EP2237965B1 - Multiple conduit fluid coupling with leakage flow control - Google Patents
Multiple conduit fluid coupling with leakage flow control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2237965B1 EP2237965B1 EP08700340A EP08700340A EP2237965B1 EP 2237965 B1 EP2237965 B1 EP 2237965B1 EP 08700340 A EP08700340 A EP 08700340A EP 08700340 A EP08700340 A EP 08700340A EP 2237965 B1 EP2237965 B1 EP 2237965B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printhead
- printhead cartridge
- spouts
- interface plate
- fluid coupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
- B41J29/02—Framework
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of fluid couplings and in particular, fluid couplings for supplying ink to inkjet printheads.
- Pagewidth printheads increase print speeds as the printhead does not traverse back and forth across the page to deposit a line of an image.
- the pagewidth printhead simply deposits the ink on the media as it moves past at high speeds.
- Such printheads have made it possible to perform full colour 1600dpi printing at speeds in the vicinity of 60 pages per minute; speeds previously unattainable with conventional inkjet printers.
- Some of the Applicant's printers provide the printhead as a user removable cartridge. This recognizes that individual ink ejection nozzles may fail over time and eventually there are enough dead nozzles to cause artifacts in the printed image. Allowing the user to replace the printhead maintains the print quality without requiring the entire printer to be replaced. It also permits the user to substitute a different printhead for different print jobs.
- a draft quality printhead can be installed for some low resolution documents printed at high speed, and subsequently removed and replaced with the original high resolution printhead.
- a number of the Applicant's printhead cartridges do not have an inbuilt ink supply for the printhead. These printhead cartridges need to be fluidically coupled to the ink supply upon installation. The supply flowrate to the pagewidth printhead is too high for needle valves because of the narrow internal diameter. This requires the coupling conduits to be relatively large and while the complementary structures on each side of the coupling may be self sealing upon disengagement, the wet surfaces can have enough residual ink to drip or run over the exterior surface of the coupling.
- conduits should be spaced from each other and positioned such that one conduit is never likely to be vertically above another during installation or removal. However, spacing the conduits apart is counter to compact design and structurally there is less flex in the components during engagement and disengagement if the conduits are clustered around a central axis.
- US 2006/0238570 A1 discloses a pagewidth printhead assembly with ink distribution arrangement.
- the present invention provides a user replaceable printhead cartridge as defined in claim 1.
- the invention recognizes that subtle surface modifications can be used to define a fluid flow path that residual drops will follow with good reliability. This permits the spouts to be clustered together with little chance of any cross contamination between the colors.
- the surface formations are grooves in the interface plate.
- the grooves extend in a generally vertical direction when the printhead cartridge is oriented as it would be when installed, the grooves deviating from generally vertical to avoid one of the spouts of different color.
- each grooves begin at its respective spouts and end at the recess feature.
- the printhead is a pagewidth printhead:
- the printer is an A4 printer and the printhead can print at speeds greater than 40 pages per minute.
- each of the apertures in the socket has a shut off valve that is biased closed, the shut off valve being held open when engaged with the corresponding spout.
- Figure 1 shows a printhead cartridge 2 installed in a print engine 3.
- the print engine 3 is the mechanical heart of a printer which can have many different external casing shapes, ink tank locations and capacities, as well as media feed and collection trays.
- the printhead cartridge 2 is inserted and removed by the user lifting and lowering the latch 126.
- Figure 2 shows the print engine 3 with the printhead cartridge removed reveal the apertures 122 in each of the sockets 120.
- Each aperture 122 receives one of the spouts 52 on the inlet and outlet manifolds.
- the ink tanks have an arbitrary position and configuration but simply connect to hollow spigots 124 at the rear of the sockets 120.
- FIG 3 is a perspective of the complete printhead cartridge 2.
- the printhead cartridge 2 has a top molding 44 and a removable protective cover 42.
- the top molding 44 has a central web for structural stiffness and to provide grip textured surfaces 58 for manipulating the cartridge during insertion and removal.
- the base portion of the protective cover 42 protects the printhead ICs (not shown) and line of contacts (not shown) prior to installation in the printer.
