EP1574078A2

EP1574078A2 - Arrangement for two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation

Info

Publication number: EP1574078A2
Application number: EP03799495A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Tzschoppe
Original assignee: X3D Technologies GmbH
Current assignee: X3D Technologies GmbH
Priority date: 2002-12-20
Filing date: 2003-12-19
Publication date: 2005-09-14
Also published as: WO2004057878A2; WO2004057878A3; CN102143373B; AU2003300219A1; JP2006511844A; CN102143373A; US20060056791A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation, comprising a pictorial reproduction device (1) that encompasses a plurality of translucent image elements on which image information can be represented from different perspectives, a wavelength filter array (3), an illumination device that operates in at least two modes and can be triggered. Light reaches the viewer (7) from a first source of illumination (2) that is disposed behind the wavelength filter array (3) through at least one portion of the translucent filter elements and then through an associated portion of the image elements of the pictorial reproduction device (1) in a first mode of operation such that the scene or the object can be seen in a three-dimensional manner by the viewer. Light is emitted by a second source of illumination (4) and reaches the viewer (7) through the image elements of the pictorial reproduction device (1) without passing through the filter elements of the wavelength filter array (3) in a second mode of operation such that the scene or the object can be seen at least in part in a two-dimensional manner by the viewer (7). The inventive arrangement also comprises means providing uniform illumination in the second mode of operation.

Description

title

Arrangement for two- or three-dimensional representation

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an arrangement for two- or three-dimensional representation.

PRIOR ART Many autostereoscopic display methods are based on the principle of optically reproducing several different perspective views of the object or scene at the same time, however, by means of suitable measures, each eye of a viewer can only be made to see a selection of these perspective views separately. This creates a parallactic effect that allows the viewer to perceive space with a distinct depth graduation.

In the course of research in the field of autostereoscopic imaging, a large number of methods and arrangements have been developed that convey spatial impressions to one or more viewers without tools. However, these arrangements often only allow limited reproduction of ordinary text or two-dimensional graphics, as is the case, for example, with is the case with US 5,457,574 and US 5,606,455. On the other hand, it is of great advantage for the user if he can switch between a 3D display without glasses and a high-resolution 2D display that is as unimpaired as possible on the same device.

For the optical reproduction of the perspective views of an object in an autostereoscopic representation, electronically controllable color LC displays are used, among other things, which, when activated in the conventional manner, are also suitable for two-dimensional image reproduction. In many applications there is a large ß interest to be able to switch from the spatial autostereoscopic representation (which is also referred to below as a three-dimensional representation due to the strong spatial impression) to a two-dimensional representation of the same scene or the same object. This is particularly relevant for the legibility of texts, since the image quality in the two-dimensional mode is better due to the higher image resolution.

With regard to such a switch from 2D to 3D and vice versa, a number of arrangements are known. WO 01/56265 by the applicant describes a method for spatial representation in which at least one wavelength filter array provides a spatially perceptible representation. In a special embodiment of this invention, an LC display acts as a wavelength filter array with a variable transmittance. This enables switching between 2D and 3D display. The disadvantage here, however, is that the light through two LC displays, i.e. must penetrate through a large number of polarization filters, color filters, liquid crystal layers and other components such as carrier substrates, so that the brightness is reduced both in the 2D and in the 3D representation.

WO 02/35277 describes a 3D display with a substrate which contains strips of first optical properties and intermediate strips of second optical properties and a polarizer. Among other things, this enables 2D / 3D switching by rotating the polarization or adding / deleting a polarizer.

No. 6,157,424 describes a 2D / 3D display in which two LC displays are connected in series and one of them serves as a switchable barrier.

A 2D / 3D switchable display is also known from US Pat. No. 6,337,721. Several light sources, a lenticular and a functionally essential lens are provided. These components ensure different lighting modes to achieve a 2D or 3D representation.

From US 5,897,1 84 an autostereoscopic display with a reduced-thickness lighting component for transportable computer systems is known, which allows zone-by-zone switching from 3D to 2D and vice versa. The disadvantage here is that it is a two-channel 3D display for only one viewer, who must also be in a fixed viewing position. Furthermore, the image brightness in 3D mode is lower than that of comparable two-channel 3D displays (what is meant are those 3D displays that show exactly one left and exactly one right image). In addition, at not perceive strong and disruptive moiré effects correctly in the depth selected in front of the 3D display. In 2D mode, the light available for 3D mode is scattered with the aim of eliminating the 3D image separation by homogenizing the lighting. This means that only a lower image brightness is achieved in the 2D mode in the arrangements with a switchable diffuser than in 3D mode, since the scattering state of such diffusers has a transmittance less than 1. Incidentally, the device can only be produced with a high level of manufacturing complexity.

No. 5,500,765 describes how the effect of a lenticular can be eliminated by folding a complementary lens arrangement over it. This virtually turns off the 3D display. This approach initially only works with lenticular systems and also requires the production of an exactly complementary lens arrangement.

DE 100 53 868 C2 from the applicant describes an arrangement for optional 2D or 3D display. Here, two light sources are provided, with the 3D lighting always being switched off for the 2D representation or the partial 2D representation, or the light emitted by it being blocked. The disadvantage here is that the 2D illuminating light cannot be made sufficiently homogeneous with regard to the luminance. Furthermore, when a commercially available light guide is used as 2D lighting, its macroscopic structure is generally visible to the viewer (s) and generates a disturbing pattern. Visually invisible microscopic structuring is, however, complex and expensive to manufacture.

Description of the invention

Starting from this prior art, the object of the invention is to simplify the switchability of the arrangement mentioned at the outset between a 3D operation in which at least one, but preferably a plurality of viewers perceive a spatial image without aids, and a 2D operation and To improve image quality, especially in 3D mode. Furthermore, the image quality in 2D mode should essentially not be inferior to that of conventional 2D monitors, ie bright, full-resolution images should be able to be displayed for the viewer or viewers. Optionally, a higher image brightness should be achieved in 2D mode than in 3D mode. For the 2D mode, the most homogeneous illumination possible, ie a contrast of almost zero for the corresponding illumination. The arrangement should be dimensionable so that there is enough space for the component for 2D / 3D switching, In addition, it should be possible to implement it with largely commercially available assemblies.

This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 with the characterizing features of claim 1.

For the purpose of 2D representation, a second lighting source is therefore switched on in the second operating mode. Furthermore, means for uniform, i.e. As homogeneous as possible provided in the second mode.

For example, a transparent plate made of fluorescent material can be used as the second illumination source. This is laterally irradiated by, for example, vertically arranged, thin, rod-shaped fluorescent lamps and excited to fluoresce.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plan lighting source designed as a plate-shaped light guide is provided as the second lighting source, the light guide being designed with two large surfaces lying opposite one another and circumferential narrow surfaces and corresponding to the image display device facing and / or facing large surface corresponding to the radiation level or levels, and the light guide is fed by one or more laterally arranged light sources, the light being coupled into the light guide via one or more of the narrow surfaces, where it is partially reflected back and forth by total reflection on the large surfaces and partly in the large surface corresponding to the radiation level or large areas corresponding to the radiation levels are coupled out.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which enables homogeneous and bright lighting in the second operating mode, the first lighting source is also switched on in the second operating mode in addition to the second lighting source, and only the large surface facing away from the image display device is provided as the radiation level, and are intended for uniform illumination provided only those areas in the radiation plane which are substantially congruent with the areas occupied by opaque filter elements when projected along the plane normal onto the wavelength filter array. The second illumination source therefore emits light essentially at those points which correspond to the areas on the wavelength filter array occupied by opaque filter elements.

The two lighting sources are advantageously designed to be dimmable, ie their brightness can be adapted to the ambient brightness. The wavelength filter array is applied, for example, to the large area corresponding to the radiation level. Array is understood to mean all regular arrangements of filter elements, in addition to a grid-like arrangement also strip-like arrangements, the strips being able to run vertically, but also with large deviations from the vertical, provided that a three-dimensional view is still possible in the first operating mode. In addition to (in the visible range) translucent and opaque filter elements, of course, grayscale filter elements and polarization filters can of course also be used in an equivalent manner.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the large area corresponding to the radiation level is provided with a structure which interferes with total reflection in the areas provided for radiation. This structure can consist of particles, for example. The interference capacity of the particles is preferably inhomogeneous across the extent of the radiation level between two limit values, the limit values being dependent on the particle density in the coating. The interference of the particles can also be essentially constant per se in each of the coated areas.

In a further advantageous embodiment, two narrow surfaces lying opposite one another are provided for the coupling of light, and the interference capacity of the coated areas is progressively increased with increasing distances x1, x2 in strip-shaped surface sections aligned parallel to the narrow surfaces up to a common maximum.

In contrast, another embodiment provides that the interference capacity of the particles is essentially homogeneous both in each of the regions and over the extent of the radiation plane. For this purpose, two narrow surfaces lying opposite one another in the vertical direction are preferably provided for coupling in light. In selected areas of the wavelength filter array, each of which comprises one or more rows or / and columns, do not overlap one another and completely cover the wavelength filter array as a whole, the ratio of the area contents of the area areas occupied by filter elements which are transparent in predetermined wavelength areas to that of opaque areas Filter elements occupy surface areas in each case as a function of the maximum achievable luminance in those surface sections in the radiation plane of the plan illumination source that correspond to a region of the wavelength filter array selected in this way when projected along the surface normals. In this context, the filter structure (row by row and / or column by row) is adapted to the respective conditions in the light guide: with constant interference of the decoupling particles, there is usually a relatively large margin at the edge, i.e. near the narrow surfaces for coupling light, due to the second lighting source Luminance achievable that decreases towards the center. In order to compensate for this drop in luminance, the ratio of the area of the surface areas occupied by filter elements that are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges to the surface areas occupied by opaque filter elements, based on the surface areas occupied by opaque filter elements on the edge to the coupling narrow surfaces, is chosen to be smaller than, for example, in the middle of the second illumination source , In terms of function, light is increasingly coupled out of the light guide in the middle of the light guide due to the particles opposite the edge. Overall, this fact just compensates for the property of the light guide to emit a particularly large amount of light near the coupling surfaces. As a result, the second lighting source essentially acts as a homogeneous light source.

