EP1576697A1 - Antenna device - Google Patents

Antenna device

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Publication number
EP1576697A1
EP1576697A1 EP04729855A EP04729855A EP1576697A1 EP 1576697 A1 EP1576697 A1 EP 1576697A1 EP 04729855 A EP04729855 A EP 04729855A EP 04729855 A EP04729855 A EP 04729855A EP 1576697 A1 EP1576697 A1 EP 1576697A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation electrode
antenna
antenna device
circuit
short
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04729855A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1576697B1 (en
Inventor
Harald Humpfer
Rainer Wansch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1576697A1 publication Critical patent/EP1576697A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1576697B1 publication Critical patent/EP1576697B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
    • H01Q19/023—Means for reducing undesirable effects for reducing the scattering of mounting structures, e.g. of the struts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna device and, in particular, to an antenna device which is suitable for long-band operation.
  • the present invention relates to an antenna for wireless data transmission, which can optionally also include voice transmission.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • separate antennas can be used for each frequency range for this purpose.
  • These separate antennas are connected to a diplexer, for example in the form of a switch (directional filter) or a multiplexer, through which the signals to be transmitted are distributed to the responsible individual antennas according to the frequency ranges used.
  • a diplexer for example in the form of a switch (directional filter) or a multiplexer
  • the disadvantage of using separate antennas for each frequency range is the size of the individual antennas, the area required for the antennas increasing with the number of antennas required.
  • the required distribution circuit in the form of a diplexer or multiplexer also takes up considerable space.
  • IFA Inverted F Antenna
  • PIFA Planar Inverted F Antenna
  • Dual-band PIFAs described in the above-mentioned book comprise, on a main surface of a substrate, various antenna fields which are realized by slots in an electrode formed on the surface, the antenna fields being fed via a common feed point and grounded via a common short-circuit point.
  • Such antennas are also described in Zi Dong Liu et al., "Dual-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 1997, pages 1451 to 1458.
  • dual-band PIFAs are described in the cited book, in which one antenna field is galvanically fed via a feed point, while a second antenna field is fed by capacitive coupling to the galvanically fed antenna field.
  • Such antenna fields with capacitive coupling are also described in Yong-Xin Guo et al., "A Quarter-Wave Ü-Shaped Patch Antenna With Two Unequal Arms for Wideband and Dual-Frequency Operation", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 8, August 2002, pages 1082 to 1087.
  • a non-planar, broadband antenna using a radiation coupling technique is described in Louis F. Fei et al., "Method Boosts Bandwidths of IFAs for 5-GHz WLAN NICs, Microwaveaves and RF", September 2002, pages 66 to 70 , described.
  • Method Boosts Bandwidths of IFAs for 5-GHz WLAN NICs, Microwaveaves and RF September 2002, pages 66 to 70 , described.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded by the radiation-coupled resonance of another IFA antenna.
  • IFA antennas usually have a higher bandwidth than PIFA antennas, whereby most integrable dual-band concepts have disadvantages due to a small bandwidth or a large space requirement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an antenna device with a simple structure and dual-band or multi-band or a high bandwidth.
  • the present invention provides an antenna device with the following features:
  • a first radiation electrode which has an open-circuit end and a short-circuit turn connected to ground and which is coupled to a feed line at a feed point:
  • a second radiation electrode which has an open-circuit end and a short-circuit end connected to ground, wherein a section of the second radiation electrode is part of a circuit
  • first radiation electrode, the feed line and the circuit are arranged such that an alternating current flowing through the feed line to the short-circuit end of the first radiation electrode for feeding the second radiation electrode induces an alternating current into the circuit via a magnetic coupling.
  • the first radiation electrode and the feed line are arranged on a first main surface of a substrate, while the second radiation electrode is arranged on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.
  • the second electrode is preferably part of a conductor loop through which an alternating current flows, which can be penetrated by a magnetic field that is generated by an alternating current flowing through the feed line to the short-circuit end of the first radiation electrode, so that the feed current for the second radiation electrode is induced in the conductor loop
  • the first radiation electrode and the feed line define an excitation loop, so that the conductor loop, to which the second radiation electrode contributes, is fed by a mutual induction of two spatially adjacent conductor loops.
  • the two radiation electrodes of the antenna device according to the invention preferably have different lengths and thus different resonance frequencies, so that the antenna device according to the invention can be used as a dual-band antenna.
  • the radiation electrodes can also have resonance frequencies such that an antenna with a higher bandwidth than an antenna with only one radiation electrode is obtained becomes.
  • the antenna device according to the invention can also have more than two radiation electrodes and can thus be used as a multi-band antenna.
  • the antenna or antenna device according to the invention can be integrated in a planar manner, which is particularly suitable for transmission frequencies in the centimeter and millimeter wave range due to the small size.
  • Preferred areas of application of the antenna according to the invention are in mobile transmitters and receivers that use two or more frequency bands or require a high bandwidth.
  • the present invention is therefore, for example, excellently suitable for the Wireiess LAN connection of mobile data processing devices, since frequency ranges from 2400 to 2483.5 MHz and 5150 to 5350 MHz are used here (Europe).
  • the frequency ranges from 5470 to 5725 MHz and the ISM band from 5725 to 5825 MHz (USA) may also be used.
  • the antenna according to the invention is also suitable for use in dual-band or multi-band mobile telephones (900 MHz / 1800 MHz, etc.). Due to the small size and the ability to be integrated on planar circuits, the antenna according to the invention is, among other things, well suited to be integrated on PCMCIA-LA adapter cards for laptops.
  • the antenna according to the invention for wireless data transmission is an integrated dual-band antenna which is provided, for example, for use in the 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz WLAN range.
  • the principle according to the invention can also be extended to more than two bands and other frequencies.
  • the antenna device according to the invention is preferably implemented as an integrated IFA antenna, in which, in contrast to conventional integrated IFAs, only a single element, namely the first radiation electrode, is galvanically fed.
  • the other element or elements (the second and further radiation electrodes) are inductively coupled. This results in a reduction in manufacturing costs and space requirements, especially if the antenna is implemented using a multilayer concept.
  • the area requirement of the entire antenna is only determined by the size of the antenna element for the lowest frequency.
  • the antenna according to the invention is also characterized by an above-average bandwidth for planer antennas.
  • the inductive coupling and the wave impedance of the antenna elements can be optimally adapted through substrate thickness, substrate material (its permittivity), the shape of the feed line and a displacement of the feed point.
  • the antenna according to the invention stands out from previously known multiband concepts in terms of optimum adaptability, minimal space requirement, high bandwidth and low manufacturing outlay.
  • the antenna can be integrated completely planar on a substrate (dual band) or on a multilayer substrate (multiband). In preferred embodiments of the present invention, only a ground is necessary by contacting on the short-circuit side of the radiation electrodes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention.
  • 2a and 2b are schematic representations to illustrate the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of an alternative exemplary embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention which is implemented on a double-sided substrate 10. At this point, it should be pointed out that the substrate is shown in a transparent manner in FIG. 1.
  • the antenna device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 basically consists of two integrated IFAs (“inverted-F antennas”), one of the antennas being formed on an upper side 10a of the substrate 10, while the other is formed on a lower side 10b.
  • a first radiation electrode 12 is formed, which has an open-ended end 12a and a short-circuited end 12b. Furthermore, a feed line 14 is provided on the main surface 10a for the galvanic feeding of the first radiation electrode 12. The feed line 14 is connected to the first radiation electrode 12 at a feed point 16.
  • FIG. 2a shows a top view of the top 10a of the relevant part of the substrate 10. The short-circuited end 12b of the first radiation electrode 12 is connected via a via 20 to a ground electrode 22 (shown hatched in FIG.
  • FIG. 2b This opposite main surface 10b (the back in FIG. 1) is shown in FIG. 2b as a “translucent image” from above, the metallizations provided on the front 10a being omitted for illustration purposes and the substrate being transparent.
  • a second radiation electrode 24 is formed on the main surface 10b, which has an open-ended end 24a and a short-circuited end 24b. The short-circuited end 24b is connected to the ground electrode 22.
  • a coupling conductor 26 is formed on the main surface 10b, which has a first end which is connected to the ground electrode 22 and which has a second end which is connected to the second radiation electrode 24 at a coupling point 28.
