EP1203354B2 - Method for automatically charging tolls and device therefor - Google Patents

Method for automatically charging tolls and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1203354B2
EP1203354B2 EP00958115A EP00958115A EP1203354B2 EP 1203354 B2 EP1203354 B2 EP 1203354B2 EP 00958115 A EP00958115 A EP 00958115A EP 00958115 A EP00958115 A EP 00958115A EP 1203354 B2 EP1203354 B2 EP 1203354B2
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
tolls
beacon
data
position data
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EP00958115A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1203354B1 (en
EP1203354A1 (en
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Wolfgang Maisch
Reinhard Enge
Jochen Hertle
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the automatic collection of fees for the use of road or traffic areas or of a device for the automatic collection of fees according to the preamble of the independent claims. From DE 19 61 57 33 A1, such a method is already known, are processed in the GPS data to determine the fees to be paid. This procedure is limited to roads equipped with beacons.
  • US 5 490 079 A shows a system for automatic toll collection on toll road networks.
  • the localization or tracking of the toll route takes place by means of a GPS positioning system.
  • the use of beacons for billing is suggested as an alternative.
  • the billing takes place at regular intervals by means of a download of the data stored in the on-board computer of the vehicle to a billing center.
  • the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention for carrying out the method with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage of enabling an optimized overall charging system which, for example in metropolitan areas, provides short-range electronic communication such as the MW-DSRC method ("Microwave Dedicated Short Range Communication "method) and on overland routes such as on highways in sparsely populated areas far from the subordinate road network, a long-range communication method, for example using a mobile phone connection, uses, with a position determination of the vehicle, for example by means of GPS.
  • short-range electronic communication such as the MW-DSRC method ("Microwave Dedicated Short Range Communication "method)
  • overland routes such as on highways in sparsely populated areas far from the subordinate road network
  • a long-range communication method for example using a mobile phone connection, uses, with a position determination of the vehicle, for example by means of GPS.
  • the MW-DSRC process requires a complex infrastructure in the form of transmit / receive beacons on the roadside or on bridges; the necessary on-board equipment in the vehicle are relatively cheap; the data transmission between the beacon and the on-board devices costs only electrical energy for the operation of the beacon.
  • a GPS mobile system does not incur additional infrastructure costs if it is to be used for charging.
  • the on-board devices are relatively expensive to manufacture and install; For the data transfer, there are considerable telephone costs.
  • the method according to the invention can now be flexibly adapted to the everyday practice of charging, depending on which type of motor vehicle each is to be charged with fees or which parts of the road network mainly drive these vehicles. This allows minimizing the overall system cost for automatic billing and collection.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible for a vehicle to conveniently pay fees both on lanes equipped with beacons and on a road subnet consisting of tolled but non-beaten roads. Should a toll vehicle only have a conventional on-board unit that works exclusively according to the MW-DSRC procedure, it may still be possible to purchase single tickets. These individual tickets then allow the owner of a conventional on-board device or a vehicle without on-board device to drive on stretches of the road subnetwork.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore preferable in time to full-scale equipping of the vehicles with the on-board device according to the invention.
  • the beacons are mainly located in urban areas.
  • the detection of toll road sections to which no beacons are mounted can be carried out in an advantageous manner by comparing position on a angeordeten in the vehicle data memory, so that automatically required for charging in this case long-range communication is activated.
  • This combines the advantages of the beacon system and the baccarat charging system in a simple manner.
  • the beacon system in metropolitan areas is advantageous because there are many underpasses and noise barriers, which do not affect the short-range data transmission, but the long-range data transmission, for example by GSM mobile, or can obstruct the position determination by GPS satellite.
  • a beacon system in metropolitan areas makes it possible to clearly differentiate closely adjacent toll-free and toll-free roads; the position determination, for example, by GPS is not reliable enough here, since possibly ambiguous results may arise in the location determination, since the positioning accuracy is reduced as a result of not directly, but only after reflection, especially on buildings received GPS signals; In addition, the military satellite operators artificially create an inaccuracy until further notice.
  • the long-range communication for charging is advantageously used.
  • the beacons required for short-range communication are saved there, and secondly, there is generally no electrical energy available to operate the beacons in such areas. The laying of the required electrical lines would be expensive.
  • the inventive method for heavy trucks can be used, which move almost only in a metropolitan area.
  • the sum of infrastructure onboard equipment and operating costs for the entire system is minimal and the method is quickly introduced, even if not yet installed in all vehicles, the inventive device for automatic charging.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart and Figure 2 shows a vehicle-side fee module.
  • a vehicle is started and a fee module arranged in the vehicle is put into operation.
  • position data of the vehicle for example position data
  • the charge module by a satellite-based GPS (global positioning system) (method step 20).
  • the billing module is ready to communicate with this beacon when passing a beacon on the roadside, for example via a microwave assisted DSRC method. If the journey does not continue (question 30, decision 31), then the method is ended by the vehicle-side charge module is switched off again (step 70). However, if the journey continues (decision 32), it is checked (step 40) whether a beacon is passed or whether a comparison of the position of the vehicle with stored position data shows that you are on a toll road network, but no beacons to Fee collection.
