EP1759438B1 - Antenna - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1759438B1
EP1759438B1 EP05782909A EP05782909A EP1759438B1 EP 1759438 B1 EP1759438 B1 EP 1759438B1 EP 05782909 A EP05782909 A EP 05782909A EP 05782909 A EP05782909 A EP 05782909A EP 1759438 B1 EP1759438 B1 EP 1759438B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
planar
differential signal
planar antenna
coupling
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EP05782909A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1759438A1 (en
Inventor
Carlos Prieto-Burgos
Rainer Wansch
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas, and more particularly to antennas made up of a plurality of planar antennas.
  • Antennas are used for wireless connection of data transmission devices. Depending on the field of application, antennas with special characteristics are selected. There are some compromises to be made that specifically consider the integrability, gain, noise or bandwidth of an antenna.
  • One of the key selection factors is the antenna's feed method. Here, a distinction is made between a differential or a one-sided, also single-ended supply.
  • balun transformer also called balun, can be used, which transforms from a differential signal routing to a single-ended signal routing.
  • the decision of the feed method determines the type of antennas used or, alternatively, the use of a balun.
  • the dipole antenna or similar differentially fed antennas have the disadvantage that they must have no ground surface or metal surface next to them and are often not integrable.
  • the use of a planar antenna, such as a patch antenna although allows a better Integrity, but on the other hand requires a balancer, which can take a considerable amount of space.
  • the EP 1 231 671 A2 describes antennas with two, parallel to each other, arranged conductive plates which are contacted via feed points. Air or plastic may be disposed between the conductive plates.
  • the US Pat. No. 6,307,510 B1 describes an antenna with a substrate having a ground plane and a dielectric layer. On the substrate is disposed a diagonal pair of antenna elements forming an antenna dipole.
  • the US 2004/0155831 A1 describes a dipole antenna with a three-dimensional emitter element positioned in front of a conductive reflector.
  • the JP 2001 189615 A1 shows two antennas, which are arranged over a ground plane.
  • the US 5,955,995 shows an antenna with two oppositely disposed conductive plates separated by an air gap. The larger the gap, the wider the bandwidth of the antenna. An advantage of the arrangement is that no ground plane is needed.
  • the US 4,922,259 describes an antenna with two microstrip emitters each having a conductive patch separated from a ground plane by a dielectric spacer material. Between the two ground planes of the two radiators is an internal feed network. Both radiating elements are each contacted by a pair of feeders. The antenna is supplied with a non-differential "input signal". This input signal is supplied to the two radiators via one of the two connection lines. The input signal thus coincides with both emitters in phase.
  • the two radiators are each supplied with input signals that are phase-shifted by 90 degrees. For each other, the two input signals, which are phase-shifted by 90 degrees, are in phase again.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that differentially powered planar antennas function like a dipole antenna whose arms are planar antennas.
  • the planar antennas can be used with a differential feed system without a single-ended-to-differential transformation.
  • the approach according to the invention which is a differential fed dipole antenna,
  • the arms of which are planar antennas overcome the obstacles encountered when using known differentially fed antennas or when using known planar antennas, and still offers some significant advantages.
  • the inventive approach enables the use of a differential feed together with planar antennas without an additional balun.
  • An antenna according to the inventive approach can be used both in a transmitter and in a receiver in which a differential feed and a full integration capability is required.
  • two opposite concepts namely the differential feed and the planar antennas, are used together without the need for an additional element, such as a balun.
  • differential feed may be needed for certain designs, for example in terms of noise or gain.
  • the use of two planar antennas according to the inventive approach also makes it possible for the differentially fed antenna to be integrated more easily.
  • planar antennas used for the inventive approach does not differ from the design of a single-ended planar antenna.
  • adaptation to a desired frequency and radiation pattern will be developed for the particular configuration presented.
  • the inventive approach allows a structure of the antenna on both sides of an electronic module, so that a radiation takes place on both sides and thus the omnidirectional characteristic of the antenna is improved.
  • the approach according to the invention is suitable for applications in wireless data transmission, for audio or video transmission, and in particular also in the localization, ie wherever an emission in as many directions as possible is desired.
  • the antennas according to the invention can be planar integrated in the form presented. This offers itself due to the small size, especially at transmission frequencies in the centimeter and millimeter wave range. In this way, very compact units can be produced.
  • the antenna according to the invention will find application in transmitters and receivers because of their differential connections, which use differential feed because of higher power, lower noise, and simpler design.
  • the inventive approach is ideal for transmitters or receivers in which miniaturized antennas are to be integrated, which are relatively broadband in terms of their size.
  • the presented dipole antenna with planar arms is well suited to produce a desired omnidirectional radiation pattern.
  • Fig. 1 shows an antenna according to an example.
  • the antenna has a first planar antenna 102 and a second planar antenna 104, which are connected via means 106 for coupling or coupling out a differential signal.
  • the first planar antenna 102 has a first planar radiation element 112.
  • the second planar antenna 104 has a second planar radiation element 114.
  • the radiating elements 112, 114 are arranged on a first surface of a substrate 116 spaced from each other. On a second surface of the substrate 116, an electrically conductive layer 118 is disposed. The second surface of the substrate 116 is disposed opposite the first surface of the substrate 116.
  • the conductive layer 118 is a metallization layer that forms a ground plane of the planar antennas 102, 104.
  • the substrate 116 for example, a ceramic substrate is formed as a dielectric.
  • the first planar antenna 102 consists of a layered structure of the first planar radiating element 112, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118.
  • the second planar antenna 104 consists of the second planar radiating element 114, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118.
  • the means for coupling 106 is shown schematically in FIG. Shown is a differential signal port 122 or a generator for providing a differential signal, which has a first area 124 for providing a first component of the differential signal with the first planar antenna 102 and a second area 126 for providing a second component of the differential signal the second planar antenna 104 is connected.