  • the ground electrode is provided as a backside metallization on the underside of the substrate and also serves as a ground plane for the microstrip line 14 and the antennas.
  • the galvanically fed, longer, first radiation electrode 12 is provided for the lower frequency band, while the inductively fed, shorter antenna 24 is provided for the upper frequency band.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 1 basically consists of two integrated IFAs, the first of the two antennas for the first frequency band being fed by the feed line 14 in the form of a microstrip line.
  • the second antenna for the second frequency band which has the second radiation electrode 24, is inductively excited via a current loop. More precisely, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the feed line 14 and the section of the first radiation electrode 12 which lies between the idling end 12b and the feed point 16 form an excitation current loop that creates a magnetic flux. Furthermore, the coupling line 26, the region of the second radiation electrode 24 lying between the short-circuited end 24b and the coupling point 28 and the ground electrode 22 form a circuit or a current loop. In the antenna device according to the invention, this current loop is arranged such that it is penetrated by the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current loop, so that a current is induced in this current loop. The second radiation electrode 24 is fed by this induced current.
  • the dimensions of the excited current loop formed on the rear side 10b correspond approximately to the dimensions of the excitation loop formed on the front side 10a in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the thickness of the substrate 10 can be, for example, 0.5 mm, so that the distance between the current loops on the top and bottom of the substrate is small (compared to the wavelength at the resonance frequency of the radiation electrode 24), so that good magnetic coupling can be achieved ,
  • the radiation electrode 24 is thus inductively excited by magnetic coupling, the strength of the coupling depending on the mutual inductance between the excitation conductor and the excited conductor.
  • the size and shape of the excitation current loop and the excited current loop can be adjusted to achieve a desired coupling.
  • the coupling also depends on the distance between the loops.
  • the excitation current loop and the excited current loop do not have to represent a closed current loop formed on the substrate, but can be designed as conductor regions which, together with conductors not formed on the substrate, form an AC circuit or a current loop.
  • the Excitation current loop only has to have a course in order to generate a sufficient magnetic field or a sufficient magnetic flux, so that a current sufficient as a feed current into the part of the circuit of the second antenna element that is arranged in the magnetic field or the magnetic flux, can be induced.
  • the respective current loops or circuits are suitably designed to enable an alternating current flow, so that capacitive couplings can be provided within these current loops or circuits.
  • the feed point 16 is selected in order to achieve an impedance matching between the microstrip line 14 and the radiation electrode 12.
  • the respective position for the feed point 16 must be determined when designing the antenna, whereby the antenna impedance can be reduced by moving the feed point 16 to the left, while by moving the feed point 16 to the right the same can be increased, as by an arrow 30 in Fig. 2a is displayed.
  • the antenna impedance can thus be matched to the impedance of the galvanic feed line by a corresponding choice of the feed point 16.
  • an adaptation between the antenna impedance of the second radiation electrode 24 and the coupling line 26 can be achieved by a suitable choice of the coupling point 28, as shown by an arrow 32 in FIG. 2b.
  • this adaptation it can be achieved that the induced current can be used optimally for feeding the second radiation electrode.
  • each of these lines could also be connected to the part perpendicular to the edge of the ground electrode 22 - fenden part of the respective radiation electrode, depending on how it is necessary to achieve an impedance matching.
  • the overall geometry of the antenna device according to the invention can be reduced in order, for example, to obtain a minimization of the area required by, for example, designing the radiation electrodes or at least the longer electrodes in a change-like shape.
  • the shape of the feed line 14a or the coupling line 26 and the choice of the feed point or coupling point 26 can be different in order to achieve an impedance matching for the two radiation electrodes in order to enable an optimal matching for the two individual antenna elements.
  • the bend 14a provided in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be provided in the feed line 14 and the bend 26a in the coupling line 26 in order to achieve an impedance matching.
  • FIG. 3 A schematic illustration for an exemplary embodiment of a multi-band antenna according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the multi-band antenna is implemented in a multi-layer substrate 50, which in turn is shown transparently for purposes of illustration and has a first layer 52 and a second layer 54.
  • a first antenna element is formed on the upper side of the first layer 52, which essentially corresponds to the antenna element with the first radiation electrode 12 formed on the upper side 10a of the substrate 10, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only the supply line 14 with the Part of the radiation electrode 12 extending perpendicular to the edge of the ground surface 22 is connected and thus has a corresponding section 14b.
  • the second radiation electrode 24 is formed on the underside of the first layer 52 (or on the 0 top of the second layer 54), analogously to the exemplary embodiment described above.
  • a third radiation electrode 56 is formed with an open end 56a and a short-circuited end 56b.
  • the short-circuited end is connected to the ground electrode 22 via a via 58 provided in the second layer 54.
  • a further plated-through hole 60 is provided in the second layer 54, via which a first end of a coupling line 62 is connected to the ground electrode 22.
  • a second end of the coupling line 62 is connected to the third radiation electrode 56 at a coupling point 64.
  • the third antenna element which has the radiation electrode 56 therefore has a structure which is comparable to the structure of the second antenna element which has the radiation electrode 24.
  • the third radiation electrode 56 is fed in that first a current is induced in the circuit of the second antenna element and a current is induced by this current in the circuit of the second antenna element in the circuit of the third antenna element.
  • This circuit of the third antenna element is formed by a conductor loop which has the via 60, the coupling line 62, the section of the third radiation electrode 56 arranged between the coupling point 64 and the short-circuited end 56b, the via 58 and the ground electrode 22.
  • the respective feed points or coupling points for the different antenna elements can be arranged at different positions in order to achieve an adaptation for the different elements.
  • the galvanically fed antenna element could be arranged between two inductively fed antenna elements, so that no two-fold magnetic coupling would be necessary to feed the third antenna element.
  • the first end of the coupling line 64 could be connected to the short-circuited end of the third radiation electrode 56 via a conductor track (not shown) provided on the underside of the second layer 54, around the circuit to implement the third antenna element. In such a case, only one via would be required both in the first layer 52 and in the second layer 54 of the multilayer board.
  • the plurality of antenna elements can be used to generate a dual-band or multiband antenna.
  • respective additional antenna elements can also be used to spread the bandwidth of a single frequency band, for example by selecting the resonance frequencies of two antenna elements adjacent to one another.
  • a Ro4003 substrate is a high-frequency substrate from Rogers Corporation and consists of a glass-reinforced, hardened hydrocarbon / ceramic laminate.
  • HFSS is an EM field simulation software from Ansoft Corporation for calculating S parameters and field profiles, which is based on the finite element method. 4 shows purely schematically photographs of two such prototypes, in which the respective microstrip feed line is fed by a coaxial cable. A 20 cent coin is also shown in FIG. 4 for size comparison. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the left antenna has a slightly narrower radiation electrode, while the right antenna has a wider radiation electrode.
  • FIG. 5a shows the characteristics obtained with input reflection measurements of the left antenna in FIG. 4, while FIG. 5b shows the characteristics obtained with the right antenna shown in FIG. 4.
  • a variation in the bandwidth can be achieved by varying the geometry.
  • the principle according to the invention can also be extended to more than three radiation electrodes in order to achieve a corresponding multi-band or broadband connection.
  • a multilayer substrate having more than two layers can be suitably used for this purpose.
  • the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments of antenna devices, but also includes antennas printed on one side (in which two or more radiation electrodes are provided on a surface of a substrate) or wire antenna arrangements.

Abstract

An antenna device includes a first radiation electrode having an open end and a short-circuited end connected to ground and being coupled to a feed line at a feeding point. Furthermore, the antenna device has a second radiation electrode having an open end and a short-circuited end connected to ground, wherein a portion of the second radiation electrode is part of an electric circuit. The first radiation electrode, the feed line and the electric circuit are arranged such that an alternating current through the feed line to the short-circuited end of the first radiation electrode, for feeding the second radiation electrode, induces an alternating current into the electric circuit via magnetic coupling.

Description

Antβnnβnvorrichtung Antβnnβnvorrichtung
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Antennenvorrichtung und insbesondere eine Antennenvorrichtung, die für einen ehrbandbetrieb geeignet ist. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne zur drahtlosen Datenübertragung, was gegebenenfalls auch eine Sprachübertragung einschließen kann.The present invention relates to an antenna device and, in particular, to an antenna device which is suitable for long-band operation. The present invention relates to an antenna for wireless data transmission, which can optionally also include voice transmission.