  • step 20 If the comparison is negative and no beacon is detected, the process returns to step 20 (decision 41), otherwise (case 42) in the case of detecting a beacon (case distinction 50, case 51) a short-range electronic communication with the beacon, in particular a communication by microwaves, performed (step 80). After the information exchange with the beacon is returned to step 20. In the case of the presence in the road subnetwork, which is chargeable but has no beacons (case 52), a toll collection is carried out over a long-range communication, for example by GSM mobile radio (method step 60). Subsequently, the process returns to method step 20.
  • the method consists in the combination of two different types of charging, in particular in metropolitan areas, the advantages of the MW-DSRC method come into effect, while on overland routes, for example, a vehicle-mounted CD-ROM memory contains the data of the road subnet, which is chargeable, however has no beacons. In the latter case, charging by mobile radio is then automatically activated by the vehicle device by the vehicle device communicating with a control center of the operator of the charging system.
  • the position determination in method step 20 can optionally also be carried out using position-finding systems other than GPS.
  • vehicle-mounted route detection systems can be arranged which register the respective direction and route of the vehicle and can accordingly determine the current position of the vehicle.
  • a comparison of the current vehicle position data with the correspondingly equipped position memory can be carried out to decide whether one is on a toll route at all, be it a route on which beacons are arranged are, or a stretch of the road subnetwork; If no, branching takes place to 41, otherwise to 42.
  • an expected Bakenabbuchung (Case 51) can also be provided on expected, but not located beacon to send a message via mobile to the control unit or the fee collectors in the Communication with the next beacon, which happens and is recognized to forward information about the previous malfunction, which can then interrogate the fee collectors via corresponding with the control unit in communication passing transceivers of the beacon via mobile phone or automatically receives.
  • queries 40 and 50 shown in FIG. can also be provided on expected, but not located beacon to send a message via mobile to the control unit or the fee collectors in the Communication with the next beacon, which happens and is recognized to forward information about the previous malfunction, which can then interrogate the fee collectors via corresponding with the control unit in communication passing transceivers of the beacon via mobile phone or automatically receives.
  • step 32 it is also initially possible to check after step 32 whether beacon signals can be received; if so, then an offsetting is made in accordance with step 80 and then a return to step 20; if not, then the vehicle position is compared with the stored road data of the road subnetwork and in the case of a toll duty step 60 is performed, then returned to 20. If the comparison with the road subnetwork also turns out to be negative, it returns to 20 immediately.
  • the procedure can also be reversed by first performing a comparison of the position data with the road subnetwork and then, if this is negative, checking whether beacon signals are received.
  • FIG. 2 shows a fee module 200 that can be arranged in a vehicle, referred to for short as "device", with which the method according to FIG. 1 can be carried out.
  • the device 200 has a microwave transponder 5 for carrying out a short-range electronic communication 110a with a beacon 110 arranged on the road side, a GSM mobile radio module 4 for carrying out a long-range electronic communication by mobile phone 100a with the mobile terminal 100 of the operator of the charging system and a GPS Satellite navigation module 6 for receiving 120a signals from GPS satellites 120 on.
  • the units 4, 5 and 6 are connected via connecting lines 4a, 5a and 6a to a control unit 1, which in turn can communicate with a cash unit 3 via a connecting line 3a.
  • the cash unit is embodied, for example, in the form of an electronic chip card module, the chip card representing a debit card from which money can be debited electronically.
  • the control unit 1 is connected via a connecting line 2a to a CD-ROM or general mass memory 2 in combination.
  • the satellite navigation module 6 When the device is turned on when a vehicle is started, the satellite navigation module 6 receives position data, and the microwave transponder 5 waits for signals emitted from the tollgate on the street side, which become receivable when the vehicle comes near these beacons. If the transponder 5 receives such signals, it establishes communication with the beacon via a MW-DSRC connection.
  • the control unit 1 causes with the information supplied by the transponder 5, a corresponding fee deduction on the introduced in the cash unit chip card. In the memory 2, all the streets are stored, although they are chargeable, but have no beacons.
  • control unit 1 When driving on such roads, the control unit 1 will determine by comparing the position data supplied by the satellite navigation module 6 with the data stored in the data memory 2 that the vehicle is on such routes, in particular overland routes, and a corresponding debiting of the charges from the smart card in the cash unit. 3 cause.
  • the information necessary for this purpose about the amount of the charges is requested via the mobile radio module 4 by mobile phone from the charging system operator.
  • the device 200 may either have its own modules 4 and 6 or alternatively be connected only via connecting lines 4a and 6a with mobile radio and GPS modules, which are already present in the vehicle anyway.
  • the debiting can also take place in that the control unit 1 via the mobile module 4 the mobile terminal 100, the vehicle license plate and the route used, which was determined by the control unit 1 via the satellite navigation module 6, transmitted to, for example, in retrospect be debited from the bank account of the vehicle owner.