  • the first component of the differential signal is a signal inverted to the second component of the differential signal.
  • the signal terminal 122 is connected to an evaluation device (not shown in the figures) for evaluating the received first component and the received second component of the differential signal.
  • the antenna is a differential fed planar antenna in a dipole configuration without the use of a balun.
  • the antenna shown consists of two planar antennas 102, 104, which fulfill the function of the dipole arms, since each planar antenna 102, 104 is fed by a different polarity (+/-).
  • the first planar antenna 102 represents a first dipole half and the second planar antenna 104 a second dipole half.
  • the schematic representation of the means for coupling 106 is representative of a differential feed or removal of a differential signal.
  • the antenna according to the invention works with all known feeding methods of an antenna element. For example, radiation coupling, a feed via a microstrip line or a feeder pin may be mentioned here.
  • the two dipole halves may each comprise a plurality of planar antennas.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna has a first planar antenna 202, a second planar antenna 204, and means for coupling the planar antenna 202,204 with a differential signal.
  • the first planar antenna 202 has a first planar radiation element 212 and the second planar antenna 204 has a second planar radiation element 214.
  • the antenna has a substrate stack consisting of a first substrate layer 216a, a second substrate layer 216b and a third substrate layer 216c.
  • an electrically conductive layer 218a is arranged in the form of a metallization. Between the second substrate layer 216b and the third substrate layer 216c, a second electrically conductive layer 218b is also arranged in the form of a metallization. On a second surface of the first substrate layer 216a, opposite the metallization 218a, the first planar radiation element 212 of the first planar antenna 202 is arranged.
  • the first planar antenna 202 is composed of the first planar radiating element 212, the first substrate layer 216a, and the metallization 218a.
  • the second planar radiation element 214 of the second planar antenna 204 is arranged on a surface of the second substrate layer 216b arranged opposite the second metallization 218b.
  • the second planar antenna 204 is composed of the second planar radiating element 214, the second substrate layer 216b, and the metallization 218b.
  • Substrate layers 216a, 216b, 216c are implemented as dielectrics.
  • a coupling in or out of the differential signal takes place via a radiation coupling.
  • the means 206 for coupling is shown schematically in Figure 2 and comprises a differential signal port 122, a first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal, and a second region 126 for providing a second component of the differential signal.
  • a first radiation coupling element 228a serves to connect the first radiation element 212 to the first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal.
  • a second radiation coupling element 228b is used to connect the second region 126 to provide the second component of the differential signal with the second radiation element 214.
  • the radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b are microstrip lines in this embodiment which are arranged in the first substrate layer 216a and the second substrate layer 216b, respectively, and project in an overlapping region of the radiation elements 212, 214 with the metallization layer 218a, 218b.
  • a coupling between the radiation elements 212, 214 and the radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b can take place, for example, via a capacitive or inductive coupling.
  • the radiation elements 212, 214 are arranged symmetrically on the substrate stack 216a, 216b, 216c.
  • the first planar antenna 202 is identical to the second planar antenna 204. In order to achieve special antenna characteristics, it is possible to deviate from this symmetrical arrangement.
  • Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a further embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • a first planar antenna 302 and a second planar antenna 304 are implemented as a PIFA antenna, which are connected via a device 306 for coupling or coupling out a differential signal.
  • the antenna shown in Fig. 3 has a layer structure according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.
  • the first planar radiating element 212 of the first planar antenna 302 is arranged on a first surface of a first substrate layer 216a.
  • a second planar radiating element of the second planar antenna 304 is not visible in FIG. 3, since it is arranged on the underside of the second substrate layer 216b.
  • Disposed between the first substrate layer 216a and the second substrate layer 216b is a third substrate layer 216c which is connected from the first substrate layer 216a via the first metallization layer 218a and to the second substrate layer 216b via the second metallization layer 218b.
  • a differential signal terminal is arranged consisting of a first signal line 324 for guiding the first component of the differential signal and a second line 326 for guiding the second component of the differential signal.
  • the first line 324 is connected to the first radiating element 212 of the first planar antenna 302 via a first feed line 328a.
  • the second line 326 for routing the second component of the differential signal is connected to the second radiating element (not shown in FIG. 3) of the second planar antenna 304 via a second feed line 328b.
  • a conductive layer disposed laterally on the substrate stack constitutes a first shorting plate 332 of the first PIFA antenna 302, and a second electrically conductive layer disposed laterally on the substrate stack constitutes a second shorting plate 334 of the second PIFA antenna 304.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further side view of the embodiment of the antenna according to the invention shown in FIG. 3, based on two PIFA antennas.
  • the elements of the antenna shown in Fig. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those already described with reference to FIG. 3. A repeated description of these elements is omitted here.
  • the planar antennas 302, 304 which correspond to the dipole arms of a dipole antenna, are PIFA antennas, each of the PIFA antennas 302, 304 being constructed on one side of the transmitter in order to produce the most isotropic radiation pattern possible.
  • the transmitter module be integrated in the third substrate layer 216c.
  • the measured adaptation of the antenna is not just the adaptation of the antenna, but that of both elements.
  • FIG. 5A and 5B A simulation of the antenna shown in Fig. 4 is shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.
  • FIG. 5A shows a characteristic of the reflection factor S11 of the antenna shown in FIG. 4. On the horizontal axis the frequency is plotted in Hz. In the vertical direction, the attenuation is plotted in dB. From the characteristic shown in Fig. 5A, it can be seen that the resonance frequency of the antenna is about 2.5 GHz. The maximum reflection loss is about -42 dB.
  • FIG. 5B shows a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. The locus of the reflection factor S11 can be seen from the reflection factor diagram.

