EP1048363A2 - Method and apparatus for sorting waste paper - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for sorting waste paper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1048363A2
EP1048363A2 EP00107563A EP00107563A EP1048363A2 EP 1048363 A2 EP1048363 A2 EP 1048363A2 EP 00107563 A EP00107563 A EP 00107563A EP 00107563 A EP00107563 A EP 00107563A EP 1048363 A2 EP1048363 A2 EP 1048363A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste paper
sorting
radiation
reflected
fraction
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Granted
Application number
EP00107563A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1048363A3 (en
EP1048363B1 (en
EP1048363A9 (en
Inventor
Rainer Eixelberger
Peter Friedl
Karlheinz Gschweitl
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Binder and Co AG
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Binder and Co AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3422—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour using video scanning devices, e.g. TV-cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
    • B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/932—Fluid applied to items

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for sorting waste paper of different quality and nature in which at least one area of the surface is different Waste paper fractions such as paper and cardboard, for example on at least one Sorting belt lying, is irradiated and that of the waste paper pieces of the individual fractions reflected radiation recorded and the waste paper pieces based on the determined Data assigned to a specific waste paper fraction and then accordingly are sorted, as well as a corresponding device.
  • Waste paper fractions such as paper and cardboard
  • a generic method and a generic device are from the Utility model specification AT 001 959 U1, application number GM 246/97, known which expressly belongs to the disclosure of the invention mentioned below.
  • the factions are separated on a sorting belt according to AT 001 959 U1 by using Radiation sources (preferably light sources) are irradiated and the reflected Rays of evaluation units are recorded and those assigned to a specific fraction Pieces of waste paper are picked up by sensors and placed in a predetermined storage place be placed.
  • the reflected radiation is recorded with a camera and the specific characteristics - the different wavelengths of the reflected radiation -
  • the recorded area compared with stored, teachable classifiers.
  • the object of the present invention is now the errors in the sorting to reduce and a quick, simple process and an appropriate device to sort waste paper.
  • the invention is characterized in that the intensity differences of the radiation, that are reflected from adjacent sub-areas of the area under consideration become.
  • One embodiment of the invention is that each of the sub-areas of the same size an intensity value is assigned, the relative difference between the intensity values neighboring sub-areas is determined and the sum for the area under consideration this difference in intensity is formed. For example, a narrow rectangular one Stripes are depicted in equal-sized rectangles that also serve as pixels are referred to. Each pixel has a certain intensity value assigned. Then for each consisting of neighboring pixels Pixel pair formed the difference in intensity values and subsequently all differences are summed up.
  • the pieces of waste paper are assigned to the paper fraction, when the sum of the intensity differences exceeds a limit. Because if there are high intensity differences between the pixels for the area under consideration, For example, a light-dark change often occurs, can be assumed be a tightly printed piece of waste paper and therefore paper acts. The sum of the differences in intensity is therefore correspondingly large
  • the limit value can be set and is determined via tests.
  • the waste paper pieces are assigned to the cardboard fraction, if the sum of the intensity differences falls below or reaches a limit value, since cardboard is generally hardly printed with small letters and therefore for the considered area no or only slight differences in intensity between neighboring Pixels occur.
  • the limit is adjustable and is determined by tests.
  • the surface is advantageously irradiated with visible light. This allows the use of standard available and inexpensive radiation sources and evaluation devices.
  • a further embodiment of the method provides that a method for Sorting is used, taking into account the wavelength of the reflected radiation becomes.
  • the procedure is, for example, that first the method in which the Wavelength of the reflected radiation is determined, an assignment of the piece of waste paper is attempted to a particular fraction and in the event that a piece of waste paper cannot be clearly assigned to a particular faction, then the Method of sorting in which the intensity differences of the reflected radiation be determined, applied.
  • This allows the advantages of both methods to be combined become.
  • pieces of waste paper that are processed according to the method AT 001 959 U1 could be both paper and cardboard (such as certain newsprint, the color of which is similar to that of cardboard), clearly assigned become.
  • the device for carrying out a method for sorting waste paper different Quality and texture in which different waste paper fractions, such as Paper and cardboard, on at least one sorting belt for the transport of the pieces of waste paper lie and above the sorting belt at least one radiation source for radiation of at least one area of the sorting belt and at least one evaluation device, which reflected those from the waste paper pieces of the individual fractions Radiation recorded and the waste paper pieces based on the determined data of a certain Waste paper fraction assigned, are arranged, the radiation source or the evaluation device in the conveying direction of the sorting belt at least one sorting device is subordinate, is characterized in that above the sorting belt at least a part of an evaluation device is arranged, the intensity differences the radiation which is reflected by adjacent partial areas of the area under consideration, determined.
  • different waste paper fractions such as Paper and cardboard
  • the invention can be implemented particularly simply and inexpensively if the Radiation source emits visible light.