Zur drahtlosen Anbindung mobiler Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, beispielsweise in drahtlosen lokalen Netzen (WLAN; WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network) sind kompakte kleine Antennen notwendig, die häufig dual- oder ehrbandfähig sein müssen.For the wireless connection of mobile data processing devices, for example in wireless local area networks (WLAN; WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network), compact small antennas are necessary, which often have to be dual or dual-band capable.
Zu diesem Zweck können in der Praxis für jeden Frequenzbereich separate Antennen verwendet werden. Diese separaten Antennen sind mit einem Diplexer beispielsweise in der Form einer Weiche (Directional Filter) oder einem Multiplexer verbunden, durch den die zu übertragenden Signale entsprechend der verwendeten Frequenzbereiche auf die zuständigen Einzelantennen verteilt werden. Der Nachteil der Verwendung separater Antennen für jeden Frequenzbereich ist die Baugröße der einzelnen Antennen, wobei sich die benötigte Fläche für die Antennen mit der Anzahl der benötigten Antennen vergrößert. Darüber hinaus nimmt auch die benötigte Verteilungsschaltung in der Form eines Diplexers bzw. Multiple- xers beträchtlichen Platz ein.In practice, separate antennas can be used for each frequency range for this purpose. These separate antennas are connected to a diplexer, for example in the form of a switch (directional filter) or a multiplexer, through which the signals to be transmitted are distributed to the responsible individual antennas according to the frequency ranges used. The disadvantage of using separate antennas for each frequency range is the size of the individual antennas, the area required for the antennas increasing with the number of antennas required. In addition, the required distribution circuit in the form of a diplexer or multiplexer also takes up considerable space.
Ein weiterer bekannter Lösungsansatz besteht darin, sehr breitbandige oder mehrbandfähige Antennen zu verwenden. Bei Kin-Lu Wong "Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003, Seiten 26 bis 53, sind einige Dual-/ ehrbandantennen vorgestellt, speziell auch zur Verwendung in drahtlosen lokalen Netzen. Beschrieben sind in dieser Schrift u.a. integrierte IFAs (IFA = Inverted F Antenna) und PIFAs (PIFA = Planar Inverted F Antenna) .Another known solution is to use very broadband or multi-band antennas. Kin-Lu Wong "Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003, pages 26 to 53, presents some dual / dual-band antennas, especially for use in wireless local area networks. Described are integrated in this document IFAs (IFA = Inverted F Antenna) and PIFAs (PIFA = Planar Inverted F Antenna).
In dem oben genannten Buch beschriebene Dualband-PIFAs umfassen auf einer Hauptoberfläche eines Substrats verschiedene Antennenfelder, die durch Schlitze in einer auf der Oberfläche gebildeten Elektrode realisiert sind, wobei die Antennenfelder über einen gemeinsamen Speisepunkt gespeist und über einen gemeinsamen Kurzschlusspunkt geerdet sind. Derartige Antennen sind auch bei Zi Dong Liu et al., "Dual- Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Bd. 45, Nr. 10, Oktober 1997, Seiten 1451 bis 1458, beschrieben.Dual-band PIFAs described in the above-mentioned book comprise, on a main surface of a substrate, various antenna fields which are realized by slots in an electrode formed on the surface, the antenna fields being fed via a common feed point and grounded via a common short-circuit point. Such antennas are also described in Zi Dong Liu et al., "Dual-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 1997, pages 1451 to 1458.
Aus dem Buch von Kin-Lu Wong ist ferner eine integrierte Dualbandantenne in der Form einer gestockten IFA-Antenne (Seiten 226 ff. des Buchs) beschrieben. Hier werden zwei IFA-Antennen "gestapelt" und beide über eine Mikrostreifen- leitung galvanisch angeregt. Diese Antenne ist ebenfalls für drahtlose lokale Netze einsetzbar.From the book by Kin-Lu Wong, an integrated dual-band antenna in the form of a stacked IFA antenna is also described (pages 226 ff. Of the book). Here two IFA antennas are "stacked" and both galvanically excited via a microstrip line. This antenna can also be used for wireless local area networks.
Ferner sind aus dem genannten Buch Dualband-PIFAs beschrieben, bei denen ein Antennenfeld über einen Speisepunkt galvanisch gespeist wird, während ein zweites Antennenfeld durch eine kapazitive Kopplung mit dem galvanisch gespeisten Antennenfeld gespeist wird. Derartige Antennenfelder mit kapazitiver Kopplung sind auch bei Yong-Xin Guo et al-, "A Quarter-Wave Ü-Shaped Patch Antenna With Two Unequal Arms for Wideband and Dual-Frequency Operation", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Bd. 50, Nr. 8, August 2002, Seiten 1082 bis 1087, beschrieben.Furthermore, dual-band PIFAs are described in the cited book, in which one antenna field is galvanically fed via a feed point, while a second antenna field is fed by capacitive coupling to the galvanically fed antenna field. Such antenna fields with capacitive coupling are also described in Yong-Xin Guo et al., "A Quarter-Wave Ü-Shaped Patch Antenna With Two Unequal Arms for Wideband and Dual-Frequency Operation", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 8, August 2002, pages 1082 to 1087.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Implementierung einer Dualbandantenne, bei der das Antennenfeld (Antennenpatch) über einen dazwischen geschalteten LC-Resonator bzw. einen da- zwischengeschalteten Chipinduktor frequenzselektiv verlängert oder verkürzt wird, ist ebenfalls aus dem obengenannten Buch von Kin-Lu Wong bekannt und auch bei Gabriel K. H. Lui et al., "Compact Dual-Frequency PIFA Designs Using LC Resonators", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Bd. 49, Nr. 7, Juli 2001, Seiten 1016 bis 1019, beschrieben.Another possibility for implementing a dual-band antenna, in which the antenna field (antenna patch) is lengthened or shortened in a frequency-selective manner via an LC resonator or a chip inductor connected in between, is likewise known from the above-mentioned book by Kin-Lu Wong and also in Gabriel KH Lui et al., "Compact Dual-Frequency PIFA Designs Using LC Resonators", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, No. 7, July 2001, pages 1016 to 1019.
Eine nicht planare, Breitbandantenne, die eine Strahlungs- kopplungstechnik verwendet, ist bei Louis F. Fei et al., "Method Boosts Bandwidths of IFAs for 5-GHz WLAN NICs, Mic- rowaves and RF" , September 2002, Seiten 66 bis 70, beschrieben. Dort wird bei einer nicht planar integrierten IFA-Antenne durch das strahlungsgekoppelte Mitschwingen einer weiteren IFA-Antenne die Bandbreite der Antenne erweitert.A non-planar, broadband antenna using a radiation coupling technique is described in Louis F. Fei et al., "Method Boosts Bandwidths of IFAs for 5-GHz WLAN NICs, Microwaveaves and RF", September 2002, pages 66 to 70 , described. In the case of a non-planar integrated IFA antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded by the radiation-coupled resonance of another IFA antenna.
Allgemein ist festzustellen, dass IFA-Antennen gegenüber PIFA-Antennen meist eine höhere Bandbreite aufweisen, wobei die meisten integrierbaren Dualbandkonzepte Nachteile durch eine geringe Bandbreite oder durch einen hohen Platzbedarf aufweisen.In general, it should be noted that IFA antennas usually have a higher bandwidth than PIFA antennas, whereby most integrable dual-band concepts have disadvantages due to a small bandwidth or a large space requirement.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Antennenvorrichtung mit einem einfachen Aufbau und Dualban- digkeit bzw. Mehrbandigkeit oder einer hohen Bandbreite zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna device with a simple structure and dual-band or multi-band or a high bandwidth.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Antennenvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an antenna device according to claim 1.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft eine Antennenvorrichtung mit folgenden Merkmalen:The present invention provides an antenna device with the following features:
einer ersten Strahlungselektrode, die ein Leerlaufende und ein mit Masse verbundenes Kurzschlusswende aufweist und die an einem Speisepunkt mit einer Speiseleitung gekoppelt ist:a first radiation electrode which has an open-circuit end and a short-circuit turn connected to ground and which is coupled to a feed line at a feed point:
einer zweiten Strahlungselektrode, die ein Leerlaufende und ein mit Masse verbundenes Kurzschlussende aufweist, wobei ein Abschnitt der zweiten Strahlungselektrode Teil eines Stromkreises ist,a second radiation electrode which has an open-circuit end and a short-circuit end connected to ground, wherein a section of the second radiation electrode is part of a circuit,
wobei die erste Strahlungselektrode, die Speiseleitung und der Stromkreis derart angeordnet sind, dass ein durch die Speiseleitung zu dem Kurzschlussende der ersten Strahlungselektrode fließender Wechselstrom zur Speisung der zweiten Strahlungselektrode über eine magnetische Kopplung einen Wechselstrom in den Stromkreis induziert.wherein the first radiation electrode, the feed line and the circuit are arranged such that an alternating current flowing through the feed line to the short-circuit end of the first radiation electrode for feeding the second radiation electrode induces an alternating current into the circuit via a magnetic coupling.
Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung sind die erste Strahlungselektrode und die Speiseleitung auf einer ersten Hauptoberfläche eines Substrats angeordnet, während die zweite Strahlungselektrode auf einer zweiten, der ersten Oberfläche gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche des Substrats angeordnet ist. Die zweite Elektrode ist vorzugsweise Teil einer von einem Wechselstrom durchfliessbaren Leiterschleife, die von einem Magnetfeld durchsetzbar ist, das durch einen durch die Speiseleitung zu dem Kurzschlussende der ersten Strahlungselektrode fließenden Wechselstrom erzeugt wird, so dass der Speisestrom für die zweite Strahlungselektrode in die Leiterschleife induziert wird. Bei weiterhin bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung definieren die erste Strahlungselektrode und die Speiseleitung eine Erregerschleife, so dass die Leiterschleife, zu der die zweite Strahlungselektrode beiträgt, durch eine Gegeninduktion zweier räumlich benachbarter Leiterschleifen gespeist wird.In preferred exemplary embodiments of the antenna device according to the invention, the first radiation electrode and the feed line are arranged on a first main surface of a substrate, while the second radiation electrode is arranged on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface. The second electrode is preferably part of a conductor loop through which an alternating current flows, which can be penetrated by a magnetic field that is generated by an alternating current flowing through the feed line to the short-circuit end of the first radiation electrode, so that the feed current for the second radiation electrode is induced in the conductor loop , In further preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the first radiation electrode and the feed line define an excitation loop, so that the conductor loop, to which the second radiation electrode contributes, is fed by a mutual induction of two spatially adjacent conductor loops.
Die beiden Strahlungselektroden der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung besitzen vorzugsweise unterschiedliche Längen und somit unterschiedliche Resonanzfrequenzen, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Antennenvorrichtung als Dualbandantenne verwendet werden kann. Die Strahlungselektroden können jedoch auch solche Resonanzfrequenzen aufweisen, dass eine Antenne mit einer gegenüber einer Antenne mit nur einer Strahlungselektrode erhöhten Bandbreite erhalten wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenvorrichtung kann ferner mehr als zwei Strahlungselektroden aufweisen und somit als Mehrbandantenne verwendet werden.The two radiation electrodes of the antenna device according to the invention preferably have different lengths and thus different resonance frequencies, so that the antenna device according to the invention can be used as a dual-band antenna. However, the radiation electrodes can also have resonance frequencies such that an antenna with a higher bandwidth than an antenna with only one radiation electrode is obtained becomes. The antenna device according to the invention can also have more than two radiation electrodes and can thus be used as a multi-band antenna.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne bzw. Antennenvorrichtung ist planar integrierbar, was sich aufgrund der geringen Baugröße vor allem bei Übertragungsfrequenzen im Zentimeter- und Millimeter Wellenbereich anbietet. Bevorzugte Anwendungsgebiete der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne liegen in mobilen Sendern und Empfängern, die zwei oder mehr Frequenzbänder nutzen oder ein hohe Bandbreite benötigen. Daher ist die vorliegende Erfindung beispielsweise hervorragend zur Wireiess-LAN-Anbindung von mobilen Datenverarbeitungsgeräten geeignet, da hier beispielsweise Frequenzbereiche von 2400 bis 2483,5 MHz und 5150 bis 5350 MHz benutzt werden (Europa) . Außerdem werden gegebenenfalls noch die Frequenzbereiche von 5470 bis 5725 MHz und das ISM-Band von 5725 bis 5825 MHz (USA) genutzt. Darüber hinaus ist die erfindungsgemäße Antenne auch für den Einsatz in Dualband- oder Mehrband-Mobiltelefonen (900 MHz/1800 MHz, u.s.w.) geeignet. Aufgrund der geringen Baugröße und der Integrierbarkeit auf planaren Schaltungen ist die erfindungsgemäße Antenne u.a. gut dafür geeignet, auf PCMCIA- LA -Adapterkarten für Laptops integriert zu werden.The antenna or antenna device according to the invention can be integrated in a planar manner, which is particularly suitable for transmission frequencies in the centimeter and millimeter wave range due to the small size. Preferred areas of application of the antenna according to the invention are in mobile transmitters and receivers that use two or more frequency bands or require a high bandwidth. The present invention is therefore, for example, excellently suitable for the Wireiess LAN connection of mobile data processing devices, since frequency ranges from 2400 to 2483.5 MHz and 5150 to 5350 MHz are used here (Europe). The frequency ranges from 5470 to 5725 MHz and the ISM band from 5725 to 5825 MHz (USA) may also be used. In addition, the antenna according to the invention is also suitable for use in dual-band or multi-band mobile telephones (900 MHz / 1800 MHz, etc.). Due to the small size and the ability to be integrated on planar circuits, the antenna according to the invention is, among other things, well suited to be integrated on PCMCIA-LA adapter cards for laptops.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne für eine drahtlose Datenübertragung um eine integrierte Dualbandantenne, die beispielsweise für den Einsatz im WLAN-Bereich 2,45 GHz und 5,2 GHz vorgesehen ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip ist jedoch auch auf mehr als zwei Bänder und andere Frequenzen erweiterbar.In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the antenna according to the invention for wireless data transmission is an integrated dual-band antenna which is provided, for example, for use in the 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz WLAN range. However, the principle according to the invention can also be extended to more than two bands and other frequencies.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenvorrichtung wird vorzugsweise als integrierte IFA-Antenne implementiert, bei der im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen integrierten IFAs nur ein einziges Element, nämlich die erste Strahlungselektrode, galvanisch gespeist wird. Das andere Element bzw. die anderen Elemente (die zweite und weitere Strahlungselektroden) sind induktiv gekoppelt. Daraus resultiert eine Verringerung an Herstellungsaufwand und Platzbedarf, vor allem wenn die Antenne unter Verwendung eines Multilayerkonzepts implementiert wird. Der Flächenbedarf der gesamten Antenne wird lediglich durch die Größe des Antennenelements für die niedrigste Frequenz bestimmt. Wie für IFA-Antennen typisch zeichnet sich auch die erfindungsgemäße Antenne durch eine für planere Antennen überdurchschnittlich hohe Bandbreite aus.The antenna device according to the invention is preferably implemented as an integrated IFA antenna, in which, in contrast to conventional integrated IFAs, only a single element, namely the first radiation electrode, is galvanically fed. The other element or elements (the second and further radiation electrodes) are inductively coupled. This results in a reduction in manufacturing costs and space requirements, especially if the antenna is implemented using a multilayer concept. The area requirement of the entire antenna is only determined by the size of the antenna element for the lowest frequency. As is typical for IFA antennas, the antenna according to the invention is also characterized by an above-average bandwidth for planer antennas.
Die induktive Ankopplung und der Wellenwiderstand der Antennenelemente, das heißt der Strahlungselektroden, können durch Substratdicke, Substratmaterial (dessen Permitivi- tät) , die Form der Speiseleitung und eine Versetzung des Speisepunkts optimal angepasst werden.The inductive coupling and the wave impedance of the antenna elements, that is to say the radiation electrodes, can be optimally adapted through substrate thickness, substrate material (its permittivity), the shape of the feed line and a displacement of the feed point.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne hebt sich durch optimale An- passbarkeit, minimalen Flächenbedarf, hohe Bandbreite und geringen Fertigungsaufwand von bisher bekannten Multibandkonzepten ab. Die Antenne ist vollständig planar auf einem Substrat (Dualband) oder auf einem Multilayersubstrat (Mehrband) integrierbar. Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist dabei lediglich eine Masse durch Kontaktierung an der Kurzschlussseite der Strahlungselektroden notwendig.The antenna according to the invention stands out from previously known multiband concepts in terms of optimum adaptability, minimal space requirement, high bandwidth and low manufacturing outlay. The antenna can be integrated completely planar on a substrate (dual band) or on a multilayer substrate (multiband). In preferred embodiments of the present invention, only a ground is necessary by contacting on the short-circuit side of the radiation electrodes.
Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen dargelegt.Further developments of the present invention are set out in the dependent claims.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend bezugnehmend auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung; Fig. 2a und 2b schematische Darstellungen zur Veranschaulichung des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention. 2a and 2b are schematic representations to illustrate the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines alternativen Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung;3 shows a schematic illustration of an alternative exemplary embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention;
Fig. 4 schematische Darstellungen zweier realisierter erfindungsgemäßer Antennenvorrichtungen; und4 shows schematic representations of two realized antenna devices according to the invention; and
Fig. 5a und 5b gemessene Charakteristika der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Antennenvorrichtungen.5a and 5b measured characteristics of the antenna devices shown in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung gezeigt, die auf einem doppelseitigen Substrat 10 implementiert ist. An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass zu Darstellungszwecken in Fig. 1 das Substrat durchsichtig dargestellt ist. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Antennenvorrichtung besteht im Prinzip aus zwei integrierten IFAs ("Inverted-F- Antennen"), wobei eine der Antennen auf einer Oberseite 10a des Substrats 10 gebildet ist, während die andere auf einer Unterseite 10b gebildet ist.1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention which is implemented on a double-sided substrate 10. At this point, it should be pointed out that the substrate is shown in a transparent manner in FIG. 1. The antenna device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 basically consists of two integrated IFAs (“inverted-F antennas”), one of the antennas being formed on an upper side 10a of the substrate 10, while the other is formed on a lower side 10b.
Auf der der Oberseite entsprechenden Hauptoberfläche 10a des Substrats 10 ist eine erste Strahlungselektrode 12 gebildet, die ein leerlaufendes Ende 12a und ein kurzgeschlossenes Ende 12b aufweist. Ferner ist auf der Hauptoberfläche 10a eine Zuleitung 14 zum galvanischen Speisen der ersten Strahlungselektrode 12 vorgesehen. Die Zuleitung 14 ist an einem Speisepunkt 16 mit der ersten Strahlungselektrode 12 verbunden. Hinsichtlich der Struktur der auf der Hauptoberfläche 10a vorgesehenen Metallisierungen, d.h. der dort vorgesehenen Elektroden bzw. Leitungen, sei ferner auf Fig. 2a verwiesen, die eine Draufsicht auf die Oberseite 10a des relevanten Teils des Substrats 10 darstellt. Das kurzgeschlossene Ende 12b der ersten Strahlungselektrode 12 ist über eine Durchkontaktierung 20 mit einer Masseelektrode 22 (in Fig. 1 schraffiert dargestellt) verbunden, die auf der der Hauptoberfläche 10a gegenüberliegenden Hauptoberfläche 10b des Substrats 10 gebildet ist. Diese gegenüberliegende Hauptoberfläche 10b (die Rückseite in Fig. 1) ist in Fig.2b als "Durchscheinbild" von oben dargestellt, wobei die auf der Vorderseite 10a vorgesehenen Metallisierungen zu Darstellungszwecken weggelassen sind und das Substrat durchsichtig ist. Wie in Fig. 2b am besten zu sehen ist, ist auf der Hauptoberfläche 10b eine zweite Strahlungselektrode 24 gebildet, die ein leerlaufendes Ende 24a und ein kurzgeschlossenes Ende 24b aufweist. Das kurzgeschlossene Ende 24b ist mit der Masseelektrode 22 verbunden. Ferner ist auf der Hauptoberfläche 10b ein Koppelleiter 26 gebildet, der ein erstes Ende aufweist, das mit der Masseelektrode 22 verbunden ist, und der ein zweites Ende aufweist, das an einem Koppelpunkt 28 mit der zweiten Strahlungselektrode 24 verbunden ist.On the main surface 10a of the substrate 10 corresponding to the upper side, a first radiation electrode 12 is formed, which has an open-ended end 12a and a short-circuited end 12b. Furthermore, a feed line 14 is provided on the main surface 10a for the galvanic feeding of the first radiation electrode 12. The feed line 14 is connected to the first radiation electrode 12 at a feed point 16. With regard to the structure of the metallizations provided on the main surface 10a, ie the electrodes or lines provided there, reference is also made to FIG. 2a, which shows a top view of the top 10a of the relevant part of the substrate 10. The short-circuited end 12b of the first radiation electrode 12 is connected via a via 20 to a ground electrode 22 (shown hatched in FIG. 1), which is formed on the main surface 10b of the substrate 10 opposite the main surface 10a. This opposite main surface 10b (the back in FIG. 1) is shown in FIG. 2b as a “translucent image” from above, the metallizations provided on the front 10a being omitted for illustration purposes and the substrate being transparent. As best seen in FIG. 2b, a second radiation electrode 24 is formed on the main surface 10b, which has an open-ended end 24a and a short-circuited end 24b. The short-circuited end 24b is connected to the ground electrode 22. Furthermore, a coupling conductor 26 is formed on the main surface 10b, which has a first end which is connected to the ground electrode 22 and which has a second end which is connected to the second radiation electrode 24 at a coupling point 28.
Die Masseelektrode ist als Rückseitenmetallisierung auf der Unterseite des Substrats vorgesehen und dient ferner als Masseebene für die Mikrostreifenleitung 14 und die Antennen. Die galvanisch gespeiste, längere, erste Strahlungselektrode 12 ist für das untere Frequenzband vorgesehen, während die induktiv gespeiste, kürzere Antenne 24 für das obere Frequenzband vorgesehen ist.The ground electrode is provided as a backside metallization on the underside of the substrate and also serves as a ground plane for the microstrip line 14 and the antennas. The galvanically fed, longer, first radiation electrode 12 is provided for the lower frequency band, while the inductively fed, shorter antenna 24 is provided for the upper frequency band.
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Antenne besteht im Prinzip aus zwei integrierten IFAs, wobei die erste der beiden Antennen für das erste Frequenzband von der Zuleitung 14 in der Form einer Mikrostreifenleitung gespeist wird. Die zweite Antenne für das zweite Frequenzband, die die zweite Strahlungselektrode 24 aufweist, wird über eine Stromschleife induktiv angeregt. Genauer gesagt bilden bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Zuleitung 14 und der zwischen dem leerlaufenden Ende 12b und dem Speisepunkt 16 liegende Abschnitt der ersten Strahlungselektrode 12 eine Erreger- stromschleife, die einen magnetischen Fluss erzeugt. Ferner bilden die Koppelleitung 26, der zwischen dem kurzgeschlossenen Ende 24b und dem Koppelpunkt 28 liegende Bereich der zweiten Strahlungselektrode 24 und die Masseelektrode 22 einen Stromkreis bzw. eine Stromschleife. Diese Stromschleife ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung derart angeordnet, dass sie durch den von der Erregerstromschleife erzeugten magnetischen Fluss durchsetzt wird, so dass ein Strom in diese Stromschleife induziert wird. Durch diesen induzierten Strom wird die zweite Strahlungselektrode 24 gespeist.The antenna shown in FIG. 1 basically consists of two integrated IFAs, the first of the two antennas for the first frequency band being fed by the feed line 14 in the form of a microstrip line. The second antenna for the second frequency band, which has the second radiation electrode 24, is inductively excited via a current loop. More precisely, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the feed line 14 and the section of the first radiation electrode 12 which lies between the idling end 12b and the feed point 16 form an excitation current loop that creates a magnetic flux. Furthermore, the coupling line 26, the region of the second radiation electrode 24 lying between the short-circuited end 24b and the coupling point 28 and the ground electrode 22 form a circuit or a current loop. In the antenna device according to the invention, this current loop is arranged such that it is penetrated by the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current loop, so that a current is induced in this current loop. The second radiation electrode 24 is fed by this induced current.