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Abstract

An antenna comprises a first planar antenna and a second planar antenna. A coupler for coupling serves for coupling the first planar antenna to a first component of a differential signal and for coupling the second planar antenna to a second component of the differential signal.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Antennen und insbesondere auf Antennen, die aus einer Mehrzahl von Planarantennen aufgebaut sind.The present invention relates to antennas, and more particularly to antennas made up of a plurality of planar antennas.

Antennen werden zur drahtlosen Anbindung von Datenübertragungsgeräten genutzt. Je nach Anwendungsgebiet werden Antennen mit speziellen Charakteristika ausgewählt. Dabei sind einige Kompromisse einzugehen, die speziell die Integrierbarkeit, den Gewinn, das Rauschen oder die Bandbreite berücksichtigen einer Antenne. Einer der entscheidenden Auswahlfaktoren ist die verwendete Speisungsmethode der Antenne. Dabei wird zwischen einer differenziellen oder einer einseitigen, auch single-ended genannten Speisung unterschieden.Antennas are used for wireless connection of data transmission devices. Depending on the field of application, antennas with special characteristics are selected. There are some compromises to be made that specifically consider the integrability, gain, noise or bandwidth of an antenna. One of the key selection factors is the antenna's feed method. Here, a distinction is made between a differential or a one-sided, also single-ended supply.

Wenn aufgrund eines höheren Gewinns, eines niedrigeren Rauschens oder eines einfacheren Designs bei einem Antennen-Verstärker eine differenzielle Signalführung benutzt wird, sollte idealerweise eine differenziell gespeiste Antenne, beispielsweise eine Dipolantenne, ausgewählt werden. Statt dessen kann auch ein Symmetrieübertrager, auch Balun genannt, eingesetzt werden, der von einer differenziellen Signalführung nach einer Single-Ended-Signalführung transformiert. In der Praxis bestimmt die Entscheidung der Speisungsmethode die Art der verwendeten Antennen oder alternativ die Verwendung eines Symmetrieübertragers.If a differential signal routing is used for an antenna amplifier because of a higher gain, lower noise, or simpler design, ideally a differentially powered antenna, such as a dipole antenna, should be selected. Instead, a balun transformer, also called balun, can be used, which transforms from a differential signal routing to a single-ended signal routing. In practice, the decision of the feed method determines the type of antennas used or, alternatively, the use of a balun.

Die Dipolantenne oder ähnliche differenziell gespeiste Antennen haben den Nachteil, dass sie keine Massefläche oder Metallfläche neben sich haben dürfen und häufig nicht integrierbar sind. Die Verwendung einer Planarantenne, beispielsweise einer Patchantenne, erlaubt zwar eine bessere Integrierbarkeit, benötigt aber andererseits einen Symmetrieübertrager, der einen beträchtlichen Platz einnehmen kann.The dipole antenna or similar differentially fed antennas have the disadvantage that they must have no ground surface or metal surface next to them and are often not integrable. The use of a planar antenna, such as a patch antenna, although allows a better Integrity, but on the other hand requires a balancer, which can take a considerable amount of space.

Die EP 1 231 671 A2 beschreibt Antennen mit zwei, parallel zueinander, angeordneten leitfähigen Platten, die über Speisepunkte kontaktiert werden. Zwischen den leitfähigen Platten kann Luft oder Kunststoff angeordnet sein.The EP 1 231 671 A2 describes antennas with two, parallel to each other, arranged conductive plates which are contacted via feed points. Air or plastic may be disposed between the conductive plates.

Die US 6,307,510 B1 beschreibt eine Antenne mit einem Substrat, das eine Massefläche und eine dielektrische Schicht aufweist. Auf dem Substrat ist ein diagonales Paar von Antennenelementen angeordnet, die einen Antennendipol bilden.The US Pat. No. 6,307,510 B1 describes an antenna with a substrate having a ground plane and a dielectric layer. On the substrate is disposed a diagonal pair of antenna elements forming an antenna dipole.

Die US 2004/0155831 A1 beschreibt eine Dipolantenne mit einem dreidimensionalen Emitterelement, das vor einem leitfähigen Reflektor positioniert ist.The US 2004/0155831 A1 describes a dipole antenna with a three-dimensional emitter element positioned in front of a conductive reflector.

Die JP 2001 189615 A1 zeigt zwei Antennen, die über eine Massefläche angeordnet sind.The JP 2001 189615 A1 shows two antennas, which are arranged over a ground plane.

Die US 5,955,995 zeigt eine Antenne mit zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten leitfähigen Platten, die durch einen Luftspalt getrennt sind. Je größer der Spalt ist, desto breiter ist die Bandbreite der Antenne. Ein Vorteil der Anordnung ist es, dass keine Massefläche benötigt werde.The US 5,955,995 shows an antenna with two oppositely disposed conductive plates separated by an air gap. The larger the gap, the wider the bandwidth of the antenna. An advantage of the arrangement is that no ground plane is needed.

Die US 4,922,259 beschreibt eine Antenne mit zwei Mikrostreifenabstrahlern, die jeweils einen leitfähigen Patch aufweisen, der von einer Massefläche durch ein dielektrisches Abstandsmaterial getrennt ist. Zwischen den beiden Masseflächen der beiden Abstrahlern befindet sich ein internes Einspeisungsnetzwerk. Beide Abstrahlelemente werden jeweils von einem Paar von Einspeiseleitungen kontaktiert. Der Antenne wird ein nicht-differentielles "Inputsignal" zugeführt. Dieses Eingangssignal wird den beiden Strahlern über jeweils eine der beiden Anschlussleitungen zugeführt. Das Eingangssignal trifft also bei beiden Strahlern phasengleich ein. Über die anderen beiden Leitungen werden den beiden Strahlern jeweils um 90 Grad phasenverschobene Eingangssignale zugeführt. Zueinander sind die beiden um 90 Grad phasenverschobenen Eingangssignale wiederum phasengleich.The US 4,922,259 describes an antenna with two microstrip emitters each having a conductive patch separated from a ground plane by a dielectric spacer material. Between the two ground planes of the two radiators is an internal feed network. Both radiating elements are each contacted by a pair of feeders. The antenna is supplied with a non-differential "input signal". This input signal is supplied to the two radiators via one of the two connection lines. The input signal thus coincides with both emitters in phase. The two radiators are each supplied with input signals that are phase-shifted by 90 degrees. For each other, the two input signals, which are phase-shifted by 90 degrees, are in phase again.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine integrierbare Antenne zu schaffen.It is the object of the present invention to provide an integrable antenna.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an antenna according to claim 1.

Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft eine Antenne mit folgenden Merkmalen:

  • einer ersten Planarantenne;
  • einer zweiten Planarantenne; und
  • einer Einrichtung zum Koppeln der ersten Planarantenne mit einer ersten Komponente eines differenziellen Signals und zum Koppeln der zweiten Planarantenne mit einer zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals.
The present invention provides an antenna having the following features:
  • a first planar antenna;
  • a second planar antenna; and
  • means for coupling the first planar antenna to a first component of a differential signal and for coupling the second planar antenna to a second component of the differential signal.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass differenziell gespeiste Planarantennen wie eine Dipolantenne funktionieren, deren Arme Planarantennen sind. Insbesondere können die Planarantennen zusammen mit einem differenziellen Speisungssystem ohne eine Single-Ended-zu-Differenziell-Transformation verwendet werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Ansatz, der eine differenziell gespeiste Dipolantenne, deren Arme Planarantennen sind betrifft, überwindet die Hindernisse, die beim Einsatz bekannter differenziell gespeister Antennen oder beim Einsatz bekannter Planarantennen auftreten und bietet weiterhin einige wesentliche Vorteile. Insbesondere ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Ansatz die Verwendung einer differenziellen Speisung zusammen mit Planarantennen ohne einen zusätzlichen Balun.The present invention is based on the finding that differentially powered planar antennas function like a dipole antenna whose arms are planar antennas. In particular, the planar antennas can be used with a differential feed system without a single-ended-to-differential transformation. The approach according to the invention, which is a differential fed dipole antenna, The arms of which are planar antennas, overcome the obstacles encountered when using known differentially fed antennas or when using known planar antennas, and still offers some significant advantages. In particular, the inventive approach enables the use of a differential feed together with planar antennas without an additional balun.

Bei der Antenne gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz werden im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Planarantennen zwei Planarantennen ohne einen zusätzlichen Balun differenziell gespeist. Daraus resultiert eine ganz auf Multilayersubstraten integrierbare Antenne, die alle Vorteile einer differenziellen Speisung und einer Planarantenne enthält.In the antenna according to the inventive approach, in contrast to conventional planar antennas, two planar antennas are fed differentially without an additional balun. This results in an antenna which can be integrated completely on multilayer substrates and which has all the advantages of a differential feed and a planar antenna.

Eine Antenne gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz kann sowohl in einem Sender als auch in einem Empfänger verwendet werden, in denen eine differenzielle Speisung und eine Vollintegrierbarkeit benötigt ist. Damit werden zwei entgegengesetzte Konzepte, nämlich der differenziellen Speisung und der Planarantennen, zusammen verwendet ohne dass ein zusätzliches Element, beispielsweise ein Balun erforderlich ist.An antenna according to the inventive approach can be used both in a transmitter and in a receiver in which a differential feed and a full integration capability is required. Thus, two opposite concepts, namely the differential feed and the planar antennas, are used together without the need for an additional element, such as a balun.

Die Verwendung einer differenziellen Speisung kann für bestimmte Entwürfe, beispielsweise in Bezug auf Rauschen oder Gewinn benötigt werden. Die Verwendung zweier Planarantennen gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz ermöglicht es ferner, dass die differentiell gespeiste Antenne leichter integrierbar ist.The use of a differential feed may be needed for certain designs, for example in terms of noise or gain. The use of two planar antennas according to the inventive approach also makes it possible for the differentially fed antenna to be integrated more easily.

Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass sich das grundsätzliche Design der für den erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz verwendeten Planarantennen nicht vom Design einer single-endedgespeisten Planarantenne unterscheidet. Die Anpassung an eine gewünschte Frequenz und Strahlungscharakteristik wird jedoch für die vorgestellte spezielle Konfiguration entwickelt werden.Another advantage is that the basic design of the planar antennas used for the inventive approach does not differ from the design of a single-ended planar antenna. However, adaptation to a desired frequency and radiation pattern will be developed for the particular configuration presented.

Sowohl die elektrischen Eigenschaften als auch die Strahlungscharakteristik sind bei der Verwendung einer Antenne gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz deutlich verbessert, was zu einer Leistungssteigerung führt. Insbesondere ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Ansatz einen Aufbau der Antenne auf beiden Seiten eines Elektronikmoduls, so dass eine Abstrahlung auf beiden Seiten erfolgt und somit die Rundstrahlcharakteristik der Antenne verbessert wird.Both the electrical properties and the radiation characteristic are significantly improved when using an antenna according to the inventive approach, which leads to an increase in performance. In particular, the inventive approach allows a structure of the antenna on both sides of an electronic module, so that a radiation takes place on both sides and thus the omnidirectional characteristic of the antenna is improved.

Der erfindungsgemäße Ansatz ist geeignet für Anwendungen in der drahtlosen Datenübertragung, für Audio- oder Videoübertragung, und insbesondere auch in der Lokalisierung, also überall dort, wo eine Abstrahlung in möglichst alle Richtungen erwünscht ist. Die erfindungsgemäßen Antennen sind in der vorgestellten Form planar integrierbar. Dies bietet sich aufgrund der geringen Baugröße vor allem bei Übertragungsfrequenzen im Zentimeter- und Millimeterwellenbereich an. Auf diese Weise lassen sich sehr kompakte Einheiten herstellen.The approach according to the invention is suitable for applications in wireless data transmission, for audio or video transmission, and in particular also in the localization, ie wherever an emission in as many directions as possible is desired. The antennas according to the invention can be planar integrated in the form presented. This offers itself due to the small size, especially at transmission frequencies in the centimeter and millimeter wave range. In this way, very compact units can be produced.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne wird wegen ihrer differenziellen Anschlüsse in Sendern und Empfängern Anwendung finden, die aufgrund einer höheren Leistung, eines niedrigeren Rauschens und eines einfacheren Designs differenzielle Speisung nutzen. Außerdem ist der erfindungsgemäße Ansatz ideal für Sender oder Empfänger, bei denen miniaturisierte Antennen integriert werden sollen, die bezogen auf ihre Größe relativ breitbandig sind.The antenna according to the invention will find application in transmitters and receivers because of their differential connections, which use differential feed because of higher power, lower noise, and simpler design. In addition, the inventive approach is ideal for transmitters or receivers in which miniaturized antennas are to be integrated, which are relatively broadband in terms of their size.

