EP2294306B1 - Method and device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2294306B1
EP2294306B1 EP09769088.7A EP09769088A EP2294306B1 EP 2294306 B1 EP2294306 B1 EP 2294306B1 EP 09769088 A EP09769088 A EP 09769088A EP 2294306 B1 EP2294306 B1 EP 2294306B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank ventilation
ventilation device
pressure
tank
valve
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09769088.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2294306A1 (en
Inventor
Stephane Closet
Wolfgang Mai
Jens Pache
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Publication of EP2294306A1 publication Critical patent/EP2294306A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
    • F02M25/0818—Judging failure of purge control system having means for pressurising the evaporative emission space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0379—By fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle.
  • the activated carbon container is connected via a vent line and a tank vent valve disposed therein with the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine.
  • the tank vent valve is opened, whereby the fuel vapors absorbed in the activated charcoal canister are sucked into the intake tract of the internal combustion engine due to the negative pressure in the intake manifold and take part in the combustion together with the fresh air.
  • the engine is supplied with an initially unknown amount of hydrocarbons, so that the fuel mixture composition changes. Since any change in the combustible mixture composition has a direct impact on the combustion process and the exhaust gas composition of the internal combustion engine, precise control of the tank venting valve is necessary.
  • the tank vent valve is usually an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree is set by means of a pulse width modulated control signal (PWM signal).
  • PWM signal pulse width modulated control signal
  • the tank-venting valve is partially opened and the output signal of a lambda control device of the internal combustion engine is monitored.
  • the tank venting valve opens, the exhaust gas composition changes due to the additionally supplied hydrocarbons, which is detected by the lambda control device.
  • the opening control value of the tank ventilation valve can be determined.
  • this method is subject to considerable restrictions.
  • the activated carbon container must have a high degree of loading.
  • the method can only be performed when the intake manifold pressure is correspondingly low, so that the fuel vapors are sucked. In particular, in supercharged internal combustion engines or internal combustion engines whose load control is carried out over the valve lift, these conditions are rarely encountered. Furthermore, this method has a low accuracy.
  • Claim 1 relates to a method for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle.
  • a tank ventilation valve of the tank ventilation device is first closed.
  • the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve in the sense of opening the tank-venting valve is increased until a leak-detection device assigned to the tank-venting device detects a leak in the tank-venting device.
  • the value of the control signal at which the leak is detected in the tank-venting device is recognized as the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve.
  • a leak test of the tank ventilation device is required by law.
  • a leak detection device is therefore very often standard in motor vehicles.
  • the idea underlying the invention is to determine the opening control value or the opening time of the tank venting valve using the leak detection means, wherein an opening tank venting valve is recognized by the leak detection means as a leakage in the tank venting device.
  • Such a leak detection means is usually designed such that even very small leaks can be detected, so that this method proves to be very precise.
  • the opening control value or the opening time of the tank ventilation valve can thereby be determined with high precision. Furthermore, this method can be carried out in almost every operating state of the internal combustion engine, depending on the configuration of the motor vehicle.
  • the method can be performed regardless of the degree of loading of the activated carbon container, since it is not based on a change in the exhaust gas composition.
  • the method therefore, it is possible to determine the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve with high frequency and high precision.
  • the determination of the opening control value for opening the tank ventilation valve only performed if the tank ventilation device was previously recognized as leak-free.
  • a determination of the opening control value of the tank-venting valve is only meaningful if the tank-venting device is leak-free in the case of a closed tank-venting valve. Any other leak in the tank venting device would significantly falsify or render useless the result of the process. For this reason, according to this embodiment of the method, a tightness check of the tank ventilation device is carried out beforehand by means of the leak detection means when the tank ventilation valve is closed.
  • the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device when the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes within an observation period.
  • the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device when the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes by more than a predetermined limit amount and / or when the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predetermined limit gradient.
  • the leak detection is based on a pressure monitoring in the tank ventilation device.
  • Each leakage causes a pressure change within the tank ventilation device.
  • the tank venting valve opens, there is a gas flow through the opening cross-section of the tank venting valve and thus to a pressure change within the tank venting device.
  • This pressure change is detected by the leak detection means and displayed accordingly.
  • the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve can be detected in a simple and precise manner. By default a certain limit amount or a certain limit gradient for the pressure change, the process can be made more robust.
  • the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine.
  • the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve is only determined when the pressure in the tank-venting device is lower than the pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.
  • this embodiment of the method ensures that only a gas flow from the suction pipe into the activated carbon container occurs. This avoids unwanted escape of hydrocarbons into the intake manifold and into the environment.
  • the pressure in the tank venting device is lowered by a vacuum generating means to a predetermined value, which is lower than the current intake manifold pressure.
  • Some leak detection means have a vacuum generating means, for example in the form of a vacuum pump, with which a negative pressure in the tank ventilation device can be generated. This vacuum generating means can be used to produce a corresponding pressure difference to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. In this way, the opening control value for the tank-venting valve can be determined independently of the intake manifold pressure or the operating state of the internal combustion engine with great frequency.
  • the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine, wherein when the internal combustion engine of the opening control value is determined only when the pressure in the tank ventilation device is greater than the pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.
  • this embodiment of the process ensures that there is gas flow from the activated carbon canister into the intake manifold and thus the hydrocarbons participate in the combustion.
  • a return flow of fresh air through the tank vent valve in the activated carbon container when switched on is undesirable and is safely avoided according to this embodiment.
  • the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine, wherein after closing the tank venting valve, the pressure in the tank venting device is raised by a pressure generating means to a predetermined value which is greater than the current pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.
  • the leak detection means comprises a pressure generating means, for example a pump, by means of which an overpressure in the tank ventilation device and thus a pressure difference to the suction pipe can be produced.
  • a pressure generating means for example a pump
  • the opening control value of the tank ventilation valve can be determined independently of the operating point and the intake manifold pressure of the internal combustion engine. This results in a great flexibility and a high frequency in the implementation of the method.
  • the value of the control signal is increased stepwise, wherein prior to each increase the value of the control signal is kept constant for a predetermined period of time.
  • a recognizable pressure change within the tank ventilation device is due to the small opening cross section of the tank venting valve after a certain period of time. This embodiment of the method therefore ensures a higher process reliability in the determination of the opening control value of the tank venting valve.
  • a control device for a tank ventilation device of a motor vehicle according to claim 10 is designed such that it can perform the method according to one of claims 1 to 9. With regard to the resulting advantages, reference is made to the comments on the preceding claims.
  • FIG. 1 a motor vehicle 100 is shown schematically, which has an internal combustion engine 1, a control device 31 and a tank ventilation device 102.
  • the tank ventilation device 102 and the control device 31 are connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
  • FIG. 2 For example, the internal combustion engine 1 and the tank ventilation device 102 are shown in more detail.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 has at least one cylinder 2 and a piston 3 movable up and down in the cylinder 2.
  • the fresh air required for combustion is introduced via an intake tract 4 into a combustion space 5 bounded by the cylinder 2 and the piston 3. Downstream of an intake opening 6 are in the intake manifold 4, an air mass sensor 7 for detecting the air flow in the intake manifold 4, a throttle valve 8 for controlling the air flow, a suction pipe 9, a Saugrohr horrsensor 40 for detecting the pressure in the intake manifold 9 and an intake valve 10, by means of the combustion chamber 5 with the intake manifold 4 is selectively connected or disconnected.
  • the triggering of the combustion takes place by means of a spark plug 11.
  • the drive energy generated by the combustion is transmitted via a crankshaft 12 to the drive train of the motor vehicle (not shown).
  • a rotational speed sensor 13 detects the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a starter device 103 for example an electric motor, is coupled to the crankshaft 12 and serves, for example, for starting the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the combustion exhaust gases are discharged via an exhaust tract 14 of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the combustion chamber 5 is selectively connected to the exhaust tract 14 by means of an exhaust valve 15 or separated from it.
  • the exhaust gases are purified in an exhaust gas purification catalyst 16.
  • In the exhaust tract 14 is also a so-called lambda sensor 17 for measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust gas.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 further comprises a fuel supply device with a fuel pump 19, a high pressure pump 20, a pressure accumulator 21 and at least one controllable injection valve 22.
  • the fuel is conveyed by means of the fuel pump 19 from a fuel tank 18 into a fuel supply line 24.
  • the high pressure pump 20 and the Pressure accumulator 21 is arranged.
  • the high-pressure pump 20 has the task to supply the pressure accumulator 21, the fuel at high pressure.
  • the pressure accumulator 21 is designed as a common pressure accumulator 21 for all injectors 22. From him, all injectors 22 are supplied with pressurized fuel.
  • the exemplary embodiment is an internal combustion engine 1 with direct fuel injection, in which the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber 5 by means of the injection valve 22 protruding into the combustion chamber 5. It should be noted, however, that the present invention is not limited to this type of fuel injection, but is applicable to other types of fuel injection such as port injection.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is further associated with the tank ventilation device 102.
  • a fuel damper 25 which is formed for example as an activated carbon container and is connected via a connecting line 26 to the fuel tank 18.
  • the resulting in the fuel tank 18 fuel vapors are passed into the fuel vapor storage 25 and there adsorbed by the activated carbon.
  • the fuel vapor storage 25 is connected via a vent line 27 to the intake manifold 9 of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the vent line 27 is a controllable tank vent valve 28.
  • the fuel vapor reservoir 25 via a vent line 29 and a vent valve 30 disposed therein fresh air can be supplied.
  • the vent valve 30 may be actuated, for example, electrically (as in the embodiment) or by a suitable pneumatic-mechanical mechanism.
  • a pressure detecting means for example, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the tank venting apparatus 102 and a pressure changing means 32, by which the pressure in the tank venting apparatus 32 is increased (pressure generating means) or decreased (vacuum generating means) can.
  • the pressure changing means 32 may be formed, for example, as an electric pressure pump (pressure generating means) or as an electric vacuum pump (vacuum generating means).
  • map-based engine control functions (KF1 to KF5) are implemented by software.
  • the control device 31 is connected to all actuators and sensors of the internal combustion engine 1 via signal and data lines.
  • the control device 31 with the controllable vent valve 30, the controllable tank vent valve 28, the pressure sensing means 23, the pressure change means 32, the intake manifold pressure sensor 40, the air mass sensor 7, the controllable throttle valve 8, the controllable injection valve 22, the spark plug 11, the lambda sensor 17, the speed sensor 13 and the starter motor 103 connected.
  • the motor vehicle includes a leak detection means, which is associated with the tank ventilation device 102.
  • the leak detection means comprises the pressure detection means 32 and parts of the software function implemented in the control device 31, which detect and evaluate the output signal of the pressure detection means 32.
  • the control functions detect a pressure change in the tank ventilation device and evaluate these pressure changes for possible leakage in the tank venting device. If the tank ventilation device is hermetically sealed, ie the tank ventilation valve 28, the ventilation valve 29 and all other openings of the tank ventilation device 102 are closed to the environment, and if a pressure change in the tank ventilation device 102 is still detected by the leak detection means within a predetermined observation period, leakage can be detected become.
  • a leak is advantageously detected only when the pressure change exceeds a predetermined limit amount or the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predetermined limit gradient.
  • FIG. 3 An embodiment of a control method for the tank ventilation device 102 is shown in the form of a flowchart. The method is started in step 300 at any time. This can be done both when switched off and when the internal combustion engine 1 is switched on.
  • step 301 the tank vent valve 28 is closed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step 302, where it is checked whether the engine 1 is turned on, that is, whether the fuel injection and ignition are activated and combustion takes place in the combustion chambers 5. If this is not the case, i. with the internal combustion engine 1 switched off, the method proceeds to step 303, in which it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is lower than a current intake manifold pressure. This can be done for example by comparing the output value of the pressure detection means 23 with the output value of the intake manifold pressure sensor 40.
  • step 303 In a negative result of the query in step 303 and in the case that the tank ventilation device has a pressure-changing means 32 in the form of a vacuum generating means, this is activated in step 304 and Pressure in the tank ventilation device lowered below the current intake manifold pressure. If the tank ventilation device does not have a vacuum generating means 32, the method returns to step 302. This alternative is in FIG. 3 indicated by a dashed arrow.
  • step 302 if it is detected in step 302 that the internal combustion engine 1 is turned on, i. If fuel injection and ignition are activated and combustion occurs, the method continues to step 306, where it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is greater than the current intake manifold pressure. If the tank venting device has a pressure change means 32 in the form of a pressure generating means, the process proceeds to step 307 if the result of the query in step 306 is negative, in which the pressure generating means is activated and the pressure in the tank venting device 102 is increased above the current manifold pressure.
  • step 306 the result of step 306 is negative. This alternative is also marked with a dashed arrow.
  • the value of Control signal for the tank vent valve 28 in step 305 slightly increased.
  • the increase in the value of the control signal for the tank vent valve 28 is in the sense of opening the tank vent valve 28.
  • the method returns to step 305 and the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 is again increased by a certain amount in the sense of opening the tank-venting valve 28.
  • step 308 The increase in the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 takes place until, in step 308, a change in the pressure in the tank-venting device 102 is detected.
  • the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 was lower than the intake pipe pressure, an increase in the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is detected. If the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 was greater than the intake manifold pressure, a decrease in the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is detected in step 308.
  • step 309 in which a leak in the tank venting device has been detected by the leak detection means, indicating the opening of the tank venting valve 28.
  • the current value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 is thus recognized and set as the opening control value of the tank-venting valve 28.
  • the leak detection means has detected a leak based on the pressure change in the tank ventilation device 102, the opening of the tank ventilation valve 28 can be deduced.
  • the robustness of the method can be improved if the method of step 308 does not proceed to step 309 until the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 has either changed by a predetermined limit amount and / or the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predefined limit gradient ,
  • step 309 the method is terminated with step 310 and may be restarted at a later time.
  • this method is only performed when the tank ventilation device 102 has previously been identified as leak-free when the tank ventilation valve 28 is closed.
  • This check is also carried out by the leak detection means based on monitoring the pressure conditions in the tank ventilation device. For this purpose, it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes with a closed tank ventilation valve 28 within an observation period by a predetermined amount. If this is the case, it can be concluded that there is a leak and the process is prevented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle.

