EP2248265B1 - Bit permutation patterns for ldpc coded modulation and qam constellations - Google Patents

Bit permutation patterns for ldpc coded modulation and qam constellations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2248265B1
EP2248265B1 EP09717819.8A EP09717819A EP2248265B1 EP 2248265 B1 EP2248265 B1 EP 2248265B1 EP 09717819 A EP09717819 A EP 09717819A EP 2248265 B1 EP2248265 B1 EP 2248265B1
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Prior art keywords
corresponds
bits
block
nframe
signals
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German (de)
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EP2248265A1 (en
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Giovanni Vitale
Vittoria Mignone
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Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana SpA
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Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana SpA
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Priority claimed from ITTO20080154 external-priority patent/ITTO20080154A1/en
Priority claimed from ITTO20080173 external-priority patent/ITTO20080173A1/en
Priority to SI200931258T priority Critical patent/SI2248265T1/en
Priority to PL09717819T priority patent/PL2248265T3/en
Priority to DK10158889.5T priority patent/DK2254249T3/en
Priority to EP10158893.7A priority patent/EP2254250B1/en
Priority to PL10158889T priority patent/PL2254249T3/en
Application filed by Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana SpA filed Critical Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana SpA
Priority to EP10158889.5A priority patent/EP2254249B1/en
Priority to PL10158893T priority patent/PL2254250T3/en
Priority to DK10158893.7T priority patent/DK2254250T3/en
Publication of EP2248265A1 publication Critical patent/EP2248265A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/27—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
    • H03M13/2778—Interleaver using block-wise interleaving, e.g. the interleaving matrix is sub-divided into sub-matrices and the permutation is performed in blocks of sub-matrices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1148—Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix
    • H03M13/116—Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes, i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices
    • H03M13/1165—QC-LDPC codes as defined for the digital video broadcasting [DVB] specifications, e.g. DVB-Satellite [DVB-S2]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • H03M13/255—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with Low Density Parity Check [LDPC] codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for digital signal processing and to transmission/reception systems that utilize said methods.
  • the invention is intended mainly, but not exclusively, for receiving and transmitting digital audio and video signals, in particular those involved in the broadcasting of second-generation digital terrestrial television signals.
  • Document WO 2006/020460 A describes a method for designing LDPC codes in Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output channels within a digital signal delivery system, such as wireless Local Area Networks, Bluetooth networks and high-speed wireless networks.
  • Document WO 2006/083233 A describes a method for transmitting/receiving data comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the data is mapped to a plurality of modulation symbols and wherein the signal to be modulated is coded according to an LDPC code.
  • Document US 2007/033486 A1 describes a communication system comprising a channel interleaving apparatus using an LDPC code, wherein the channel Interleaver interleaves the LDPC codeword according to a predetermined rule, and a modulator modulates the channel-interleaved LDPC codeword into a modulation symbol, using a predetermined modulation scheme.
  • the second-generation systems for broadband satellite broadcasting utilizes the LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) encoding associated with the QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK modulations ( Figure 1 ), which are suitable for transmission over a non-linear channel such as the satellite one.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • a description of the DVB-S2 standard and LDPC codes can be found, for example, in A. Morello, V. Mignone, "DVB-S2: The Second Generation Standard for Satellite Broad-band Services", Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 94, Issue 1, Jan.
  • DVB-S2 Digital Video Broadcasting
  • 8PSK 8PSK
  • 16APSK 16APSK
  • 32APSK constellation mapper 16APSK
  • the encoded packet outputted by the LDPC encoder (formed by a number of bits equal to 16,200 or 64,800, which number is generally referred to with the symbol "N FRAME ”) is written by columns in a matrix having N columns, where N is the number of bits carried by the constellation (N is 3 for 8PSK, 4 for 16APSK, 5 for 32APSK), and N FRAME /N rows ( Figure 2 ), and is read by rows; reading takes place from left to right for all code rates provided by the standard, with the exception of the 3/5 rate, where reading takes place from right to left.
  • the association with the constellation points or coordinates takes place as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the Applicant has realised that, with QAM modulations, the performance offered by the LDPC codes are good but not wholly satisfactory as to the signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] required for reaching the QEF [Quasi Error Free] condition; as known, such a condition corresponds to the case wherein less than one error is received per hour of received program.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the general object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and, in particular, to improve the association between the bits outputted by the LDPC encoder and the constellation coordinates of QAM modulations; more particularly, the present invention deals with the LDPC encoding with a 3/5 code rate and with the 16QAM or 64QAM or 256QAM modulation.