- Caps 56 are integrally formed with the base portion and cover the ink inlets and outlets (see 54 and 52 of Fig. 5 ).
- Figure 4 shows the printhead assembly 2 with its protective cover 42 removed to expose the printhead ICs on the bottom surface and the line of contacts 33 on the side surface.
- the protective cover is discarded to the recycling waste or fitted to the printhead cartridge being replaced to contain leakage from residual ink.
- Figure 5 is a partially exploded perspective of the printhead assembly 2.
- the top cover 44 has been removed reveal the inlet manifold 48 and the outlet manifold 50.
- the inlet and outlet shrouds 46 and 47 have been removed to better expose the five inlet and outlet spouts 52.
- the inlet and outlet manifolds 48 and 50 form a fluid connection between each of the individual inlets and outlets and the corresponding main channel in the LCP molding.
- the main channel extends the length of the LCP molding and it feeds a series of fine channels on the underside of the LCP molding.
- a line of air cavities are formed above each of the main channels 24. Any shock waves or pressure pulses in the ink are damped by compressing the air the air cavities.
- Figure 6 is an exploded perspective of the printhead assembly without the inlet or outlet manifolds or the top cover molding.
- the main channels 24 for each ink color and their associated air cavities 26 are formed in the channel molding 68 and the cavity molding 72.
- Adhered to the bottom of the channel molding 68 is a die attach film 66.
- the die attach film 66 mounts the printhead ICs 31 to the channel molding such that the fine channels on the underside of the are in fluid communication with the printhead ICs 31 via small laser ablated holes through the film.
- Figure 7 shows the inlet and outlet manifolds, 48 and 50, in elevation. Both manifolds have an interface plate 76 from which the spouts 52 extend.
- the spouts 52 have a relatively large internal diameter (approx. 2mm) compared to, say, a needle valve. This accommodates the high ink flow rate used by a pagewidth printhead, printing A4 sheets at speeds greater than 40 ppm (typically 60ppm) at a resolution of 1600dpi.
- the inlet and outlet manifolds 48 and 50 form a fluid connection between spouts 52 and the LCP moldings 20 via the connectors 60.
- the spouts in each manifold are arranged in a circle. Keeping the spouts 52 clustered close together on the inlet and outlet manifolds is less structurally stressful on the plastic moldings of the printhead cartridge.
- a single force applied at the centre of the spouts 52 can engage the socket instead of distributed forces acting across widely spaced spouts, or a single force that needs to be distributed by a structure stiffened to resist bending.
- the print engine 3 has three structurally stiff reference datums 128.
- the inlet and outlet manifolds bear directly onto the outer reference datums (see Fig. 1 ) so that their reaction force is directed though the centre of the five spouts 52.
- the centre datum 128 provides a reaction force directly opposing the force of the latch 126 holding the printhead cartridge in place.
- Disengaging the printhead cartridge 2 from the apertures 122 in the sockets 120 can cause residual ink to dribble from the spouts 52.
- the spouts on each manifold are clustered together.
- Grooves 110 are formed in the interface plates 76 to control the flow direction of any residual ink as it runs from a spout under gravity. Without any flow control measures, there is a good chance that the residual ink from one spout would flow onto the spout of a different color. The resulting color mixing is reasonably rapid and pervasive throughout the printhead cartridge 2. If the cartridge is subsequently re-installed in the print engine, the color mixing changes the color balance and is detrimental to image quality.
- the grooves 110 define a flow path that is generally vertically downwards to be consistent with the gravity feed of the residual drops.
- the grooves 110 deviate from the vertical in order to avoid other spouts.
- the grooves 110 terminate in a recess 112 beneath the circle of spouts 52. Residual ink collects in the recess 112 so as to avoid inadvertent spillage and ink stains.
- the grooves 110 can be small relative to the size of the residual ink drops draining from the spout 52. Rather than contain the flow, the grooves can merely define a preferred flow path that the drop chooses in preference to all others. For this, the grooves need only be enough to draw and guide the drop by capillary action. The ordinary worker will appreciate that the preferential flow path may also be defined by a ridge, or a series of discrete formations spaced along the interface plate.
Landscapes
- Ink Jet (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to the field of fluid couplings and in particular, fluid couplings for supplying ink to inkjet printheads.