The said ratio of opaque to transparent filter elements in predetermined wavelength ranges can be, for example, 7 to 1 at the edge to the narrow surfaces that serve to couple the light. If now with the second lighting source, i.e. of the plan lighting source, approximately in the middle (i.e. between the two narrow surfaces through which light is coupled in), the luminance that can be achieved is somewhat smaller than at the edge, for example, the ratio of opaque to translucent filter elements in predetermined wavelength ranges can be approximately 1 0 to 1 choose so that due to the larger particle areas or the larger number of particles - which are arranged on the surface sections provided with opaque filter elements - more light is coupled out. Overall, a homogeneous luminance distribution is achieved in this way by means of the second illumination source. Of course, there are also other provided between the surface sections with the ratios of 7 to 1 or 10 to 1 described above, for example ratios of 8 to 1 and 9 to 1 or else non-integer ratios.

It should be noted that the perceived 3D impression is also influenced due to the wavelength filter array thus influenced; this is due in particular to the fact that the monocularly visible selection of views and in particular the relative proportion of the image information from different views is directly influenced by the above-described relationship. Furthermore, a further cover layer which essentially absorbs light can be applied to the coating which disturbs the total reflection.

The arrangements according to the invention described so far are also advantageously characterized in that the lighting device is provided with a controller for the first lighting source for generating a luminance gradient with respect to the plane of the wavelength filter array. This makes it possible to compensate for inhomogeneities in the brightness of the second illumination source, thereby compensating for shortcomings in the homogeneity of the perceived brightness of the 2D image in the second operating mode. The luminance gradient in the first illumination source can also be used for the homogenization of the luminance in 3D mode, i.e. in the first operating mode.

Instead of additionally switching on the first illumination source, homogeneous illumination can also be achieved with the second illumination source alone if a weak diffusing screen is inserted behind the image display device.

By way of example, a discharge lamp with a flat end glass parallel to the wavelength filter array is provided in the lighting device as the first lighting source on the side facing the wavelength filter array. Depending on the design of the first illumination source with a discharge lamp, the aforementioned luminance gradient can also be achieved in a switchable manner via a corresponding control. A coating with phosphor is applied to the inside of the cover glass.

The coating with phosphor is advantageously applied only in areas which, when projected along the plane normal to the wavelength filter array, are substantially congruent with the areas occupied by filter elements which are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges. This ensures that all the light emitted by the phosphor is not essentially absorbed or blocked by opaque filter elements, but rather illuminates the image display device from the rear.

It is advantageous if the wavelength filter array is applied to the outside of the cover glass.

Provision can furthermore be made for part of the light from the first illumination source to be coupled out and back into the second illumination source by means of optical elements, this part being occupied by the ratio of the filter elements which are transparent in predetermined wavelength ranges Area areas to the area areas occupied by opaque filter elements is defined in the wavelength filter array. In this context, light guides and / or reflective elements are particularly suitable for coupling and decoupling.

In addition, an optically active material, preferably a filter plate or a thin film with a prismatic microstructure, can be arranged between the first and second illumination sources, as a result of which light from the first illumination source with angles of incidence greater than the (critical) angle of the total reflection of the second illumination source in essentially does not get into the second lighting source. A filter plate with a filter array several millimeters thick for vignetting the light rays can also be used here. The order of magnitude of the thickness of the filter layer corresponds approximately to the order of magnitude of the transparent filter elements, for example it can be between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.

Another embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention provides that a plurality of individually controllable light sources which emit light in the direction of the image display device are provided as the second illumination source and which are at the same time designed as opaque filter elements in the wavelength filter array. In this connection, for example, light-emitting, essentially planar polymer layers can be provided as light sources.

The object of the invention is also achieved by an arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, with an image display device comprising a multiplicity of translucent image elements, on which image information can be represented from several perspective views of the scene or the object, with an observer in the viewing direction Arranged downstream of the image display device, which contains a multiplicity of illumination sources arranged in rows and / or columns, individually controllable and provided in predetermined wavelength ranges for light emission, with light being emitted in a first operating mode only from those illumination sources, of which light from one illumination source in each case assigned part of the picture elements of the picture reproduction device reaches the viewer so that the picture is reproduced three-dimensionally, and in a second mode of operation additionally at least one further Part of the illumination sources emits light, from which light reaches the viewer without special association through picture elements of the picture display device, so that the picture is at least partially reproduced in two dimensions. Essentially flat, light-emitting polymer layers can be provided as the illumination sources. In contrast, it is also possible to use a liquid crystal display as lighting sources.

The object of the invention is also achieved by an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 2, in which a light coupling structure which can be switched on and off is attached to at least one of the large areas as a means for uniform lighting in the second operating mode.

The light decoupling structure which can be switched on and off is preferably a switchable scattering layer which is located at a short distance from the wavelength filter array, preferably in contact with the same.

The switchable scattering layer is switched transparent in the first operating mode and scattering in the second operating mode. The switchable scattering layer is preferably switched over the entire surface in the second operating mode. This corresponds to the case where a two-dimensionally perceptible image can be displayed on the entire image surface of the image display device.

Further refinements of the invention provide that only partial areas of the switchable scattering layer are scattered in the second operating mode. The partial areas are preferably narrow and strip-shaped and can have different widths. In this case, two adjacent neighboring strip-shaped partial areas can be separated from one another by permanently transparent strip-shaped partial areas on the switchable scattering layer, so that the degree of light decoupling from the light guide is different per unit area (sufficiently large) at different locations on the light guide. Permanently transparent strip-shaped partial surfaces can in particular be permanently transparent sections of a switchable scattering layer or bare areas of the light guide that are not provided with a switchable scattering material.

The respective local degree of light decoupling is thus determined by locally varying the width and local frequency of the strip-shaped partial areas of the switchable scattering layer (“geometric adaptation of the degree of light decoupling” with the aim of luminance homogenization). This makes it possible overall to achieve more homogeneous illumination of the image display device by virtue of the second To achieve illumination source, for example if the degree of light decoupling near the light-coupling laterally arranged light sources is less than at a certain distance from it. In addition, it is possible for the switchable scattering layer to be switched with different degrees of scattering at different points in the second operating mode, so that the degree of light decoupling from the light guide is also different in size at different points on the light guide. Different control signals are applied in pairs in order to achieve differently strong scattering points at different locations in the switchable scattering layer.

This last-mentioned “electrical adaptation of the degree of light decoupling” can also be combined with the previously described geometric adaptation in order to achieve a particularly homogeneous 2D illumination.

It is also advantageous if the opaque filter elements of the wavelength filter array are diffusely scattering on the side facing the viewer, for example provided with a matt white lacquer. As a result, light which is coupled out on the side facing the filter array is diffusely scattered back, as a result of which the lighting in the second operating mode becomes more effective and brighter. Alternatively, the opaque filter elements can also be provided with a reflective, reflective layer.

The light guide in the second illumination source also preferably has flat and / or structured surface portions on its large areas. Such structuring can have a further influence on the respective local degrees of light decoupling.

The switchable scattering layer is, for example, a liquid crystal scattering layer - in particular one with a cholesteric-nematic transition - which has a transparent effect when a suitable electrical voltage is applied and is light-scattering when there is no voltage. A switchable scattering disc of the "Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Film" type from Sniaricerche (Italy) is preferably used as the switchable scattering layer.

Furthermore, in order to further improve the homogeneity and increase the brightness, it is also possible to switch on the first illumination source in addition to the second illumination source in the second operating mode. With the same brightness on the surfaces of the opaque (corresponding to the light from the second illumination source) and the translucent filter elements (corresponding to the light from the first illumination source), a (macroscopically) homogeneous 2D illumination is created for the second operating mode.

The advantages of the latter configuration are many. In particular, the light guide for the second lighting source is easy to manufacture, since there are no expensive master Positions for injection molding tools for microstructuring the light guide surface are necessary. When using liquid crystals in the switchable scattering layer, a microscopic light decoupling structure is created that cannot be resolved with the unarmed eye in 2D mode (second operating mode). The variants described above for the geometric and / or electrical homogenization of the lighting in the second operating mode allow the second lighting source to be optimized even for different types and sizes of displays. An essential advantage of the invention is that no visually disturbing or visible light decoupling structures on the light guide or moiré phenomena are recognizable in the first operating mode. Compared to the prior art, the light guide no longer has to be arranged in close contact with the filter array, which has manufacturing advantages.

The object of the invention is further achieved by an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 2, in which a switchable diffusing screen is arranged as a means for uniform illumination in the second operating mode between the light guide and the image display device, which is transparent in the first operating mode and transparent in the second Operating mode is at least partially scattered switched, so that the brightness contrast of the light penetrating through the switchable lens in the second mode is reduced. The contrast reduction serves to homogenize the lighting in the second operating mode, i.e. in the operating mode for two-dimensional display.