  • figure 4 schematically shows the process for associating the bits of the modulating information stream with the points or coordinates of the QAM modulation constellation.
  • the "Encoder” block receives the modulating information stream and outputs an encoded information stream organized in packets consisting of N FRAME bits, which may be either 64,800 or 16,200; the code employed is the LDPC code, in particular the one of the DVB-S2 standard, with a 3/5 code rate.
  • said packets are written into an interleaving matrix having a total size N FRAME ; said matrix is constituted by m ⁇ N columns and N FRAME /(m ⁇ N) rows.
  • the “Demux” block associates them in m groups of N bits and permutes them according to predetermined schemes by taking into account the type of modulation (i.e. the QAM level), the code and the type of transmission channel, and then it outputs them.
  • the "Mapper” block associates the N-ples of bits outputted by the "Demux” block with the points or coordinates of the constellation, e.g. as shown in Figures 3B-3D for QAM modulations.
  • the present invention proposes particular permutation schemes which may be adopted for the QAM modulations and LDPC codes having different code rates provided, for example, by the DVB-S2 standard in association with different types of interleaving.
  • the preferred embodiments of the present invention refer to the 256QAM modulation and to the LDPC code with a 3/5 code rate.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention employs an interleaver which is equal or similar to the one of the DVB-S2 standard ( Figure 2 ), with a number of bits/columns dependent on the QAM modulation level type.
  • this preferred embodiment provides that the N-ples of bit outputted by the "Demux” are associated to the points of the constellations QAM through the "Mapper" block according to the labeling used in the DVB-T Standard ( Figures 3B-3D ).
  • the N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 6 (first aspect), for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate.
  • the present invention provides for using a matrix interleaver in the form of a matrix having 2 ⁇ N columns and N FRAME /(2 ⁇ N) rows, written by columns from top to bottom and read by rows from left to right.
  • the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux” block are permuted as specified in Figure 7 , for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2
  • another permutation has proven to be advantageous (third aspect); the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux” block are permuted as specified in Figure 8 , for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, a further permutation has also proven to be advantageous (fourth aspect); the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux” block are permuted as specified in Figure 9 , for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux” block are permuted as specified in Figure 10 , for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • the present invention provides for using a matrix interleaver in the form of a matrix having 2xN columns and N FRAME /(2 ⁇ N) rows, written by columns from top to bottom and read by rows from left to right.
  • the "Demux" block of Fig. 4 may operate, for example, with m equal to 2.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux" block may be permuted, for example, as specified in Figure 11 (sixth aspect), for 64QAM modulation, and associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 64QAM modulation.
  • the "Mapper" block receives the bits y0 to y5 first, followed by the bits y6 to y11.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 12 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 64QAM modulation.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux" block may be permuted, for example, as specified in Figure 13 (eighth aspect) and associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • the 2 ⁇ N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 16 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • the above-described methods may be used to advantage in a system for transmitting digital signals based on a 16QAM or 64QAM or QAM256 modulator, and particularly in an audio/video digital signal transmitter for broadcasting digital terrestrial television signals.
  • the transmission of television signals is carried out by radio frequency transmitters, while the reception of television signals occurs through television receivers typically installed in the television service users' homes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)

Description

  • The present invention relates to methods for digital signal processing and to transmission/reception systems that utilize said methods.
  • The invention is intended mainly, but not exclusively, for receiving and transmitting digital audio and video signals, in particular those involved in the broadcasting of second-generation digital terrestrial television signals.
  • Several techniques are known for receiving and transmitting digital signals; for example a list of six documents pertaining the technological background of the present invention is provided in the following. Document WO 2006/020460 A describes a method for designing LDPC codes in Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output channels within a digital signal delivery system, such as wireless Local Area Networks, Bluetooth networks and high-speed wireless networks.
  • The scientific article Jia Minli et al.: "Enhanced HARQ Schemes Based on LDPC Coded Irregular Modulation", Proc. IEEE 2007 International Symposium On Microwave, Antenna, Propagation And EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 1 August 2007, relates to a bit-interleaved coded irregular modulation and to LDPC coded irregular modulation comprising HARQ (Hybrid automatic repeat request) schemes.