Zur Einhaltung gesetzlich vorgeschriebener Emissionsgrenzwerte verfügen moderne Kraftfahrzeuge über eine Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung. Die im Kraftstofftank entstehenden Kraftstoffdämpfe werden einem Aktivkohlefilter zugeführt und dort adsorbiert. Die Speicherkapazität des Aktivkohlebehälters ist jedoch limitiert, sodass dieser von Zeit zu Zeit regeneriert werden muss. Dazu ist der Aktivkohlebehälter über eine Entlüftungsleitung und ein darin angeordnetes Tankentlüftungsventil mit dem Saugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden. Zum Regenerieren des Aktivkohlebehälters wird das Tankentlüftungsventil geöffnet, wodurch die im Aktivkohlebehälter absorbierten Kraftstoffdämpfe aufgrund des Unterdrucks im Saugrohr in den Ansaugtrakt der Brennkraftmaschine gesaugt werden und zusammen mit der Frischluft an der Verbrennung teilnehmen. Durch diesen Tankentlüftungsvorgang bzw. Regenerierungsvorgang wird der Brennkraftmaschine eine zunächst unbekannte Menge an Kohlenwasserstoffen zugeführt, sodass sich die Brenngemischzusammensetzung ändert. Da jede Veränderung der Brenngemischzusammensetzung einen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf den Verbrennungsprozess und die Abgaszusammensetzung der Brennkraftmaschine hat, ist eine exakte Steuerung des Tankentlüftungsventils notwendig.To comply with legally prescribed emission limits, modern motor vehicles have a tank ventilation device. The resulting in the fuel tank fuel vapors are fed to an activated carbon filter and adsorbed there. However, the storage capacity of the activated charcoal canister is limited so that it must be regenerated from time to time. For this purpose, the activated carbon container is connected via a vent line and a tank vent valve disposed therein with the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. To regenerate the activated carbon container, the tank vent valve is opened, whereby the fuel vapors absorbed in the activated charcoal canister are sucked into the intake tract of the internal combustion engine due to the negative pressure in the intake manifold and take part in the combustion together with the fresh air. Through this tank venting process or regeneration process, the engine is supplied with an initially unknown amount of hydrocarbons, so that the fuel mixture composition changes. Since any change in the combustible mixture composition has a direct impact on the combustion process and the exhaust gas composition of the internal combustion engine, precise control of the tank venting valve is necessary.