In the latter arrangement according to the invention, in addition to the second lighting source, the first lighting source can also be switched on in the second operating mode. In contrast to the first embodiment of the invention described above, however, the brightness of the first illumination source (which emits light through the translucent filter elements and further arrangement components towards the viewer) can be much greater than the brightness of the second illumination source (whose light in particular on the opaque one Filter elements is emitted towards the viewer). This results in an even greater brightness in the second operating mode.

The embodiment of the invention described above offers the further advantage of a particularly high image brightness in the second operating mode, since a feedback of light into the light guide is achieved. When the second and the first illumination source are switched on in the second operating mode, brightness contrasts that occur are compensated for by the use of the scattering lens. In this embodiment in particular, the light guide does not necessarily have to be microscopically structured, since its structuring in the second operating mode by the diffusion be made visually invisible. Overall, a very good homogenization and brightness of the illuminating light is achieved for the second operating mode.

Furthermore, the object of the invention is also achieved by an arrangement according to claim 38.

Since two wavelength filter arrays which can be displaced relative to one another are used, this embodiment also allows the image brightness to be varied in the first and / or second operating mode, for example if different relative positions of the filter arrays are assumed with respect to one another. In the variation in the first operating mode, it is also possible to adapt the resulting “summary” filter array for different numbers of views to be displayed.

Two filter arrays of the same type are preferably used, which are arranged without optical distance from one another in order to avoid moor effects. The filter arrays can also be designed entirely without opaque filter elements.

However, more than two wavelength filter arrays with a (total) number W can also be provided, of which at least W-1 wavelength filter arrays are displaceable.

The displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array in the line direction of the raster from image elements of the image reproduction device is preferably provided. The provided displacement path of each displaceable wavelength filter array is particularly preferably smaller than the horizontal period of the transparent filter elements located on the respective wavelength filter array, if such a period is present.

The displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array is generally ensured by an electromechanical actuator, for example a piezo setting device.

The object of the invention is further achieved by an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 2, in which an optically scattering film is provided as a means for uniform illumination in the second operating mode between the wavelength filter array and the light guide, which preferably reflects the light in white diffusely or is designed to be remitting. In its simplest form, such a film is structureless and has homogeneous optical properties such that it diffusely scatters incident light. It can therefore not only be thin, but also mechanically very flexible and is also inexpensive to manufacture. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided to remove the film between the wavelength filter and the light guide in order to switch to the first operating mode. This can be done by hand, but preferably by means of a roll-up and roll-off mechanism.

The brightness that can be achieved in the second operating mode is therefore just as great as the brightness of conventional 2D screens, and additional lighting from the first lighting source can be dispensed with in an energy-saving manner. The lighting in the second operating mode is homogeneous, there are no moire streaks.

However, it is also possible to additionally switch on the first illumination source if, for example, the film has a transmittance that is different from zero, as a result of which the image brightness can be increased.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the film is designed as an electrophoretic component. It is translucent in the first mode and optically diffuse in the second mode. Switching between the second and the first operating mode takes place by influencing the electrophoretic properties. The main advantage of this design is that there is no need to mechanically remove or insert the film.

The wavelength filter array can also be designed as an electrophoretic component. In this case, it is provided with a control for controlling the opaque filter elements. These are light-absorbing in the first operating mode and light-reflecting in the second operating mode, i.e. the light is diffusely scattered or remitting switched.

Finally, the object is also achieved by an arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, with an image display device comprising a multiplicity of translucent image elements arranged in a grid of rows and / or columns, on which image information from several perspective views of the scene or the Subject can be represented, with a planar, controllable wavelength filter array arranged downstream in the viewing direction of a viewer of the image display device, which consists of a plurality of filter elements arranged in rows and / or columns, some of which are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges, with one behind the Wavelength filter array arranged th illumination source, which is preferably a plan illumination source, the remaining part of the filter elements being controlled opaque in a first operating mode and light coming from the illumination source through at least a part of the translucent filter elements and subsequently through an assigned part of the picture elements of the image display device to the viewer that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer, the wavelength filter array being designed as an electrophoretic component and the remaining part of the filter elements being controlled translucently in a second operating mode, so that the scene or the object can be perceived two-dimensionally by the viewer.

With this arrangement, there is no need for the additional second lighting source in the second operating mode, so components such as the light guide and the lighting thereof are not required. This also improves the quality of the display in the first operating mode.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if, in each of the previously described embodiments of the arrangements according to the invention in the first operating mode in each case for the at least partial three-dimensional representation of each viewer's eye, predominantly, but not exclusively, a specific selection from the image information shown from several perspective views of the scene or the Object, which creates a spatial impression on the viewer. Examples of creating a spatial impression under this premise are e.g. described in DE 201 21 318 U and in WO 01/56265 by the applicant.

The described embodiments can all be designed such that in the image display device only one part of an image is displayed three-dimensionally, while in the remaining part another image is shown two-dimensionally, and vice versa, i.e. different sub-areas can be controlled in different operating modes.

Of course, in the second mode of operation in each case, only a two-dimensional image - and not, for example, an image composed of several views - should be displayed, which is easily made possible by suitable control of the image display device.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. It shows - usually not to scale -

1 shows a general schematic diagram for a first embodiment of arrangements according to the invention,

2 shows an exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of arrangements according to the invention (detail view),

3 shows an image combination rule for displaying image information of different (here 9) views on the image display device (detail representation),

4 shows a monocular visual example based on the relationships according to FIGS. 2 and 3, FIG. 5 shows another exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of arrangements according to the invention (detail representation),

6 shows a further image combination rule for displaying image information of different (here 8) views on the image display device (detail view), FIG. 7 shows a monocular view example based on the relationships according to FIGS. 5 and 6,

8 shows a schematic illustration of the interaction of the first and the second illumination source for the purpose of homogeneous illumination of the image display device, FIG. 9 shows another exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of arrangements according to the invention (detail illustration),

Fig. 10 another image combination rule for displaying image information of different (here 1 1) views on the image display device (detail view), Fig. 1 a monocular view example based on the relationships according to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10,

2 shows another exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of arrangements according to the invention (detail view),

3 shows another image combination specification for displaying image information of different (here 9) views on the image display device (detail representation),

4 shows a monocular visual example based on the relationships according to FIGS. 2 and 3,

5 shows a special form of the first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, in which light from the first illumination source with angles of incidence greater than the angle of total reflection of the second illumination source essentially does not reach the second illumination source,

6 shows another exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of the arrangements according to the invention (detail view), 1 7 shows another exemplary wavelength filter array for use in the first embodiment of the arrangements according to the invention (detail view),

Fig. L 8a is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of arrangements according to the invention, Fig. L 8b is a schematic diagram of the possible construction of a light coupling structure that can be switched on and off,

Fig. 8c is a schematic diagram of another possible structure of a light coupling structure that can be switched on and off,

9 shows a schematic diagram for the first operating mode of the second embodiment of arrangements according to the invention,

20 shows a schematic diagram for the second operating mode of the second embodiment of arrangements according to the invention,

20a shows another schematic diagram for the second operating mode of the second embodiment of arrangements according to the invention, FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram for a special embodiment of the light coupling structure that can be switched on and off, which ensures that the degree of light decoupling from the light guide per unit area at different locations on the light guide is different in size,

22 shows a schematic diagram for a further particular embodiment of the light coupling structure which can be switched on and off and which ensures that the degree of light coupling out of the light guide per unit area is different at different locations on the light guide,

23 shows a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of arrangements according to the invention, FIG. 24 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of arrangements according to the invention, shown here in the first operating mode,

25 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of arrangements according to the invention, shown here in the second operating mode,

26 shows an exemplary filter array for use in the third embodiment of arrangements according to the invention,

27 shows a relative position of two filter arrays to one another for use in the first operating mode in a third embodiment of arrangements according to the invention,

28 shows a special embodiment of a wavelength filter array,

29 shows a further special embodiment of a wavelength filter array, FIG. 30 shows an electrophoretic wavelength filter array,

31 shows a switchable electrophoretic wavelength filter array,

32 shows an electrophoretic, optically scattering film, and

33 shows an optically scattering film that can be rolled up and unrolled mechanically. Detailed description of the drawings

1 shows a general schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention with an image display device 1 comprising a plurality of image elements, which, in the direction of view of a viewer 7, has a wavelength filter array 3 with filter elements, some of which are translucent, the rest of which are opaque, is subordinate. In a first operating mode, light from a first illumination source 2 arranged behind the wavelength filter array 3 passes through at least part of the transparent filter elements of the wavelength filter array 3 and subsequently through an assigned part of the picture elements of the image display device 1 to the viewer 7, so that the scene or the object is perceptible three-dimensionally for the viewer 7. In a second operating mode, a second illumination source 4, which has a radiation plane essentially parallel to the wavelength filter array 3 and arranged between the wavelength filter array 3 and the image display device 1, also emits light from this radiation level through the picture elements of the image display device 1, but not through the filter elements of the wavelength filter array 3 to the viewer 7, so that the scene or the object is at least partially perceptible to the viewer 7 in two dimensions. In this case, only those areas are provided in the radiation plane of the second illumination source 4 for light radiation that are substantially congruent with the areas occupied by opaque filter elements when projected along the plane normal onto the wavelength filter array 3.

The wavelength filter array 3 can for example have a thickness of a few 10 μm to a few millimeters; it is shown in Fig.l only for the sake of clarity.

For the purpose of 2D representation, an additional light source, the second illumination source 4, is therefore switched on in the second mode of operation, which essentially emits light at the points that correspond to the areas on the wavelength filter array 3 occupied by opaque filter elements.

