen nicht vorinformierten Betrachter erschwert. Für den informierten Betrachter oder Nutzer von Auslesegeräten aber wird das Erfassen und Weiterverarbeiten der Wasserzeicheninformation durch die Kenntnis des Teilbereichs erleichtert und verbessert, wenn die Teilbereiche, in denen sich Wasserzeicheninformation befindet, in verschiedenen Schichten nicht oder zumindest nicht vollständig übereinander liegen. Es ist z.B. möglich, die Teilbereiche mit der Wasserzeicheninformation mit einer höheren Auflösung als die sonstigen Bildbereiche zu erfassen und/oder auszuwerten. Auch können die Teilbereiche mit der Wasserzeicheninformation so gewählt werden, dass ihre insbesondere optische Erfassung aus einer Richtung, die senkrecht zur Schichtebene verläuft, nicht durch Substratmaterial oder Druckstoffe in anderen Schichten behindert wird.In a particular embodiment, the watermark information in at least one of the layers is introduced only in a partial area of the image area. The picture surface is understood to mean the surface within a layer in which the image information is located. Since the watermark information is only in the subarea, finding it is difficult for a viewer who is not previously informed. For the informed viewer or user of readout devices, however, the detection and further processing of the watermark information is facilitated and improved by the knowledge of the subarea if the subareas in which watermark information is located do not lie in different layers or at least do not completely overlap one another. It is e.g. possible to detect and / or evaluate the subareas with the watermark information with a higher resolution than the other image areas. The subregions with the watermark information can also be selected such that their particular optical detection from a direction that is perpendicular to the layer plane is not obstructed by substrate material or printed matter in other layers.
Wenn in zumindest einer der Schichten die Wasserzeicheninformation lediglich in einen Teilbereich der Bildfläche eingebracht ist, ist eine besonders vorteilhafte Verfahrensweise möglich, bei der die Wasserzeicheninformation in einer ersten Schicht Information darüber enthält, in welchem Teilbereich in der ersten Schicht oder in einer zweiten Schicht andere Wasserzeicheninformation angeordnet ist und/oder wie die Wasserzeicheninformation in der zweiten Schicht und/oder in einem anderen Teilbereich der ersten Schicht auszuwerten ist. Insbesondere wenn geheime Regeln definiert sind, wie die Wasserzeicheninformation in der ersten Schicht (die die zusätzliche Information über die Anordnung oder Auswertung enthält) auszuwerten ist, kann ein potentieller Fälscher nicht an die Gesamtheit der Wasserzeicheninformation gelangen. Z.B. bei personalisierten Dokumenten kann auch die Wasserzeicheninformation personalisiert sein. Wenn der potentielle Fälscher das Prinzip, wie die Personalisierung der Wasserzeicheninformation durchgeführt wurde, nicht erkennen kann, kann er auch nicht ein für eine andere Person korrekt personalisiertes Dokument erstellen.If, in at least one of the layers, the watermark information is introduced only into a partial area of the image area, a particularly advantageous procedure is possible in which the watermark information in a first layer contains information on which partial area in the first layer or in a second layer other watermark information is arranged and / or how the watermark information is to be evaluated in the second layer and / or in another subregion of the first layer. In particular, if secret rules are defined as to evaluate the watermark information in the first layer (containing the additional information about the device or evaluation), a potential counterfeiter can not access the entirety of the watermark information. For example, in the case of personalized documents, the watermark information can also be personalized. If the potential forger the principle, such as the personalization of watermark information can not recognize, he also can not create a correctly personalized document for another person.
Bei der Wasserzeicheninformation handelt es sich im Fall des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 um digitale Wasserzeicheninformation (im Fall des Anspruchs 8 nur vorzugsweise), die insbesondere nicht oder zumindest nicht mit ungeschultem Auge wahrnehmbar ist, d.h. der Betrachter kann bei Betrachtung des Bildes, das sich aus den Bildinformationen der einzelnen Schichten zusammensetzt, nicht erkennen, dass sich in dem Bild Wasserzeicheninformation befindet. Das Einbringen von Wasserzeicheninformation in Bildinformation (insbesondere in Bildinformation, die durch Digital-Druck in das Dokument eingebracht wird) ist an sich bekannt. Ein Dokument, das solche Verfahren beschreibt, wurde oben angegeben. Bei der Beschreibung der vorliegenden Erfindung wird daher nicht näher auf die Erzeugung von Wasserzeicheninformation und das Einbringen von Wasserzeicheninformation in Bildinformation eingegangen.In the case of the
Erfindungsgemäß bildet die Wasserzeicheninformation, die in verschiedenen Schichten eingebracht ist, erst in ihrer Gesamtheit eine auswertbare Authentisierungs-Information. Anders ausgedrückt reicht die Wasserzeicheninformation aus nur einer Schicht oder aus nicht allen Schichten und/oder aus nicht allen Teilbereichen in allen Schichten, in denen sich Wasserzeicheninformation befindet, nicht dazu aus festzustellen, ob das Dokument authentisch ist. Darüber hinaus ist die Wasserzeicheninformation, wenn sie nicht in ihrer Gesamtheit vorliegt, vorzugsweise nicht auswertbar, d.h. es kann nicht ein Teil der Gesamtheit ausgewertet werden. Unter einer Auswertung wird verstanden, dass ein Ergebnis festgestellt werden kann. Ein Beispiel für eine solche Ausgestaltung ist eine Gesamtheit von Informationen, die u.a. dadurch ausgewertet wird, dass aus der Gesamtheit eine Prüfsumme berechnet wird. Fehlt ein Teil der Gesamtheit, kann die Prüfsumme nicht berechnet werden.According to the invention, the watermark information, which is introduced in different layers, only in its entirety forms an evaluable authentication information. In other words, the watermark information from only one layer or not all layers and / or not all sub-regions in all layers in which watermark information is located is not sufficient to determine whether the document is authentic. Moreover, the watermark information, if not in its entirety, is preferably not evaluable, i. it can not be a part of the total evaluated. An evaluation means that a result can be determined. An example of such a design is a set of information that i.a. is evaluated by the fact that a total checksum is calculated. If a part of the whole is missing, the checksum can not be calculated.
Wie diese Ausgestaltung zeigt, ist die Erfindung zumindest teilweise von vorgegebenen Regeln abhängig, wie mit der in dem Dokument enthaltenen Gesamt-Wasserzeicheninformation zu verfahren ist. Teil des Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Dokuments ist daher z.B. auch ein Verfahrensschritt, bei dem die Wasserzeicheninformation unter Berücksichtigung der Auswertungsvorschrift und/oder der Vorschrift zur Erfassung der Wasserzeicheninformation aus dem Dokument zunächst so aufbereitet wird, dass nach dem Einbringen der Wasserzeicheninformation in das Dokument eine Erfassung und/oder Auswertung auch tatsächlich zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis führt.As this embodiment shows, the invention is at least partially dependent on predetermined rules as to how to handle the overall watermark information contained in the document. Part of the method for producing a document is therefore also, for example, a method step in which the watermark information, taking into account the evaluation rule and / or the rule for acquiring the watermark information from the document, is first processed such that after the watermark information has been introduced into the document Document a capture and / or evaluation actually leads to the desired result.