Um eine möglichst gute magnetische Kopplung zu erreichen, entsprechen bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Abmessungen der auf der Rückseite 10b gebildeten erregten Stromschleife näherungsweise den Abmessungen der auf der Vorderseite 10a gebildeten Erregerschleife. Die Dicke des Substrats 10 kann beispielsweise 0,5 mm betragen, so dass der Abstand der Stromschleifen auf der Oberseite bzw. Unterseite des Substrats klein ist (gegenüber der Wellenlänge bei der Resonanzfrequenz der Strahlungselektrode 24), so dass eine gute magnetische Kopplung erreicht werden kann.In order to achieve the best possible magnetic coupling, the dimensions of the excited current loop formed on the rear side 10b correspond approximately to the dimensions of the excitation loop formed on the front side 10a in the exemplary embodiment shown. The thickness of the substrate 10 can be, for example, 0.5 mm, so that the distance between the current loops on the top and bottom of the substrate is small (compared to the wavelength at the resonance frequency of the radiation electrode 24), so that good magnetic coupling can be achieved ,
Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird somit die Strahlungselektrode 24 induktiv durch magnetische Koppelung angeregt, wobei die Stärke der Kopplung von der Gegeninduktivität zwischen dem Erregungsleiter und dem erregten Leiter abhängt. Die Größe und Form der Erregerstromschleife und der erregten Stromschleife können angepasst werden, um eine gewünschte Kopplung zu erreichen. Ferner hängt die Kopplung vom Abstand der Schleifen zueinander ab.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the radiation electrode 24 is thus inductively excited by magnetic coupling, the strength of the coupling depending on the mutual inductance between the excitation conductor and the excited conductor. The size and shape of the excitation current loop and the excited current loop can be adjusted to achieve a desired coupling. The coupling also depends on the distance between the loops.
An dieser Stelle sei angemerkt, dass die Erregerstromschleife und die erregte Stromschleife nicht auf dem Substrat gebildete geschlossene Stromschleife darstellen müssen, sondern als Leiterbereiche ausgebildet sein können, die zusammen mit nicht auf dem Substrat gebildeten Leitern einen Wechselstromkreis bzw. eine Stromschleife bilden. Die Erregerstromschleife hat lediglich einen Verlauf aufzuweisen, um ein ausreichendes magnetisches Feld bzw. einen ausreichenden magnetischen Fluss zu erzeugen, so dass ein als Speisestrom ausreichender Strom in den Teil des Stromkreises des zweiten Antennenelements, dass in dem magnetischen Feld bzw. dem magnetischen Fluss angeordnet ist, induziert werden kann. Darüber hinaus sei festgestellt, dass die jeweiligen Stromschleifen bzw. Stromkreise geeignet ausgestaltet sind, um einen Wechselstromfluss zu ermöglichen, so dass innerhalb dieser Stromschleifen bzw. Stromkreise kapazitive Kopplungen vorgesehen sein können.At this point, it should be noted that the excitation current loop and the excited current loop do not have to represent a closed current loop formed on the substrate, but can be designed as conductor regions which, together with conductors not formed on the substrate, form an AC circuit or a current loop. The Excitation current loop only has to have a course in order to generate a sufficient magnetic field or a sufficient magnetic flux, so that a current sufficient as a feed current into the part of the circuit of the second antenna element that is arranged in the magnetic field or the magnetic flux, can be induced. In addition, it should be noted that the respective current loops or circuits are suitably designed to enable an alternating current flow, so that capacitive couplings can be provided within these current loops or circuits.
Der Speisepunkt 16 ist gewählt, um eine Impedanzanpassung zwischen der Mikrostreifenleitung 14 und der Strahlungselektrode 12 zu erreichen. Die jeweilige Position für den Speisepunkt 16 muß beim Entwurf der Antenne festgestellt werden, wobei durch ein Verschieben des Speisepunkt 16 nach links die Antennenimpedanz verringert werden kann, während durch ein Verschieben des Speisepunkts 16 nach rechts dieselbe erhöht werden kann, wie durch einen Pfeil 30 in Fig. 2a angezeigt ist. Durch eine entsprechende Wahl des Speisepunkts 16 kann somit die Antennenimpedanz an die Impedanz der galvanischen Zuleitung angepasst werden.The feed point 16 is selected in order to achieve an impedance matching between the microstrip line 14 and the radiation electrode 12. The respective position for the feed point 16 must be determined when designing the antenna, whereby the antenna impedance can be reduced by moving the feed point 16 to the left, while by moving the feed point 16 to the right the same can be increased, as by an arrow 30 in Fig. 2a is displayed. The antenna impedance can thus be matched to the impedance of the galvanic feed line by a corresponding choice of the feed point 16.
In gleicher Weise kann eine Anpassung zwischen Antennenimpedanz der zweiten Strahlungselektrode 24 und der Koppelleitung 26 durch eine geeignete Wahl des Koppelpunkts 28 erreicht werden, wie durch einen Pfeil 32 in Fig. 2b gezeigt ist. Durch diese Anpassung kann erreicht werden, dass der induzierte Strom optimal zur Speisung der zweiten Strahlungselektrode genutzt werden kann.In the same way, an adaptation between the antenna impedance of the second radiation electrode 24 and the coupling line 26 can be achieved by a suitable choice of the coupling point 28, as shown by an arrow 32 in FIG. 2b. With this adaptation it can be achieved that the induced current can be used optimally for feeding the second radiation electrode.
Obwohl bei dem in den Figuren 2a und 2b gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel die Zuleitung 14 beziehungsweise die Koppelleitung 26 mit dem parallel zum Rand der Masseelektrode 22 verlaufenden Teil der jeweiligen Strahlungselektrode gekoppelt sind, könnte jede dieser Leitungen auch mit dem jeweils senkrecht zu dem Rand der Masseelektrode 22 verlau- fenden Teil der jeweiligen Strahlungselektrode gekoppelt sein, je nach dem, wie es erforderlich ist, um eine Impedanzanpassung zu erreichen.Although in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b the feed line 14 or the coupling line 26 are coupled to the part of the respective radiation electrode running parallel to the edge of the ground electrode 22, each of these lines could also be connected to the part perpendicular to the edge of the ground electrode 22 - fenden part of the respective radiation electrode, depending on how it is necessary to achieve an impedance matching.
Die Gesamtgeometrie der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung kann verkleinert werden, um beispielsweise eine Minimierung des Flächenbedarfs zu erhalten, indem beispielsweise die Strahlungselektroden oder zumindest die längere derselben äanderförmig ausgestaltet werden.The overall geometry of the antenna device according to the invention can be reduced in order, for example, to obtain a minimization of the area required by, for example, designing the radiation electrodes or at least the longer electrodes in a change-like shape.
Die Form der Speiseleitung 14a bzw. der Koppelleitung 26 und die Wahl des Speisepunktes bzw. Koppelpunktes 26 können zum Erreichen einer Impedanzanpassung für die beiden Strahlungselektroden unterschiedlich sein, um eine optimale Anpassung für die beiden einzelnen Antennenelemente zu ermöglichen. Beispielsweise können die bei dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehene Knick 14a in der Zuleitung 14 und der Knick 26a in der Koppelleitung 26 vorgesehen sein, um eine Impedanzanpassung zu erreichen.The shape of the feed line 14a or the coupling line 26 and the choice of the feed point or coupling point 26 can be different in order to achieve an impedance matching for the two radiation electrodes in order to enable an optimal matching for the two individual antenna elements. For example, the bend 14a provided in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be provided in the feed line 14 and the bend 26a in the coupling line 26 in order to achieve an impedance matching.