Bei dem Tankentlüftungsventil handelt es sich meistens um ein elektromagnetisches Ventil, dessen Öffnungsgrad mittels eines pulsweitenmodulierten Steuersignals (PWM-Signal) eingestellt wird. Für die exakte Durchführung des Tankentlüftungsvorganges ist es notwendig, den Öffnungszeitpunkt des Tankentlüftungsventils zu kennen, d.h. den Wert des Steuersignals, bei welchem es zu einem Gasdurchtritt durch das Tankentlüftungsventil kommt. Dieser Öffnungssteuerwert kann aufgrund Fertigungstoleranzen, Verschmutzung, Ablagerungen und sonstigen Veränderungen über Lebenszeit variieren.The tank vent valve is usually an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree is set by means of a pulse width modulated control signal (PWM signal). For the exact execution of the tank ventilation process, it is necessary to know the opening time of the tank ventilation valve, ie the value of the control signal at which comes to a gas passage through the tank vent valve. This opening control value may vary over lifetime due to manufacturing tolerances, contamination, deposits and other changes.

Gemäß einer bekannten Strategie zur Abschätzung des Öffnungssteuerwerts wird das Tankentlüftungsventil teilweise geöffnet und das Ausgangssignal einer Lambda-Reglervorrichtung der Brennkraftmaschine überwacht. Sobald das Tankentlüftungsventil öffnet, ändert sich aufgrund der zusätzlich zugeführten Kohlenwasserstoffe die Abgaszusammensetzung, was durch die Lambda-Reglervorrichtung erkannt wird. Sobald es demnach zu einer Änderung eines Ausgangssignals der Lambda-Reglervorrichtung kommt, ist der Öffnungssteuerwert des Tankentlüftungsventils bestimmbar. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch erheblichen Einschränkungen unterworfen. Um eine ausreichende Abweichung des Lambda-Reglersignals zu erhalten, muss der Aktivkohlebehälter einen hohen Beladungsgrad aufweisen. Ferner kann das Verfahren nur dann durchgeführt werden, wenn der Saugrohrdruck entsprechend gering ist, sodass die Kraftstoffdämpfe angesaugt werden. Insbesondere bei aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschinen oder Brennkraftmaschinen, deren Laststeuerung über den Ventilhub erfolgt, sind diese Bedingungen nur selten vorzutreffen. Ferner weist dieses Verfahren eine geringe Genauigkeit auf.According to a known strategy for estimating the opening control value, the tank-venting valve is partially opened and the output signal of a lambda control device of the internal combustion engine is monitored. As soon as the tank venting valve opens, the exhaust gas composition changes due to the additionally supplied hydrocarbons, which is detected by the lambda control device. As soon as a change in an output signal of the lambda control device therefore occurs, the opening control value of the tank ventilation valve can be determined. However, this method is subject to considerable restrictions. In order to obtain a sufficient deviation of the lambda control signal, the activated carbon container must have a high degree of loading. Furthermore, the method can only be performed when the intake manifold pressure is correspondingly low, so that the fuel vapors are sucked. In particular, in supercharged internal combustion engines or internal combustion engines whose load control is carried out over the valve lift, these conditions are rarely encountered. Furthermore, this method has a low accuracy.

Ähnliche Strategien sind auch aus DE 4307100 A1 , US 5 216 991 A und DE 10 2005 049068 A1 bekannt.Similar strategies are also off DE 4307100 A1 . US 5 216 991 A and DE 10 2005 049068 A1 known.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug bereitzustellen, mittels denen der Öffnungssteuerwert zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils bestimmt werden kann.It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle, by means of which the opening control value for opening the tank ventilation valve can be determined.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by the method and apparatus according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Anspruch 1 betrifft ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug. Dabei wird ein Tankentlüftungsventil der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung zunächst geschlossen. Anschließend wird der Wert des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil im Sinne eines Öffnens des Tankentlüftungsventils so lange gesteigert, bis ein der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung zugeordnetes Leckerkennungsmittel ein Leck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung erkennt. Der Wert des Steuersignals, bei dem das Leck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung erkannt wird, wird als der Öffnungssteuerwert zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils erkannt.Claim 1 relates to a method for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle. In this case, a tank ventilation valve of the tank ventilation device is first closed. Subsequently, the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve in the sense of opening the tank-venting valve is increased until a leak-detection device assigned to the tank-venting device detects a leak in the tank-venting device. The value of the control signal at which the leak is detected in the tank-venting device is recognized as the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve.

In vielen Ländern ist eine Dichtheitsüberprüfung der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Ein Leckerkennungsmittel ist deshalb sehr häufig standardmäßig in Kraftfahrzeugen vorhanden. Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Idee ist darin zu sehen, den Öffnungssteuerwert bzw. den Öffnungszeitpunkt des Tankentlüftungsventils unter Verwendung des Leckerkennungsmittels zu bestimmen, wobei ein sich öffnendes Tankentlüftungsventil von dem Leckerkennungsmittel als eine Leckage in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung erkannt wird. Ein derartiges Leckerkennungsmittel ist meist derart ausgestaltet, dass auch sehr geringe Leckagen erkannt werden können, sodass sich dieses Verfahren als sehr präzise erweist. Der Öffnungssteuerwert bzw. der Öffnungszeitpunkt des Tankentlüftungsventils kann dadurch mit hoher Präzision bestimmt werden. Ferner kann dieses Verfahren je nach Konfiguration des Kraftfahrzeugs in nahezu jedem Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine durchgeführt werden. Ferner kann das Verfahren unabhängig vom Beladungsgrad des Aktivkohlebehälters durchgeführt werden, da es nicht auf einer Änderung der Abgaszusammensetzung basiert. Durch das Verfahren ist es deshalb möglich, den Öffnungssteuerwert zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils mit großer Häufigkeit und großer Präzision zu bestimmen.In many countries, a leak test of the tank ventilation device is required by law. A leak detection device is therefore very often standard in motor vehicles. The idea underlying the invention is to determine the opening control value or the opening time of the tank venting valve using the leak detection means, wherein an opening tank venting valve is recognized by the leak detection means as a leakage in the tank venting device. Such a leak detection means is usually designed such that even very small leaks can be detected, so that this method proves to be very precise. The opening control value or the opening time of the tank ventilation valve can thereby be determined with high precision. Furthermore, this method can be carried out in almost every operating state of the internal combustion engine, depending on the configuration of the motor vehicle. Furthermore, the method can be performed regardless of the degree of loading of the activated carbon container, since it is not based on a change in the exhaust gas composition. By the method, therefore, it is possible to determine the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve with high frequency and high precision.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens in Anspruch 2 wird die Ermittlung des Öffnungssteuerwerts zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils nur dann durchgeführt, wenn die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung zuvor als leckfrei erkannt wurde.In one embodiment of the method in claim 2, the determination of the opening control value for opening the tank ventilation valve only performed if the tank ventilation device was previously recognized as leak-free.