Außer der zuvor beschriebenen Ausgestaltung umfasst die Erfindung jedoch auch eine Ausgestaltung, bei der auch eine Untermenge der Gesamtheit aller in dem Dokument eingebrachter Wasserzeicheninformation ausgewertet werden kann. Z.B. kann aus der in einer ersten Schicht oder in einem ersten Teilbereich irgendeiner Schicht eingebrachten Wasserzeicheninformation eine Information über den Dokumenteninhaber, den Aussteller oder das Dokument (z.B. Dokumentennummer) erhalten werden, indem diese Untermenge ausgewertet wird.However, apart from the embodiment described above, the invention also includes an embodiment in which a subset of the totality of all the watermark information incorporated in the document can also be evaluated. For example, For example, information about the document holder, issuer, or document (e.g., document number) can be obtained from the watermark information included in a first layer or in a first subregion of any layer by evaluating that subset.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung sind die Bildinformationen in den einzelnen Schichten des Dokuments durch jeweils eine andere Farbe dargestellt. Verwendet man in an sich bekannter Weise die Basisfarben eines Farbsystems bzw. Farbraumes (wie Rot-Grün-Blau, RGB, oder Cyan-Magenta-Gelb-Schwarz, CMYK), wird für jede der Schichten vorzugsweise höchstens eine der Basisfarben verwendet, jedenfalls soweit es ein bestimmtes Bild betrifft, das durch die Farbinformation in den einzelnen Schichten gebildet wird.In a preferred embodiment, the image information in the individual layers of the document are represented by a different color in each case. If the base colors of a color system or color space (such as red-green-blue, RGB, or cyan-magenta-yellow-black, CMYK) are used in a manner known per se, preferably at most one of the base colors is used for each of the layers, at least to the extent it concerns a particular image formed by the color information in the individual layers.
Die Zuordnung einer Farbe zu der jeweiligen Schicht erhöht die Fälschungssicherheit, da somit auch eine eindeutige Zuordnung der Wasserzeicheninformation zu der jeweiligen Farbe festgelegt ist. Außerdem kann die Farbe dazu benutzt werden, selektiv die Wasserzeicheninformation einer bestimmten Schicht zu erfassen, z.B. unter Verwendung von Farbfiltern während der optischen Erfassung.The assignment of a color to the respective layer increases the security against counterfeiting, since an unambiguous assignment of the watermark information to the respective color is thus also established. In addition, the color can be used to selectively capture the watermark information of a particular layer, e.g. using color filters during optical detection.
Unter "Farben" werden bei einem bestimmten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung auch "Grautöne" verstanden. Z.B. wird in einer ersten Schicht ein dunkler Grauton und in einer zweiten Schicht ein heller Grauton für die Bildinformation verwendet. Allerdings erschwert dies das optische Erfassen der Bildinformation selektiv in den einzelnen Schichten."Colors" in a particular embodiment of the present invention are also understood to mean "shades of gray". For example, a dark gray tone is used in a first layer and a light gray tone is used for the image information in a second layer. However, this makes it difficult to optically capture the image information selectively in the individual layers.
In dieser Beschreibung wird von Farben gesprochen, wenn die optische Wirkung beschrieben wird. Wird dagegen die Herstellung eines Druckbildes beschrieben, wird von Druckstoffen (z. B. Tinten) gesprochen, die die jeweilige Farbe haben.In this description, colors are used when the optical effect is described. If, on the other hand, the production of a printed image is described, one speaks of printing materials (eg inks) which have the respective color.
Bei dem Gesamtbild kann es sich z. B. um ein Passbild oder ein Logo handeln. Unter einem Bild, das durch Bildinformation in mehreren Schichten gebildet wird, wird im Sinne dieser Beschreibung jedoch auch jegliche andere durch Drucken auf ein Substrat erzielbare Gestaltung verstanden. Z. B. kann Text grafisch gestaltet sein und aus mehrfarbigen Lettern gedruckt werden.The overall picture may be z. B. act a passport photograph or a logo. For the purposes of this description, however, an image which is formed by image information in a plurality of layers also means any other design that can be achieved by printing on a substrate. For example, text can be graphic and printed from multicolor letters.
Bei dem Dokument ist bzw. wird in einer Mehrzahl von Schichten des Dokuments jeweils Bildinformation eingebracht, sodass sich die Bildinformation zu einem Gesamtbild ergänzt. Dabei sind die Positionen der Schichten vorzugsweise durch Oberflächen von verschiedenen Substraten definiert.In the case of the document, image information is / are introduced in each case in a plurality of layers of the document, so that the image information is supplemented to form an overall picture. The positions of the layers are preferably defined by surfaces of different substrates.
Z. B. wird die Gesamtbildinformation in mindestens zwei Druckauszüge zerlegt, die z. B. jeweils eine Teilinformation des Gesamtbildes enthalten. Den Druckauszügen wird außerdem noch die Wasserzeicheninformation eingeprägt. Dann werden die mindestens zwei Druckauszüge auf mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Substratoberflächen gedruckt, so dass die gedruckten Druckauszüge passgenau übereinander liegen und gemeinsam das Gesamtbild ergeben.For example, the overall image information is decomposed into at least two print separations, the z. B. each contain a partial information of the overall picture. The print separations are also impressed with the watermark information. Then the at least two print separations are printed on at least two different substrate surfaces, so that the printed print separations fit over each other and together make up the overall picture.
Z. B. können die (insbesondere schichtförmigen) Substrate durch Lamination miteinander verbunden werden. Die mindestens zwei Druckauszüge sind in diesen Fällen in mindestens zwei voneinander beabstandeten Ebenen gedruckt, nicht aber zwangsläufig auf ebenso vielen verschiedenen Substraten wie Schichten, die Bildinformation enthalten.For example, the (in particular layered) substrates can be joined together by lamination. The at least two print separations are in these cases printed in at least two spaced-apart planes, but not necessarily on as many different substrates as layers containing image information.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Dokument, das einen Verbund aus Polycarbonatmateriallagen aufweist, der gegebenenfalls auch Lagen aus anderen Materialien, beispielsweise aus Pappe oder Papier zusätzlich enthalten kann. Der Verbund dient der Herstellung von Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokumenten.The present invention relates to a document which has a composite of polycarbonate material layers, which may optionally also contain layers of other materials, for example of cardboard or paper. The association serves the production of security and / or value documents.
Das Dokument weist einen Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbund auf, der z. B. in transparente Schutzfolien eingeschweißt ist. Außer Polymermaterialien können weitere Elemente und Einrichtungen Teil des Dokuments sein, z. B. ein Mikrochip und eine Antennenstruktur zum drahtlosen Auslesen des Mikrochips. Ferner können in das Polymermaterial andere Stoffe eingebracht sein, z. B. geheime Zusatzstoffe.The document comprises a polycarbonate material multilayer composite, e.g. B. is welded in transparent protective films. In addition to polymer materials, other elements and devices may be part of the document, e.g. B. a microchip and an antenna structure for wireless readout of the microchip. Further, other materials may be incorporated in the polymeric material, e.g. B. secret additives.
Die Bildinformation kann in an sich bekannter Weise auf einzelne Schichten des Polycarbonatmateriallagenverbundes aufgedruckt worden sein bzw. aufgedruckt werden. Ein bevorzugtes Druckverfahren ist Tintenstrahldruck oder ein anderes digitales Druckverfahren, da mit dem Digitaldruck Dokumente auf einfache Weise individualisiert werden können, d. h. beispielsweise für die Person des zukünftigen Dokumenten-Inhabers personalisiert werden können (z.B. durch Aufdrucken eines Passbildes).The image information can be printed or printed on in a manner known per se on individual layers of the polycarbonate material multilayer composite. A preferred printing method is inkjet printing or other digital printing method, since digital printing can be used to easily personalize documents, i. H. for example, for the person of the future document holder (for example by printing a passport photograph).