  • the payload roads equipped with beacons may additionally be stored in the data memory 2 in order to make the system more verifiable, as described above in the description of FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for automatically charging tolls which comprises both the use of a short range as well as a long range communication, for example, by microwaves and by mobile radio telephone. The appropriate type of communication for paying the tolls is selected according to the type of road in order to, all in all, realize a toll charging system that is as economical as possible.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur automatischen Erhebung von Gebühren für die Benutzung von Straßen- oder Verkehrsflächen beziehungsweise von einem Gerät zur automatischen Erhebung von Gebühren nach der Gattung der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Aus der DE 19 61 57 33 A1 ist bereits ein solches Verfahren bekannt, bei dem GPS-Daten zur Ermittlung der zu entrichtenden Gebühren verarbeitet werden. Dieses Verfahren ist auf Straßen beschränkt, die mit Baken ausgestattet sind.The invention relates to a method for the automatic collection of fees for the use of road or traffic areas or of a device for the automatic collection of fees according to the preamble of the independent claims. From DE 19 61 57 33 A1, such a method is already known, are processed in the GPS data to determine the fees to be paid. This procedure is limited to roads equipped with beacons.

Die US 5 490 079 A zeigt ein System für die automatische Gebührenerfassung bei gebührenpflichtigen Strassenteilnetzen. Die Lokalisation bzw. Nachverfolgung der gebührenpflichtigen Fahrtroute erfolgt dabei mittels eines GPS-Ortungssystems. In Gebieten ohne GPS-Verfügbarkeit wird als Alternative die Verwendung von Baken zur Gebührenerfassung vorgeschlagen. Die Abrechung erfolgt in regelmässigen Abständen mittels eines Downloads der im Bordcomputer des Fahrzeuges gespeicherten Daten an eine Abrechungsstelle.US 5 490 079 A shows a system for automatic toll collection on toll road networks. The localization or tracking of the toll route takes place by means of a GPS positioning system. In areas without GPS availability, the use of beacons for billing is suggested as an alternative. The billing takes place at regular intervals by means of a download of the data stored in the on-board computer of the vehicle to a billing center.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beziehungsweise das erfindungsgemäße Gerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, ein optimiertes Gesamtsystem zur Gebührenerhebung zu ermöglichen, das beispielsweise in Ballungsgebieten eine kurzreichweitige elektronische Kommunikation wie das MW-DSRC-Vefahren ("Microwave Dedicated Short Range Communication" -Verfahren) und auf Überlandstrecken wie zum Beispiel auf Autobahnen in dünn besiedelten Gebieten fernab vom untergeordneten Straßennetz ein langreichweitiges Kommunikationsverfahren, beispielsweise unter Einsatz einer Mobilfunkverbindung, nutzt, wobei eine Positionsbestimmung des Fahrzeugs beispielsweise mittels GPS erfolgt. Das MW-DSRC-Verfahren erfordert eine aufwendige Infrastruktur in Form von Sende-/Empfangsbaken am Straßenrand oder an Brücken; die erforderlichen Bordgeräte im Fahrzeug sind relativ billig; die Datenübertragung zwischen Bake und Bordgeräten kostet lediglich elektrische Energie zum Betrieb der Bake. Ein GPS-Mobilfunksystem hingegen verursacht keine zusätzlichen Infrastrukturkosten, wenn es für die Gebührenerhebung eingesetzt werden soll. Die Bordgeräte jedoch sind dafür relativ aufwendig in Herstellung und Einbau; für die Datenübertragung fallen nennenswerte Telefonkosten an. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann nun hierbei flexibel der Alltagspraxis der Gebührenerhebung angepaßt werden, je nach dem, welche Art von Kraftfahrzeugen jeweils mit Gebühren belegt werden soll beziehungsweise welche Teile des Straßennetzes diese Fahrzeuge jeweils hauptsächlich befahren. Das ermöglicht eine Minimierung der Gesamtsystemkosten zur automatischen Gebührenerfassung und -erhebung. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerät ermöglicht einem Fahrzeug in komfortabler Weise, Gebühren automatisch sowohl auf mit Baken ausgerüsteten Strecken als auch auf einem Straßenteilnetz zu entrichten, das aus gebührenpflichtigen, aber bakenlosen Straßen besteht. Sollte ein mautpflichtiges Fahrzeug nur ein konventionelles Bordgerät, das ausschließlich nach dem MW-DSRC-Verfahren funktioniert, besitzen, so kann weiterhin die Möglichkeit bestehen, Einzelfahrscheine zu kaufen. Diese Einzelfahrscheine erlauben dann dem Besitzer eines konventionellen Bordgeräts oder eines Fahrzeugs ohne Bordgerät, Strecken des Straßenteilnetzes zu befahren. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist daher zeitlich vorgezogen vor einer flächendeckenden Ausstattung der Fahrzeuge mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Bordgerät realisierbar.In contrast, the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention for carrying out the method with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage of enabling an optimized overall charging system which, for example in metropolitan areas, provides short-range electronic communication such as the MW-DSRC method ("Microwave Dedicated Short Range Communication "method) and on overland routes such as on highways in sparsely populated areas far from the subordinate road network, a long-range communication method, for example using a mobile phone connection, uses, with a position determination of the vehicle, for example by means of GPS. The MW-DSRC process requires a complex infrastructure in the form of transmit / receive beacons on the roadside or on bridges; the necessary on-board equipment in the vehicle are relatively cheap; the data transmission between the beacon and the on-board devices costs only electrical energy for the operation of the beacon. A GPS mobile system, on the other hand, does not incur additional infrastructure costs if it is to be used for charging. However, the on-board devices are relatively expensive to manufacture and install; For the data transfer, there are considerable telephone costs. The method according to the invention can now be flexibly adapted to the everyday practice of charging, depending on which type of motor vehicle each is to be charged with fees or which parts of the road network mainly drive these vehicles. This allows minimizing the overall system cost for automatic billing and collection. The device according to the invention makes it possible for a vehicle to conveniently pay fees both on lanes equipped with beacons and on a road subnet consisting of tolled but non-beaten roads. Should a toll vehicle only have a conventional on-board unit that works exclusively according to the MW-DSRC procedure, it may still be possible to purchase single tickets. These individual tickets then allow the owner of a conventional on-board device or a vehicle without on-board device to drive on stretches of the road subnetwork. The method according to the invention is therefore preferable in time to full-scale equipping of the vehicles with the on-board device according to the invention.