The arrangement is advantageously designed such that a plan lighting source designed as a plate-shaped light guide is provided as the second lighting source 4, the light guide being designed with two large surfaces lying opposite one another and circumferential narrow surfaces and corresponding to the large surface of the radiation plane facing away from the image display device 1, and the light guide one or more laterally arranged light sources 5, which can be equipped with additional reflectors 6. The light is coupled into the light guide via one or more of the narrow surfaces, where it is partially and totally reflected back and forth on the large surfaces. is inflected and partially decoupled in the large area corresponding to the radiation level.

The wavelength filter array 3 is here applied to the large area of the light guide corresponding to the radiation plane.

It is further provided that the large area corresponding to the radiation level is provided in the areas provided for radiation with a coating of particles that disturbs the total reflection. The interference of the particles is essentially homogeneous both in each of the areas and across the extent of the radiation plane. As already mentioned, the particles are preferably provided on the opaque areas of the filter array and at the same time also on the said large area.

The radiation surface is considered to be the large surface of the light guide that has direct contact with the interfering particles, since here the corresponding disturbance of the directions of light propagation in the light guide takes place for the purpose of final light decoupling (on the other large surface of the light guide).

Furthermore, two narrow surfaces of the light guide lying opposite one another in parallel are provided for coupling in the light, as is indicated in FIG. 1 by the two light sources 5.

The wavelength filter array 3 can, for example, have one of the structures as described in DE 201 21 318.4 U. Furthermore, the image combinations for the respective filter arrays, each of which is presented in said font, are preferably used.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. In this example, in selected areas of the wavelength filter array 3, which each comprise one or more lines, do not overlap one another and, in their entirety, completely cover the wavelength filter array 3, the ratio of the area contents of the area areas occupied by filter elements which are transparent in predetermined wavelength areas to those of opaque filter elements occupy surface areas depending on the maximum achievable luminance in those surface sections in the radiation plane of the plan illumination source that each correspond to a selected area of the wavelength filter array when projected along the surface normal. For better understanding, it should be noted here that the interference particles which are jointly responsible for the light decoupling are provided directly on the opaque filter elements, as indicated above. The surface areas shown in black in Fig. 2 Therefore, when illuminated, they do not necessarily appear black to the naked eye, but in the color of the interfering particles - this is preferably white.

With reference to FIG. 2, for example, in the first five lines of the filter array 3, which is not shown to scale and greatly enlarged, a ratio of 7 opaque filter elements to 1 is a transparent, i.e. translucent filter element implemented in a specific wavelength range (here: ViS range). Assuming that the narrow sides of the light guide for the light coupling are oriented horizontally and are - in the plane of the drawing - above and below the filter surface, most of the light is first coupled out of the same at the upper and lower edge of the light guide and it is there - compared with the middle of the filter surface and thus also the light guide - a relatively high luminance of the light coupled out of the light guide can be achieved.

In order to compensate for this drop in luminance from the edge to the center, the ratio of the surface areas of the surface areas occupied by filter elements that are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges to the surface areas occupied by opaque filter elements with respect to the surface areas occupied by opaque filter elements on the edge to the coupling-in narrow surfaces is chosen to be smaller than approximately in the middle of the second illumination source 4, as can also be seen in FIG. Essential in terms of function, this means that more light is coupled out of the light guide in the middle than at the edge due to the larger interference particle areas. Overall, this fact compensates for the property of the light guide to emit a particularly large amount of light near the coupling surfaces. As a result, the second lighting source acts as a homogeneous light source.

In the example according to FIG. 2, in the center of the light guide and thus of the filter array 3, the ratio of opaque to transparent elements in predetermined wavelength ranges is 10 to 1, so that due to the larger particle areas or the larger number of particles - which are arranged on the surface sections provided with opaque filter elements - more light is coupled out, so that overall an approximately homogeneous luminance distribution is achieved by means of the second illumination source. Of course, other ratios of 8 to 1 and 9 to 1 are also provided between the surface sections with the ratios of 7 to or 1 0 to 1 described above.

3 shows an example image combination for image information from several views. This takes into account the fact that the arrangement of the image information must be changed due to the structure of the wavelength filter array. Each box corresponds to nem pixel of the image display device 1; the columns R, G, B are examples of the red, green and blue subpixels of an image display device 1 designed as an LCD. The numbers in the boxes represent the view from which the image information at the respective position originates. The drawing is not to scale and is greatly enlarged.

While 8 views are used in the upper lines in FIG. 3, there are 9 views below. The bold two lines correspond to transition lines, which guarantee the transition from 8 to 9 views.

4 shows a monocular view example from a viewing position, taking into account the circumstances described in the description of FIGS. 2 and 3. Of course, this visual example shows only a section, more precisely the lines of the wavelength filter array 3 identified by 8 in FIG.

It is therefore easy to understand that the perceived 3D impression is also influenced because of the wavelength filter array 3 configured as above; This is due in particular to the fact that the monocularly visible selection of views and in particular the relative proportion of the image information from different views is directly influenced by the above-described ratio of the areas on the wavelength filter array 3.

Furthermore, for the excellent opacity of the opaque filter elements, a further cover layer, which essentially absorbs the light, is applied to the coating which disturbs the total reflection.

To illustrate a further example of the configuration due to the variation of the ratio of regions with opaque filter elements to the regions with filter elements transparent in certain wavelength ranges, reference is made below to FIGS. 5 to 8.

Fig. 5 shows - again not to scale and greatly enlarged - a further wavelength filter array structure for which the ratio of opaque to translucent filter elements - and thus also the proportion of interfering particles for coupling out light from the light guide - from the upper and lower edge to the common center increases. This also achieves the advantageous effect described above that, due to the increased coupling rate in the center of the light guide, essentially homogeneous light radiation is achieved from the latter. As for Fig. 2, the argument that the filter elements shown in black are in principle the color of the interference have particles from the side facing the light guide, preferably white. However, if they are not exposed to light from the second illumination source - here the light guide - they actually appear black or essentially do not emit any light, as shown in FIG. 5. This is important for the first operating mode, the 3D mode.

6 shows an exemplary image combination suitable for the filter array according to FIG. 5, which leads to a spatial impression in 3D mode (first operating mode). Here, too, the columns R, G, B stand for the color sub-pixel columns of the colors red, green and blue. The exemplary monocular view shown in FIG. 7 is thus possible. The observer eye at the corresponding position therefore mainly sees the view 2, but also to a lesser extent the views 1 and 3. Would the corresponding observer eye see, for example, a mixture of, for example, the views 5 and slightly 4 and 6, not shown in the drawing , this viewer perceives a spatial picture. From this, too, it can again be seen that the ratio of opaque to translucent filter elements influencing the structure of the filter array 3 (and thus the area ratio of the interfering particles to the areas which do not have them) has a direct and inseparable influence on the perceived 3D image.

In order to switch to the second operating mode, the 2D mode, for example, the second lighting source 4 is switched on in addition to the first lighting source 2. In the example chosen here, the lamps 5 are therefore switched on, the light of which is coupled into the light guide. Due to the light coupling out from the light guide, which is influenced as described above, light is now emitted essentially homogeneously from the light guide. The areas not provided with interfering particles on the corresponding large area of the second plan lighting source 4, ie the light guide, correspond to the areas on which there are translucent filter elements in certain wavelength ranges. For example, the filter elements that are essentially translucent, ie transparent, for the complete visible spectrum are shown in white in FIG. In the second operating mode, light from the first lighting source 2 continues to pass through it, so that the light from the first lighting source 2 and the light from the second lighting source 4 complement one another essentially homogeneously in this second operating mode. Here, a very low contrast is practically achieved in the illumination from the first and second illumination sources 2, 4, which is the sum total for the image display device 1. Said contrast is close to 0. This is indicated in FIG. 8 by the fact that the limits of the light originating from the two illumination sources 2, 4 are shown on the surface under consideration. The white representation of the surfaces is intended to symbolize the light radiation. 8 accordingly shows a schematic illustration of the interaction of the first and second illumination sources 2, 4 for the purpose of homogeneous illumination of the image display device 1. In other words: the first illumination source 2, in interaction with the wavelength filter array 3, corresponds to the 3D illumination of the image display device 1, while the second illumination source 4 has the function of a 2D additional illumination, as it is in addition to the 3D mode for the 2D mode. Illumination, ie the first illumination source 2, is switched on.

Of course, the image content on the image display device 1 for the second operating mode should also be two-dimensional. This 2D image content is then perceived two-dimensionally in the usual way.

The lighting device is advantageously provided with a controller for the first lighting source 2 for generating a luminance gradient with respect to the plane of the wavelength filter array 3. In this way, any inhomogeneities in the brightness of the second illumination source 4 that are still present can be compensated for, as a result of which shortcomings in the homogeneity of the perceived brightness of the 2D image in the second operating mode are compensated for. The luminance gradient in the first illumination source 2 can also be used for the homogenization of the luminance in 3D mode, i.e. in the first operating mode.

In this example, a discharge lamp with a flat end glass parallel to the wavelength filter array 3 is provided in the illumination device as the first illumination source 2 on the side facing the wavelength filter array 3. Depending on the design of the first lighting source 2 with a discharge lamp, the aforementioned luminance gradient can thus optionally be switched on by means of a corresponding control. A coating with phosphor is applied to the inside of the cover glass.