Gemäß dem Fachwissen sind als Werkstoffe für die Polymermateriallagen z. B. alle im Bereich der Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokumente üblichen Werkstoffe einsetzbar. Die Polymermateriallagen können, gleich oder verschieden, auf Basis eines Polymerwerkstoffes aus der Gruppe, umfassend PC (Polycarbonat, insbesondere Bisphenol A Polycarbonat), PET (Polyethylenglykolterephthalat), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylat), TPU (Thermoplastische Polyurethan Elastomere), PE (Polyethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PI (Polyimid oder Poly-trans-Isopren), PVC (Polyvinylchlorid) und Copolymeren solcher Polymere, gebildet sein. Gemäß den Ansprüchen ist/wird jedoch eine Mehrzahl benachbarter Material-Lagen des Dokuments jeweils durch ein Polycarbonatmaterial gebildet. Bevorzugt ist der Einsatz von PC-Werkstoffen, wobei beispielsweise, aber keinesfalls notwendigerweise, auch sogenannte Nieder-Tg-Werkstoffe einsetzbar sind, insbesondere für eine Polymermateriallage, auf welcher eine Druckschicht aufgebracht ist, und/oder für eine Polymermateriallage, welche mit einer Polymermateriallage, die eine Druckschicht trägt, verbunden ist, und zwar auf der Seite mit der Druckschicht. Nieder-Tg-Werkstoffe sind Polymere, deren Glastemperatur unterhalb von 140°C liegt.According to the expert knowledge as materials for the polymer material layers z. B. all common in the field of security and / or value documents materials used. The polymer material layers can, identically or differently, be based on a polymer material from the group comprising PC (polycarbonate, especially bisphenol A polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers), PE (polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PI (polyimide or poly-trans-isoprene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers of such polymers. However, according to the claims, a plurality of adjacent material layers of the document are each formed by a polycarbonate material. Preference is given to the use of PC materials, wherein, for example, but by no means necessarily, so-called low-T g materials are used, in particular for a polymer material layer on which a printing layer is applied, and / or for a polymer material layer, which with a Polymermateriallage , which carries a print layer, is connected on the side with the print layer. Low-T g materials are polymers whose glass transition temperature is below 140 ° C.
Die Polymermateriallagen können gefüllt oder ungefüllt eingesetzt werden. Die gefüllten Polymermateriallagen enthalten insbesondere Farbpigmente oder andere Füllstoffe. Die Polymermateriallagen können auch mit Farbstoffen gefärbt oder farblos und in letzterem Falle transparent oder transluzent sein.The polymer material layers can be filled or unfilled. The filled polymer material layers contain, in particular, color pigments or other fillers. The polymer material layers can also be dyed with dyes or colorless and, in the latter case, transparent or translucent.
Bevorzugt ist es dabei, wenn das Grundpolymer zumindest einer der zu verbindenden Polymermateriallagen (um durch Laminierung das Dokument oder den Lagenverbund zu erhalten) gleiche oder verschiedene miteinander reaktive Gruppen enthält, wobei bei einer Laminiertemperatur von weniger als 200°C reaktive Gruppen einer ersten Polymermateriallage miteinander und/oder mit reaktiven Gruppen einer zweiten Polymermateriallage reagieren. Dadurch kann die Laminiertemperatur herabgesetzt werden, ohne dass dadurch der innige Verbund der laminierten Schichten gefährdet wird. Dies liegt im Falle verschiedener Polymermateriallagen mit reaktiven Gruppen daran, dass die verschiedenen Polymermateriallagen auf Grund der Reaktion der jeweiligen reaktiven Gruppen nicht mehr ohne weiteres delaminiert werden können. Denn zwischen den Polymermateriallagen findet eine reaktive Kopplung statt, gleichsam ein reaktives Laminieren. Des Weiteren wird ermöglicht, dass wegen der niedrigeren Laminiertemperatur eine Veränderung einer farbigen Druckschicht, insbesondere eine Farbveränderung, verhindert wird. Insbesondere daher ist es auch möglich, mit dem bloßen Auge nicht mehr erkennbare Wasserzeicheninformation im Druckbild unterzubringen.It is preferred in this case if the base polymer of at least one of the polymer material layers to be bonded (to obtain the document or the layer composite by lamination) contains the same or different mutually reactive groups, wherein at a laminating temperature of less than 200 ° C. reactive groups of a first polymer material layer with one another and / or react with reactive groups of a second polymeric material layer. This can reduce the lamination temperature without endangering the intimate bond of the laminated layers. In the case of various polymer material layers with reactive groups, this is due to the fact that the various polymer material layers can no longer be readily delaminated due to the reaction of the respective reactive groups. Because between the polymer material layers takes place a reactive coupling, as it were a reactive lamination. Furthermore, due to the lower lamination temperature, it is possible to prevent a change in a colored printing layer, in particular a color change, from being prevented. In particular, therefore, it is also possible to accommodate with the naked eye unrecognizable watermark information in the printed image.
Vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die Glastemperatur Tg der zumindest einen Polymermateriallage vor der thermischen Laminierung weniger als 120°C (oder auch weniger als 110°C oder weniger als 100°C) beträgt, wobei die Glastemperatur dieser Polymermateriallage nach der thermischen Laminierung durch Reaktion reaktiver Gruppen des Grundpolymers der Polymermateriallage miteinander um zumindest 5°C, vorzugsweise zumindest 20 °C, höher als die Glastemperatur vor der thermischen Laminierung ist. Hierbei erfolgt nicht nur eine reaktive Kopplung der miteinander zu laminierenden Schichten. Vielmehr werden das Molekulargewicht und somit die Glastemperatur durch Vernetzung des Polymers innerhalb der Schicht und zwischen den Schichten erhöht. Dies erschwert ein Delaminieren zusätzlich, da beispielsweise die Drucktinten insbesondere bei einem Manipulationsversuch durch die hohen notwendigen Delaminationstemperaturen irreversibel beschädigt werden und das Dokument dadurch zerstört wird. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Laminiertemperatur beim Einsatz solcher Polymerwerkstoffe weniger als 180°C, besser noch weniger als 150°C. Die Auswahl der geeigneten reaktiven Gruppen ist für einen Fachmann auf dem Gebiet der Polymerchemie ohne Probleme möglich. Beispielhafte reaktive Gruppen sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, umfassend -CN, -OCN, -NCO, -NC, -SH, -Sx, -Tos, -SCN, -NCS, -H, -Epoxy (-CHOCH2), - NH2, -NN+, -NN-R, -OH, -COOH, -CHO, -COOR, -Hal (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), -Me-Hal (Me = zumindest zweiwertiges Metall, beispielsweise Mg), -Si(OR)3, -SiHal3, -CH=CH2, und - COR", wobei R" eine beliebige reaktive oder nicht-reaktive Gruppe sein kann, beispielsweise H, Hal, C1-C20-Alkyl, C3-C20-Aryl, C4-C20-ArAlkyl, jeweils verzweigt oder linear, gesättigt oder ungesättigt, optional substituiert, oder korrespondierende Heterocyclen mit einem oder mehreren gleichen oder verschiedenen Heteroatomen N, O, oder S. Andere reaktive Gruppen sind selbstverständlich möglich. Hierzu gehören die Reaktionspartner der Diels-Alder Reaktion oder einer Metathese.It is advantageous if the glass transition temperature T g of the at least one polymer material layer prior to thermal lamination is less than 120 ° C (or less than 110 ° C or less than 100 ° C), wherein the glass transition temperature of this Polymermateriallage after the thermal lamination Reaction of reactive groups of the base polymer of the polymer material layer with each other by at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, higher than the glass transition temperature before the thermal lamination. In this case, not only is a reactive coupling of the layers to be laminated together. Rather, the molecular weight and thus the glass transition temperature are increased by crosslinking of the polymer within the layer and between the layers. This complicates delamination in addition, since, for example, the printing inks are irreversibly damaged, in particular in a manipulation attempt by the high delamination temperatures necessary and the document is thereby destroyed. Preferably, the lamination temperature when using such polymer materials less than 180 ° C, more preferably still less than 150 ° C. The choice of suitable reactive groups is readily possible for a person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry. Exemplary reactive groups are selected from the group consisting of -CN, -OCN, -NCO, -NC, -SH, -S x, -Tos, -SCN, -NCS, -H, -epoxy (-CHOCH 2), - NH 2 , -NN + , -NN-R, -OH, -COOH, -CHO, -COOR, -Hal (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), -Me-Hal (Me = at least divalent metal , for example Mg), -Si (OR) 3 , -SiHal 3 , -CH = CH 2 , and - COR ", where R" can be any reactive or non-reactive group, for example H, Hal, C 1 -C 20- alkyl, C 3 -C 20 -aryl, C 4 -C 20 -aralkyl, in each case branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, or corresponding heterocycles having one or more identical or different heteroatoms N, O, or S. Other reactive groups are of course possible. These include the reaction partners of the Diels-Alder reaction or a metathesis.