- The Applicant has developed a wide range of printers that employ pagewidth printheads instead of traditional reciprocating printhead designs. Pagewidth designs increase print speeds as the printhead does not traverse back and forth across the page to deposit a line of an image. The pagewidth printhead simply deposits the ink on the media as it moves past at high speeds. Such printheads have made it possible to perform full colour 1600dpi printing at speeds in the vicinity of 60 pages per minute; speeds previously unattainable with conventional inkjet printers.
- Printing at these speeds consumes ink quickly and this gives rise to problems with supplying the printhead with enough ink. Not only are the flow rates higher but distributing the ink along the entire length of a pagewidth printhead is more complex than feeding ink to a relatively small reciprocating printhead.
- Some of the Applicant's printers provide the printhead as a user removable cartridge. This recognizes that individual ink ejection nozzles may fail over time and eventually there are enough dead nozzles to cause artifacts in the printed image. Allowing the user to replace the printhead maintains the print quality without requiring the entire printer to be replaced. It also permits the user to substitute a different printhead for different print jobs. A draft quality printhead can be installed for some low resolution documents printed at high speed, and subsequently removed and replaced with the original high resolution printhead.
- A number of the Applicant's printhead cartridges do not have an inbuilt ink supply for the printhead. These printhead cartridges need to be fluidically coupled to the ink supply upon installation. The supply flowrate to the pagewidth printhead is too high for needle valves because of the narrow internal diameter. This requires the coupling conduits to be relatively large and while the complementary structures on each side of the coupling may be self sealing upon disengagement, the wet surfaces can have enough residual ink to drip or run over the exterior surface of the coupling.
- Cross contamination of different colored inks is very detrimental to print quality. A drip from the black ink conduit onto the yellow ink conduit can change the color balance for many pages of printing. To avoid this, the conduits should be spaced from each other and positioned such that one conduit is never likely to be vertically above another during installation or removal. However, spacing the conduits apart is counter to compact design and structurally there is less flex in the components during engagement and disengagement if the conduits are clustered around a central axis.
-
US 2006/0238570 A1 discloses a pagewidth printhead assembly with ink distribution arrangement. - Accordingly, the present invention provides a user replaceable printhead cartridge as defined in claim 1.
- The invention recognizes that subtle surface modifications can be used to define a fluid flow path that residual drops will follow with good reliability. This permits the spouts to be clustered together with little chance of any cross contamination between the colors.
- Preferably, the surface formations are grooves in the interface plate. In a particularly preferred form, the grooves extend in a generally vertical direction when the printhead cartridge is oriented as it would be when installed, the grooves deviating from generally vertical to avoid one of the spouts of different color.
- In some embodiments, each grooves begin at its respective spouts and end at the recess feature. In particularly preferred embodiments, the printhead is a pagewidth printhead: In some embodiments, the printer is an A4 printer and the printhead can print at speeds greater than 40 pages per minute. In some embodiments, each of the apertures in the socket has a shut off valve that is biased closed, the shut off valve being held open when engaged with the corresponding spout.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
-
Figure 1 shows the printhead cartridge of the present invention installed the print engine of a printer; -
Figure 2 shows the print engine without the printhead cartridge installed to expose the inlet and outlet ink couplings; -
Figure 3 is a perspective of the complete printhead cartridge according to the present invention; -
Figure 4 shows the printhead cartridge ofFig. 3 with the protective cover removed; -
Figure 5 is an exploded partial perspective of the printhead assembly within the printhead cartridge ofFig. 3 ; -
Figure 6 is a partial front elevation of the printhead cartridge ofFig. 3 ; and, -
Figure 7 is a partial perspective of the printhead cartridge ofFig. 3 , and -
Figure 8 is a partial perspective of the inlet and outlet manifolds. -
Figure 1 shows aprinthead cartridge 2 installed in aprint engine 3. Theprint engine 3 is the mechanical heart of a printer which can have many different external casing shapes, ink tank locations and capacities, as well as media feed and collection trays. Theprinthead cartridge 2 is inserted and removed by the user lifting and lowering thelatch 126. The print below) and a fluid coupling via thesockets 120 and the inlet and outlet manifolds, 48 and 50 respectively.Figure 2 shows theprint engine 3 with the printhead cartridge removed reveal theapertures 122 in each of thesockets 120. Eachaperture 122 receives one of thespouts 52 on the inlet and outlet manifolds. As discussed above, the ink tanks have an arbitrary position and configuration but simply connect tohollow spigots 124 at the rear of thesockets 120. -