Dadurch wird die Prozesssicherheit dieses Verfahrens gewährleistet. Eine Ermittlung des Öffnungssteuerwertes des Tankentlüftungsventils ist nur sinnvoll, wenn die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung bei einem geschlossenen Tankentlüftungsventil leckfrei ist. Ein sonstiges Leck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung würde das Ergebnis des Verfahrens erheblich verfälschen oder unbrauchbar machen. Aus diesem Grund wird gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens zuvor eine Dichtheitsüberprüfung der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung mittels des Leckerkennungsmittels bei geschlossenem Tankentlüftungsventil durchgeführt.This ensures the process reliability of this process. A determination of the opening control value of the tank-venting valve is only meaningful if the tank-venting device is leak-free in the case of a closed tank-venting valve. Any other leak in the tank venting device would significantly falsify or render useless the result of the process. For this reason, according to this embodiment of the method, a tightness check of the tank ventilation device is carried out beforehand by means of the leak detection means when the tank ventilation valve is closed.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 3 erkennt das Leckerkennungsmittel ein Leck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung, wenn sich innerhalb eines Beobachtungszeitraums der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung ändert.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 3, the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device when the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes within an observation period.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 4 erkennt das Leckerkennungsmittel ein Leck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung, wenn sich der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung um mehr als einen vorgegebenen Grenzbetrag ändert und/oder wenn der Gradient der Druckänderung größer ist als ein vorgegebener Grenzgradient.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 4, the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device when the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes by more than a predetermined limit amount and / or when the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predetermined limit gradient.

Bei diesen Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens basiert die Leckerkennung auf einer Drucküberwachung in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung. Jede Leckage bewirkt eine Druckänderung innerhalb der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung. Sobald das Tankentlüftungsventil öffnet, kommt es zu einer Gasströmung durch den Öffnungsquerschnitt des Tankentlüftungsventils und somit zu einer Druckänderung innerhalb der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung. Diese Druckänderung wird von dem Leckerkennungsmittel erkannt und entsprechend angezeigt. Auf diese Weise kann der Öffnungssteuerwert zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils auf einfache und präzise Weise erkannt werden. Durch die Vorgabe eines bestimmten Grenzbetrages oder eines bestimmten Grenzgradienten für die Druckänderung kann das Verfahren robuster gemacht werden.In these embodiments of the method, the leak detection is based on a pressure monitoring in the tank ventilation device. Each leakage causes a pressure change within the tank ventilation device. As soon as the tank venting valve opens, there is a gas flow through the opening cross-section of the tank venting valve and thus to a pressure change within the tank venting device. This pressure change is detected by the leak detection means and displayed accordingly. In this way, the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve can be detected in a simple and precise manner. By default a certain limit amount or a certain limit gradient for the pressure change, the process can be made more robust.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 5 ist der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung eine Brennkraftmaschine zugeordnet. Bei abgeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine wird der Öffnungssteuerwert zum Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils nur dann ermittelt, wenn der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung geringer ist als der Druck in einem Saugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 5 of the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine. When the internal combustion engine is switched off, the opening control value for opening the tank-venting valve is only determined when the pressure in the tank-venting device is lower than the pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.

Da durch das Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils der Aktivkohlebehälter mit dem Saugrohr pneumatisch verbunden wird, wird durch diese Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens sichergestellt, dass es nur zu einer Gasströmung vom Saugrohr in den Aktivkohlebehälter kommt. So wird vermieden, dass es zu einem ungewollten Entweichen von Kohlenwasserstoffen in das Saugrohr und in die Umgebung kommt.Since the activated carbon container is pneumatically connected to the suction pipe by opening the tank ventilation valve, this embodiment of the method ensures that only a gas flow from the suction pipe into the activated carbon container occurs. This avoids unwanted escape of hydrocarbons into the intake manifold and into the environment.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens in Anspruch 6 wird nach dem Schließen des Tankentlüftungsventils der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung durch ein Vakuumerzeugungsmittel auf einen vorgegebenen Wert abgesenkt, welcher geringer ist als der aktuelle Saugrohrdruck. Manche Leckerkennungsmittel verfügen über ein Vakuumserzeugungsmittel, beispielsweise in Form einer Vakuumpumpe, mit dem ein Unterdruck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung erzeugt werden kann. Dieses Vakuumerzeugungsmittel kann dazu verwendet werden, einen entsprechenden Druckunterschied zum Saugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine herzustellen. Auf diese Weise kann der Öffnungssteuerwert für das Tankentlüftungsventil unabhängig vom Saugrohrdruck bzw. vom Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine mit großer Häufigkeit bestimmt werden.In one embodiment of the method in claim 6, after closing the tank venting valve, the pressure in the tank venting device is lowered by a vacuum generating means to a predetermined value, which is lower than the current intake manifold pressure. Some leak detection means have a vacuum generating means, for example in the form of a vacuum pump, with which a negative pressure in the tank ventilation device can be generated. This vacuum generating means can be used to produce a corresponding pressure difference to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. In this way, the opening control value for the tank-venting valve can be determined independently of the intake manifold pressure or the operating state of the internal combustion engine with great frequency.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 7 ist der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung eine Brennkraftmaschine zugeordnet, wobei bei angeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine der Öffnungssteuerwert nur dann ermittelt wird, wenn der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung größer ist als der Druck in einem Saugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 7 of the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine, wherein when the internal combustion engine of the opening control value is determined only when the pressure in the tank ventilation device is greater than the pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.

Da durch das Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils eine Gasströmung zwischen dem Aktivkohlebehälter und dem Saugrohr möglich ist, wird durch diese Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens gewährleistet, dass es zu einer Gasströmung vom Aktivkohlebehälter in das Saugrohr kommt und somit die Kohlenwasserstoffe an der Verbrennung teilnehmen. Eine Rückströmung von Frischluft über das Tankentlüftungsventil in den Aktivkohlebehälter bei angeschalteter ist unerwünscht und wird gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung sicher vermieden.Since a gas flow between the activated charcoal canister and the intake manifold is possible by opening the tank venting valve, this embodiment of the process ensures that there is gas flow from the activated carbon canister into the intake manifold and thus the hydrocarbons participate in the combustion. A return flow of fresh air through the tank vent valve in the activated carbon container when switched on is undesirable and is safely avoided according to this embodiment.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 8 ist der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung eine Brennkraftmaschine zugeordnet, wobei nach dem Schließen des Tankentlüftungsventils der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung durch ein Druckerzeugungsmittel auf einen vorgegebenen Wert angehoben wird, welcher größer ist als der aktuelle Druck in einem Saugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 8 of the tank ventilation device is associated with an internal combustion engine, wherein after closing the tank venting valve, the pressure in the tank venting device is raised by a pressure generating means to a predetermined value which is greater than the current pressure in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine.

Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung umfasst das Leckerkennungsmittel ein Druckerzeugungsmittel, beispielsweise eine Pumpe, mittels dem ein Überdruck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung und somit eine Druckdifferenz zum Saugrohr hergestellt werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann der Öffnungssteuerwert des Tankentlüftungsventils unabhängig vom Betriebspunkt und vom Saugrohrdruck der Brennkraftmaschine ermittelt werden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine große Flexibilität und eine große Häufigkeit bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens.According to this embodiment, the leak detection means comprises a pressure generating means, for example a pump, by means of which an overpressure in the tank ventilation device and thus a pressure difference to the suction pipe can be produced. In this way, the opening control value of the tank ventilation valve can be determined independently of the operating point and the intake manifold pressure of the internal combustion engine. This results in a great flexibility and a high frequency in the implementation of the method.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 9 wird der Wert des Steuersignals schrittweise erhöht, wobei vor jeder Erhöhung der Wert des Steuersignals für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer konstant gehalten wird.In one embodiment of the method according to claim 9, the value of the control signal is increased stepwise, wherein prior to each increase the value of the control signal is kept constant for a predetermined period of time.

Eine erkennbare Druckänderung innerhalb der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung stellt sich aufgrund des geringen Öffnungsquerschnitts des Tankentlüftungsventils erst nach einer gewissen Zeitdauer ein. Diese Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens gewährleistet deshalb eine höhere Prozesssicherheit bei der Ermittlung des Öffnungssteuerwerts des Tankentlüftungsventils.A recognizable pressure change within the tank ventilation device is due to the small opening cross section of the tank venting valve after a certain period of time. This embodiment of the method therefore ensures a higher process reliability in the determination of the opening control value of the tank venting valve.

Eine Steuervorrichtung für eine Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs gemäß dem Anspruch 10 ist derart ausgebildet, dass es das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 ausführen kann. Bezüglich der sich daraus ergebenen Vorteile wird auf die Ausführungen zu den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen verwiesen.A control device for a tank ventilation device of a motor vehicle according to claim 10 is designed such that it can perform the method according to one of claims 1 to 9. With regard to the resulting advantages, reference is made to the comments on the preceding claims.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. In den Figuren sind:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer Brennkraftmaschine und einer Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung;
Figur 2
eine schematische, detaillierte Darstellung der Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung;
Figur 3
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Steuerverfahrens für eine Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung in Form eines Ablaufdiagramms.
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of an embodiment with reference to the attached figures. In the figures are:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung;
FIG. 2
a schematic, detailed illustration of the internal combustion engine with a Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung;
FIG. 3
An embodiment of a control method for a tank ventilation device in the form of a flow chart.

In Figur 1 ist ein Kraftfahrzeug 100 schematisch dargestellt, welches eine Brennkraftmaschine 1, eine Steuervorrichtung 31 und eine Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 aufweist. Die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 und die Steuervorrichtung 31 sind mit der Brennkraftmaschine 1 verbunden.In FIG. 1 a motor vehicle 100 is shown schematically, which has an internal combustion engine 1, a control device 31 and a tank ventilation device 102. The tank ventilation device 102 and the control device 31 are connected to the internal combustion engine 1.

In Figur 2 sind die Brennkraftmaschine 1 und die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 detaillierter dargestellt.In FIG. 2 For example, the internal combustion engine 1 and the tank ventilation device 102 are shown in more detail.

Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 weist mindestens einen Zylinder 2 und einen in dem Zylinder 2 auf und ab beweglichen Kolben 3 auf. Die zur Verbrennung nötige Frischluft wird über einen Ansaugtrakt 4 in einen von dem Zylinder 2 und dem Kolben 3 begrenzten Brennraum 5 eingeleitet. Stromabwärts einer Ansaugöffnung 6 befinden sich in dem Ansaugtrakt 4 ein Luftmassensensor 7 zur Erfassung des Luftdurchsatzes im Ansaugtrakt 4, eine Drosselklappe 8 zur Steuerung des Luftdurchsatzes, ein Saugrohr 9, ein Saugrohrdrucksensor 40 zur Erfassung des Drucks im Saugrohr 9 und ein Einlassventil 10, mittels dem der Brennraum 5 mit dem Ansaugtrakt 4 wahlweise verbunden oder getrennt wird.The internal combustion engine 1 has at least one cylinder 2 and a piston 3 movable up and down in the cylinder 2. The fresh air required for combustion is introduced via an intake tract 4 into a combustion space 5 bounded by the cylinder 2 and the piston 3. Downstream of an intake opening 6 are in the intake manifold 4, an air mass sensor 7 for detecting the air flow in the intake manifold 4, a throttle valve 8 for controlling the air flow, a suction pipe 9, a Saugrohrdrucksensor 40 for detecting the pressure in the intake manifold 9 and an intake valve 10, by means of the combustion chamber 5 with the intake manifold 4 is selectively connected or disconnected.

Die Auslösung der Verbrennung geschieht mittels einer Zündkerze 11. Die durch die Verbrennung erzeugte Antriebsenergie wird über eine Kurbelwelle 12 an den Antriebsstrang des Kraftfahrzeuges (nicht dargestellt) übertragen. Ein Drehzahlsensor 13 erfasst die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine 1. Eine Anlasservorrichtung 103, beispielsweise ein Elektromotor, ist mit der Kurbelwelle 12 gekoppelt und dient beispielsweise zum Start der Brennkraftmaschine 1.The triggering of the combustion takes place by means of a spark plug 11. The drive energy generated by the combustion is transmitted via a crankshaft 12 to the drive train of the motor vehicle (not shown). A rotational speed sensor 13 detects the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 1. A starter device 103, for example an electric motor, is coupled to the crankshaft 12 and serves, for example, for starting the internal combustion engine 1.

Die Verbrennungsabgase werden über einen Abgastrakt 14 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 abgeführt. Der Brennraum 5 wird mittels eines Auslassventils 15 mit dem Abgastrakt 14 wahlweise verbunden oder von diesem getrennt. Die Abgase werden in einem Abgasreinigungskatalysator 16 gereinigt. Im Abgastrakt 14 befindet sich ferner ein so genannter Lambda-Sensor 17 zur Messung des Sauerstoffgehalts im Abgas.The combustion exhaust gases are discharged via an exhaust tract 14 of the internal combustion engine 1. The combustion chamber 5 is selectively connected to the exhaust tract 14 by means of an exhaust valve 15 or separated from it. The exhaust gases are purified in an exhaust gas purification catalyst 16. In the exhaust tract 14 is also a so-called lambda sensor 17 for measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust gas.

Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 umfasst ferner eine Kraftstoffversorgungseinrichtung mit einer Kraftstoffpumpe 19, einer Hochdruckpumpe 20, einem Druckspeicher 21 und zumindest einem steuerbaren Einspritzventil 22. Der Kraftstoff wird mittels der Kraftstoffpumpe 19 von einem Kraftstofftank 18 in eine Kraftstoffversorgungsleitung 24 gefördert. In der Kraftstoffversorgungsleitung 24 sind die Hochdruckpumpe 20 und der Druckspeicher 21 angeordnet. Die Hochdruckpumpe 20 hat die Aufgabe, dem Druckspeicher 21 den Kraftstoff mit hohem Druck zuzuführen. Der Druckspeicher 21 ist dabei als gemeinsamer Druckspeicher 21 für alle Einspritzventile 22 ausgebildet. Von ihm aus werden alle Einspritzventile 22 mit druckbeaufschlagtem Kraftstoff versorgt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung, bei der der Kraftstoff mittels des in den Brennraum 5 ragenden Einspritzventils 22 direkt in den Brennraum 5 eingespritzt wird. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf diese Art der Kraftstoffeinspritzung beschränkt ist, sondern auch auf andere Arten der Kraftstoffeinspritzung, wie beispielsweise Saugrohreinspritzung, anwendbar ist.The internal combustion engine 1 further comprises a fuel supply device with a fuel pump 19, a high pressure pump 20, a pressure accumulator 21 and at least one controllable injection valve 22. The fuel is conveyed by means of the fuel pump 19 from a fuel tank 18 into a fuel supply line 24. In the fuel supply line 24, the high pressure pump 20 and the Pressure accumulator 21 is arranged. The high-pressure pump 20 has the task to supply the pressure accumulator 21, the fuel at high pressure. The pressure accumulator 21 is designed as a common pressure accumulator 21 for all injectors 22. From him, all injectors 22 are supplied with pressurized fuel. The exemplary embodiment is an internal combustion engine 1 with direct fuel injection, in which the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber 5 by means of the injection valve 22 protruding into the combustion chamber 5. It should be noted, however, that the present invention is not limited to this type of fuel injection, but is applicable to other types of fuel injection such as port injection.

Der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ist ferner die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 zugeordnet. Zu der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 gehört der Kraftstofftank 18, ein Kraftstoffdämpfespeicher 25, welcher beispielsweise als Aktivkohlebehälter ausgebildet ist und über eine Verbindungsleitung 26 mit dem Kraftstofftank 18 verbunden ist. Die in dem Kraftstofftank 18 entstehenden Kraftstoffdämpfe werden in den Kraftstoffdämpfespeicher 25 geleitet und dort von der Aktivkohle adsorbiert. Der Kraftstoffdämpfespeicher 25 ist über eine Entlüftungsleitung 27 mit dem Saugrohr 9 der Brennkraftmaschine 1 verbunden. In der Entlüftungsleitung 27 befindet sich ein steuerbares Tankentlüftungsventil 28. Ferner kann dem Kraftstoffdämpfespeicher 25 über eine Belüftungsleitung 29 und ein darin angeordnetes Belüftungsventil 30 Frischluft zugeführt werden. Das Belüftungsventil 30 kann beispielsweise elektrisch (wie im Ausführungsbeispiel) oder durch einen geeigneten pneumatisch-mechanischen Mechanismus betätigt werden. In der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung sind ferner ein Druckerfassungsmittel, beispielsweise ein Drucksensor, zur Erfassung des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 und ein Druckveränderungsmittel 32 vorgesehen, mittels dem der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 32 erhöht (Druckerzeugungsmittel) oder erniedrigt (Vakuumerzeugungsmittel) werden kann. Das Druckveränderungsmittel 32 kann beispielsweise als elektrische Druckpumpe (Druckerzeugungsmittel) oder als elektrische Vakuumspumpe (Vakuumerzeugungsmittel) ausgebildet sein.The internal combustion engine 1 is further associated with the tank ventilation device 102. To the tank ventilation device 102 includes the fuel tank 18, a fuel damper 25, which is formed for example as an activated carbon container and is connected via a connecting line 26 to the fuel tank 18. The resulting in the fuel tank 18 fuel vapors are passed into the fuel vapor storage 25 and there adsorbed by the activated carbon. The fuel vapor storage 25 is connected via a vent line 27 to the intake manifold 9 of the internal combustion engine 1. In the vent line 27 is a controllable tank vent valve 28. Further, the fuel vapor reservoir 25 via a vent line 29 and a vent valve 30 disposed therein fresh air can be supplied. The vent valve 30 may be actuated, for example, electrically (as in the embodiment) or by a suitable pneumatic-mechanical mechanism. In the tank venting apparatus, there are further provided a pressure detecting means, for example, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the tank venting apparatus 102 and a pressure changing means 32, by which the pressure in the tank venting apparatus 32 is increased (pressure generating means) or decreased (vacuum generating means) can. The pressure changing means 32 may be formed, for example, as an electric pressure pump (pressure generating means) or as an electric vacuum pump (vacuum generating means).

In bestimmten Betriebsbereichen der Brennkraftmaschine 1, insbesondere im Leerlauf oder bei Teillast, herrscht aufgrund des starken Drosseleffekts durch die Drosselklappe 8 ein großes Druckgefälle zwischen der Umgebung und dem Saugrohr 9. Durch Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 und des Belüftungsventils 30 kommt es während eines Tankentlüftungszeitraums zu einem Spüleffekt, bei dem die in dem Kraftstoffdämpfespeicher 25 gespeicherten Kraftstoffdämpfe in das Saugrohr 9 geleitet werden und an der Verbrennung teilnehmen. Die Kraftstoffdämpfe verursachen somit eine Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der Brenngase und der Abgase, was von dem Lambda-Sensor 17 erfasst wird.In certain operating ranges of the internal combustion engine 1, in particular at idle or at partial load, prevails due to the strong throttle effect through the throttle valve 8, a large pressure gradient between the environment and the suction pipe 9. By opening the tank vent valve 28 and the vent valve 30, it comes during a Tankentlüftungszeitraums Rinsing effect, in which the fuel vapors stored in the fuel vapor storage 25 are directed into the intake manifold 9 and participate in the combustion. The fuel vapors thus cause a change in the composition of the fuel gases and the exhaust gases, which is detected by the lambda sensor 17.

In der Steuervorrichtung 31 sind kennfeldbasierte Motorsteuerungsfunktionen (KF1 bis KF5) softwaremäßig implementiert. Die Steuervorrichtung 31 ist mit sämtlichen Aktuatoren und Sensoren der Brennkraftmaschine 1 über Signal- und Datenleitungen verbunden. Insbesondere ist die Steuervorrichtung 31 mit dem steuerbaren Belüftungsventil 30, dem steuerbaren Tankentlüftungsventil 28, dem Druckerfassungsmittel 23, dem Druckveränderungsmittel 32, dem Saugrohrdrucksensor 40, dem Luftmassensensor 7, der steuerbaren Drosselklappe 8, dem steuerbaren Einspritzventil 22, der Zündkerze 11, dem Lambda-Sensor 17, dem Drehzahlsensor 13 und dem Anlassermotor 103 verbunden.In the control device 31, map-based engine control functions (KF1 to KF5) are implemented by software. The control device 31 is connected to all actuators and sensors of the internal combustion engine 1 via signal and data lines. In particular, the control device 31 with the controllable vent valve 30, the controllable tank vent valve 28, the pressure sensing means 23, the pressure change means 32, the intake manifold pressure sensor 40, the air mass sensor 7, the controllable throttle valve 8, the controllable injection valve 22, the spark plug 11, the lambda sensor 17, the speed sensor 13 and the starter motor 103 connected.