The coating with phosphor is advantageously applied only in areas which, when projected along the plane normal onto the wavelength filter array 3, are substantially congruent with the areas occupied by filter elements which are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges. This ensures that all of the light emitted by the phosphor is not essentially absorbed by opaque filter elements, but rather illuminates the image display device 1 on the back. It is advantageous if the wavelength filter array 3 is applied to the outside of the cover glass. Further exemplary configurations are given in FIGS. 9 to 1 and 1 in FIGS. 2 to 4, whereby in the figurative sense the description of FIGS. 5 to 7 is valid as it were and therefore should not be repeated here. As a special feature of the filter array mentioned above, however, it should also be noted that the width or, in the case of filter elements of the same size, the number of filter elements which are translucent in certain wavelength ranges varies from line to line. On the one hand, this affects the 3D impression and, on the other hand, the light output due to the changed structure of the wavelength filter array 3 and thus the arrangement of the interfering particles. In particular, such configurations also allow the distance between the filter array 3 and the image display device 1 to be increased, which eliminates the need to use thin light guides.

How the distance between filter array 3 and lighting device 1 can be increased in general is outlined below. The condition D = m (BE / 8A) applies to the distance D between the wavelength filter array 3 and the image display device 1 in the case of an image from eight views (eight-channel display), where B is the period of the wavelength filter array 1, E is the observer distance, A is the mean Pupil distance at viewer 7 and m is a natural number. The period B corresponds to the distance with which the sequence of translucent and opaque filter elements is repeated, or the distance between the surface centers of two translucent filter elements in a row. With the subpixel period C, which corresponds to the distance between the center points of two adjacent filter elements, the value for the period B at m = 1 can be calculated according to the equation B = 8AC / (AC). For E, in order to calculate D, an initial value is chosen which is much larger than the upper limit of the desired viewing space, so that a sufficiently large distance D is guaranteed. If one has calculated values for D in this way, and if C and A are known, then by inserting different values for m into the equation E _m = D (A-mC) / (mC) and the equation B _m = 8AC / (A-mC) each calculate observer distances E _m and associated periods B _m , which can then be implemented in such a way that they are constant along a line in the filter array 3. The natural number m must be greater than 1 and must not be an even multiple of 8 in the example. Each of these periods B _m corresponds to a viewing distance E _m that is much closer to the image display device 1 than the original distance B. The period B _m does not have to be the same for all lines, rather a filter array 3 can comprise several periods, and the viewer 7 has several viewing levels available. With a distance between the wavelength filter array 3 and the image display device 1 of D = 1, 2.33 mm - sufficient to accommodate a second illumination source 4 - and a pupil distance of 65 mm, a sub-pixel period of 0.1 mm results in a depth range between 38.8 mm and 87.8 mm 1 1 viewing levels at which a viewer 7 has an excellent can perceive three-dimensional image. The original distance E, which was calculated for m = 1, is 8 m.

In a further development of the exemplary embodiment described so far, an optically active material, preferably a filter plate, is arranged between the first illumination source 2 and the second illumination source 4, as a result of which light from the first illumination source 2 with angles of incidence greater than the angle of the total reflection of the second illumination source 4 essentially does not enter the second illumination source 4 arrives. This situation is shown schematically in Fig.l 5. In practice, the filter plate corresponds to the wavelength filter array 3, which is a few millimeters (e.g. 1 mm) thick. As a result, vignetting of the light beams is achieved in the aforementioned manner: Light from the first illumination source 2 with angles of incidence greater than the angle of total reflection of the second illumination source 4 essentially does not reach the second illumination source 4, i.e. the light guide. The order of magnitude of the thickness of the filter plate or of the wavelength filter array 3 forming it corresponds approximately to the dimension of the translucent filter elements on the filter array 3.

As shown in Fig.l 5, said vignetting prevents that from the first illumination source 2 light rays with angles of incidence greater than the critical angle of total reflection of the second illumination source 4 penetrate into it. If the critical angle of total reflection is, for example, 41 ° for the light guide used, which forms the second illumination source 4, then the light beams 11 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 5 with angles of g '> 41 "will not enter the light guide due to said vignetting On the other hand, the light rays 9, 10 drawn in by a solid line do enter the light guide. In particular, for example, the light beam 10 would strike the light guide at an angle g or on its large surface facing the image display device 1, which is less than or equal to the critical angle The total reflection (here, for example, 41 ') The advantage of preventing the penetration of light rays originating from the first illumination source 2 above the critical angle of the total reflection into the light guide lies in particular in that interference reflections are avoided and thus the contrast in the second operating mode (2D) is replaced. It is an auto contrast reduction.

Otherwise, FIGS. 6 and 7 show schematically and not to scale further conceivable designs of the filter arrays, in which in turn the influencing of the light decoupling from the light guide (since there are interfering particles on the opaque filter elements) with the influencing of the specification Light propagation directions are functionally related by the filter array structure. In the abovementioned examples according to FIGS. 1 6 and 7, the width of the waves in certain wavelengths also varies. opposite areas of translucent (here: transparent) filter elements or their number (if they are always approximately the same size) from line to line. While the resulting transparent filter areas are narrower at the top and bottom, they increase towards a common maximum. In terms of the functioning of the arrangement described here, this makes it possible, among other things, to avoid the need to create a suitable luminance gradient of the first illumination source 2, since the light rays originating from the first illumination source 2 and passing through the wavelength filter array 3 are equalized in terms of their measurable luminance on the side of the wavelength filter array 3 facing the image display device 1 is essentially guaranteed by this fact of the variation of the transparent filter sections.

When using the filter arrays 3 according to FIGS. 1 6 and 7 7, image combination structures which embody different periods of the views from line to line or from a group of lines to a next group of lines of picture elements are advantageous for the image display device 1 , For example, in a first line 8 horizontally adjacent picture elements could display picture information of views 1-8 in this order, whereupon this period from 1 to 8 always recurs (up to the edge of the screen). The next line or the next group of (for example 5) lines could represent a separate period of image information of views 1 to 9 between four periods of views 1 to 8, etc.

In addition to the wavelength filter arrays and image combinations shown here, it is also possible to use image combinations in which complete rows or columns are each controlled with image information from a single view. The corresponding rows or columns are then covered with translucent filter elements. In this way, the brightness can be increased in the first operating mode.

It is essential that, due to the filter elements on the wavelength filter array, 3 light propagation directions are always specified for the image information shown there in such a way that a spatial impression is created for the viewer.

These configurations just described offer the particular advantage that, in 2D mode, an almost homogeneous illumination of the image display device 1 is made possible, the contrast of which goes towards zero. Furthermore, according to the invention, they allow the creation of a tool-free 3D impression for several viewers in 3D mode at the same time.

Fig. 8a shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, with an image display device 1, a first illumination source 2, a wavelength filter array 3, a second illumination source 4 and a light decoupling structure 13. The second illumination source 4 is designed as a plate-shaped light guide with two mutually opposite large areas 12. The light guide is fed by a plurality of laterally arranged light sources 5. According to the invention, the light decoupling structure 13 can be attached to one of the large areas 8 or to both, here it is attached to the large area 8 facing away from the viewer.

In Fig.l 8a reflectors 6 are still drawn in, which serve the better light utilization of the light emitted by the light sources 5. The light coupling structure 1 3 that can be switched on and off is preferably a switchable scattering layer. The latter can, as shown in FIG. 1 8b, from an ITO layer 17 with a subsequent liquid crystal layer 16, a further ITO layer 1 5 and a cover layer 1 4, e.g. a PET film or a film made of optical plastic. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 1 8c, it is also possible to insert a further substrate layer 18 made of optical plastic with a higher refractive index than that of the light guide. In contrast to PET, optical plastics have no volume scatter or absorption and are free from optical birefringence. In the case described, the sandwich of components 14 to 1 8 corresponds to a completely switchable spreading disc, which e.g. can be laminated onto the light guide. A thin switchable scattering disc (preferably about 0.5 mm thick) of the "Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Film" type from Sniaricerche (Italy) can be used as the switchable scattering layer or light decoupling structure 1 3. By virtue of this approach, the arrangement according to the invention can be easily implemented using commercially available assemblies.

It is also advantageous if the opaque filter elements of the wavelength filter array 3 are diffusely scattered on the side facing the viewer, for example provided with a matt white lacquer. As a result, light which is coupled out on the side facing the filter array 3 is diffusely scattered back.

9 shows a schematic diagram for the first operating mode of the second embodiment of arrangements according to the invention. The light decoupling structure 1 3, which is designed as a switchable scattering layer, is switched transparently in the first operating mode. The light originating from the first illumination source 2 thus penetrates through at least a part of the translucent filter elements of the filter array 3 and subsequently through an assigned part of the picture elements of the image display device 1, so that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer. The generation of the spatial impression on the viewer is shown above already cited WO 01/56265 described by the applicant and therefore need no further explanation here.

In contrast, Fig. 20 shows a schematic diagram for the second operating mode. Here, the light decoupling structure 1 3, designed as a switchable scattering layer, is switched to scatter at least over part of the surface, preferably over the entire surface. The latter corresponds to the case in which a two-dimensionally perceptible image can be displayed on the entire image surface of the image display device 1. Due to the effect of the switchable scattering layer as light decoupling structure 1 3 in this operating mode, largely homogeneous illumination of the image display device 1 for the two-dimensional representation can be achieved. In contrast to FIG. 2, the light decoupling structure 1 3 designed as a switchable scattering layer can also be arranged on the large surface 1 2 facing the image display device 1 - and thus also the viewer - of the second lighting source 4 designed as light guide 1 9 or even on both large areas 1 2 of the Light guide 1 9 may be arranged. In the former case, the homogeneity of the luminance distribution in the second operating mode is extremely good and the image brightness is also better due to the feedback of light in the light guide 19.