  • Document WO 2006/083233 A describes a method for transmitting/receiving data comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the data is mapped to a plurality of modulation symbols and wherein the signal to be modulated is coded according to an LDPC code.
  • Document US 2007/033486 A1 describes a communication system comprising a channel interleaving apparatus using an LDPC code, wherein the channel Interleaver interleaves the LDPC codeword according to a predetermined rule, and a modulator modulates the channel-interleaved LDPC codeword into a modulation symbol, using a predetermined modulation scheme.
  • Document US 2006/0156169 A1 describes a LDPC coding and interleaving in a Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output communication system, wherein a plurality of irregular LDPC code are generated, associated to particularly selected interleaving schemes.
  • The scientific article by Clevorn T. et al.: "Iterative Demodulation for DVB-S2" Proc. Intern. Symposium On Personal, Indoor And Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) 2005, vol. 4, 11 September 2005, relates to iterative demodulation in receivers according to the DVB-S2 standard, wherein a LDPC coding is employed.
  • In order to protect the signals from the distortions of the transmission channel, the second-generation systems for broadband satellite broadcasting (DVB-S2) utilizes the LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) encoding associated with the QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK modulations (Figure 1), which are suitable for transmission over a non-linear channel such as the satellite one. A description of the DVB-S2 standard and LDPC codes can be found, for example, in A. Morello, V. Mignone, "DVB-S2: The Second Generation Standard for Satellite Broad-band Services", Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 94, , and "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications", ETSI EN 302 307, no. V1.1.2, 1 June 2006 (2006-06-01). For the purpose of better exploiting the potentiality of the codes, the DVB-S2 standard provides that an interleaver is interposed between the LDPC encoder and the 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK constellation mapper in order to achieve an improved association between the bits of the encoded word and the bits carried by the constellation points.
  • In the interleaver defined in the DVB-S2 standard, the encoded packet outputted by the LDPC encoder (formed by a number of bits equal to 16,200 or 64,800, which number is generally referred to with the symbol "NFRAME") is written by columns in a matrix having N columns, where N is the number of bits carried by the constellation (N is 3 for 8PSK, 4 for 16APSK, 5 for 32APSK), and NFRAME/N rows (Figure 2), and is read by rows; reading takes place from left to right for all code rates provided by the standard, with the exception of the 3/5 rate, where reading takes place from right to left. The association with the constellation points or coordinates takes place as shown in Figure 1.
  • For receiving and transmitting numerical audio and video signals involved in the broadcasting of second-generation digital terrestrial television signals, it has recently been thought of using the same encoding scheme as that employed in the DVB-S2 standard, i.e. the same LDPC codes, however associated with QAM [Quadrature Amplitude Modulation] modulations, in particular with the QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM modulations (Figures 3A-3D).
  • The Applicant has realised that, with QAM modulations, the performance offered by the LDPC codes are good but not wholly satisfactory as to the signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] required for reaching the QEF [Quasi Error Free] condition; as known, such a condition corresponds to the case wherein less than one error is received per hour of received program.
  • The general object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and, in particular, to improve the association between the bits outputted by the LDPC encoder and the constellation coordinates of QAM modulations; more particularly, the present invention deals with the LDPC encoding with a 3/5 code rate and with the 16QAM or 64QAM or 256QAM modulation.
  • Said objects are achieved through the methods for processing digital signals and the transmission and reception systems having the features set out in the appended claims, which are intended as an integral part of the present description.
  • The invention will now be described in detail in some of its preferred embodiments and aspects, which are provided herein by way of non-limiting example, by referring to the annexed drawings, wherein:
    • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK constellations included, among others, in the DVB-S2 standard;
    • Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the interleaver provided by the DVB-S2 standard, with reference to 8PSK modulation;
    • Figures 3A-3D are a schematic representation of the QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM constellations applicable to the reception and transmission of audio and video signals involved in the broadcasting of second-generation digital terrestrial television signals;
    • Figure 4 is a much simplified block diagram of a system for processing the modulating digital signal according to the present invention;
    • Figure 5 is an explanatory general diagram of the interleaver of Figure 4;
    • Figure 6 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a first aspect of the present invention relating to 256QAM modulation;
    • Figure 7 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a second aspect of the present invention relating to 256QAM modulation;
    • Figure 8 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a third aspect of the present invention relating to 256QAM modulation;
    • Figure 9 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a fourth aspect of the present invention relating to 256QAM modulation;
    • Figure 10 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention relating to 256QAM modulation;
    • Figure 11 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a sixth aspect of the present invention relating to 64QAM modulation;
    • Figure 12 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a seventh aspect of the present invention relating to 64QAM modulation;
    • Figure 13 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to an eighth aspect of the present invention relating to 16QAM modulation;
    • Figure 14 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a ninth aspect of the present invention relating to 16QAM modulation;
    • Figure 15 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to a tenth aspect of the present invention relating to 16QAM modulation;
    • Figure 16 is a schematical representation of the function carried out by the "Demux" block of Figure 5 according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention relating to 16QAM modulation.