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen angegebenen Verfahren beziehungsweise Geräte möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the independent claims or methods or devices are possible.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, das gebührenpflichtige Straßennetz derart aufzuteilen, daß die Baken vorwiegend in Ballungsgebieten angeordnet sind. Die Erkennung gebührenpflichtiger Straßenabschnitte, an denen keine Baken angebracht sind, kann in vorteilhafter Weise durch Positionsvergleich mit auf einem im Fahrzeug angeordeten Datenspeicher erfolgen, so daß automatisch die für die Gebührenerhebung in diesem Falle erforderliche langreichweitige Kommunikation aktiviert wird. Dadurch werden die Vorteile des Bakensystems und des bakenlosen Gebührenerhebungssystems in einfacher Weise miteinander vereint. Hierbei ist das Bakensystem in Ballungsgebieten von Vorteil, weil hier viele Unterführungen und Schallschutzwände vorhanden sind, die zwar die kurzreichweitige Datenübertragung nicht beeinträchtigen, jedoch die langreichweitige Datenübertragung, beispielsweise per GSM-Mobilfunk, oder die die Positionsermittlung per GPS-Satelliten behindern können. Ferner fallen keine Kommunikationskosten zwischen Fahrzeugen und Infrastruktur an, was besonders in Ballungsgebieten schwer wiegt, wo die Streckenabschnitte meist nur kurz sind und die Fahrzeugdichte hoch ist. Darüberhinaus ist durch ein Bakensystem in Ballungsgebieten eine eindeutige Unterscheidung eng beieinanderliegender mautpflichtiger und mautfreier Straßen möglich; die Positionsbestimmung beispielsweise per GPS ist hier nicht zuverlässig genug, da eventuell mehrdeutige Ergebnisse bei der Ortsbestimmung entstehen können, da die Ortungsgenauigkeit infolge nicht direkt, sondern erst nach Reflexion insbesondere an Gebäuden empfangener GPS-Signale verringert wird; zusätzlich wird bis auf weiteres durch die militärischen Satellitenbetreiber künstlich eine Ungenauigkeit erzeugt.It is particularly advantageous to divide the toll road network such that the beacons are mainly located in urban areas. The detection of toll road sections to which no beacons are mounted, can be carried out in an advantageous manner by comparing position on a angeordeten in the vehicle data memory, so that automatically required for charging in this case long-range communication is activated. This combines the advantages of the beacon system and the baccarat charging system in a simple manner. Here, the beacon system in metropolitan areas is advantageous because there are many underpasses and noise barriers, which do not affect the short-range data transmission, but the long-range data transmission, for example by GSM mobile, or can obstruct the position determination by GPS satellite. Furthermore, there are no communication costs between vehicles and infrastructure, which weighs heavily, especially in densely populated areas, where the sections are usually short and vehicle density is high. Moreover, a beacon system in metropolitan areas makes it possible to clearly differentiate closely adjacent toll-free and toll-free roads; the position determination, for example, by GPS is not reliable enough here, since possibly ambiguous results may arise in the location determination, since the positioning accuracy is reduced as a result of not directly, but only after reflection, especially on buildings received GPS signals; In addition, the military satellite operators artificially create an inaccuracy until further notice.