In the second operating mode, the first illumination source 2 is preferably switched on in addition to the second illumination source 4 in order to achieve as contrastless (K = 0) illumination of the image display device 1 as possible. In principle, the light from the first illumination source 2 is supplemented with the light from the second illumination source 4 to form an illumination light that is largely homogeneous with respect to the luminance. This is shown schematically in Fig. 20a.

21 shows a schematic diagram for a special embodiment of the light coupling structure 1 3 that can be switched on and off, which ensures that the degree of light decoupling from the second lighting source 4 designed as a light guide 1 9 per sufficiently large area unit at different locations on the light guide 1 9 is different in size. "1 3b" here means a schematic representation of the light decoupling structure 1 3 designed as a switchable scattering layer, the darker areas having a stronger degree of light coupling out compared to the brighter ones. In the second operating mode, strip-shaped partial surfaces 20 of the switchable scattering layer are switched in a scattering manner, two in each case The adjacent neighboring strip-shaped sub-areas 20 are separated from one another by permanently transparent strip-shaped sub-areas 21 on the switchable scattering layer, so that the degree of light decoupling from the light guide 1 9 per unit area is different at different locations on the light guide 1 9 the width and local frequency of the strip-shaped sub-areas 20 of the switchable scattering layer determines the respective local degree of light extraction (“geometric adaptation of the degree of light extraction” with the aim of luminance homogenization). This in turn makes it possible to achieve a more homogeneous overall illumination by means of the second illumination source, for example if the degree of light decoupling near the light-coupling laterally arranged light sources 5 is less than at some distance from it.

FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram for a further special embodiment of the light coupling structure 1 3 that can be switched on and off, which also ensures that the degree of light coupling out of the light guide 1 9 per unit area is different at different locations or locations of the light guide. "1 3c" here means a schematic representation of the switchable scattering layer, the darker areas having a stronger degree of light decoupling compared to the brighter ones. Here, the switchable scattering layer is switched to different degrees of scattering at different locations in the second operating mode, so that the degree of light coupling out the light guide 1 9 at different points of the light guide 1 9 is also of different sizes, in order to achieve differently scattering locations at different locations of the switchable scattering layer, different control voltages are applied in pairs to electrically separate strip-shaped partial surfaces 20 of the scattering layer can be transmitted by means of various pairs of electrodes. Of course, a corresponding electrical control device is provided for the simultaneous application of different voltages, which is not shown in the drawing is shown. The different hatches or structures of the partial areas correspond to 20 different scattering strengths.

23 shows a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of arrangements according to the invention. Here, too, the second illumination source 4 is designed as a plate-shaped light guide 19 with two large areas 12. Between the light guide 1 9 and the image display device 1, a switchable lens 22 is arranged, which is switched transparent in the first mode and at least partially scattered in the second mode, so that the brightness contrast of the light penetrating through the switchable lens 22 in the second mode of operation is reduced becomes. The latter reduction in contrast serves to homogenize the lighting in the second operating mode, ie in the operating mode for two-dimensional display. The light guide 19 used here can be a conventional one, preferably one with a special light coupling structure. The last-mentioned light decoupling structure is formed in a modified form only on those surface sections of the light guide 19 which correspond to the opaque filter elements when projected in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces 12.

With this arrangement according to the invention, in the second operating mode, in addition to the second lighting source 4, the first lighting source 2 can be switched on in order to have more light available. Because of the scattering disc 22, this additional light from the first illumination source 2 has no influence on the homogeneity of the light used to illuminate the image display device 1.

24 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of arrangements according to the invention - shown here in the first operating mode - and FIG. 25 shows a schematic diagram of this fourth embodiment of arrangements according to the invention - shown here in the second operating mode.

It is again an arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, which, however, has two planar wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 arranged downstream of the viewer 7 and the image display device 1. Both wavelength filter arrays each consist of a multiplicity of filter elements arranged in rows and / or columns. Some of these filter elements are translucent in the predetermined wavelength ranges, the remaining part are opaque. One of the two wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 is displaceable relative to the other, both of which are preferably in close contact with one another. Between the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 and the image display device 1 there is a switchable diffusing screen 22, which is transparent in the first operating mode and is scattered at least over part of the surface in the second operating mode.

In the first operating mode shown in FIG. 24, the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 assume such a relative position to one another that the light emitted by the illumination source 2 arranged behind the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 passes through at least a part of the transparent filter elements of both wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 and below reaches the viewer through an assigned part of the picture elements of the picture display device 1, so that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer In the second mode of operation shown in FIG. 25, the switchable diffusion plate 22 is switched in a scattering manner, at least over part of the area, and the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 assume a relative position to one another that, compared to the first mode of operation, more light through the transparent filter elements of both wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 and below reaches the viewer through the scattering disc 22 which is scattered in the second operating mode and the picture elements of the image display device 1, so that the scene or the object can be perceived by the viewer in two dimensions.

The distance between the switchable lens 22 and the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24, which is referred to as "sufficient", is generally a few millimeters. By "sufficient" it is meant that the lens 22 is far enough away from the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 in order to (mostly ) to disperse the visible structure so much that it can no longer be visually resolved.

In general, more than two wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 can also be provided with a (total) number W, of which at least W-1 wavelength filter arrays are displaceable.

The displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array 23, 24 in the line direction of the grid from picture elements of the image reproduction device 1 is preferably provided.

The displacement path provided for each displaceable wavelength filter array 23, 24 is particularly preferably smaller than the horizontal period of the transparent filter elements located on the respective wavelength filter array 23, 24, insofar as such a period is present. This fact has been taken into account in Fig. 24 and Fig. 25, i.e. there the shift of the lower filter array 24 is provided by approximately three eighths of the said period.

The displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array is ensured by a mechanical actuator, for example a piezo setting device, which is not shown here in the drawing.

FIG. 26 shows a detail and not to scale of the exemplary structure of the wavelength filter arrays 23, 24 for use in the configuration according to the invention in question. Two filter arrays 23, 24 of the same structure shown are provided. As an example, the dimensions are selected as follows: each filter array 23, 24 is a total of approx. 310 mm wide and 235 mm high. Each row of a filter array 23, 24 is approximately 0.30086 mm high. A transparent and an opaque section per line is about 0.401 14 mm wide. The offset from transparent or opaque sections of a line to the transparent or opaque sections of an adjacent line is 0.066857 mm. Such a filter array is very well suited, for example, to be used in conjunction with a 1 5.1 "LCD of the LG type.

27 shows the summary effect of two identical filter arrays 23, 24 according to FIG. 26 with a possible relative position to one another for use in the first operating mode. The filter arrays 23, 24 are horizontally displaced from one another by approximately 0.30086 mm. As described above, in this mode the switchable lens is switched transparently. A suitable image combination structure is used for image display on the image display device 1, e.g. 53 from DE 20121318 U in question.

For the second operating mode e.g. the two filter arrays 23, 24 are located relative to one another without relative displacement, i.e. together they retain roughly their original appearance according to Fig. 26. The diffusing screen 22 is now switched to scatter, with which homogeneous illumination of the image display device 1 is achieved.

In the majority of the cases described above, the filter elements of the wavelength filter array 3 also have a not insignificant spatial extent in depth along the viewing direction of the viewer. Are the opaque filter elements complete - i.e. Both on the side facing the viewer 7 and on the side surfaces that are oriented along the viewing direction of the viewer 7 - coated with a diffusion of white light scattering material with the lowest possible absorption coefficient, this leads to a direct, automatic contrast reduction in the first mode. If the light falls on the diffusely scattering side surfaces at an unfavorable angle, it gets into this material layer and leads to a brightening there. Therefore, it is desirable to make the material layer as thin as possible and / or with reflective opaque edges.

This reduction in contrast can be avoided with the wavelength filter array shown in FIG. There is shown - greatly enlarged and not to scale in comparison with the other components - a wavelength filter array 25 with translucent filter elements 26 and opaque filter elements 27 on a substrate 30. The opaque filter elements 27 are coated with the diffusely scattering material on their side facing the viewer. The side surfaces are covered with reflective material, so that a light beam 28 no longer penetrate into the filter elements 27 can. The reflected light therefore leads to a higher brightness of the image in both the first and the second operating mode. The light beam 29 is totally reflected within a substrate; for this substrate of the wavelength filter array 25, an optical material with low volume absorption is preferably chosen.

Another way of reducing the contrast is shown in FIG. 29. Here, a one-piece wavelength filter array 31 is shown, in which the obliquely incident light rays 28 from the first illumination source 2 are reflected by total reflection on the side surfaces and then analogously the wavelength filter array 31 on the top, where their angle of incidence at the interface with air is smaller than the critical angle of total reflection. In this example, the use of a brightness-enhancing layer 32, for example a brightness enhancement film from 3M, is also provided to further reduce the contrast, by means of which the luminance of the first illumination source is influenced in such a way that it is significantly larger in a certain angular range in the direction of the viewer than for Side is what is symbolized in Fig. 29 by the different length of the arrows.

A further possibility of reducing the contrast is shown in FIG. 30. Here, a switchable, electrophoretic wavelength filter array 33 is shown, in which light-impermeable filter elements 34 have two operating states corresponding to the operating modes. In the first operating mode for three-dimensional perception, the filter elements appear light-absorbing when viewed from the direction of the viewer, in the second operating mode, however, they reflect light, for example, originating from the second illumination source 4, also seen from the direction of the viewer. These two modes of operation can be realized by taking advantage of the principle of electrophoresis in the construction of the filter elements 34, ie the migration of colloidal charged particles in the direct electric field, which has been known for a long time, but has hitherto only been used for printing on paper. 30, the three filter elements 34 on the left side are shown in the first operating mode, the three filter elements 34 on the right side are shown in the second operating mode. In an optically transparent liquid, a filter element 34 contains two types of particles of different polarity, for example black, positively charged particles 35, and white, then negatively charged particles 36. The particles must be selected so that, in their entirety, they have a sufficient optical density (absorption capacity ) in the case of black particles, or a high diffuse reflectance, ie degree of scatter, in the case of white particles. They must also keep their electrical charge permanently, but they do not all have to be of the same type, as is shown here for the sake of clarity. The filter elements 34 are shown in cuboid form in FIG. 30, they but can have the shape of another polygon, hemispherical or spherical shape.