Aufgrund der Aufbauflexibilität und der Integrierbarkeit auf planaren Schaltungen ist die vorgestellte Dipolantenne mit Planararmen gut geeignet, um ein gewünschtes Rundstrahlungsdiagramm zu erzeugen.Due to the design flexibility and the integrability on planar circuits, the presented dipole antenna with planar arms is well suited to produce a desired omnidirectional radiation pattern.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend Bezug nehmend auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Antenne gemäß einem Beispiel;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer Antenne gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht einer Antenne gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 4
eine weitere Seitenansicht der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Antenne;
Fig. 5A
eine Kennlinie des Reflexionsfaktors der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antenne; und
Fig. 5B
ein Reflexionsfaktor-Diagramm der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antenne.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of an antenna according to an example;
Fig. 2
a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3
a side view of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4
another side view of the antenna shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5A
a characteristic of the reflection factor of the antenna shown in Fig. 4; and
Fig. 5B
a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 4.

In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden für die in den verschiedenen Zeichnungen dargestellten und ähnlich wirkenden Elemente gleiche oder ähnliche Bezugszeichen verwendet, wobei eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente weggelassen wird.In the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various drawings and similar, and a repeated description of these elements will be omitted.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Antenne gemäß einem Beispiel. Die Antenne weist eine erste Planarantenne 102 und eine zweite Planarantenne 104 auf, die über eine Einrichtung 106 zum Einkoppeln oder Auskoppeln eines differenziellen Signals verbunden sind. Die erste Planarantenne 102 weist ein erstes planares Strahlungselement 112 auf. Die zweite Planarantenne 104 weist ein zweites planares Strahlungselement 114 auf. Die Strahlungselemente 112, 114 sind auf einer ersten Oberfläche eines Substrats 116 voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. Auf einer zweiten Oberfläche des Substrats 116 ist eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 118 angeordnet. Die zweite Oberfläche des Substrats 116 ist gegenüberliegend der ersten Oberfläche des Substrats 116 angeordnet.Fig. 1 shows an antenna according to an example. The antenna has a first planar antenna 102 and a second planar antenna 104, which are connected via means 106 for coupling or coupling out a differential signal. The first planar antenna 102 has a first planar radiation element 112. The second planar antenna 104 has a second planar radiation element 114. The radiating elements 112, 114 are arranged on a first surface of a substrate 116 spaced from each other. On a second surface of the substrate 116, an electrically conductive layer 118 is disposed. The second surface of the substrate 116 is disposed opposite the first surface of the substrate 116.

In diesem Beispiel ist die leitfähige Schicht 118 eine Metallisierungsschicht, die eine Massefläche der Planarantennen 102, 104 bildet. Das Substrat 116, beispielsweise ein Keramiksubstrat ist als Dielektrikum ausgebildet. Die erste Planarantenne 102 besteht aus einem schichtförmigen Aufbau des ersten planaren Strahlungselementes 112, des Substrats 116 und der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 118. Entsprechend dazu besteht die zweite Planarantenne 104 aus dem zweiten planaren Strahlungselement 114, dem Substrat 116 und der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 118.In this example, the conductive layer 118 is a metallization layer that forms a ground plane of the planar antennas 102, 104. The substrate 116, for example, a ceramic substrate is formed as a dielectric. The first planar antenna 102 consists of a layered structure of the first planar radiating element 112, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118. Accordingly, the second planar antenna 104 consists of the second planar radiating element 114, the substrate 116 and the electrically conductive layer 118.

Die Einrichtung zum Koppeln 106 ist in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt. Gezeigt ist ein differenzieller Signalanschluss 122 bzw. ein Generator zum Bereitstellen eines differenziellen Signals, der über einen ersten Bereich 124 zum Bereitstellen einer ersten Komponente des differenziellen Signals mit der ersten Planarantenne 102 und über einen zweiten Bereich 126 zum Bereitstellen einer zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals mit der zweiten Planarantenne 104 verbunden ist. Die erste Komponente des differenziellen Signals ist ein zu der zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals invertiertes Signal.The means for coupling 106 is shown schematically in FIG. Shown is a differential signal port 122 or a generator for providing a differential signal, which has a first area 124 for providing a first component of the differential signal with the first planar antenna 102 and a second area 126 for providing a second component of the differential signal the second planar antenna 104 is connected. The first component of the differential signal is a signal inverted to the second component of the differential signal.

Wird die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Antenne als eine Empfangsantenne genutzt, so ist der Signalanschluss 122 mit einer Auswerteeinrichtung (nicht gezeigt in den Figuren) zum Auswerten der empfangenen ersten Komponente und der empfangenen zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals verbunden.If the antenna shown in FIG. 1 is used as a receiving antenna, the signal terminal 122 is connected to an evaluation device (not shown in the figures) for evaluating the received first component and the received second component of the differential signal.

Aus Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, dass es sich bei der Antenne um eine differenziell gespeiste Planarantenne in Dipolkonfiguration ohne die Verwendung eines Baluns handelt. Die gezeigte Antenne besteht aus zwei Planarantennen 102, 104, die die Funktion der Dipolarme erfüllen, da jede Planarantenne 102, 104 von einer anderen Polarität (+/-) gespeist wird. Bezogen auf eine Dipolantenne stellt die erste Planarantenne 102 eine erste Dipolhälfte und die zweite Planarantenne 104 eine zweite Dipolhälfte dar.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the antenna is a differential fed planar antenna in a dipole configuration without the use of a balun. The antenna shown consists of two planar antennas 102, 104, which fulfill the function of the dipole arms, since each planar antenna 102, 104 is fed by a different polarity (+/-). Related to a dipole antenna the first planar antenna 102 represents a first dipole half and the second planar antenna 104 a second dipole half.