Das Kraftfahrzeug umfasst ein Leckerfassungsmittel, welches der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 zugeordnet ist. Das Leckerfassungsmittel umfasst das Druckerfassungsmittel 32 und Teile der in der Steuervorrichtung 31 implementierten Softwarefunktion, welche das Ausgangssignal des Druckerfassungsmittels 32 erfassen und auswerten. Die Steuerfunktionen erkennen dabei eine Druckänderung in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung und werten diese Druckänderungen hinsichtlich einer möglichen Leckage in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung aus. Ist die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung hermetisch abgeschlossen, d.h. es sind das Tankentlüftungsventil 28, das Belüftungsventil 29 und alle sonstigen Öffnungen der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 zur Umgebung geschlossen, und wird innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Beobachtungszeitraums trotzdem eine Druckänderung in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 durch das Leckerkennungsmittel festgestellt, so kann eine Leckage erkannt werden. Ein Leck wird vorteilhafter erst dann erkannt, wenn die Druckänderung einen vorgegebenen Grenzbetrag überschreitet oder der Gradient der Druckänderung größer ist als ein vorgegebener Grenzgradient.The motor vehicle includes a leak detection means, which is associated with the tank ventilation device 102. The leak detection means comprises the pressure detection means 32 and parts of the software function implemented in the control device 31, which detect and evaluate the output signal of the pressure detection means 32. The control functions detect a pressure change in the tank ventilation device and evaluate these pressure changes for possible leakage in the tank venting device. If the tank ventilation device is hermetically sealed, ie the tank ventilation valve 28, the ventilation valve 29 and all other openings of the tank ventilation device 102 are closed to the environment, and if a pressure change in the tank ventilation device 102 is still detected by the leak detection means within a predetermined observation period, leakage can be detected become. A leak is advantageously detected only when the pressure change exceeds a predetermined limit amount or the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predetermined limit gradient.

In Figur 3 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Steuerverfahrens für die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 in Form eines Ablaufdiagramms dargestellt. Das Verfahren wird in Schritt 300 zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt gestartet. Dies kann sowohl bei abgeschalteter als auch bei angeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine 1 erfolgen.In FIG. 3 An embodiment of a control method for the tank ventilation device 102 is shown in the form of a flowchart. The method is started in step 300 at any time. This can be done both when switched off and when the internal combustion engine 1 is switched on.

In Schritt 301 wird das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 geschlossen. Anschließend fährt das Verfahren mit Schritt 302 fort, in dem überprüft wird, ob die Brennkraftmaschine 1 angeschaltet ist, d.h., ob die Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Zündung aktiviert sind und eine Verbrennung in den Brennräumen 5 stattfindet. Ist dies nicht der Fall, d.h. bei abgeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine 1, fährt das Verfahren mit Schritt 303 fort, in dem überprüft wird, ob der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 geringer ist, als ein aktueller Saugrohrdruck. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Vergleich des Ausgangswerts des Druckerfassungsmittels 23 mit dem Ausgangswert des Saugrohrdrucksensors 40 erfolgen.In step 301, the tank vent valve 28 is closed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step 302, where it is checked whether the engine 1 is turned on, that is, whether the fuel injection and ignition are activated and combustion takes place in the combustion chambers 5. If this is not the case, i. with the internal combustion engine 1 switched off, the method proceeds to step 303, in which it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is lower than a current intake manifold pressure. This can be done for example by comparing the output value of the pressure detection means 23 with the output value of the intake manifold pressure sensor 40.

Bei einem negativen Ergebnis der Abfrage in Schritt 303 und in dem Fall, dass die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung über ein Druckveränderungsmittel 32 in Form eines Vakuumerzeugungsmittels verfügt, wird dieses in Schritt 304 aktiviert und der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung bis unter den aktuellen Saugrohrdruck abgesenkt. Sollte die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung über kein Vakuumerzeugungsmittel 32 verfügen, so kehrt das Verfahren zu Schritt 302 zurück. Diese Alternative ist in Figur 3 durch einen gestrichelten Pfeil angedeutet.In a negative result of the query in step 303 and in the case that the tank ventilation device has a pressure-changing means 32 in the form of a vacuum generating means, this is activated in step 304 and Pressure in the tank ventilation device lowered below the current intake manifold pressure. If the tank ventilation device does not have a vacuum generating means 32, the method returns to step 302. This alternative is in FIG. 3 indicated by a dashed arrow.

Durch die Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 (gegenüber dem aktuellen Saugrohrdruck) bei abgeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine 1 wird sichergestellt, dass bei einem Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 eine Gasströmung von dem Ansaugtrakt 4, bzw. von dem Saugrohr 40, über das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 in die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 stattfindet. Unerwünschte Emissionen von Kraftstoffdämpfen aus der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 in die Umgebung werden dadurch vermieden.By generating a negative pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 (with respect to the current intake manifold pressure) with the internal combustion engine 1 switched off, it is ensured that, when the tank ventilation valve 28 is opened, gas flow from the intake tract 4 or from the intake manifold 40 via the tank ventilation valve 28 into the tank ventilation device 102 takes place. Unwanted emissions of fuel vapors from the tank venting device 102 into the environment are thereby avoided.

Wird in Schritt 302 jedoch erkannt, dass die Brennkraftmaschine 1 angeschaltet ist, d.h. die Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Zündung aktiviert sind und eine Verbrennung stattfindet, so fährt das Verfahren mit Schritt 306 fort, in dem überprüft wird, ob der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 größer ist als der aktuelle Saugrohrdruck. Verfügt die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung über ein Druckveränderungsmittel 32 in Form eines Druckerzeugungsmittels, so fährt das Verfahren bei einem negativen Ergebnis der Abfrage in Schritt 306 mit Schritt 307 fort, in dem das Druckerzeugungsmittel aktiviert wird und der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 über den aktuellen Saugrohrdruck erhöht wird.However, if it is detected in step 302 that the internal combustion engine 1 is turned on, i. If fuel injection and ignition are activated and combustion occurs, the method continues to step 306, where it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is greater than the current intake manifold pressure. If the tank venting device has a pressure change means 32 in the form of a pressure generating means, the process proceeds to step 307 if the result of the query in step 306 is negative, in which the pressure generating means is activated and the pressure in the tank venting device 102 is increased above the current manifold pressure.

In dem Fall, dass die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung über kein Druckerzeugungsmittel verfügt, kehrt das Verfahren bei einem negativen Ergebnis von Schritt 306 zu Schritt 302 zurück. Auch diese Alternative ist mit einem gestrichelten Pfeil gekennzeichnet.In the event that the tank ventilation device has no pressure generating means, the method returns to step 302 if the result of step 306 is negative. This alternative is also marked with a dashed arrow.

Durch die Erzeugung eines Überdrucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 (gegenüber dem aktuellen Saugrohrdruck) bei angeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine 1 wird sichergestellt, dass bei einem Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 eine Gasströmung aus der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 über das Tankentlüftungsventil in den Ansaugtrakt 4, bzw. in das Saugrohr 40, stattfindet. Eine unerwünschte Rückströmung von Frischluft aus dem Saugrohr 9 in die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 wird dadurch vermieden.By generating an overpressure in the tank ventilation device 102 (compared to the current intake manifold pressure) when the internal combustion engine 1 is switched on, it is ensured that When opening the tank ventilation valve 28, a gas flow from the tank ventilation device 102 via the tank vent valve in the intake manifold 4, and in the suction pipe 40, takes place. An undesirable backflow of fresh air from the suction pipe 9 into the tank ventilation device 102 is thereby avoided.

Bei einem positiven Ergebnis der Abfragen in den Schritten 303 oder 306 oder alternativ bei einer Absenkung des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 unter den Saugrohrdruck in Schritt 304 oder alternativ nach dem Anheben des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 über den Saugrohrdruck in Schritt 307 wird der Wert des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 in Schritt 305 geringfügig erhöht. Die Erhöhung des Werts des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 geschieht im Sinne des Öffnens des Tankentlüftungsventils 28. Nach der ersten erfolgten Steigerung des Werts des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 wird nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer in Schritt 308 überprüft, ob durch das Druckerfassungsmittel 23 bzw. das Leckerkennungsmittel eine Druckänderung in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 erkannt wurde. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so kehrt das Verfahren zu Schritt 305 zurück und der Wert des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 wird wiederum um einen gewissen Betrag im Sinne des Öffnens des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 gesteigert.If the results of the queries are positive in steps 303 or 306, or alternatively if the pressure in the tank vent 102 is decreased below the manifold pressure in step 304 or alternatively after the pressure in the tank vent 102 is increased above the manifold pressure in step 307, the value of Control signal for the tank vent valve 28 in step 305 slightly increased. The increase in the value of the control signal for the tank vent valve 28 is in the sense of opening the tank vent valve 28. After the first successful increase in the value of the control signal for the tank vent valve 28 is checked after a predetermined period of time in step 308, whether by the pressure sensing means 23 and the leak detection means has detected a pressure change in the tank ventilation device 102. If this is not the case, then the method returns to step 305 and the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 is again increased by a certain amount in the sense of opening the tank-venting valve 28.