Außerhalb von Ballungsgebieten, insbesondere für Überlandstrecken, ist die langreichweitige Kommunikation zur Gebührenerhebung vorteilhaft einsetzbar. Erstens werden dort die für die kurzreichweitige Kommunikation erforderlichen Baken eingespart, und zweitens steht in solchen Bereichen im allgemeinen keine elektrische Energie zum Betrieb der Baken zur Verfügung. Das Verlegen der erforderlichen elektrischen Leitungen wäre aufwendig. Drittens reicht auf solchen Strecken auch eine weniger präzise Ortsbestimmung mittels GPS aus, um eindeutige Angaben zu erhalten.Outside metropolitan areas, especially for overland routes, the long-range communication for charging is advantageously used. First, the beacons required for short-range communication are saved there, and secondly, there is generally no electrical energy available to operate the beacons in such areas. The laying of the required electrical lines would be expensive. Third, on such routes, a less precise location determination using GPS is sufficient to obtain clear information.

Insbesondere vorteilhaft ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für schwere Lastkraftwagen einsetzbar, die sich fast nur in einem Ballungsgebiet bewegen. Dadurch reicht es bei vielen Lastkraftwagen aus, diese zunächst einmal mit konventionellen Bordgeräten zu bestücken, die nur mit dem MW-DSRC-Verfahren mit externen Kontrollstellen kommunizieren können. Dadurch wird die Summe von Infrastruktur-Bordgeräte- und Betriebskosten für das komplette System minimal und das Verfahren ist schnell einführbar, selbst wenn noch nicht in allen Fahrzeugen das erfindungsgemäße Gerät zur automatischen Gebührenerhebung eingebaut ist.Particularly advantageously, the inventive method for heavy trucks can be used, which move almost only in a metropolitan area. As a result, it is sufficient for many trucks to first equip them with conventional on-board devices that can only communicate with external control points using the MW-DSRC method. As a result, the sum of infrastructure onboard equipment and operating costs for the entire system is minimal and the method is quickly introduced, even if not yet installed in all vehicles, the inventive device for automatic charging.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Flußdiagramm und Figur 2 ein fahrzeugseitiges Gebührenmodul.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a flowchart and Figure 2 shows a vehicle-side fee module.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Im Verfahrensschritt 10 wird ein Fahrzeug gestartet und ein im Fahrzeug angeordnetes Gebührenmodul in Betrieb genommen. Somit werden vom Gebührenmodul Positionsdaten des Fahrzeugs, beispielsweise Positionsdaten von einem satellitengestützten GPS (Global Positioning System) empfangen (Verfahrensschritt 20). Ferner steht das Gebührenmodul in Bereitschaft, um beim Passieren einer straßenseitig angeordneten Bake zur Gebührenerhebung mit dieser Bake in Kommunikation zu treten, beispielsweise über ein mikrowellengestütztes DSRC-Verfahren. Wird die Fahrt nicht weiter fortgesetzt (Frage 30, Entscheidung 31), so ist das Verfahren beendet, indem das fahrzeugseitige Gebührenmodul wieder abgeschaltet wird (Verfahrensschritt 70). Wird jedoch die Fahrt fortgesetzt (Entscheidung 32), so wird geprüft (Verfahrensschritt 40), ob eine Bake passiert wird oder ob ein Vergleich der Position des Fahrzeugs mit abgespeicherten Positionsdaten ergibt, daß man sich auf einem gebührenpflichtigen Straßennetz befindet, das jedoch keine Baken zur Gebührenerhebung aufweist. Fällt der Vergleich negativ aus und wird keine Bake erkannt, so wird zum Verfahrensschritt 20 zurückgekehrt (Entscheidung 41), andernfalls (Fall 42) wird im Falle des Erkennens einer Bake (Fallunterscheidung 50, Fall 51) eine kurzreichweitige elektronische Kommunikation mit der Bake, insbesondere eine Kommunikation per Mikrowellen, durchgeführt (Verfahrensschritt 80). Nach dem Informationsaustausch mit der Bake wird zum Verfahrensschritt 20 zurückgekehrt. Im Falle der Anwesenheit im Straßenteilnetz, das zwar gebührenpflichtig ist, jedoch keine Baken aufweist (Fall 52), wird über eine langreichweitige Kommunikation, beispielsweise per GSM-Mobilfunk, eine Gebührenerhebung durchgeführt (Verfahrensschritt 60). Anschließend wird zum Verfahrensschritt 20 zurückgekehrt.In method step 10, a vehicle is started and a fee module arranged in the vehicle is put into operation. Thus, position data of the vehicle, for example position data, is received from the charge module by a satellite-based GPS (global positioning system) (method step 20). Further, the billing module is ready to communicate with this beacon when passing a beacon on the roadside, for example via a microwave assisted DSRC method. If the journey does not continue (question 30, decision 31), then the method is ended by the vehicle-side charge module is switched off again (step 70). However, if the journey continues (decision 32), it is checked (step 40) whether a beacon is passed or whether a comparison of the position of the vehicle with stored position data shows that you are on a toll road network, but no beacons to Fee collection. If the comparison is negative and no beacon is detected, the process returns to step 20 (decision 41), otherwise (case 42) in the case of detecting a beacon (case distinction 50, case 51) a short-range electronic communication with the beacon, in particular a communication by microwaves, performed (step 80). After the information exchange with the beacon is returned to step 20. In the case of the presence in the road subnetwork, which is chargeable but has no beacons (case 52), a toll collection is carried out over a long-range communication, for example by GSM mobile radio (method step 60). Subsequently, the process returns to method step 20.