Die schematische Darstellung der Einrichtung zum Koppeln 106 steht stellvertretend für eine differenzielle Einspeisung bzw. Abführung eines differenziellen Signals. Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne arbeitet mit allen bekannten Speisungsmethoden eines Antennenelements. Beispielsweise sei hier die Strahlungskopplung, eine Einspeisung über eine Mikrostreifenleitung oder einem Speisepin genannt.The schematic representation of the means for coupling 106 is representative of a differential feed or removal of a differential signal. The antenna according to the invention works with all known feeding methods of an antenna element. For example, radiation coupling, a feed via a microstrip line or a feeder pin may be mentioned here.

In diesem Beispiel sind die planaren Strahlungselemente 112, 114 als planare, rechteckige Schichten gezeigt, die aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material aufgebaut sind. Abweichend von der gezeigten Geometrie können die planaren Strahlungselemente 112, 114 gemäß allen anderen bekannten Arten der Planarantennengeometrie aufgebaut sein. Als Beispiel sei hier eine viereckige, dreieckige oder ringförmige Ausformung genannt. Ferner können die Planarantennen als PIFA (PIFA = planar inverted F antenna) oder als gestapelte Antennen ausgeführt sein.In this example, the planar radiating elements 112, 114 are shown as planar, rectangular layers constructed of an electrically conductive material. Notwithstanding the geometry shown, the planar radiating elements 112, 114 may be constructed in accordance with all other known types of planar antenna geometry. As an example, a quadrangular, triangular or annular shape may be mentioned here. Further, the planar antennas may be implemented as PIFA (PIFA = planar inverted F antenna) or as stacked antennas.

Gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel können die beiden Dipolhälften jeweils eine Mehrzahl von Planarantennen aufweisen.As another example, the two dipole halves may each comprise a plurality of planar antennas.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer Antenne gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Antenne weist eine erste Planarantenne 202, eine zweite Planarantenne 204 und eine Einrichtung zum Koppeln der Planarantenne 202, 204 mit einem differenziellen Signal auf. Die erste Planarantenne 202 weist ein erstes planares Strahlungselement 212 und die zweite Planarantenne 204 ein zweites planares Strahlungselement 214 auf. Die Antenne weist einen Substratstapel bestehend aus einer ersten Substratschicht 216a, einer zweiten Substratschicht 216b und einer dritten Substratschicht 216c auf.Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna has a first planar antenna 202, a second planar antenna 204, and means for coupling the planar antenna 202,204 with a differential signal. The first planar antenna 202 has a first planar radiation element 212 and the second planar antenna 204 has a second planar radiation element 214. The antenna has a substrate stack consisting of a first substrate layer 216a, a second substrate layer 216b and a third substrate layer 216c.

Zwischen der ersten Substratschicht 216a und der dritten Substratschicht 216c ist eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 218a in Form einer Metallisierung angeordnet. Zwischen der zweiten Substratschicht 216b und der dritten Substratschicht 216c ist eine zweite elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 218b ebenfalls in Form einer Metallisierung angeordnet. Auf einer zweiten Oberfläche der ersten Substratschicht 216a, gegenüberliegend der Metallisierung 218a, ist das erste planare Strahlungselement 212 der ersten Planarantenne 202, angeordnet. Die erste Planarantenne 202 ist aus dem ersten planaren Strahlungselement 212, der ersten Substratschicht 216a und der Metallisierung 218a aufgebaut. Auf einer der zweiten Metallisierung 218b gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche der zweiten Substratschicht 216b ist das zweite planare Strahlungselement 214 der zweiten Planarantenne 204 angeordnet. Die zweite Planarantenne 204 ist aus dem zweiten planaren Strahlungselement 214, der zweiten Substratschicht 216b und der Metallisierung 218b aufgebaut. Die Substratschichten 216a, 216b, 216c sind als Dielektrikum ausgeführt.Between the first substrate layer 216a and the third substrate layer 216c, an electrically conductive layer 218a is arranged in the form of a metallization. Between the second substrate layer 216b and the third substrate layer 216c, a second electrically conductive layer 218b is also arranged in the form of a metallization. On a second surface of the first substrate layer 216a, opposite the metallization 218a, the first planar radiation element 212 of the first planar antenna 202 is arranged. The first planar antenna 202 is composed of the first planar radiating element 212, the first substrate layer 216a, and the metallization 218a. The second planar radiation element 214 of the second planar antenna 204 is arranged on a surface of the second substrate layer 216b arranged opposite the second metallization 218b. The second planar antenna 204 is composed of the second planar radiating element 214, the second substrate layer 216b, and the metallization 218b. Substrate layers 216a, 216b, 216c are implemented as dielectrics.