  • Getting now into more detail of the description, figure 4 schematically shows the process for associating the bits of the modulating information stream with the points or coordinates of the QAM modulation constellation.
  • The "Encoder" block receives the modulating information stream and outputs an encoded information stream organized in packets consisting of NFRAME bits, which may be either 64,800 or 16,200; the code employed is the LDPC code, in particular the one of the DVB-S2 standard, with a 3/5 code rate.
  • In the "Interleaver" block, said packets are written into an interleaving matrix having a total size NFRAME ; said matrix is constituted by m×N columns and NFRAME/(m×N) rows.
  • The "Demux" block carries out a permutation of the bits received from the "Interleaver" block; such bits are received by the interleaving matrix in groups of m×N bits at a time, where N is the number of bits carried by the constellation (N=2 for QPSK, N=4 for 16QAM, N=6 for 64QAM, N=8 for 256QAM), and "m" is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The "Demux" block associates them in m groups of N bits and permutes them according to predetermined schemes by taking into account the type of modulation (i.e. the QAM level), the code and the type of transmission channel, and then it outputs them.
  • The "Mapper" block associates the N-ples of bits outputted by the "Demux" block with the points or coordinates of the constellation, e.g. as shown in Figures 3B-3D for QAM modulations.
  • It is worth pointing out that the blocks shown in Figure 4 are only those which are essential for understanding the present invention; it should not therefore be excluded the presence of intermediate blocks, e.g. between the "Demux" block and the "Mapper" block, adapted to perform specific signal processing functions.
  • The present invention proposes particular permutation schemes which may be adopted for the QAM modulations and LDPC codes having different code rates provided, for example, by the DVB-S2 standard in association with different types of interleaving.
  • The preferred embodiments of the present invention refer to the 256QAM modulation and to the LDPC code with a 3/5 code rate.
  • The preferred embodiment of the present invention employs an interleaver which is equal or similar to the one of the DVB-S2 standard (Figure 2), with a number of bits/columns dependent on the QAM modulation level type.
  • Preferably, then, this preferred embodiment provides that the N-ples of bit outputted by the "Demux" are associated to the points of the constellations QAM through the "Mapper" block according to the labeling used in the DVB-T Standard (Figures 3B-3D).
  • According to a first aspect relating to 256QAM modulation, in the "Demux" block in use "m" is equal to 1 (i.e. 8 bits for 256QAM), and therefore the rows of the matrix of the "Interleaver" block are read one at a time.
  • The N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 6 (first aspect), for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate. This means that, given the N bits b0 to b7 (inputted to the block), the N bits carried by the 256QAM constellation y0 to y7 (outputted by the block) are determined as follows: y0=b0, y1=b6, y2=b2, y3=b3, y4=b4, y5=b7, y6=b1, y7=b5
    where b0 and y0 are the most significant bits [MSB], and b7 and y7 are the least significant bits [LSB].
  • As an alternative (second aspect), the present invention provides for using a matrix interleaver in the form of a matrix having 2×N columns and NFRAME/(2×N) rows, written by columns from top to bottom and read by rows from left to right. In this case, the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2. The 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 7, for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b15, the 2xN bits carried by the 256QAM constellation y0 to y15 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b10, y2=b7, y3=b6, y4=b13, y5=b15, y6=b3, y7=b9,
    • y8=b11, y9=b1, y10=b8, y11=b5, y12=b2, y13=b14, y14=b4, y15=b12
    where b0 and y0 are the most significant bits [MSB], and b15 and y15 are the least significant bits [LSB]. More precisely, the "Mapper" block receives the bits y0 to y7 first, followed by the bits y8 to y15.