Die reaktiven Gruppen können direkt an dem Grundpolymer gebunden oder über eine Spacergruppe mit dem Grundpolymer verbunden sein. Als Spacergruppen kommen alle dem Fachmann für Polymerchemie bekannten Spacergruppen in Frage. Dabei können die Spacergruppen auch Oligomere oder Polymere sein, welche Elastizität vermitteln, wodurch eine Bruchgefahr des Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokuments reduziert wird. Solche elastizitätsvermittelnden Spacergruppen sind dem Fachmann bekannt und brauchen daher hier nicht weiter beschrieben zu werden. Lediglich beispielhaft seien Spacergruppen genannt, welche ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, umfassend -(CH2)n-, - (CH2-CH2-O)n-, -(SiR2-O)n-, -(C6H4)n-, -(C6H10)n-, C1-Cn-Alkylen-, -C3-C(n+3)-Arylen-, -C4-C(n+4)-ArAlkylen-, jeweils verzweigt oder linear, gesättigt oder ungesättigt, optional substituiert, oder korrespondierenden Heterocyclen mit einem oder mehreren, gleichen oder verschiedenen Heteroatomen O, N, oder S, wobei n = 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10. Bezüglich weiterer reaktiver Gruppen oder Möglichkeiten der Modifikation wird auf die Literaturstelle "
Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die jeweiligen Schichten in einem Polymermateriallagenverbund auf innen liegenden Schichten des Verbundes angeordnet sind, d. h. Schichten, die nicht die Oberfläche des Schichtenverbundes bilden. In diesem Falle ist eine Fälschung oder Verfälschung von als Sicherheitsmerkmalen dienenden Druckschichten erschwert oder sogar ausgeschlossen. Dies ist auch für den unveränderten Erhalt der Wasserzeicheninformation von Vorteil.It is advantageous if the respective layers are arranged in a polymer material multilayer composite on internal layers of the composite, i. H. Layers that do not form the surface of the layer composite. In this case, counterfeiting or falsification of printing layers serving as security features is made difficult or even impossible. This is also advantageous for the unchanged preservation of the watermark information.
Allerdings besteht in diesem Falle das Problem, dass herkömmliche kartenförmige Datenträger durch Manipulation relativ leicht delaminiert werden können. Für den Fall, dass durch drucktechnische Verfahren auf einer innen liegenden Schicht des Lagenverbundes ein Sicherheitsmerkmal (z. B. zumindest ein Teil der Gesamt-Wasserzeicheninformation) aufgebracht ist, wird es dadurch gelöst, dass die Druckstoffe Bindemittel enthalten, die zumindest im Wesentlichen aus demselben Polymer bestehen wie das Material der Lagen des Lagenverbundes. In diesem Falle wird die Gefahr von Delaminationen praktisch ausgeschlossen, weil sich beim Laminieren ein monolithischer Verbund der einzelnen Lagen bildet. Erfindungsgemäß ist/wird eine Mehrzahl benachbarter Material-Lagen aus Polycarbonat gebildet und ist/wird die Bildinformation in zumindest einer der Schichten durch Druckstoffe gebildet, die Bindemittel auf Polycarbonatbasis enthalten. In letzterem Falle können die Druckstoffe auf innen liegenden Lagen des Lagenverbundes gedruckt sein/werden, wobei insbesondere alle an die Druckschichten angrenzenden Lagen des Lagenverbundes aus Polycarbonat gebildet sind.However, in this case there is the problem that conventional card-shaped data carriers can be delaminated relatively easily by manipulation. In the event that a security feature (for example at least part of the overall watermark information) is applied by printing techniques on an inner layer of the layer composite, it is achieved by the fact that the Printing materials contain binders which at least substantially consist of the same polymer as the material of the layers of the layer composite. In this case, the risk of delaminations is virtually eliminated because when laminating a monolithic composite of the individual layers is formed. According to the invention, a plurality of adjacent material layers of polycarbonate is / is formed and the image information in at least one of the layers is / is formed by printing materials which contain polycarbonate-based binders. In the latter case, the printed materials can be printed on inner layers of the layer composite, in which case in particular all layers of the layer composite adjacent to the printed layers are formed from polycarbonate.
Für den Druck auf Polycarbonat-Verbundlagen sind grundsätzlich alle fachüblichen Tinten einsetzbar. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung einer Zubereitung, enthaltend: A) 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-% eines Bindemittels mit einem Polycarbonatderivat, B) 30 bis 99,9 Gew.-% eines vorzugsweise organischen Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemischs, C) 0 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Farbmittels oder Farbmittelgemischs (Gew.-% bezogen auf dessen Trockenmasse), D) 0 bis 10 Gew.-% eines funktionalen Materials oder einer Mischung funktionaler Materialien, E) 0 bis 30 Gew.-% Additive und/oder Hilfsstoffe, oder einer Mischung solcher Stoffe, wobei die Summe der Komponenten A) bis E) stets 100 Gew.-% ergibt, als Drucktinte. Solche Polycarbonatderivate sind hochkompatibel mit Polycarbonatwerkstoffen, insbesondere mit Polycarbonaten auf Basis Bisphenol A, wie beispielsweise Makrofol® Folien. Zudem ist das eingesetzte Polycarbonatderivat hochtemperaturstabil und zeigt keinerlei Verfärbungen bei laminationstypischen Temperaturen bis zu 200°C und mehr, wodurch auch der Einsatz der vorstehend beschriebenen Nieder-Tg-Werkstoffe nicht notwendig ist. Im Einzelnen kann das Polycarbonatderivat funktionelle Carbonatstruktureinheiten der Formel (I) enthalten,
Außerdem können die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) auch im Gemisch mit anderen Diphenolen, beispielsweise mit denen der Formel (Ib)
HO-Z-OH (Ib),
zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen, thermoplastischen, aromatischen Polycarbonatderivaten verwendet werden.In addition, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) may also be mixed with other diphenols, for example with those of the formula (Ib)
HO-Z-OH (Ib),
be used for the preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonate derivatives.