Eine schematische Darstellung für ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Mehrbandantenne ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt.A schematic illustration for an exemplary embodiment of a multi-band antenna according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
Die Mehrbandantenne ist in einem Mehrschichtsubstrat 50 implementiert, das wiederum zu Zwecken der Darstellung durchsichtig gezeigt ist und eine erste Schicht 52 und eine zweite Schicht 54 aufweist. Auf der Oberseite der ersten Schicht 52 ist ein erstes Antennenelement gebildet, das im wesentlichen dem auf der Oberseite 10a des Substrats 10 gebildeten Antennenelement mit der ersten Strahlungselektrode 12 entspricht, wobei im Unterschied zu dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich die Zuleitung 14 mit dem senkrecht zu dem Rand der Massefläche 22 verlaufenden Teil der Strahlungselektrode 12 verbunden ist und somit einen entsprechenden Abschnitt 14b aufweist. Auf der Unterseite der ersten Schicht 52 (bzw. auf der 0- berseite der zweiten Schicht 54) ist analog zu dem oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel die zweite Strahlungselektrode 24 gebildet. Auf der Unterseite der zweiten Schicht 54 ist eine dritte Strahlungselektrode 56 mit einem leerlaufenden Ende 56a und einem kurzgeschlossenen Ende 56b gebildet. Das kurzgeschlossene Ende ist über eine in der zweiten Schicht 54 vorgesehene Durchkontaktierung 58 mit der Masseelektrode 22 verbunden. Ferner ist eine weitere Durchkontaktierung 60 in der zweiten Schicht 54 vorgesehen, über die ein erstes Ende einer Koppelleitung 62 mit der Masseelektrode 22 verbunden ist. Ein zweites Ende der Koppelleitung 62 ist an einem Koppelpunkt 64 mit der dritten Strahlungselektrode 56 verbunden.The multi-band antenna is implemented in a multi-layer substrate 50, which in turn is shown transparently for purposes of illustration and has a first layer 52 and a second layer 54. A first antenna element is formed on the upper side of the first layer 52, which essentially corresponds to the antenna element with the first radiation electrode 12 formed on the upper side 10a of the substrate 10, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only the supply line 14 with the Part of the radiation electrode 12 extending perpendicular to the edge of the ground surface 22 is connected and thus has a corresponding section 14b. The second radiation electrode 24 is formed on the underside of the first layer 52 (or on the 0 top of the second layer 54), analogously to the exemplary embodiment described above. On the underside of the second layer 54, a third radiation electrode 56 is formed with an open end 56a and a short-circuited end 56b. The short-circuited end is connected to the ground electrode 22 via a via 58 provided in the second layer 54. Furthermore, a further plated-through hole 60 is provided in the second layer 54, via which a first end of a coupling line 62 is connected to the ground electrode 22. A second end of the coupling line 62 is connected to the third radiation electrode 56 at a coupling point 64.
Das dritte Antennenelement, das die Strahlungselektrode 56 aufweist, besitzt daher einen Aufbau, der vergleichbar zu dem Aufbau des zweiten Antennenelements, das die Strahlungselektrode 24 aufweist, ist.The third antenna element which has the radiation electrode 56 therefore has a structure which is comparable to the structure of the second antenna element which has the radiation electrode 24.
Bei dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die dritte Strahlungselektrode 56 gespeist, indem zunächst ein Strom in den Stromkreis des zweiten Antennenelements induziert wird, und durch diesen in den Stromkreis des zweiten Antennenelements induzierten Strom ein Strom in den Stromkreis des dritten Antennenelements induziert wird. Dieser Stromkreis des dritten Antennenelements ist durch eine Leiterschleife gebildet, die die Durchkontaktierung 60, die Koppelleitung 62, den zwischen dem Koppelpunkt 64 und dem kurzgeschlossenen Ende 56b angeordneten Abschnitt der dritten Strahlungselektrode 56, die Durchkontaktierung 58 und die Masseelektrode 22 aufweist.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the third radiation electrode 56 is fed in that first a current is induced in the circuit of the second antenna element and a current is induced by this current in the circuit of the second antenna element in the circuit of the third antenna element. This circuit of the third antenna element is formed by a conductor loop which has the via 60, the coupling line 62, the section of the third radiation electrode 56 arranged between the coupling point 64 and the short-circuited end 56b, the via 58 and the ground electrode 22.
Wie in Fig. 3 zu sehen ist, können die jeweiligen Speisepunkte bzw. Koppelpunkte für die verschiedenen Antennenelemente an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet sein, um für die verschiedenen Elemente jeweils eine Anpassung zu erreichen. Alternativ zu dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel könnte das galvanisch gespeiste Antennenelement zwischen zwei induktiv gespeisten Antennenelementen angeordnet sein, so dass zum Speisen des dritten Antennenelements keine zweimalige magnetische Kopplung notwendig wäre.As can be seen in FIG. 3, the respective feed points or coupling points for the different antenna elements can be arranged at different positions in order to achieve an adaptation for the different elements. As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the galvanically fed antenna element could be arranged between two inductively fed antenna elements, so that no two-fold magnetic coupling would be necessary to feed the third antenna element.
Statt des Vorsehens der Durchkontaktierung 60 könnte bei dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel das erste Ende der Koppelleitung 64 mit dem kurzgeschlossenen Ende der dritten Strahlungselektrode 56 über eine auf der Unterseite der zweiten Schicht 54 vorgesehene Leiterbahn (nicht gezeigt) verbunden sein, um den Stromkreis des dritten Antennenelements zu implementieren. In einem solchen Fall wäre sowohl in der ersten Schicht 52 als auch in der zweiten Schicht 54 der Multilayerplatine jeweils nur eine Durchkontaktierung erforderlich.Instead of providing the via 60, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first end of the coupling line 64 could be connected to the short-circuited end of the third radiation electrode 56 via a conductor track (not shown) provided on the underside of the second layer 54, around the circuit to implement the third antenna element. In such a case, only one via would be required both in the first layer 52 and in the second layer 54 of the multilayer board.
Erfindungsgemäß können die mehreren Antennenelemente zur Erzeugung einer Dualband- bzw. Multiband-Antenne verwendet werden. Alternativ können jeweilige zusätzliche Antennenelemente auch zur Spreizung der Bandbreite eines einzelnen Frequenzbandes verwendet werden, indem beispielsweise die Resonanzfrequenzen zweier Antennenelemente benachbart zueinander gewählt werden.According to the invention, the plurality of antenna elements can be used to generate a dual-band or multiband antenna. Alternatively, respective additional antenna elements can also be used to spread the bandwidth of a single frequency band, for example by selecting the resonance frequencies of two antenna elements adjacent to one another.
Prototypen von erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtungen wurden zunächst mit HFSS simuliert und anschließend auf einem Ro4003-Substrat, das eine effektive Permitivität εr « 3,38 aufweist, aufgebaut. Bei einem Ro4003-Substrat handelt es sich um ein Hochfrequenzsubstrat der Firma Rogers Corporation, und besteht aus einem glasverstärkten ausgehärteten Kohlenwasserstoff/Keramik-Laminat. HFSS ist eine EM- Feldsimulationssoftware der Ansoft-Corporation zur Berechnung von S-Parametern und Feldverläufen, die auf der Fini- te-Elemente-Methode basiert. Fig. 4 zeigt rein schematisch Fotographien zweier derartiger Prototypen, bei denen die jeweilige Mikrostreifenzulei- tung durch ein Koaxialkabel gespeist wird. Zum Größenvergleich ist in Fig. 4 ferner eine 20 Cent-Münze dargestellt. Wie in Fig. 4 zu erkennen ist, weist die linke Antenne eine etwas schmälere Strahlungselektrode auf, während die rechte Antenne eine breitere Strahlungselektrode besitzt.Prototypes of antenna devices according to the invention were first simulated with HFSS and then built up on a Ro4003 substrate which has an effective permittivity ε r «3.38. A Ro4003 substrate is a high-frequency substrate from Rogers Corporation and consists of a glass-reinforced, hardened hydrocarbon / ceramic laminate. HFSS is an EM field simulation software from Ansoft Corporation for calculating S parameters and field profiles, which is based on the finite element method. 4 shows purely schematically photographs of two such prototypes, in which the respective microstrip feed line is fed by a coaxial cable. A 20 cent coin is also shown in FIG. 4 for size comparison. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the left antenna has a slightly narrower radiation electrode, while the right antenna has a wider radiation electrode.
Fig. 5a zeigt die Charakteristika, die bei Eingangsreflexionsmessungen der in Fig. 4 linken Antenne erhalten wurde, währen Fig. 5b die bei der in Fig. 4 gezeigten rechten Antenne erhaltenen Charakteristika zeigt. Wie den Kurven in Fig. 5a und 5b zu entnehmen ist, kann durch Variieren der Geometrie eine Änderung der Bandbreite erreicht werden.FIG. 5a shows the characteristics obtained with input reflection measurements of the left antenna in FIG. 4, while FIG. 5b shows the characteristics obtained with the right antenna shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from the curves in FIGS. 5a and 5b, a variation in the bandwidth can be achieved by varying the geometry.