If a negative voltage is applied to transparent electrodes on the side of the filter elements 34 facing away from the viewer and a positive voltage is applied to the side facing the viewer, the opaque filter elements 34 are switched for the first operating mode. If you reverse the voltage, they are switched for the second operating mode. The particles 35, 36 migrate to the electrodes in accordance with their state of charge. The switchover times between the first and second operating modes can be selected to be very short and shorter than the picture change times in modern LCD screens, which are currently around 16 ms.

Three light beams 37, 38, 39 symbolize the optical conditions. Light beam 38 passes freely through the translucent filter elements in both operating modes. Light beam 37 is absorbed in the first operating mode (3D), there is no direct reduction in contrast. In the second operating mode, however, the light beam 37 penetrates the diffusely scattering layer and is divided into numerous light beams by multiple scattering, which contribute to increasing the image brightness in the 2D mode. Different conditions also result for the light beam 39. In the second operating mode, it is absorbed, in the first operating mode it is split into several light beams at the diffusely scattering layer, which then leave the filter element 34 in different directions and contribute to increasing the brightness of the 3D image. One possibility of completely dispensing with the second illumination source 4 is shown in FIG. 31. In this exemplary embodiment, a completely switchable wavelength filter array 40 is provided, which is applied here on a transparent filter substrate 41. The wavelength filter array 40 also functions using electrophoresis. Inside there are black particles 35 in a transparent liquid layer, which are negatively charged in the example, but can equally well be positively charged. In the first operating mode shown, the particles 35 are fixed in the vicinity of a positive electrode 42, which is located here on the side facing the viewer, but can also be on the other side. The negative electrode is not shown. On the right and left, the filter array 40 protrudes somewhat beyond the remaining components. These sections contain the so-called collection areas, in which the black particles collect in the second mode of operation, the 2D mode, because in this mode of operation the filter array is perfect transparent.

In order to switch the wavelength filter array from the first to the second operating mode, those electrodes 42 which are closest to the center can first be switched off become. At the same time, the voltage in the electrodes 42 which are adjacent to the outside is increased by the amount which corresponds approximately to the voltage at the electrode 42 which is now switched off in the switched-on state, that is to say at least approximately the number of charges of the electrode which was originally switched off 42 fixed loads. The black particles 35 then migrate to this electrode 42, at which the voltage has been increased. This process then continues until all particles are at the electrodes 42 closest to the collection areas. Only then is a positive voltage applied to the collecting areas, at the same time the voltage at the electrodes 42, where the black particles 35 are now located, is set to zero, so that all of the particles 35 migrate into the collecting areas, where they are electrostatically fixed. Switching from the second to the first operating mode is carried out analogously. It may be necessary to use alternating fields in order to change the polarity of the electrodes for a short time.

Since there is no need for the second illumination source 4 or the light guide arranged upstream of a wavelength filter array as seen by the viewer, there is no reduction in contrast, and the image quality is high in both operating modes.

Instead of taking advantage of the electrophoretic migration of charged particles, another effect that leads to so-called suspended particle devices can also be used for such a wavelength filter array. Here light-absorbing, colloidal particles with dipole moment induced in the electric field are used. When the field is switched off, the dipole moments of these particles are all randomly oriented and an accumulation of such particles is opaque. When an alternating electric field is applied, the dipole moments align and the particle accumulation becomes transparent. In this way, the above-mentioned collection containers can be dispensed with.

The principle of electrophoresis can also be used to reduce the contrast increase due to the switched on 3D lighting in the case of 2D display. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 32. Provided between the wavelength filter array 3 and the second illumination source 4 is an optically scattering film 43, designed as an electrophoretic component, preferably reflecting or remitting the light in a white diffuse manner, the scattering effect of which is based on the accumulation of white particles 36, which in the second mode of operation covers as much as possible the film is distributed and, on the one hand, scatter light emanating from the second illumination source 4 in a diffusely reflective manner and, on the other hand, scatter light diffusely from the first illumination source 2. In order to switch to the first operating mode, the procedure is equivalent to that described above in the description of FIG. 31. In a simplified embodiment, the film can also be introduced mechanically, ie by hand or by motor, into the device in order to switch to the second operating mode or removed from it in order to switch to the first operating mode. Such an example is shown in FIG. 33. To the right and left of the arrangement there is a roll-up and roll-off mechanism 45, which can be operated either by hand or by motor, and control by means of a program is also possible. An optically scattering film 44 can then be rolled up in 3D mode, for example in the form of a roll at the top or on the side of the screen, from where it is in 2D mode through a narrow, light and dustproof gap along lateral guides between the wavelength filter array 3 and the second lighting source 4 is unrolled.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if, in each of the previously described embodiments of the arrangements according to the invention in the first mode of operation for the at least partial three-dimensional representation of each viewer's eye, predominantly, but not exclusively, a specific selection from the displayed image information is seen from several perspective views of the scene or the object , which creates a spatial impression on the viewer. Examples of creating a spatial impression under this premise are e.g. described in the already cited DE 201 21 31 8 U and in WO 01/56265 and WO 03/0241 22 by the applicant.

Of course, only a two-dimensional image - and not an image composed of several views - should be displayed in the second operating mode, which is easily made possible by suitable control of the image display device.

In an equivalent modification of the teaching described here, an existing filter array can sometimes be replaced by a barrier screen, a lens screen or other optical components, also using holographic-optical elements.

It is expressly pointed out that a person skilled in the art can also combine the features disclosed in this application with one another in further variations which are not explicitly presented here. Such variations are included in the scope of this application.

Claims

claims

1 . Arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, with an image display device (1) comprising a multiplicity of translucent image elements arranged in a grid of rows and / or columns, on which image information can be represented from several perspective views of the scene or the object , - With a plane wavelength filter array (3) arranged downstream in the viewing direction of a viewer (7) of the image display device (1), which consists of a multiplicity of filter elements arranged in rows and / or columns, some of which are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges, and the remaining part is opaque, - with a controllable lighting device comprising at least two operating modes, in a first operating mode from a first lighting source (2) arranged behind the wavelength filter array (3) light through at least a part of the transparent filter elements and na subsequently reaches the viewer (7) through an assigned part of the picture elements of the picture display device, so that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer (7), characterized in that in a second operating mode from a second lighting source (4), which has at least one radiation level arranged between the wavelength filter array (3) and the image display device (1) and essentially parallel to the wavelength filter array (3), light emanating from this radiation level or these radiation levels through the picture elements of the image display device (1), but not through the Filter elements of the wavelength filter array (3) pass through to the viewer (7) so that the scene or the object can be perceived at least partially in two dimensions by the viewer (7), means for uniform illumination being provided in the second operating mode.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in - as a second lighting source (4) as a plate-shaped light guide (1 9) plan lighting source is provided, the light guide (1 9) with two opposite large surfaces (1 2) and circumferential narrow surfaces and that of the image display device device (1) facing or facing large area (1 2) corresponds to the radiation level or both large areas (1 2) correspond to the radiation levels, and the light guide (1 9) is fed by one or more laterally arranged light sources (5), - which Light is coupled into the light guide (1 9) via one or more of the narrow surfaces, is reflected back and forth there partly by total reflection on the large surfaces (1 2) and partly in the large surface (1 2) corresponding to the radiation level or in the radiation planes corresponding large areas (1 2) is coupled out.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the second mode of operation in addition to the second illumination source (4) and the first illumination source (2) is switched on, only the large surface facing away from the image display device (1 2) is provided as the radiation plane, and for uniform illumination, only those areas are provided in the radiation plane for light radiation which, when projected along the plane normal onto the wavelength filter array (3), are essentially congruent with the areas occupied by opaque filter elements.

4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the wavelength filter array (3) on the corresponding to the radiation plane large area (1 2) is applied.

5. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the large area corresponding to the radiation level (1 2) in the areas provided for radiation is provided with a structure which interferes with total reflection, preferably made of particles.

6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the interference of the particles over the extent of the radiation level between two limit values is inhomogeneous, the limit values being dependent on the particle density in the coating.

7. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the interference capacity of the particles in each of the coated areas is essentially constant.

8. Arrangement according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that two parallel opposing narrow surfaces are provided for light coupling, and the interference of the coated areas with increasing distances x _{] f} x ₂ in parallel lel aligned to the narrow surfaces, strip-shaped surface sections progressively to a common maximum is increasingly formed.

9. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the interference of the particles both in each of the areas and over the extent of

Radiation level is essentially homogeneous.

10. The arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that two narrow surfaces opposite each other in the vertical direction are provided for light coupling, and in selected areas of the wavelength filter array (3), each comprising one or more rows and / or columns, do not overlap and in In their entirety, completely cover the wavelength filter array (3), the ratio of the area contents of the area areas occupied by filter elements that are translucent in predetermined wavelength areas to the area areas occupied by opaque filter elements is predetermined in each case as a function of the maximum achievable luminance in those area sections in the radiation level of the plan illumination source which correspond to a region of the wavelength filter array selected in this way when projected along the surface normal.