Gemäß dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel findet eine Ein- bzw. Auskopplung des differenziellen Signals über eine Strahlungskopplung statt. Die Einrichtung 206 zum Koppeln ist in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt und weist einen differenziellen Signalanschluss 122, einen ersten Bereich 124 zum Bereitstellen der ersten Komponente des differenziellen Signals und einen zweiten Bereich 126 zum Bereitstellen einer zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals auf. Ein erstes Strahlungskoppelelement 228a dient zur Verbindung des ersten Strahlungselements 212 mit dem ersten Bereich 124 zum Bereitstellen der ersten Komponente des differenziellen Signals. Entsprechend dazu dient ein zweites Strahlungskoppelelement 228b zur Verbindung des zweiten Bereichs 126 zum Bereitstellen der zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals mit dem zweiten Strahlungselement 214. Die Strahlungskoppelelemente 228a, 228b sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als Mikrostreifenleitungen ausgeführt, die in der ersten Substratschicht 216a bzw. der zweiten Substratschicht 216b angeordnet sind, und in einem Überlappungsbereich der Strahlungselemente 212, 214 mit der Metallisierungsschicht 218a, 218b hineinragen. Eine Kopplung zwischen den Strahlungselementen 212, 214 und den Strahlungskoppelelementen 228a, 228b kann beispielsweise über eine kapazitive oder induktive Kopplung erfolgen.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a coupling in or out of the differential signal takes place via a radiation coupling. The means 206 for coupling is shown schematically in Figure 2 and comprises a differential signal port 122, a first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal, and a second region 126 for providing a second component of the differential signal. A first radiation coupling element 228a serves to connect the first radiation element 212 to the first region 124 for providing the first component of the differential signal. Accordingly, a second radiation coupling element 228b is used to connect the second region 126 to provide the second component of the differential signal with the second radiation element 214. The radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b are microstrip lines in this embodiment which are arranged in the first substrate layer 216a and the second substrate layer 216b, respectively, and project in an overlapping region of the radiation elements 212, 214 with the metallization layer 218a, 218b. A coupling between the radiation elements 212, 214 and the radiation coupling elements 228a, 228b can take place, for example, via a capacitive or inductive coupling.

Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Strahlungselemente 212, 214 symmetrisch auf dem Substratstapel 216a, 216b, 216c angeordnet. Bevorzugterweise ist die erste Planarantenne 202 identisch zu der zweiten Planarantenne 204 ausgeführt. Um spezielle Antennencharakteristika zu erreichen, kann von dieser symmetrischen Anordnung abgewichen werden.According to this exemplary embodiment, the radiation elements 212, 214 are arranged symmetrically on the substrate stack 216a, 216b, 216c. Preferably, the first planar antenna 202 is identical to the second planar antenna 204. In order to achieve special antenna characteristics, it is possible to deviate from this symmetrical arrangement.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Antenne gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine erste Planarantenne 302 und eine zweite Planarantenne 304 als PIFA-Antenne ausgeführt, die über eine Einrichtung 306 zum Einkoppeln oder Auskoppeln eines differenziellen Signals verbunden sind.Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a further embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention. According to this embodiment, a first planar antenna 302 and a second planar antenna 304 are implemented as a PIFA antenna, which are connected via a device 306 for coupling or coupling out a differential signal.

Die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Antenne weist einen Schichtaufbau entsprechend dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel auf. Das erste planare Strahlungselement 212 der ersten Planarantenne 302 ist auf einer ersten Oberfläche einer ersten Substratschicht 216a angeordnet. Ein zweites planares Strahlungselement der zweiten Planarantenne 304 ist in Fig. 3 nicht ersichtlich, da es auf der Unterseite der zweiten Substratschicht 216b angeordnet ist. Zwischen der ersten Substratschicht 216a und der zweiten Substratschicht 216b ist eine dritte Substratschicht 216c angeordnet, die von der ersten Substratschicht 216a über die erste Metallisierungsschicht 218a und mit der zweiten Substratschicht 216b über die zweite Metallisierungsschicht 218b verbunden ist.The antenna shown in Fig. 3 has a layer structure according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. The first planar radiating element 212 of the first planar antenna 302 is arranged on a first surface of a first substrate layer 216a. A second planar radiating element of the second planar antenna 304 is not visible in FIG. 3, since it is arranged on the underside of the second substrate layer 216b. Disposed between the first substrate layer 216a and the second substrate layer 216b is a third substrate layer 216c which is connected from the first substrate layer 216a via the first metallization layer 218a and to the second substrate layer 216b via the second metallization layer 218b.

In der dritten Substratschicht 216c ist ein differenzieller Signalanschluss bestehend aus einer ersten Signalleitung 324 zum Führen der ersten Komponente des differenziellen Signals und einer zweiten Leitung 326 zum Führen der zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals angeordnet. Die erste Leitung 324 ist über eine erste Speiseleitung 328a mit dem ersten Strahlungselement 212 der ersten Planarantenne 302 verbunden. Die zweite Leitung 326 zum Führen der zweiten Komponente des differenziellen Signals ist über eine zweite Speiseleitung 328b mit dem zweiten Strahlungselement (nicht gezeigt in Fig. 3) der zweiten Planarantenne 304 verbunden.In the third substrate layer 216c, a differential signal terminal is arranged consisting of a first signal line 324 for guiding the first component of the differential signal and a second line 326 for guiding the second component of the differential signal. The first line 324 is connected to the first radiating element 212 of the first planar antenna 302 via a first feed line 328a. The second line 326 for routing the second component of the differential signal is connected to the second radiating element (not shown in FIG. 3) of the second planar antenna 304 via a second feed line 328b.

Eine seitlich an dem Substratstapel angeordnet leitfähige Schicht stellt eine erste Kurzschlussplatte 332 der ersten PIFA-Antenne 302 und eine zweite, seitlich an dem Substratstapel angeordnete elektrisch leitfähige Schicht stellt eine zweite Kurzschlussplatte 334 der zweiten PIFA-Antenne 304 dar.A conductive layer disposed laterally on the substrate stack constitutes a first shorting plate 332 of the first PIFA antenna 302, and a second electrically conductive layer disposed laterally on the substrate stack constitutes a second shorting plate 334 of the second PIFA antenna 304.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere seitliche Ansicht des in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne, basierend auf zwei PIFA-Antennen. Die in Fig. 4 gezeigten Elemente der Antenne sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet wie die bereits anhand von Fig. 3 beschriebenen. Auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente wird hier verzichtet.FIG. 4 shows a further side view of the embodiment of the antenna according to the invention shown in FIG. 3, based on two PIFA antennas. The elements of the antenna shown in Fig. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those already described with reference to FIG. 3. A repeated description of these elements is omitted here.