Die Steigerung des Wertes des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 erfolgt so lange, bis in Schritt 308 eine Änderung des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 erkannt wird. In dem Fall, dass der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 geringer war als der Saugrohrdruck, wird ein Anstieg des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 erkannt. War der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 größer als der Saugrohrdruck, so wird in Schritt 308 eine Abnahme des Drucks in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 erkannt.The increase in the value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 takes place until, in step 308, a change in the pressure in the tank-venting device 102 is detected. In the case that the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 was lower than the intake pipe pressure, an increase in the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is detected. If the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 was greater than the intake manifold pressure, a decrease in the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 is detected in step 308.

Bei einem positiven Ergebnis der Abfrage in Schritt 308 fährt das Verfahren mit Schritt 309 fort, in dem von dem leckerkennungsmittel eine Leckage in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung erkannt wurde, was auf das Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 hinweist. Der aktuelle Wert des Steuersignals für das Tankentlüftungsventil 28 wird demnach als der Öffnungssteuerwert des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 erkannt und festgelegt. Dadurch, dass das Leckerkennungsmittel basierend auf der Druckänderung in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 eine Leckage erkannt hat, kann auf das Öffnen des Tankentlüftungsventils 28 rückgeschlossen werden. Die Robustheit des Verfahrens kann dadurch verbessert werden, dass das Verfahren von Schritt 308 erst dann zu Schritt 309 übergeht, wenn sich der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 entweder um einen vorgegebenen Grenzbetrag geändert hat und/oder der Gradient der Druckänderung größer ist als ein vorgegebener Grenzgradienten.If the result of the query in step 308 is positive, the method continues to step 309, in which a leak in the tank venting device has been detected by the leak detection means, indicating the opening of the tank venting valve 28. The current value of the control signal for the tank-venting valve 28 is thus recognized and set as the opening control value of the tank-venting valve 28. Because the leak detection means has detected a leak based on the pressure change in the tank ventilation device 102, the opening of the tank ventilation valve 28 can be deduced. The robustness of the method can be improved if the method of step 308 does not proceed to step 309 until the pressure in the tank ventilation device 102 has either changed by a predetermined limit amount and / or the gradient of the pressure change is greater than a predefined limit gradient ,

Nach Schritt 309 wird das Verfahren mit Schritt 310 beendet und kann zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder von neu gestartet werden.After step 309, the method is terminated with step 310 and may be restarted at a later time.

Vorteilhafterweise wird dieses Verfahren erst dann durchgeführt, wenn die Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung 102 zuvor bei geschlossenem Tankentlüftungsventil 28 als leckfrei erkannt wurde. Auch diese Überprüfung erfolgt durch das Leckerkennungsmittel basierend auf einer Überwachung der Druckverhältnisse in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung. Dazu wird überprüft, ob sich der Druck in der Tankentlüftungsvorrichtung bei geschlossenem Tankentlüftungsventil 28 innerhalb eines Beobachtungszeitraums um ein vorgegebenes Maß ändert. Ist dies der Fall, so kann auf eine Leckage geschlossen werden und das Verfahren wird unterbunden.Advantageously, this method is only performed when the tank ventilation device 102 has previously been identified as leak-free when the tank ventilation valve 28 is closed. This check is also carried out by the leak detection means based on monitoring the pressure conditions in the tank ventilation device. For this purpose, it is checked whether the pressure in the tank ventilation device changes with a closed tank ventilation valve 28 within an observation period by a predetermined amount. If this is the case, it can be concluded that there is a leak and the process is prevented.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for controlling a tank ventilation device (102) for a motor vehicle (100), wherein
    - a tank ventilation valve (28) of the tank ventilation device (102) is closed,
    - the value of a control signal for the tank ventilation valve (28) is increased in the sense of opening the tank ventilation valve (28) until a leak detection means (23, 31) which is assigned to the tank ventilation device (102) detects a leak in the tank ventilation device (102), characterized in that
    - the value of the control signal at which the leak in the tank ventilation device (102) is detected is detected as the opening control valve for opening the tank ventilation valve (28).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the determination of the opening control value of the tank ventilation valve (28) is carried out only when the tank ventilation device (102) has previously been detected as free of leaks.
  3. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 2, wherein the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device (102) if the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) changes within an observation time period.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, wherein the leak detection means detects a leak in the tank ventilation device (102) when the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) changes by more than a predefined limiting value and/or if the gradient of the change in pressure is greater than a predefined limiting gradient.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 3 and 4, wherein the tank ventilation device (102) is assigned an internal combustion engine (1), and when the internal combustion engine (1) is switched off the opening control value is determined only when the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) is lower than the pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine (1).
  6. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 5, wherein the tank ventilation device (102) is assigned an internal combustion engine (1), and after the closing of the tank ventilation valve (28) the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) is lowered by a vacuum generating means (32) to a predefined value which is lower than the current pressure in an intake manifold (9) of the internal combustion engine (1).
  7. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 5, wherein the tank ventilation device (102) is assigned an internal combustion engine (1), and when the internal combustion engine (1) is switched on the opening control value is determined only when the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) is higher than the pressure in an intake manifold (9) of the internal combustion engine (1).
  8. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 4 or 7, wherein the tank ventilation device (102) is assigned an internal combustion engine (1), and after the closing of the tank ventilation valve (28) the pressure in the tank ventilation device (102) is raised by a pressure generating means (32) to a predefined value which is higher than the current pressure in an intake manifold (9) of the internal combustion engine (1).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the value of the control signal is increased incrementally, and before an increase the value of the control signal is kept constant for a predefined time period.
  10. Control device (31) for a tank ventilation device (102) of a motor vehicle (100), which control device is embodied in such a way that
    - a tank ventilation valve (28) of the tank ventilation device (102) is closed,
    - the value of a control signal for the tank ventilation valve (28) is increased in the sense of opening the tank ventilation valve (28) until a leak detection means (23, 31) which is assigned to the tank ventilation device (102) detects a leak in the tank ventilation device (102), characterized in that
    - the value of the control signal at which the leak in the tank ventilation device (102) is detected is detected as the opening control value for opening the tank ventilation valve (28).
EP09769088.7A 2008-06-25 2009-05-27 Method and device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle Active EP2294306B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE200810030089 DE102008030089A1 (en) 2008-06-25 2008-06-25 Method and device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle
PCT/EP2009/056437 WO2009156239A1 (en) 2008-06-25 2009-05-27 Method and device for controlling a tank ventilation device for a motor vehicle

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EP2294306B1 true EP2294306B1 (en) 2015-07-22

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EP2294306A1 (en) 2011-03-16
KR101262195B1 (en) 2013-05-15
WO2009156239A1 (en) 2009-12-30
DE102008030089A1 (en) 2010-01-07
KR20110019760A (en) 2011-02-28
US20110139261A1 (en) 2011-06-16

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