Geeignete andere Diphenole der Formel (Ib) sind solche, in denen Z ein aromatischer Rest mit 6 bis 30 C-Atomen ist, der einen oder mehrere aromatische Kerne enthalten kann, substituiert sein kann und aliphatische Reste oder andere cycloaliphatische Reste als die der Formel (Ia) oder Heteroatome als Brückenglieder enthalten kann. Beispiele der Diphenole der Formel (Ib) sind Hydrochinon, Resorcin, Dihydroxydiphenyle, Bi-(hydroxyphenyl)-alkane, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkane, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfide, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ether, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ketone, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfone, Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfoxide, α,α'-Bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropylbenzole sowie deren kernalkylierte und kernhalogenierte Verbindungen. Diese und weitere geeignete Diphenole sind beispielsweise in
Die Komponente B kann grundsätzlich im Wesentlichen organisch oder wässrig sein. Im Wesentlichen wässrig bedeutet dabei, dass bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Komponente B) organische Lösungsmittel sein können. Im Wesentlichen organisch bedeutet, dass bis zu 5 Gew.-% Wasser in der Komponente B) vorliegen können. Vorzugsweise enthält die Komponente B einen bzw. besteht aus einem flüssigen aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff, einem flüssigen organischen Ester und/oder einer Mischung solcher Substanzen. Die eingesetzten organischen Lösungsmittel sind vorzugsweise halogenfreie organische Lösungsmittel. In Frage kommen insbesondere aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Mesitylen, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol und Solvent Naptha, Toluol, Xylol; (organische) Ester, wie Methylacetat, Ethylacetat, Butylacetat, Methoxypropylacetat, Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionat. Bevorzugt sind Mesitylen, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol und Solvent Naptha, Toluol, Xylol, Essigsäuremethylester, Essigsäureethylester, Methoxypropylacetat. Ethyl-3-ethoxy-propionat. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Mesitylen (1,3,5-Trimethylbenzol), 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol (2-Phenylpropan), Solvent Naptha und Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionat. Ein geeignetes Lösungsmittelgemisch umfasst beispielsweise L1) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere 2 bis 3 Gew.-%, Mesitylen, L2) 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 30 bis 40 Gew.-%, 1-Methoxy-2-propanolacetat, L3) 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 7 bis 15 Gew.-%, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzol, L4) 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 30 bis 40 Gew.-%, Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionat, L5) 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, Cumol, und L6) 0 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere 15 bis 25 Gew.-%, Solvent Naphtha, wobei die Summe der Komponenten L1 bis L6 stets 100 Gew.-% ergibt.In principle, component B may be substantially organic or aqueous. Substantially aqueous means that up to 20% by weight of component B) can be organic solvents. Substantially organic means that up to 5% by weight of water may be present in component B). Component B preferably contains one or consists of a liquid aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbon, a liquid organic ester and / or a mixture of such substances. The organic solvents used are preferably halogen-free organic solvents. Particularly suitable are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene; (organic) esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. Preference is given to mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, Xylene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate. Ethyl 3-ethoxy-propionate. Very particular preference is given to mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene (2-phenylpropane), solvent naphtha and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. A suitable solvent mixture comprises, for example, L1) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 2 to 3% by weight, mesitylene, L2) 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight %, in particular 30 to 40% by weight, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, L3) 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 7 to 15% by weight, 1 , 2,4-trimethylbenzene, L4) 10 to 50 wt.%, Preferably 25 to 50 wt.%, In particular 30 to 40 wt.%, Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, L5) 0 to 10 wt. , preferably 0.01 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-%, cumene, and L6) 0 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 25 wt .-%, solvent naphtha, wherein the sum of components L1 to L6 always gives 100 wt .-%.
Die Zubereitung kann im Detail enthalten: A) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, eines Bindemittels mit einem Polycarbonatderivat auf Basis eines geminal disubstituierten Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkans, B) 40 bis 99,9 Gew.-%, insbesondere 45 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, eines organischen Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemischs, C) 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-%, eines Farbmittels oder Farbmittelgemischs, D) 0,001 bis 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 bis 4 Gew.-%, eines funktionalen Materials oder einer Mischung funktionaler Materialien, E) 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, Additive und/oder Hilfsstoffe, oder eine Mischung solcher Stoffe.The preparation may contain in detail: A) 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative based on a geminal disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, B) 40 to 99.9 wt %, in particular 45 to 99.5% by weight, of an organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0.1 to 6% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a colorant or colorant mixture, D ) 0.001 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 4 wt .-%, of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 20 wt .-%, Additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture of such substances.
Als Komponente C, sofern ein Farbmittel vorgesehen sein soll, kommt grundsätzlich jedes beliebige Farbmittel oder Farbmittelgemisch in Frage. Unter Farbmittel sind alle farbgebenden Stoffe bezeichnet. Das bedeutet, es kann sich sowohl um Farbstoffe (einen Überblick über Farbstoffe gibt
Die Komponente D umfasst Substanzen, die unter Einsatz von technischen Hilfsmitteln unmittelbar durch das menschliche Auge oder durch Verwendung von geeigneten Detektoren ersichtlich sind. Hier sind die dem Fachmann einschlägig bekannten Materialien (vgl. auch
Die Komponente E umfasst bei Tinten für einen Tintenstrahldruck üblicherweise eingerichtete Stoffe wie Antischaummittel, Stellmittel, Netzmittel, Tenside, Fließmittel, Trockner, Katalysatoren, (Licht-) Stabilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Biozide, Tenside, organische Polymere zur Viskositätseinstellung, Puffersysteme. Als Stellmittel kommen fachübliche Stellsalze in Frage. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist Natriumlactat. Als Biozide kommen alle handelsüblichen Konservierungsmittel, welche für Tinten verwendet werden, in Frage. Beispiele hierfür sind Proxel®GXL und Parmetol® A26. Als Tenside kommen alle handelsüblichen Tenside, welche für Tinten verwendet werden, in Frage. Bevorzugt sind amphotere oder nichtionische Tenside. Selbstverständlich ist aber auch der Einsatz spezieller anionischer oder kationischer Tenside, welche die Eigenschaften des Farbstoffs nicht verändern, möglich. Beispiele für geeignete Tenside sind Betaine, ethoxilierte Diole. Beispiele sind die Produktreihen Surfynol® und Tergitol®. Die Menge an Tensiden wird insbesondere bei Anwendung für den Tintenstrahldruck beispielsweise mit der Maßgabe gewählt, dass die Oberflächenspannung der Tinte im Bereich von 10 bis 60 mN/m, vorzugsweise 20 bis 45 mN/m, gemessen bei 25°C, liegt. Es kann ein Puffersystem eingerichtet sein, welches den pH-Wert im Bereich von 2,5 bis 8,5, insbesondere im Bereich von 5 bis 8, stabilisiert. Geeignete Puffersysteme sind Lithiumacetat, Boratpuffer, Triethanolamin oder Essigsäure/Natriumacetat. Ein Puffersystem wird insbesondere im Falle einer im Wesentlichen wässrigen Komponente B in Frage kommen. Zur Einstellung der Viskosität der Tinte können (ggf. wasserlösliche) Polymere vorgesehen sein. Hier kommen alle für übliche Tintenformulierungen geeigneten Polymere in Frage. Beispiele sind wasserlösliche Stärke, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 3.000 bis 7.000, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 25.000 bis 250.000, Polyvinylalkohol, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 10.000 bis 20.000, XanthanGummi, Carboxy-Methylcellulose, Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockcopolymer, insbesondere mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 1.000 bis 8.000. Ein Beispiel für das letztgenannte Blockcopolymer ist die Produktreihe Pluronic®. Der Anteil an Biozid, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, kann im Bereich von 0 bis 0,5 Gew-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.-%, liegen. Der Anteil an Tensid, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, kann im Bereich von 0 bis 0,2 Gew.-% liegen. Der Anteil an Stellmitteln kann, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tinte, 0 bis 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.-%, betragen. Zu den Hilfsmitteln werden auch sonstige Komponenten gezählt, wie beispielsweise Essigsäure, Ameisensäure oder n-Methyl-Pyrolidon oder sonstige Polymere aus der eingesetzten Farbstofflösung oder -Paste. Bezüglich Substanzen, welche als Komponente E geeignet sind, wird ergänzend beispielsweise auf
Die vorstehend beschriebene Tintenzusammensetzung ist insbesondere für den Tintenstrahldruck geeignet, kann aber auch für beliebige andere Drucktechniken eingesetzt werden, sofern das Verhältnis der einzelnen Komponenten an die Anwendung angepasst wird. Wesentlich in diesem Zusammenhang ist, dass die beschriebene Zusammensetzung im Fall der zumindest einen Schicht beim Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 und des Anspruchs 8 als Bindemittel ein Polycarbonatderivat enthält.The above-described ink composition is particularly suitable for ink-jet printing, but may be used for any other printing technique as long as the ratio of the individual components to the application is adjusted. Essential in this context is that the composition described in the case of the at least one layer in the subject matter of
Ganz generell, unabhängig davon, ob die zuvor beschriebenen Druckstoffe (insbesondere Tinten) eingesetzt werden oder nicht, wird es bevorzugt, dass die Bildinformation zumindest in einer der Schichten, die eine Wasserzeicheninformation aufweist, durch Pixel (Bildelemente) eines Tintenstrahldruckes gebildet wird. Ein solches Druckbild eignet sich besonders gut, um digitale Wasserzeichen in Bildinformationen einzubringen. Z.B. kann das Wasserzeichen durch Veränderung der Form, Größe und/oder Zusammensetzung von Pixeln des Druckbildes in die Bildinformation eingebracht werden.More generally, regardless of whether or not the above-described printing materials (especially inks) are used, it is preferable that the image information is formed by pixels (pixels) of ink-jet printing at least in one of the layers having watermark information. Such a printed image is particularly well suited for introducing digital watermarks into image information. For example, the watermark can be introduced into the image information by changing the shape, size and / or composition of pixels of the printed image.