1 1. Arrangement according to one of Claims 5 to 10, characterized in that a further cover layer which essentially absorbs the light is applied to the coating which disturbs the total reflection.

1 2. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting device is provided with a controller for the first lighting source (2) for generating a luminance gradient with respect to the plane of the wavelength filter array (3).

1 3. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the lighting device as the first lighting source (2), a discharge lamp with a flat, to the wavelength filter array (3) parallel lens on the side facing the wavelength filter array (3) is provided, and on a coating with phosphor is applied to the inside of the cover glass.

14. Arrangement according to claim 1 3, characterized in that the coating with phosphor only in areas that when projected along the plane normal to the wavelength filter array (3) substantially congruent with those of in ben the wavelength ranges are translucent filter elements occupied areas is applied.

1 5. Arrangement according to claim 1 3 or 1 4, characterized in that the wavelength filter array (3) is applied to the outside of the cover glass.

16. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of optical elements in the second mode of operation, a part of the light of the first illumination source (2) is coupled out and in the second illumination source (4) is coupled in again, this part by the The ratio of the surface areas occupied by light-transmitting filter elements in predetermined wavelength ranges to the surface areas occupied by light-impermeable filter elements is defined in the wavelength filter array.

1 7. Arrangement according to claim 1 6, characterized in that light guides and / or reflective elements are provided for coupling and uncoupling.

1 8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the first and second lighting source (2, 4) an optically active material, preferably a filter plate or a thin film with a prismatic microstructure, is arranged, whereby light of the first illumination source (2) with angles of incidence greater than the angle of total reflection of the second illumination source (4) essentially does not reach the second illumination source (4).

1 9. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of individually controllable, in the direction of the image display device light emitting light sources are provided as the second illumination source (4), which are also formed as opaque filter elements in the wavelength filter array (3).

20. The arrangement according to claim 1 9, characterized in that light-emitting, substantially planar polymer layers are provided as light sources.

21st Arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, with an image display device (1) comprising a plurality of translucent image elements, on which image information can be displayed from several perspective views of the scene or the object, with a view of the viewer of the image display device (1 ) subordinate array, which contains a large number of rows and / or columns arranged, individually controllable and provided in predetermined wavelength ranges for light emission, in which, in a first operating mode, light is emitted only from those illumination sources from which light reaches the viewer through a part of the picture elements of the image display device (1) respectively assigned to an illumination source, so that the image is reproduced three-dimensionally, and in a second operating mode light is additionally emitted from at least a further part of the illumination sources, from which light reaches the viewer without special assignment through image elements of the image reproduction device (1), so that the image is at least partially two-dimensional is played.

22. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that substantially flat, light-emitting polymer layers are provided as the illumination sources.

23. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that a liquid crystal display is provided as the illumination sources.

24. The arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that as a means for uniform illumination in the second operating mode on at least one of the large areas (1 2) a light coupling structure (1 3) can be switched on and off.

25. The arrangement according to claim 24, characterized in that the light coupling structure (1 3) which can be switched on and off is a switchable scattering layer.

26. The arrangement according to claim 25, characterized in that the switchable scattering layer is transparent in the first operating mode and is scattering in the second operating mode.

27. The arrangement according to claim 26, characterized in that in the second operating mode, only partial areas (20) of the switchable scattering layer are switched to scatter.

28. The arrangement according to claim 27, characterized in that the partial surfaces (20) are strip-shaped.

29. The arrangement according to claim 28, characterized in that the strip-shaped partial surfaces (20) have different widths.

30. The arrangement according to claim 29, characterized in that two adjacent neighboring scattered partial areas (20) by permanently transparent stripes fen-shaped sub-areas (21) are separated from each other, so that the degree of light decoupling from the light guide (1 9) per unit area is different at different locations on the light guide (1 9).

31 Arrangement according to one of Claims 24 to 30, characterized in that the switchable scattering layer in the second operating mode is switched to have different degrees of scattering at different points, so that the degree of light decoupling is reduced. the light guide (1 9) is different in size at different points on the light guide (1 9).

32. Arrangement according to claim 31, characterized in that different control signals are applied in pairs at different locations of the switchable scattering layer in order to achieve scattering points.

33. Arrangement according to one of claims 24 to 32, characterized in that the opaque filter elements of the wavelength filter array (3) on the side facing the viewer are diffusely scattering.

34. Arrangement according to one of claims 24 to 33, characterized in that the light guide (1 9) has flat and / or structured surfaces on the large areas (1 2).

35. Arrangement according to one of claims 24 to 34, characterized in that the switchable scattering layer is a liquid crystal scattering layer - for example, one with a cholesteric-nematic transition - which is transparent with a suitable applied electrical voltage and light-scattering when there is no voltage.

36. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that a switchable lens (22) is arranged as means for uniform illumination in the second operating mode between the light guide (1 9) and the image display device (1), which is transparent and in in the first operating mode the second mode of operation is switched to scatter at least over part of the surface, so that the brightness contrast of the light penetrating through the switchable lens (22) in the second mode of operation is reduced.

37. Arrangement according to one of claims 24 to 36, characterized in that in the second operating mode in addition to the second lighting source (4> also the first lighting source (2) is switched on.

38. Arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, with an image display device (1) made of a plurality of translucent image elements arranged in a grid of rows and / or columns, on which image information from several perspective views of the scene or the object can be represented with at least two planar wavelength filter arrays (23, 24) arranged downstream of the image display device (1) in the direction of view of a viewer (7), each of which consists of a plurality of filter elements arranged in rows and / or columns, some of which are in predetermined ones Wavelength ranges is translucent, and the remaining part is opaque, one of the wavelength filter arrays (23 or 24) being displaceable relative to the other (24 or 23) and both preferably being in close contact with one another, with one behind the wavelength filter arrays (23 , 24) located lighting source le (2), which is preferably a plan lighting source, - with a switchable lens (22) arranged between the image display device (1) and the wavelength filter arrays (23, 24) at a sufficient distance from the latter, which is transparent in the first mode and transparent in the second is operating at least switched part of the surface scattering and taking in a first mode, the wavelength filter array (23, 24) such a relative position to each other, that the from the behind the ^{Wellenlängenfil-:} a radiated terarrays (23, 24) arranged illumination source (2) of light by at least Part of the translucent filter elements of both wavelength filter arrays (23, 24) and subsequently through an assigned part of the picture elements of the image display device (1) passes through to the viewer (7), so that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer (7), and the switchable in a second operating mode Scattering disc (22) is switched at least partially scattering and the wavelength filter arrays (23, 24) take such a position relative to one another that more light through the translucent filter elements of both wavelength filter arrays (23, 24) and subsequently through the scattering in the second operating mode compared to the first operating mode switched diffuser (22) and the picture elements of the image reproduction device (1) pass through to the viewer (7) so that the scene or the object can be perceived by the viewer (7) in two dimensions.

39. Arrangement according to claim 38, characterized in that more than two wavelength filter arrays are provided with a number W, of which at least Wl wavelength filter arrays are displaceable.

40. Arrangement according to one of claims 38 or 39, characterized in that the displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array (23, 24) is provided in the line direction of the grid from picture elements of the image reproduction device.

41. Arrangement according to claim 40, characterized in that the intended displacement of each displaceable wavelength filter array (23, 24) is smaller than the horizontal period of the transparent filter elements located on the respective wavelength filter array (23, 24), if such a period is present.

42. Arrangement according to one of claims 38 to 41, characterized in that an electromechanical actuator, for example a piezo actuator, is provided for displacing each displaceable wavelength filter array (23, 24).

43. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that an optically scattering film (44) is provided as a means for uniform illumination in the second operating mode between the wavelength filter array (3) and the light guide (1 9).

44. Arrangement according to claim 43, characterized in that for switching to the first operating mode, the film (44) between the wavelength filter (3) and light guide (1 9) is removed, preferably by a roll-up and roll-off mechanism (45).

45. Arrangement according to claim 43, characterized in that the film is designed as an electrophoretic component (43) which is optically scattering in the second operating mode and translucent in the first operating mode, the changeover between the second and first operating modes being influenced by the electrophoretic properties.

46. Arrangement according to one of claims 24 to 37 or 43 to 45, characterized in that the wavelength filter array (3) is designed as an electrophoretic component and is provided with a control, the opaque filter elements being seen from the direction of the viewer (7) are light-absorbing in the first operating mode and light-reflecting in the second operating mode.

47. Arrangement for displaying images of a scene or an object, - with an image display device (1) made up of a plurality of translucent image elements arranged in a grid of rows and / or columns, on which image information can be displayed from several perspective views of the scene or the object are, with a planar, controllable wavelength filter array (3) arranged downstream of the image display device (1) in the direction of view of a viewer, which consists of a plurality of filter elements arranged in rows and / or columns, some of which are translucent in predetermined wavelength ranges, With an illumination source (2) arranged behind the wavelength filter array (3) in the viewing direction, which is preferably a plane illumination source, the remaining part of the filter elements being controlled opaque in a first operating mode and light from the illumination source through at least a part of the translucent filter elements and subsequently through an assigned part of the picture elements of the picture display device (1) through to the viewer

(7) arrives so that the scene or the object can be perceived three-dimensionally by the viewer (7), characterized in that the wavelength filter array (3) is designed as an electrophoretic component (40) and, in a second operating mode, the rest of the filter elements are translucent is controlled so that the scene or the object can be perceived by the viewer (7) in two dimensions.

48. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first mode of operation for at least partial three-dimensional representation of each viewer's eye sees predominantly, but not exclusively, a specific selection from the displayed image information from several perspective views of the scene or the object, which means that the viewer a spatial impression is created.