Das Verfahren besteht in der Kombination zweier verschiedenartiger Gebührenerhebungsmöglichkeiten, wobei insbesondere in Ballungsgebieten die Vorteile des MW-DSRC-Verfahrens zur Geltung kommen, während auf Überlandstrecken beispielsweise ein im Fahrzeug abgelegter CD-ROM-Speicher die Daten des Straßenteilnetzes enthält, das gebührenpflichtig ist, jedoch keine Baken aufweist. In letzterem Falle wird dann automatisch die Gebührenerhebung per Mobilfunk durch das Fahrzeuggerät aktiviert, indem das Fahrzeuggerät mit einer Kontrollzentrale des Betreibers des Gebührensystems kommuniziert.The method consists in the combination of two different types of charging, in particular in metropolitan areas, the advantages of the MW-DSRC method come into effect, while on overland routes, for example, a vehicle-mounted CD-ROM memory contains the data of the road subnet, which is chargeable, however has no beacons. In the latter case, charging by mobile radio is then automatically activated by the vehicle device by the vehicle device communicating with a control center of the operator of the charging system.

Die Positionsermittlung im Verfahrensschritt 20 kann wahlweise auch über andere Positionsermittlungssysteme als GPS durchgeführt werden. Beispielsweise können alternativ oder auch in Kombination mit dem GPS fahrzeugseitig montierte Streckennachweissysteme angeordnet sein, die die jeweilige Richtung und Strecke des Fahrzeugs registrieren und entsprechend die aktuelle Position des Fahrzeugs ermitteln können. Alternativ zum in Figur 1 dargestellten Ablauf kann anstelle des Verfahrensschritts 40 auch ein Vergleich der aktuellen Fahrzeug-Positionsdaten mit dem entsprechend ausgestatteten Positionsspeicher durchgeführt werden zur Entscheidung, ob man sich überhaupt auf einer gebührenpflichtigen Strecke befindet, sei es nun eine Strecke, auf der Baken angeordnet sind, oder eine Strecke des Straßenteilnetzes; falls nein, erfolgt Verzweigung nach 41, ansonsten nach 42. Im Falle einer zu erwartenden Bakenabbuchung (Fall 51), kann darüberhinaus vorgesehen sein, bei erwarteter, jedoch nicht georteter Bake eine entsprechende Nachricht über Mobilfunk an die Kontrolleinheit zu senden oder dem Gebührenerheber bei der Kommunikation mit der nächsten Bake, die passiert und erkannt wird, eine Information über die vorangegangene Fehlfunktion zuzuleiten, die dann der Gebührenerheber über entsprechend mit der Kontrolleinheit in Kommunikation tretende Sende-Empfangseinrichtungen der Bake per Mobilfunk abfragen kann beziehungsweise automatisch erhält. Alternativ zu den in Figur 1 dargestellten Abfragen 40 und 50 kann auch zunächst im Anschluß an Schritt 32 geprüft werden, ob Bakensignale empfangbar sind; wenn ja, dann erfolgt ein Abbuchen gemäß Schritt 80 und anschließend eine Rückkehr zu Schritt 20; wenn nein, dann wird die Fahrzeugposition mit den abgelegten Straßendaten des Straßenteilnetzes verglichen und im Falle einer Gebührenpflicht Schritt 60 durchgeführt, anschließend nach 20 zurückgekehrt. Falls auch der Vergleich mit dem Straßenteilnetz negativ ausfällt, wird sofort zu 20 zurückgekehrt. Alternativ kann auch umgekehrt vorgegangen werden, indem zunächst ein Vergleich der Positionsdaten mit dem Straßenteilnetz durchgeführt wird und im Anschluß daran, falls dieser negativ ausfällt, geprüft wird, ob Bakensignale empfangen werden.The position determination in method step 20 can optionally also be carried out using position-finding systems other than GPS. For example, alternatively or in combination with the GPS, vehicle-mounted route detection systems can be arranged which register the respective direction and route of the vehicle and can accordingly determine the current position of the vehicle. As an alternative to the sequence shown in FIG. 1, instead of the method step 40, a comparison of the current vehicle position data with the correspondingly equipped position memory can be carried out to decide whether one is on a toll route at all, be it a route on which beacons are arranged are, or a stretch of the road subnetwork; If no, branching takes place to 41, otherwise to 42. In the case of an expected Bakenabbuchung (Case 51), can also be provided on expected, but not located beacon to send a message via mobile to the control unit or the fee collectors in the Communication with the next beacon, which happens and is recognized to forward information about the previous malfunction, which can then interrogate the fee collectors via corresponding with the control unit in communication passing transceivers of the beacon via mobile phone or automatically receives. As an alternative to the queries 40 and 50 shown in FIG. 1, it is also initially possible to check after step 32 whether beacon signals can be received; if so, then an offsetting is made in accordance with step 80 and then a return to step 20; if not, then the vehicle position is compared with the stored road data of the road subnetwork and in the case of a toll duty step 60 is performed, then returned to 20. If the comparison with the road subnetwork also turns out to be negative, it returns to 20 immediately. Alternatively, the procedure can also be reversed by first performing a comparison of the position data with the road subnetwork and then, if this is negative, checking whether beacon signals are received.