Z.B. kann durch ein Pixel, das aus einer Mehrzahl von Teilflächen in vordefinierter Form und/oder Größe zusammengesetzt ist, ein Bildpunkt codiert werden, der Teil der Wasserzeicheninformation ist. Hat ein Pixel eine andere Form gehört es z. B. nicht zur Wasserzeicheninformation.For example, For example, a pixel composed of a plurality of sub-areas of predefined shape and / or size may encode a pixel that is part of the watermark information. If a pixel has a different shape, it may be z. B. not for watermark information.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben. Die einzelnen Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Lagen eines Dokuments in Explosionsdarstellung von der Seite,
- Fig. 2
- Lagen eines Dokuments in perspektivischer Explosionsdarstellung,
- Fig. 3
- ein Flussdiagramm zur Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispieles eines Verfahrens zur Authentisierung eines Dokuments,
- Fig. 4
- ein Flussdiagramm zur Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispieles eines Authentisierungs-Verfahrens und
- Fig. 5
- eine Darstellung eines weiteren Sicherheitsmerkmals, das auf einer vordefinierten, absichtlich unscharfen Darstellung von Bildobjekten basiert.
- Fig. 1
- Laying a document in an exploded view from the side,
- Fig. 2
- Positions of a document in perspective exploded view,
- Fig. 3
- a flowchart for illustrating a first embodiment of a method for authenticating a document,
- Fig. 4
- a flowchart illustrating a further embodiment of an authentication method and
- Fig. 5
- a representation of another security feature that is based on a predefined, deliberately blurred representation of image objects.
Drei innen liegende Lagen 5, 7, 9 des Dokuments 1 weisen jeweils einen Teilbereich 15, 17, 19 an ihrer unteren Oberfläche auf. In diesen Teilbereichen 15, 17, 19 ist jeweils Bildinformation in Form eines Druckbildes, vorzugsweise eines Tintenstrahl-Druckbildes, aufgedruckt. Bevorzugtermaßen ist jedes der Druckbilder in einer einzigen Basis-Farbe eines Mehrkomponenten-Farbsystems ausgeführt, z.B. RGB oder CMYK. Wie durch drei untereinander angeordnete Punkte links in
Die bedruckten Teilbereiche 15, 17, 19 sind so in den Lagen 5, 7, 9 positioniert und werden vor dem Laminieren so aneinander angeordnet, dass die Druckbilder in den Teilbereichen 15, 17, 19 bei Betrachtung der Außenoberfläche (von unten und/oder von oben) des Dokuments 1 ein Gesamtbild ergeben. Im Fall der erwähnten Farbsysteme ist das Gesamtbild daher im Allgemeinen mehrfarbig.The printed
Zumindest zwei der Teilbereiche 15, 17, 19 enthalten jeweils Wasserzeicheninformation in dem Druckbild. Dabei ist die Wasserzeicheninformation gemäß Anspruch 1 als Information eines digitalen Wasserzeichens ausgeführt, welches vorzugsweise für einen Betrachter nicht oder nur mit technischen Hilfsmitteln wahrnehmbar ist.At least two of the
Bei den in
Anhand von
In einem folgenden Schritt 35 wird die erste Wasserzeicheninformation einer Auswertung 37 zugeführt. Damit liegt aber lediglich ein Teil der Gesamt-Wasserzeicheninformation, die in dem Dokument 1 enthalten ist, vor.In a following
Wenn in dieser Patentanmeldung von einem Gesamtbild die Rede ist, das durch Bildinformation in mehreren Schichten gebildet wird, so muss es sich bei dem Bild nicht um ein Bild in einer durchgehenden Fläche handeln. Vielmehr erfasst die Erfindung auch Fälle, in denen mehrere Bilder oder Teilbilder über die sich dem Betrachter bietende Fläche des Dokuments verteilt sind. Auch die Wasserzeicheninformation kann über diese mehreren Bilder oder Teilbilder verteilt sein.When this application is concerned with an overall image formed by image information in multiple layers, the image need not be an image in a continuous area. Rather, the invention also covers cases in which a plurality of images or partial images are distributed over the area of the document that offers the viewer. The watermark information can also be distributed over these multiple images or partial images.
In Schritt 39 wird aus einer zweiten Schicht, in der sich das Druckbild 17 befindet, Bildinformation erfasst, die ebenfalls Wasserzeicheninformation enthält. Z.B. auf die bereits beschriebene Weise wird so in Schritt 41 zweite Wasserzeicheninformation erhalten, die in Schritt 43 der Auswertung 37 zugeführt wird.In
Wie unten in
Auf die Funktionsweise der Auswertung 37, die der Feststellung dient, ob das Dokument 1 authentisch ist oder nicht, wird noch näher eingegangen, nachdem
Zu der anhand von
In Schritt 59 wird unter Nutzung der Information aus dem Schritt 55 in einer zweiten Schicht mit einem Druckbild 17 Bildinformation erfasst und in Schritt 61 wird die gesuchte zweite Wasserzeicheninformation extrahiert.In
Wie auch die Druckbilder 15, 17, 19 gemäß
Die in den Schritten 53, 61 extrahierten ersten und zweiten Wasserzeicheninformationen werden in den Schritten 57, 63 der Auswertung 37 zugeführt.The first and second watermark information extracted in
Auch die anhand von
In einem einfachen Fall wird in der Auswertung 37 wie folgt verfahren: Wie in
Ganz generell gilt bei der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass die Wasserzeicheninformation verschlüsselt vorliegen kann, so dass sie nur bei Kenntnis des Schlüssels aus dem Wasserzeichen gewonnen werden kann. Auch kann für die Erzeugung der Wasserzeicheninformation z.B. eine kryptographische Hashfunktion angewendet worden sein, so dass aus der Wasserzeicheninformation nicht auf die ursprüngliche, dem Wasserzeichen zugrundeliegende Information zurückgeschlossen werden kann. In diesem Fall wird bei der Auswertung z.B. ebenfalls die ursprüngliche Information dazu genutzt, unter Anwendung der Hashfunktion eine Vergleichsinformation zum Überprüfen der Authentizität zu erzeugen. Ferner kann die in dem Wasserzeichen enthaltene Information z.B. mit einer Signatur des Ausstellers signiert worden sein, um die Herkunft eindeutig zu belegen.Quite generally, in the case of the present invention, the watermark information can be encrypted, so that it can only be obtained from the watermark if the key is known. Also, for example, a cryptographic hash function has been applied for generating the watermark information so that from the watermark information can not be deduced the original, the watermark underlying information. In this case, during the evaluation, for example, the original information is also used to generate a comparison information for checking the authenticity using the hash function. Furthermore, the information contained in the watermark may, for example, have been signed with a signature of the issuer in order to unambiguously prove the origin.