  • Still referring to the case wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, another permutation has proven to be advantageous (third aspect); the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 8, for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b15, the 2xN bits carried by the 256QAM constellation y0 to y15 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b4, y1=b6, y2=b0, y3=b2, y4=b3, y5=b 10, y6=b 12, y7=b14,
    • y8=b7, y9=b5, y10=b8, y11=b1, y12=b11, y13=b9, y14=b15, y15=b13
  • Still referring to the case wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, a further permutation has also proven to be advantageous (fourth aspect); the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 9, for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b15, the 2xN bits carried by the 256QAM constellation y0 to y15 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b12, y2=b4, y3=b6, y4=b8, y5=b14, y6=b2, y7=b10,
    • y8=b1, y9=b13, y10=b5, y11=b7, y12=b9, y13=b15, y14=b3, y15=11
  • Finally, still referring to the case wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, yet another permutation has proven to be advantageous (embodiment); the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 10, for 256QAM modulation encoded with a 3/5 rate, and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 256QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b15, the 2×N bits carried by the 256QAM constellation y0 to y15 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b4, y1=b6, y2=b0, y3=b2, y4=b3, y5=b14, y6=b12, y7=b10,
    • y8=b7, y9=b5, y10=b8, y11=b1, y12=b15, y13=b9, y14=b11, y15=b13
  • For 16QAM or 64QAM modulations, the present invention provides for using a matrix interleaver in the form of a matrix having 2xN columns and NFRAME/(2×N) rows, written by columns from top to bottom and read by rows from left to right. In this case, the "Demux" block of Fig. 4 may operate, for example, with m equal to 2.
  • The 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block may be permuted, for example, as specified in Figure 11 (sixth aspect), for 64QAM modulation, and associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 64QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b11, the 2×N bits carried by the 64QAM constellation y0 to y11 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b4, y1=b6, y2=b0, y3=b5, y4=b8, y5=b10
    • y6=b3, y7=b1, y8=b7, y9=b2, y10=b11, y11=b9
    where b0 and y0 are the most significant bits [MSB], and b11 and y11 are the least significant bits [LSB].
  • More precisely, the "Mapper" block receives the bits y0 to y5 first, followed by the bits y6 to y11.
  • Still referring to the case of 64QAM modulation wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, another permutation has proven to be advantageous (seventh aspect), the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 12 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 64QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2xN bits b0 to b11, the 2×N bits carried by the 64QAM constellation y0 to y11 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b4, y1=b6, y2=b0, y3=b5, y4=b8, y5=b10
    • y6=b2, y7=b1, y8=b7, y9=b3, y10=b11, y11=b9
  • In the case of 16QAM modulation, the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block may be permuted, for example, as specified in Figure 13 (eighth aspect) and associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b7, the 2×N bits carried by the 16QAM constellation y0 to y7 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b2, y2=b3, y3=b6, y4=b4, y5=b1, y6=b7, y7=b5
  • Still referring to the case of 16QAM modulation wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, a second permutation has also proven to be advantageous (ninth aspect); the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 14 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b7, the 2×N bits carried by the 16QAM constellation y0 to y7 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b3, y2=b2, y3=b6, y4=b4, y5=b1, y6=b7, y7=b5
  • Still referring to the case of 16QAM modulation wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, a third permutation has also proven to be advantageous (tenth aspect); the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 15 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2xN bits b0 to b7, the 2×N bits carried by the 16QAM constellation y0 to y7 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b2, y2=b3, y3=b5, y4=b4, y5=b1, y6=b7, y7=b6
  • Still referring to the case of 16QAM modulation wherein the "Demux" block operates with m equal to 2, a fourth permutation has also proven to be advantageous (eleventh aspect), the 2×N bits inputted to the "Demux" block are permuted as specified in Figure 16 and are associated with 2 consecutive symbols of 16QAM modulation.
  • This means that, given the 2×N bits b0 to b7, the 2×N bits carried by the 16QAM constellation y0 to y7 are determined as follows:
    • y0=b0, y1=b3, y2=b2, y3=b5, y4=b4, y5=b1, y6=b7, y7=b6
  • The above-described methods may be used to advantage in a system for transmitting digital signals based on a 16QAM or 64QAM or QAM256 modulator, and particularly in an audio/video digital signal transmitter for broadcasting digital terrestrial television signals.
  • As is apparent to those skilled in the art, if the above-described methods are applied in transmission, reverse methods will have to be applied in reception.