Figur 2 zeigt ein in einem Fahrzeug anordenbares Gebührenmodul 200, im folgenden kurz "Gerät" genannt, mit dem das Verfahren nach Figur 1 durchgeführt werden kann. Das Gerät 200 weist einen Mikrowellentransponder 5 zur Durchführung einer kurzreichweitigen elektronischen Kommunikation 110a mit einer straßenseitig angeordneten Bake 110, ein GSM-Mobilfunk-Modul 4 zur Durchführung einer langreichweitigen elektronischen Kommunikation per Mobilfunk 100a mit dem Mobilfunkanschluß 100 des Betreibers des Systems zur Gebührenerhebung sowie ein GPS-Satellitennavigationsmodul 6 zum Empfang 120a von Signalen von GPS-Satelliten 120 auf. Die Einheiten 4, 5 und 6 sind über Verbindungsleitungen 4a, 5a beziehungsweise 6a mit einer Kontrolleinheit 1 verbunden, die wiederum über eine Verbindungsleitung 3a mit einer Zahlungsmitteleinheit 3 kommunizieren kann. Die Zahlungsmitteleinheit ist beispielsweise in Form eines elektronischen Chipkarten-Moduls ausgeführt, wobei die Chipkarte eine Guthabenkarte darstellt, von der elektronisch Geld abgebucht werden kann. Darüberhinaus steht die Kontrolleinheit 1 über eine Verbindungsleitung 2a mit einem CD-ROM- oder allgemein Massenspeicher 2 in Verbindung.FIG. 2 shows a fee module 200 that can be arranged in a vehicle, referred to for short as "device", with which the method according to FIG. 1 can be carried out. The device 200 has a microwave transponder 5 for carrying out a short-range electronic communication 110a with a beacon 110 arranged on the road side, a GSM mobile radio module 4 for carrying out a long-range electronic communication by mobile phone 100a with the mobile terminal 100 of the operator of the charging system and a GPS Satellite navigation module 6 for receiving 120a signals from GPS satellites 120 on. The units 4, 5 and 6 are connected via connecting lines 4a, 5a and 6a to a control unit 1, which in turn can communicate with a cash unit 3 via a connecting line 3a. The cash unit is embodied, for example, in the form of an electronic chip card module, the chip card representing a debit card from which money can be debited electronically. In addition, the control unit 1 is connected via a connecting line 2a to a CD-ROM or general mass memory 2 in combination.

Wird das Gerät beim Start eines Fahrzeuges eingeschaltet, so empfängt das Satellitennavigationsmodul 6 Positionsdaten, und der Mikrowellentransponder 5 wartet auf von straßenseitig angeordneten Gebührenbaken ausgesandten Signalen, die empfangbar werden, wenn das Fahrzeug in die Nähe dieser Baken gelangt. Empfängt der Transponder 5 solche Signale, so baut er über eine MW-DSRC-Verbindung eine Kommunikation mit der Bake auf. Die Kontrolleinheit 1 veranlaßt mit den vom Transponder 5 gelieferten Informationen eine entsprechende Gebührenabhebung auf der in der Zahlungsmitteleinheit eingebrachten Chipkarte. Im Datenspeicher 2 sind all die Straßen abgespeichert, die zwar gebührenpflichtig sind, jedoch keine Baken aufweisen. Beim Befahren solcher Straßen wird die Kontrolleinheit 1 durch Vergleich der vom Satellitennavigationsmodul 6 gelieferten Positionsdaten mit den im Datenspeicher 2 abgelegten Daten feststellen, daß sich das Fahrzeug auf solchen Strecken, insbesondere Überlandstrecken, befindet und eine entsprechende Abbuchung der Gebühren von der Chipkarte in der Zahlungsmitteleinheit 3 veranlassen. Die hierzu notwendige Information über die Höhe der Gebühren wird über das Mobilfunkmodul 4 per Mobilfunk vom Gebührensystembetreiber abgefragt.When the device is turned on when a vehicle is started, the satellite navigation module 6 receives position data, and the microwave transponder 5 waits for signals emitted from the tollgate on the street side, which become receivable when the vehicle comes near these beacons. If the transponder 5 receives such signals, it establishes communication with the beacon via a MW-DSRC connection. The control unit 1 causes with the information supplied by the transponder 5, a corresponding fee deduction on the introduced in the cash unit chip card. In the memory 2, all the streets are stored, although they are chargeable, but have no beacons. When driving on such roads, the control unit 1 will determine by comparing the position data supplied by the satellite navigation module 6 with the data stored in the data memory 2 that the vehicle is on such routes, in particular overland routes, and a corresponding debiting of the charges from the smart card in the cash unit. 3 cause. The information necessary for this purpose about the amount of the charges is requested via the mobile radio module 4 by mobile phone from the charging system operator.