Bei einer anderen Variante der Auswertung der Gesamt-Wasserzeicheninformation kann sich die Gesamtinformation z.B. aus der Summe oder einer anderen vorgegebenen logischen Verknüpfung der einzelnen Wasserzeicheninformationen zusammensetzen. Z.B. können aus den ersten, zweiten und dritten Wasserzeichen gemäß
Gemäß einer weiteren Möglichkeit der Auswertung, wobei unter der Auswertung in diesem Fall auch die Erfassung und Extraktion der einzelnen Wasserzeicheninformation zu verstehen ist, wird (wie oben erwähnt) bereits extrahierte Wasserzeicheninformation zur Steuerung z.B. der Dechiffrierung von Wasserzeicheninformation, der Reihenfolge der Extraktion von Wasserzeicheninformation und/oder der Auswertung weiterer Wasserzeicheninformation in demselben Dokument und/oder zur Ermittlung von redundanter Information genutzt. Auch kann die bereits extrahierte Wasserzeicheninformation das anzuwendende Auswerteverfahren (z.B. Transformation von dem Farb-Amplitudenraum in den Frequenzraum) vorgeben.According to a further possibility of the evaluation, whereby the evaluation in this case also means the detection and extraction of the individual watermark information, (as mentioned above) already extracted watermark information is used to control e.g. the decryption of watermark information, the order of extraction of watermark information and / or the evaluation of other watermark information in the same document and / or used to determine redundant information. Also, the already extracted watermark information may specify the evaluation method to be used (e.g., transformation from the color amplitude space to the frequency space).
Nicht in den Schutzbereich der Patentansprüche fällt es, wenn es sich in den zuvor genannten Fällen jeweils um Fälle handelt, in denen die in den einzelnen Wasserzeicheninformationen enthaltenen Informationen selbstständige Informationen sind, die daher für sich genommen ausgewertet werden können. Eine Gesamtinformation, die auswertbar ist, kann auch erst nach Erfassung und Extraktion von einer Mehrzahl der Wasserzeicheninformationen in verschiedenen Teilbereichen derselben Schicht und/oder in verschiedenen Schichten erhalten werden. Dabei kann die Teilinformation, die zu der auswertbaren Gesamtinformation zusammengesetzt wird, wie erwähnt, jeweils einer Farbe und/oder Schicht zugeordnet sein.It does not fall within the scope of the claims, if in the aforementioned cases in each case are cases in which the information contained in the individual watermark information is independent information that can therefore be evaluated by itself. Overall information which can be evaluated can also be obtained only after detection and extraction of a plurality of the watermark information in different subareas of the same layer and / or in different layers. In this case, the partial information, which is composed to the evaluable total information, as mentioned, each of a color and / or layer to be assigned.
Auch Mischformen sind möglich, bei denen ein Teil der Wasserzeicheninformationen (z.B. die Wasserzeicheninformation in der Schicht, der die Farbe Gelb zugeordnet ist) für sich und unabhängig von der weiteren Wasserzeicheninformation auswertbar ist und Wasserzeicheninformation aus anderen Ebenen (z.B. einer zweiten Ebene, der die Farbe Magenta zugeordnet ist und einer dritten Ebene, der die Farbe Cyan zugeordnet ist) lediglich dann auswertbar ist, wenn die gesamte Information aus beiden oder mehreren Schichten vorliegt. Auch die Mischformen können so ausgestaltet sein, dass ein bereits extrahierter Teil der Gesamt-Wasserzeicheninformation aller Schichten die Erfassung, Extraktion und/oder Auswertung steuert. Unter "Steuern" wird nicht verstanden, dass die Information zwangsläufig den Prozess alleine steuert. Vielmehr wird darunter verstanden, dass z.B. eine Software den Prozess unter Nutzung der bereits extrahierten Wasserzeicheninformation steuert.Mixed forms are also possible in which a part of the watermark information (eg the watermark information in the layer which is assigned the color yellow) can be evaluated by itself and independently of the further watermark information and watermark information from other planes (eg a second plane containing the color Magenta is assigned and a third level, which is associated with the color cyan) is evaluable only if the entire information consists of two or more layers. The mixed forms can also be designed so that an already extracted part of the total watermark information of all layers controls the acquisition, extraction and / or evaluation. By "controlling" is not understood that the information necessarily controls the process alone. Rather, it is understood that e.g. a software controls the process using the already extracted watermark information.
Ein weiterer Gedanke, der hier beschrieben werden soll, ist mit dem zuvor beschriebenen Gedanken, Wasserzeicheninformationen in mehrere Schichten eines Dokuments einzubringen, kombinierbar.Another idea to be described here can be combined with the above-described idea of introducing watermark information into several layers of a document.
Der Gedanke geht von der Problematik aus, dass auch Fälscher heutzutage über sehr hochauflösende optische Scanner verfügen. Um ein weiteres Sicherheitsmerkmal in einem Dokument vorsehen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, dass eine an sich optisch auslesbare Information (z.B. ein Schriftsymbol oder ein anderes Symbol, ein Logo oder eine Grafik, ein Barcode und/oder ein Wasserzeichen, insbesondere digitales Wasserzeichen) gemäß einer vorgegebenen Vorschrift unscharf in das Dokument eingebracht werden. Unter unscharf wird verstanden, dass der Farb-Intensitätsverlauf am Rand des jeweils zu druckenden Objekts (z.B. Symbol, siehe oben) langsamer, d.h. über eine größere Länge auf Null oder auf einen anderen Intensitätswert abfällt, als es bei der Information ohne die Unschärfeoperation der Fall ist.The idea is based on the problem that counterfeiters today also have very high-resolution optical scanners. In order to be able to provide a further security feature in a document, it is proposed that an optically readable information (eg a font symbol or another symbol, a logo or a graphic, a barcode and / or a watermark, in particular a digital watermark) in accordance with default rule in the document are introduced blurred. Blurred is understood to mean that the color intensity profile at the edge of the object to be printed (e.g., symbol, see above) is slower, i.e., slower. decreases to zero or to a different intensity value over a greater length than is the case in the information without the blur operation.
Im Extremfall kann diese Unschärfeoperation dazu führen, dass die Information vom Betrachter nicht mehr erkannt wird. Z.B. ist es denkbar, in einer ähnlichen geometrischen Verteilung wie bei einem Guillochenmuster Intensitätsmaxima und -minima einer Druckfarbe auf dem Dokument auszubilden, wobei die Intensitätsmaxima z.B. dort liegen, wo üblicherweise die Guillochen-Linien verlaufen und wobei die Intensitätsminima z.B. dort liegen, wo sich üblicherweise die Mitte zwischen zwei Guillochen-Linien befindet.In extreme cases, this blurring operation can cause the information to no longer be recognized by the viewer. For example, it is conceivable to form intensity maxima and minima of a printing ink on the document in a similar geometric distribution as in a guilloche pattern, the intensity maxima lying, for example, where the guilloche lines usually run and where the minima of intensity are, for example, where usually the middle is located between two guilloche lines.