Figure 3 is a perspective of thecomplete printhead cartridge 2. Theprinthead cartridge 2 has atop molding 44 and a removableprotective cover 42. Thetop molding 44 has a central web for structural stiffness and to provide griptextured surfaces 58 for manipulating the cartridge during insertion and removal. The base portion of theprotective cover 42 protects the printhead ICs (not shown) and line of contacts (not shown) prior to installation in the printer.Caps 56 are integrally formed with the base portion and cover the ink inlets and outlets (see 54 and 52 ofFig. 5 ). -
Figure 4 shows theprinthead assembly 2 with itsprotective cover 42 removed to expose the printhead ICs on the bottom surface and the line ofcontacts 33 on the side surface. The protective cover is discarded to the recycling waste or fitted to the printhead cartridge being replaced to contain leakage from residual ink.Figure 5 is a partially exploded perspective of theprinthead assembly 2. Thetop cover 44 has been removed reveal theinlet manifold 48 and theoutlet manifold 50. The inlet andoutlet shrouds outlet spouts 52. The inlet and outlet manifolds 48 and 50 form a fluid connection between each of the individual inlets and outlets and the corresponding main channel in the LCP molding. The main channel extends the length of the LCP molding and it feeds a series of fine channels on the underside of the LCP molding. A line of air cavities are formed above each of themain channels 24. Any shock waves or pressure pulses in the ink are damped by compressing the air the air cavities. -
Figure 6 is an exploded perspective of the printhead assembly without the inlet or outlet manifolds or the top cover molding. Themain channels 24 for each ink color and their associatedair cavities 26 are formed in thechannel molding 68 and thecavity molding 72. Adhered to the bottom of thechannel molding 68 is a die attachfilm 66. The die attachfilm 66 mounts the printhead ICs 31 to the channel molding such that the fine channels on the underside of the are in fluid communication with the printhead ICs 31 via small laser ablated holes through the film. -
Figure 7 shows the inlet and outlet manifolds, 48 and 50, in elevation. Both manifolds have aninterface plate 76 from which thespouts 52 extend. Thespouts 52 have a relatively large internal diameter (approx. 2mm) compared to, say, a needle valve. This accommodates the high ink flow rate used by a pagewidth printhead, printing A4 sheets at speeds greater than 40 ppm (typically 60ppm) at a resolution of 1600dpi. - As best shown in
Figure 8 , the inlet and outlet manifolds 48 and 50, form a fluid connection betweenspouts 52 and theLCP moldings 20 via theconnectors 60. The spouts in each manifold are arranged in a circle. Keeping thespouts 52 clustered close together on the inlet and outlet manifolds is less structurally stressful on the plastic moldings of the printhead cartridge. A single force applied at the centre of thespouts 52 can engage the socket instead of distributed forces acting across widely spaced spouts, or a single force that needs to be distributed by a structure stiffened to resist bending. Referring back toFigure 2 , theprint engine 3 has three structurallystiff reference datums 128. The inlet and outlet manifolds bear directly onto the outer reference datums (seeFig. 1 ) so that their reaction force is directed though the centre of the five spouts 52. Thecentre datum 128 provides a reaction force directly opposing the force of thelatch 126 holding the printhead cartridge in place. - Disengaging the
printhead cartridge 2 from theapertures 122 in thesockets 120 can cause residual ink to dribble from thespouts 52. As discussed above, the spouts on each manifold are clustered together.Grooves 110 are formed in theinterface plates 76 to control the flow direction of any residual ink as it runs from a spout under gravity. Without any flow control measures, there is a good chance that the residual ink from one spout would flow onto the spout of a different color. The resulting color mixing is reasonably rapid and pervasive throughout theprinthead cartridge 2. If the cartridge is subsequently re-installed in the print engine, the color mixing changes the color balance and is detrimental to image quality. Thegrooves 110 define a flow path that is generally vertically downwards to be consistent with the gravity feed of the residual drops. Thegrooves 110 deviate from the vertical in order to avoid other spouts. Thegrooves 110 terminate in arecess 112 beneath the circle ofspouts 52. Residual ink collects in therecess 112 so as to avoid inadvertent spillage and ink stains. - The
grooves 110 can be small relative to the size of the residual ink drops draining from thespout 52. Rather than contain the flow, the grooves can merely define a preferred flow path that the drop chooses in preference to all others. For this, the grooves need only be enough to draw and guide the drop by capillary action. The ordinary worker will appreciate that the preferential flow path may also be defined by a ridge, or a series of discrete formations spaced along the interface plate.