  • As known, the transmission of television signals is carried out by radio frequency transmitters, while the reception of television signals occurs through television receivers typically installed in the television service users' homes.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for processing digital signals to be sent to a QAM modulator of the 256QAM type, said signals being audio and video signals encoded according to an LDPC code with a 3/5 code rate in packets comprising NFRAME bits, wherein said LDPC code with a 3/5 rate is the one of the DVB-S2 standard, wherein said packets are written into an interleaving matrix by an Interleaver block, said interleaving matrix having a total size NFRAME and comprising 16 columns and a number of rows equal to NFRAME divided by 16, and a Demux block carries out a bit permutation of the bits received from said Interleaver block prior to the constellation mapping function, and a Mapper block associates the bits outputted by said Demux block with the coordinates of a 256 QAM constellation characterized in that said permutation is carried out on 16-bit words and consists in generating a word Y comprising the bits y0 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12 y13 y14 y15, in this order, starting from a word B comprising the bits b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 b13 b14 b15, in this order, the bits y0 and b0 being respectively the most significant bits of the words Y and B, and the bits y15 and b15 being respectively the least significant bits of the words Y and B, wherein:
    - y0 corresponds to b4 ,
    - y1 corresponds to b6,
    - y2 corresponds to b0,
    - y3 corresponds to b2 ,
    - y4 corresponds to b3 ,
    - y5 corresponds to b14,
    - y6 corresponds to b12,
    - y7 corresponds to b10,
    - y8 corresponds to b7 ,
    - y9 corresponds to b5 ,
    - y10 corresponds to b8,
    - y11 corresponds to b1,
    - y12 corresponds to b15 ,
    - y13 corresponds to b9 ,
    - y14 corresponds to b11,
    - y15 corresponds to b13.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said number NFRAME of bits is equal to 64800.
  3. System for transmitting digital signals comprising a QAM modulator, characterized in that it is adapted to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
  4. System according to claim 3, comprising an audio/video digital signal transmitter for broadcasting digital terrestrial television signals.
  5. Method for processing digital signals received by a QAM demodulator of the 256QAM type, said signals being audio and video signals encoded according to an LDPC code with a 3/5 code rate in packets comprising NFRAME bits, wherein said LDPC code with a 3/5 rate is the one of the DVB-S2 standard, wherein a de-Mapper block implements a constellation demapping function and associates the coordinates of a 256 QAM constellation with corresponding packets comprising a plurality of bits wherein a Demux block carries out a bit permutation of said plurality of bits after the constellation demapping function and wherein a number NFRAME of said permuted bits are written into an interleaving matrix by a de-Interleaver block, said interleaving matrix having a total size NFRAME and comprising 16 columns and a number of rows equal to NFRAME divided by 16 characterized in that said permutation is carried out on 16-bit words and consists in generating a word B comprising the bits b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 b13 b14 b15, in this order, starting from a word Y comprising the bits y0 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12 y13 y14 y15, in this order, the bits y0 and b0 being respectively the most significant bits of the words Y and B, and the bits y15 and b15 being respectively the least significant bits of the words Y and B, wherein:
    - y0 corresponds to b4,
    - y1 corresponds to b6,
    - y2 corresponds to b0,
    - y3 corresponds to b2 ,
    - y4 corresponds to b3 ,
    - y5 corresponds to b14,
    - y6 corresponds to b12,
    - y7 corresponds to b10,
    - y8 corresponds to b7 ,
    - y9 corresponds to b5 ,
    - y10 corresponds to b8 ,
    - y11 corresponds to b1,
    - y12 corresponds to b15,
    - y13 corresponds to b9 ,
    - y14 corresponds to b11,
    - y15 corresponds to b13.
  6. Method according to claim 5, wherein said number NFRAME of bits is equal to 64800.
  7. System for receiving digital signals comprising a QAM demodulator, characterized in that it is adapted to implement the method according to any one of claims 5 to 6.
  8. System according to claim 7, comprising an audio/video digital signal receiver for digital terrestrial television broadcast signals.
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HUE025389T2 (en) 2016-02-29
KR20150127744A (en) 2015-11-17
SI2248265T1 (en) 2015-10-30
HK1151140A1 (en) 2012-01-20
EP2254249A1 (en) 2010-11-24
US8718186B2 (en) 2014-05-06
ES2545782T3 (en) 2015-09-15
EP2254249B1 (en) 2015-05-27
HK1151141A1 (en) 2012-01-20
CN101971503A (en) 2011-02-09

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