Obwohl oben nur aus zwei oder drei Strahlungselektroden bestehende Aufbauten beschrieben wurden, ist es klar, das das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip auch auf mehr als drei Strahlungselektroden erweitert werden kann, um eine entsprechende Mehrbandigkeit oder Breitbandigkeit zu erreichen. Zu diesem Zweck kann in geeigneter Weise ein Mehrschichtsubstrat mit mehr als zwei Schichten verwendet werden. Überdies ist die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsformen von Antennenvorrichtungen begrenzt, sondern um- fasst auch einseitig gedruckte Antennen (bei denen zwei o- der mehr Strahlungselektroden auf einer Oberfläche eines Substrats vorgesehen sind) oder Drahtantennenanordnungen. Although only two or three radiation electrodes have been described above, it is clear that the principle according to the invention can also be extended to more than three radiation electrodes in order to achieve a corresponding multi-band or broadband connection. A multilayer substrate having more than two layers can be suitably used for this purpose. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments of antenna devices, but also includes antennas printed on one side (in which two or more radiation electrodes are provided on a surface of a substrate) or wire antenna arrangements.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Antennenvorrichtung mit folgenden Merkmalen:1. Antenna device with the following features:
einer ersten Strahlungselektrode (12), die ein Leerlaufende (12a) und ein mit Masse (22) verbundenes Kurzschlussende (12b) aufweist und die an einen Speisepunkt (16) mit einer Speiseleitung (14) gekoppelt ist;a first radiation electrode (12) which has an open-circuit end (12a) and a short-circuit end (12b) connected to ground (22) and which is coupled to a feed point (16) with a feed line (14);
einer zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24), die ein Leerlaufende (24a) und ein mit Masse (22) verbundenes Kurzschlussende (24b) aufweist, wobei ein Abschnitt der zweiten Strahlungselektrode Teil eines Stromkreises ist,a second radiation electrode (24), which has an open-circuit end (24a) and a short-circuit end (24b) connected to ground (22), a portion of the second radiation electrode being part of a circuit,
wobei die erste Strahlungselektrode (12) , die Speiseleitung (14) und der Stromkreis derart angeordnet sind, dass ein durch die Speiseleitung (14) zu dem Kurzschlussende (12b) der ersten Strahlungselektrode (12) fließender Wechselstrom zur Speisung der zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24) über eine magnetische Kopplung einen Wechselstrom in den Stromkreis induziert.wherein the first radiation electrode (12), the feed line (14) and the circuit are arranged such that an alternating current flowing through the feed line (14) to the short-circuit end (12b) of the first radiation electrode (12) for feeding the second radiation electrode (24) induces an alternating current into the circuit via a magnetic coupling.
2. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die erste Strahlungselektrode (12) und die Speiseleitung (14) auf einer ersten Oberfläche (10a) eines Substrats (10; 52) angeordnet sind und bei der die zweite Strahlungselektrode (24) auf einer zweiten, der ersten Oberfläche (10a) gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche (10b) des Substrats (10) angeordnet ist.2. Antenna device according to claim 1, in which the first radiation electrode (12) and the feed line (14) are arranged on a first surface (10a) of a substrate (10; 52) and in which the second radiation electrode (24) on a second, the first surface (10a) opposite surface (10b) of the substrate (10) is arranged.
3. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der der Stromkreis eine von einem Wechselstrom durch- fliessbare Leiterschleife aufweist. 3. Antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the circuit has a conductor loop through which an alternating current can flow.
4. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der die erste Strahlungselektrode (12) und die Speiseleitung (14) eine Erregerschleife definieren.4. Antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the first radiation electrode (12) and the feed line (14) define an excitation loop.
5. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, bei der die Erregerschleife und die von einem Wechselstrom durch- fliessbare Leiterschleife einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, wobei ein Substrat (10; 52) zwischen denselben angeordnet ist.5. Antenna device according to claim 4, in which the excitation loop and the conductor loop through which an alternating current flows are arranged opposite one another, a substrate (10; 52) being arranged between them.
6. Antennenvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, bei der die zweite Strahlungselektrode (24) auf einer Oberfläche (10b) eines Substrats (10; 52) angeordnet ist, auf der ferner eine Massefläche (22) , mit der das Kurzschlussende (24b) der zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24) verbunden ist, angeordnet ist, wobei ferner ein Koppelpunkt (28) der zweiten Strahlungselektrode über einen Koppelleiter (26) mit der Massefläche (22) verbunden ist, so dass der zwischen dem Kurzschlussende6. Antenna device according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the second radiation electrode (24) on a surface (10b) of a substrate (10; 52) is arranged, on which further a ground surface (22) with which the short-circuit end (24b ) of the second radiation electrode (24) is arranged, wherein a coupling point (28) of the second radiation electrode is connected via a coupling conductor (26) to the ground surface (22), so that between the short circuit end
(24b) und dem Koppelpunkt (28) befindliche Teil der zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24), der Koppelleiter(24b) and the coupling point (28) located part of the second radiation electrode (24), the coupling conductor
(26) und die Massefläche (22) die von einem Wechselstrom durchfliessbare Leiterschleife definieren.(26) and the ground surface (22) define the conductor loop through which an alternating current can flow.
7. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der der Koppelpunkt (28) derart gewählt ist, dass eine Anpassung zwischen der Impedanz der zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24) und der Impedanz der Koppelleitung (26) vorliegt.7. Antenna device according to claim 6, wherein the coupling point (28) is selected such that there is an adaptation between the impedance of the second radiation electrode (24) and the impedance of the coupling line (26).
8. Antennenvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, die ferner eine dritte Strahlungselektrode (56) , die ein Leerlaufende (56a) und ein mit Masse (22) verbundenes Kurzschlussende (56b) aufweist, aufweist, wobei ein Abschnitt der dritten Strahlungselektrode (56) Teil eines Stromkreises ist, in den zur Speisung der dritten Strahlungselektrode (56) durch einen Wechselstrom, der durch die Speiseleitung (14) zu dem Kurzschlussende (12b) der ersten Strahlungselektrode (12) fließt, oder durch einen Wechselstrom, der durch den der zweiten Strahlungselektrode (24) zugeordneten Stromkreis fließt, ein Wechselstrom durch magnetische Kopplung induzierbar ist.8. Antenna device according to one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a third radiation electrode (56) having an open-circuit end (56a) and a short-circuit end (56b) connected to ground (22), a portion of the third radiation electrode (56 ) Is part of a circuit in which the third radiation electrode (56) is fed by an alternating current which flows through the feed line (14) to the short-circuit end (12b) of the first radiation electrode (12) flows, or by an alternating current flowing through the circuit associated with the second radiation electrode (24), an alternating current can be induced by magnetic coupling.
9. Antennenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, bei der die erste, zweite und dritte Strahlungselektrode (12, 24) , (56) auf unterschiedlichen Schichten (52, 54) eines9. Antenna device according to claim 8, wherein the first, second and third radiation electrodes (12, 24), (56) on different layers (52, 54) one
Mehrschichtsubstrats (50) angeordnet sind.Multilayer substrates (50) are arranged.
10. Antennenvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei der die erste, zweite und/oder dritte Strahlungselektrode (12, 24, 56) unterschiedliche Längen aufweisen, um Antennenelemente mit unterschiedlichen Resonanzfrequenzen zu definieren. 10. Antenna device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first, second and / or third radiation electrode (12, 24, 56) have different lengths in order to define antenna elements with different resonance frequencies.
EP04729855A 2003-04-28 2004-04-28 Antenna device Expired - Lifetime EP1576697B1 (en)

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ES2262118T3 (en) 2006-11-16
EP1576697B1 (en) 2006-05-31
JP2006524940A (en) 2006-11-02
KR20050103972A (en) 2005-11-01
KR100729269B1 (en) 2007-06-15
DE10319093B3 (en) 2004-11-04
HK1080221A1 (en) 2006-04-21
CA2523070C (en) 2009-12-22
ATE328372T1 (en) 2006-06-15
NO20055600L (en) 2005-11-25
US7218282B2 (en) 2007-05-15
WO2004097981A1 (en) 2004-11-11
US20060109179A1 (en) 2006-05-25
DE502004000660D1 (en) 2006-07-06
NO20055600D0 (en) 2005-11-25
AU2004234948B2 (en) 2007-02-01
HK1080221B (en) 2006-12-29
CA2523070A1 (en) 2004-11-11
AU2004234948A1 (en) 2004-11-11
JP4074881B2 (en) 2008-04-16

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