Wird das Intensitätsmaximum gering genug gewählt und die Unschärfe groß genug gewählt, d.h. der Übergang von Intensitätsmaximum zu Intensitätsminimum findet mit geringer Abnahme der Intensität pro Längeneinheit statt, ist das so erzielte Muster bzw. ist die so erzielte Information in dem Dokument nicht oder nur noch als Schattierung erkennbar.If the intensity maximum is chosen low enough and the blur chosen to be large enough, i. the transition from the intensity maximum to the intensity minimum takes place with a small decrease in the intensity per unit length, is the pattern thus obtained, or is the information thus obtained not or only recognizable as shading in the document.
Nach der optischen Erfassung des Druckbildes kann unter Nutzung der Kenntnis darüber, wie die ursprüngliche Information von der Unschärfeoperation verändert wurde, die ursprüngliche Information berechnet werden. Z.B. wird unter Nutzung von Schwellwerten für die Farbintensität entlang einer Auswertungsrichtung ermittelt, wann ein Schwellwert erreicht oder überschritten bzw. erreicht oder unterschritten wird und wird der Ort, an dem der Schwellwert erreicht, unterschritten oder überschritten wird, als Rand einer zu identifizierenden Fläche definiert. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Intensitätsverlauf entlang einer Auswertungsrichtung, z.B. durch Berechnung des Intensitätsgradienten als Funktion des Ortes, zu ermitteln und ein entsprechendes Druckbild zu berechnen, bei dem der Intensitätsverlauf wesentlich steiler ist.After the optical detection of the print image, using the knowledge of how the original information was changed by the blur operation, the original information can be calculated. For example, is determined using thresholds for the color intensity along an evaluation direction when a threshold is reached or exceeded or reached or fallen below and the place where the threshold is reached, undershot or exceeded, defined as the edge of an area to be identified. Another possibility is to determine the intensity profile along an evaluation direction, e.g. by calculating the intensity gradient as a function of the location to determine and to calculate a corresponding print image, in which the intensity curve is much steeper.
Die Intensität kann insbesondere dadurch variiert werden, dass bei einem Digitaldruck mehr oder weniger (und/oder größere oder kleinere) Pixel einer Farbe pro Flächeneinheit gedruckt werden.In particular, the intensity can be varied by printing more or less (and / or larger or smaller) pixels of a color per unit area in digital printing.
Dieser Gedanke der Unschärfeoperation wird nun mit einem oder mehreren Merkmalen der Erfindung, wie sie oben in Bezug auf die Anordnung von Bildinformation in verschiedenen Schichten eines Dokuments beschrieben ist, kombiniert.This notion of blur operation is now combined with one or more features of the invention as described above with respect to the arrangement of image information in different layers of a document.
Es wird nun vorgeschlagen, dass die Unschärfeoperation lediglich in einer oder mehreren, aber nicht allen Schichten ausgeführt wird, die Bildinformationen für ein Gesamtbild enthalten.It is now proposed that the blur operation be performed only in one or more but not all layers containing image information for an overall image.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in
Der untere Teil der
Wie die diagonale Schraffur im unteren Teil der
Es ist auch möglich, die Information, die der Unschärfeoperation unterworfen wurde, in eine Schicht eines mehrschichtigen Druckbildes einzubringen, in der auch scharf gedruckte Information enthalten ist.It is also possible to incorporate the information which has been subjected to the blurring operation into a layer of a multi-layered printed image in which also sharply printed information is contained.
Claims (14)
- A method for producing a document of value and/or security document (1), wherein- image information is introduced into each of a plurality of layers of the document (1) so that the image information together forms an overall image,- the image information in at least two of the layers contains digital watermark information (25, 27, 29), wherein only the totality of the digital watermark information (25, 27, 29) in the at least two layers forms a security feature for an authentication of the document (1),characterised in that- a plurality of adjacent material layers (5, 7, 9) of the document (1) are each formed by a polycarbonate material and the adjacent material layers (5, 7, 9) are fixedly connected to one another so that these material layers (5, 7, 9) form a polycarbonate material layer composite,- the image information is printed on surfaces of the material layers (5, 7, 9) of the polycarbonate material layer composite,- the image information in at least one of the layers is formed by printing materials which contain binders based on polycarbonate.
- The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, in at least one of the layers, watermark information (25, 27, 29) is introduced merely into a section (15, 17, 19) of an image area.
- The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the watermark information (25, 27, 29) in a first layer contains information regarding in which section other watermark information is arranged in the first layer or in a second layer.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein watermark information (25, 27, 29) in a first layer contains information regarding how watermark information in a second layer and/or in another section of the first layer is to be analysed.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the watermark information is introduced into various layers in such a way that it forms a first overall information item in the event of an optical detection of the image information based non-selectively on one single layer and forms a second overall information item in the event of an optical detection of the image information based selectively on the individual layers, which second overall information item is different from the first overall information item.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the image information in the individual layers of the document (1) is displayed in each case by means of a different colour.
- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the image information at least in one of the layers comprising watermark information (25, 27, 29) is formed by pixels of an inkjet print.
- A document of value and/or security document, wherein- the document has a plurality of layers, into each of which image information is introduced so that the image information together forms an overall image,- the image information in at least two of the layers contains watermark information (25, 27, 29), wherein only the totality of the watermark information (25, 27, 29) in the at least two layers forms a security feature for an authentication of the document (1),characterised in that- a plurality of adjacent material layers (5, 7, 9) of the document (1) are each formed by a polycarbonate material and the adjacent material layers (5, 7, 9) are fixedly connected to one another so that these material layers (5, 7, 9) form a polycarbonate material layer composite,- the image information is printed on surfaces of the material layers (5, 7, 9) of the polycarbonate material layer composite,- the image information in at least one of the layers is formed by printing materials which contain binders based on polycarbonate.
- The document according to claim 8, wherein, in at least one of the layers, watermark information (25, 27, 29) is introduced merely into a section (15, 17, 19) of an image area.
- The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the watermark information (25) in a first layer contains information regarding in which section other watermark information (27) is arranged in the first layer or in a second layer.
- The document according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein watermark information (25, 27, 29) in a first layer contains information regarding how watermark information (25, 27, 29) in a second layer and/or in another section of the first layer is to be analysed.
- The document according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the watermark information (25, 27, 29) is introduced into various layers in such a way that it forms a first overall information item in the event of an optical detection of the image information based non-selectively on one single layer and forms a second overall information item in the event of an optical detection of the image information based selectively on the individual layers, which second overall information item is different from the first overall information item.
- The document according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the image information in the individual layers of the document (1) is displayed in each case by means of a different colour.
- The document according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the image information at least in one of the layers comprising watermark information (25, 27, 29) is formed by pixels of an inkjet print.
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PL08843738T PL2212122T3 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Securing of documents by means of digital watermark information |
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DE102007052947A DE102007052947A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2007-10-31 | Process for producing a polycarbonate layer composite |
DE102007059746A DE102007059746A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2007-12-07 | Method for producing a security and / or value document with personalized information |
DE102007059747A DE102007059747A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2007-12-07 | Polymer layer composite for a security and / or value document |
DE102008012426A DE102008012426A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-02-29 | Document-production method for producing a security inserts imaging information/data into layers of a document to form a total security image |
PCT/EP2008/009337 WO2009056353A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Securing of documents by means of digital watermark information |
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EP2212122B1 true EP2212122B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
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EP08843738.9A Active EP2212122B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Securing of documents by means of digital watermark information |
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US (1) | US8478080B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2212122B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5274568B2 (en) |
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CN (1) | CN101918224B (en) |
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DE (1) | DE102008012426A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2212122T3 (en) |
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CN101918224A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN101918224B (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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KR20100106323A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
DE102008012426A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US8478080B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
JP5274568B2 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
PL2212122T3 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
BRPI0818479B1 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
BRPI0818479A2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
WO2009056353A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
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