Claims (6)
- A user replaceable printhead cartridge (2) for installation in a printer body having an ink supply, the printhead cartridge comprising a printhead and a fluid coupling for the inkjet printhead, the fluid coupling comprising:an interface plate positioned on an exterior of the printhead cartridge, the interface plate supporting a plurality of spouts (52) for sealed engagement with corresponding apertures (122) in a complementary socket (120) of the printer body,
characterized in that:the plurality of spouts are arranged in a circular formation; andthe interface plate has surface formations (110) individually associated with each of the spouts respectively, each surface formation defining a flow path along the interface plate towards a common recess feature (112), each flow path being configured to avoid any of the other spouts. - A printhead cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the surface formations are grooves in the interface plate.
- A printhead cartridge according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each groove begins at its respective spout and ends at the recess feature.
- A printhead cartridge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the printhead is a pagewidth printhead.
- A printhead cartridge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the printhead cartridge has an inlet manifold (48) and an outlet manifold (50), and wherein both the inlet and outlet manifolds having the fluid coupling.
- A printer comprising:a printer body (3) having an ink supply; anda user replaceable printhead cartridge (2) according to any one of the preceding claims installed in the printer body,wherein the spouts of the printhead cartridge are in sealed engagement with the corresponding apertures in the complementary sockets of the printer body.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2008/000042 WO2009089564A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2008-01-16 | Multiple conduit fluid coupling with leakage flow control |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2237965A1 EP2237965A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
EP2237965A4 EP2237965A4 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
EP2237965B1 true EP2237965B1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
Family
ID=40884979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08700340A Active EP2237965B1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2008-01-16 | Multiple conduit fluid coupling with leakage flow control |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2237965B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI461308B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009089564A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4591875A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-05-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Ink cartridge and cooperative continuous ink jet printing apparatus |
US5852459A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1998-12-22 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Printer using print cartridge with internal pressure regulator |
US5997128A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1999-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Translational service station for imaging inkjet printheads |
US6041805A (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-03-28 | Imation Corp. | Valve assembly for a removable ink cartridge |
US6652078B2 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2003-11-25 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Ink supply arrangement for a printer |
US6651955B2 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-11-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Elastomeric valve, and methods |
US6648458B2 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Pinch seal providing fluid interconnects between fluid delivery system components |
JP2004174961A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-24 | Brother Ind Ltd | Ink jet recorder and its ink introducing method |
JP4003728B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2007-11-07 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Tube fixing member and tube fixing structure |
US7448734B2 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2008-11-11 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Inkjet printer cartridge with pagewidth printhead |
US7118189B2 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-10-10 | Videojet Technologies Inc. | Autopurge printing system |
JP2006198984A (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | Canon Finetech Inc | Recovery mechanism, recovery unit and image forming apparatus |
JP4744243B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2011-08-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Ink tank, ink jet recording apparatus, and ink filling method and apparatus |
US7837297B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2010-11-23 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Printhead with non-priming cavities for pulse damping |
-
2008
- 2008-01-16 EP EP08700340A patent/EP2237965B1/en active Active
- 2008-01-16 WO PCT/AU2008/000042 patent/WO2009089564A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-01 TW TW097116115A patent/TWI461308B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2237965A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
EP2237965A4 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
TW200932555A (en) | 2009-08-01 |
TWI461308B (en) | 2014-11-21 |
WO2009089564A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
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