Das Gerät 200 kann entweder eigene Module 4 und 6 aufweisen oder alternativ lediglich über Verbindungsleitungen 4a und 6a mit Mobilfunk- und GPS-Modulen in Verbindung stehen, die sowieso schon im Fahrzeug vorhanden sind. Alternativ zur Abbuchung von der Chipkarte kann die Abbuchung auch dadurch erfolgen, daß die Kontrolleinheit 1 über das Mobilfunkmodul 4 dem Mobilfunkanschluß 100 das Fahrzeugkennzeichen und die benutzte Strecke, die von der Kontrolleinheit 1 über das Satellitennavigationsmodul 6 ermittelt wurde, übermittelt, um beispielsweise im nachhinein die fällig gewordenen Benutzungsgebühren vom Bankkonto des Fahrzeuginhabers abzubuchen. Alternativ können im Datenspeicher 2 zusätzlich auch die mit Baken ausgestatteten gebührenpflichtigen Straßen abgespeichert sein, um das System besser überprüfbar zu machen, wie oben bei der Beschreibung der Figur 1 ausgeführt.The device 200 may either have its own modules 4 and 6 or alternatively be connected only via connecting lines 4a and 6a with mobile radio and GPS modules, which are already present in the vehicle anyway. As an alternative to debiting from the chip card, the debiting can also take place in that the control unit 1 via the mobile module 4 the mobile terminal 100, the vehicle license plate and the route used, which was determined by the control unit 1 via the satellite navigation module 6, transmitted to, for example, in retrospect be debited from the bank account of the vehicle owner. Alternatively, the payload roads equipped with beacons may additionally be stored in the data memory 2 in order to make the system more verifiable, as described above in the description of FIG.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for automatically charging tolls for the use of roads or traffic areas in which a device which is arranged in a vehicle senses (20) position data of the vehicle, the device, when it passes a beacon arranged on the road, carrying out a short-range electronic communication (50, 80), with the beacon for the purpose of the payment of the tolls, characterized in that the payment of the tolls is carried out by means of a long-range electronic communication (60) between the device and a control centre when the position data correspond to data of a toll-charging part of a road network without beacons.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the device compares (40) the position data with the positions of the part of the road network which are stored on a data memory, in particular a mass storage means, for example CD-ROM, DVD or chip ROM arranged in the vehicle, so that when the part of the road network is used the long-range communication is actuated.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beacons are arranged along toll-charging roads in built-up areas.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position data are received via a satellite-supported information system, in particular via GPS.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the short-range communication is carried out using microwaves.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the long-range communication is carried out using a mobile telephone, in particular a GSM mobile telephone.
  7. Device for automatically charging tolls, which has a position sensing system (6) for sensing the position of the vehicle, and a module (5) for short-range communication with a beacon, characterized in that a further module is provided for long-range communication with a control centre, a control unit (1) being connected to the position sensing system (6), the module (5) and the further module (4) in such a way that when the vehicle passes a beacon arranged in the road the device carries out a short-range electronic communication with the beacon in order to pay the tolls, and if the position data corresponds to data of the toll-charging part of the road network without beacons the tolls are paid by means of a long-range electronic communication between the device and the control centre.
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that a data memory (2) is provided for storing data, in particular position data, of the toll-charging part of the road network without beacons so that the control unit (1) can compare the position data of the vehicle with the position data of the part of the road network.
  9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the data memory (2) is formed by means of a CD-ROM, a DVD or a chip ROM, in particular a ROM which is mounted on a chip card.
EP00958115A 1999-07-27 2000-07-06 Method for automatically charging tolls and device therefor Expired - Lifetime EP1203354B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19935277 1999-07-27
DE19935277A DE19935277A1 (en) 1999-07-27 1999-07-27 Automatic fee collection method and apparatus therefor
PCT/DE2000/002225 WO2001008105A1 (en) 1999-07-27 2000-07-06 Method for automatically charging tolls and device therefor

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EP1203354A1 EP1203354A1 (en) 2002-05-08
EP1203354B1 EP1203354B1 (en) 2003-03-05
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JP (1) JP4718071B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE233926T1 (en)
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PL367212A1 (en) * 2001-06-12 2005-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Devices and methods for charging for an electronic pre-paid card with positional determination (gps pre-paid card) for a dual gps based toll system
ES2400124T3 (en) 2003-12-23 2013-04-05 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Procedure and system for the identification and registration of a mobile object that enters a predetermined area, related network and computer program product to carry it out

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ES2193985T3 (en) 2003-11-16
WO2001008105A1 (en) 2001-02-01
DE50001412D1 (en) 2003-04-10
EP1203354B1 (en) 2003-03-05
ATE233926T1 (en) 2003-03-15
JP2003505801A (en) 2003-02-12
DE19935277A1 (en) 2001-02-15
JP4718071B2 (en) 2011-07-06
EP1203354A1 (en) 2002-05-08
ES2193985T5 (en) 2007-10-01

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