Erste Prototypen einer Antenne gemäß dem in Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wurden mit einem FDTD- (FDTD = finite difference time domain) Simulator simuliert, um sie auf ein Sendermodul aufzubauen. Die Planarantennen 302, 304, die den Dipolarmen einer Dipolantenne entsprechen, sind dabei PIFA-Antennen, wobei jede der PIFA-Antennen 302, 304 auf einer Seite des Senders aufgebaut sind, um ein möglichst isotropes Strahlungsdiagramm zu erzeugen. Gemäß dem in Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel kann das Sendermodul in der dritten Substratschicht 216c integriert sein.First prototypes of an antenna according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 were simulated with a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulator to build it onto a transmitter module. The planar antennas 302, 304, which correspond to the dipole arms of a dipole antenna, are PIFA antennas, each of the PIFA antennas 302, 304 being constructed on one side of the transmitter in order to produce the most isotropic radiation pattern possible. According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the transmitter module be integrated in the third substrate layer 216c.

Für die Messung des in Fig. 4 gezeigten Prototyps der Antenne wurde ein Balun verwendet, da alle zur Verfügung stehenden Messgeräte mit Single-Ended-Leitungen arbeiten. Deshalb ist die gemessene Anpassung der Antenne nicht nur die Anpassung der Antenne, sondern die von beiden Elementen.For the measurement of the prototype of the antenna shown in Fig. 4, a balun was used because all available meters operate with single-ended lines. Therefore, the measured adaptation of the antenna is not just the adaptation of the antenna, but that of both elements.

Eine Simulation der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antenne ist in den Fig. 5A und 5B gezeigt.A simulation of the antenna shown in Fig. 4 is shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.

Fig. 5A zeigt eine Kennlinie des Reflexionsfaktor S11 der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antenne. Auf der horizontalen Achse ist die Frequenz in Hz aufgetragen. In vertikaler Richtung ist die Dämpfung in dB aufgetragen. Aus der in Fig. 5A gezeigten Kennlinie ist ersichtlich, dass die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne bei ca. 2,5 GHz liegt. Die maximal Reflexionsdämpfung liegt bei ca. -42 dB.FIG. 5A shows a characteristic of the reflection factor S11 of the antenna shown in FIG. 4. On the horizontal axis the frequency is plotted in Hz. In the vertical direction, the attenuation is plotted in dB. From the characteristic shown in Fig. 5A, it can be seen that the resonance frequency of the antenna is about 2.5 GHz. The maximum reflection loss is about -42 dB.

Fig. 5B zeigt ein Reflexionsfaktordiagramm der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antenne. Aus dem Reflexionsfaktordiagramm ist die Ortskurve des Reflexionsfaktors S11 ersichtlich.FIG. 5B shows a reflection factor diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 4. FIG. The locus of the reflection factor S11 can be seen from the reflection factor diagram.

Claims (9)

  1. Antenna comprising:
    a substrate stack having a first substrate layer (216a), a second substrate layer (216b) and a third substrate layer (216c) disposed between the first and second substrate layers;
    a first planar antenna (202; 302) having a first electrically conductive layer (218a) arranged between the first substrate layer and the third substrate layer, and a first radiation element (212) on a surface of the first substrate layer opposite the first electrically conductive layer;
    a second planar antenna (204; 304) having a second electrically conductive layer (218b) arranged between the second substrate layer and the third substrate layer, and a second radiation element (214) on a surface of the second substrate layer opposite the second electrically conductive layer;
    characterized by
    a differential signal connection for providing a differential signal; and
    means for coupling (206; 306) the first planar antenna to a first component of the differential signal and for coupling the second planar antenna to a second component of the differential signal.
  2. Antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first planar antenna (202; 302) and the second planar antenna (204; 304) each comprise at least one planar radiation element (212, 214).
  3. Antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is a dipole antenna and the first planar antenna (202; 302) is a first dipole half and the second planar antenna (204; 304) is a second dipole half of the dipole antenna.
  4. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the differential signal connection comprises a first region (224; 324) for providing the first component of the differential signal and a second region (226; 326) for providing the second component of the differential signal, the means for coupling being formed to couple the first planar antenna (202; 302) to the first region and the second planar antenna (204; 304) to the second region.
  5. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the means (306) for coupling comprises a first electrically conductive connection (328a) for connecting the radiation element (212) of the first planar antenna (202) to the first region (324) of the differential signal connection and a second electrically conductive connection (328b) for connecting the radiation element (214) of the second planar antenna (204) to the second region (326) of the differential signal connection.
  6. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the means (206) for coupling comprises a first radiation coupling element (228a) electrically insulated from the radiation element (212) of the first planar antenna (204) for coupling the first planar antenna to the first region of the differential signal connection, and a second radiation coupling element (228b) electrically insulated from the radiation element (214) of the second planar antenna (206) for coupling the second planar antenna to the second region of the differential signal connection.
  7. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
    a first line (324) for routing the first component of the differential signal and a second line (326) for routing the second component of the differential signal;
    wherein the first line and the second line are arranged in the second substrate layer (216b);
    a first short-circuit plate (332) conductively connected to the first radiation element (212);
    a second short-circuit plate (334) connected to the second radiation element (214) in an electrically conductive way;
    a first feed line (328a) for connecting the first radiation element to the first line in an electrically conductive way; and
    a second feed line (328b) for connecting the second radiation element to the second line in an electrically conductive way.
  8. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the antenna may be integrated in a planar way.
  9. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the antenna comprises an omnidirectional characteristic.
EP05782909A 2004-09-21 2005-09-07 Antenna Not-in-force EP1759438B1 (en)

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WO2006032368A1 (en) 2006-03-30
DE502005002426D1 (en) 2008-02-14
BRPI0515599A (en) 2008-07-29
PT1759438E (en) 2008-04-04
CA2579113C (en) 2012-01-24
AU2005287663A1 (en) 2006-03-30
US20060109177A1 (en) 2006-05-25
US7289065B2 (en) 2007-10-30
DE102004045707A1 (en) 2006-03-30
ATE382965T1 (en) 2008-01-15
AU2005287663B2 (en) 2009-03-05
EP1759438A1 (en) 2007-03-07
CA2579113A1 (en) 2006-03-30

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