  • the evaluation device has a camera.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out quickly and with little data processing execute if the evaluation device has a line scan camera. This only scans a narrow strip of the area of interest, so that only the intensity differences have to be determined for a number of partial areas.
  • a sorting device at least one device for generating an air flow includes, can be without mechanical holding devices and thus wear-free a waste paper fraction can be sorted out.
  • blowing devices such as pressure nozzles, in particular compressed air nozzles, and / or as suction devices, such as Vacuum nozzles, fans or pumps are formed.
  • suction devices such as Vacuum nozzles, fans or pumps are formed.
  • sorting device with blowing devices and / or suction devices - for example, if more than two fractions are to be separated - can be provided that at least one sorting device with one or more pick-up devices, such as mechanical grippers, suction cups, pinch rollers, needle grippers or electrostatic pickup devices.
  • pick-up devices such as mechanical grippers, suction cups, pinch rollers, needle grippers or electrostatic pickup devices.
  • the radiation source itself contains radiation in at least one Part of the frequency range from infrared to X-rays and emits the evaluation device also evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation.
  • This allows a combination of two sorting methods, namely a method in which the wavelength of the reflected radiation is determined, and the inventive method for sorting, in which the intensity differences of the reflected radiation can be determined.
  • At least one further radiation source the Radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range from infrared to X-rays sends out, and at least one additional evaluation devices that the Evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation, are arranged. So it can also at least one separate radiation source for each of the two sorting methods and evaluation device can be provided. This will be necessary if the wavelengths of radiation required for the respective method differ too much from one another differentiate.
  • the invention is based on the figure, which is exemplary and schematic a side view shows a device according to the invention, explained in more detail.
  • the waste paper fractions are on a sorting belt 1, which can be moved in the conveying direction 2 7 hung up.
  • the sorting belt 1 is divided into several tracks.
  • a module that has at least one light source 3 with an associated one Contains reflector 4 and a camera 5.
  • the camera 5 is designed as a line camera and forms a strip, the length of which is approximately the width of the sorting belt 1 corresponds and thus covers all traces and its width, (not to scale) shown through the imaging area 6, is on the order of a few millimeters.
  • a processor unit is arranged in the camera 5, which evaluates the data and controls the assigned sorting device.
  • each module can be arranged, each with several light sources 3 with associated Reflector 4 and a camera 5 included.
  • One module is provided for each track. This Modules form a group of modules.
  • the cameras 5 then each form one Strip off, which corresponds approximately to the width of a track.
  • Each camera 5 contains either even a processor unit or all cameras 5 are with a central processor unit connected with which they together form the evaluation device.
  • the waste paper fractions 7 are under the camera 5 with light from the light sources 3rd irradiated, the reflected light according to the imaging area 6 from the camera 5 is recorded.
  • the camera 5 is designed as a line camera and provides an image, which consists of a series of pixels, each pixel being a specific one Brightness or intensity, e.g. has a certain gray value.
  • the image data will be for further evaluation and for the exact determination of the position of the piece of waste paper to the processor unit located in the camera or to the central processor unit forwarded.
  • the difference in the intensity values is formed there for each pixel pair and the sum of all differences in a figure and a corresponding one Assignment to paper or cardboard fraction made.
  • the central processor unit located in the respective camera or stores the Location of the pieces of waste paper assigned to a specific fraction and controls accordingly the sorting device.
  • This essentially consists of pressure nozzles 10, such as compressed air nozzles, which tip at the end of the sorting belt 1 in one Angles to the level of the sorting belt 1 are arranged below the same.
  • pressure nozzles 10 Per track of the sorting belt 1, at least one pressure nozzle 10 is provided.
  • the pressure nozzle 10 can be in an approximately opposite position at least one vacuum nozzle 14 are arranged, the air sucked in and thus the lifting action of the Pressure nozzle 10 reinforced.
  • other suction devices such as fans or vacuum pumps.
  • the sorting belt 1 is preferably continuously moved so that the movement can be used for the separation of the pieces of cardboard 9 or pieces of paper 8. Further embodiments of the invention result from combination with the in the device shown in AT 001 959 U1 and the method shown therein.
  • the sorting belt 1 - in the direction of movement of the sorting belt in front of the group of modules according to the invention, each of which has a plurality of light sources 3 with associated reflector 4 and a camera 5, another group of Modules are arranged, one module each having multiple radiation sources and A camera has the different wavelengths of the reflected radiation detected.
  • an allocation of the pieces of waste paper can first be made of the wavelengths of the reflected radiation and then an assignment based on the difference in intensity of the reflected radiation. This is particularly so then advantageous if the assignment according to the first method is often not clear.
  • both methods work with radiation of the same wavelength
  • both methods can run with a group of modules, one module for example one camera for each procedure or one camera for both procedures, and for both Method has the same radiation sources.
  • a sorting device is provided directly after each group of modules, which sorts out at least one fraction.
  • This sorting device can be different Recording devices, such as suction cups (if necessary in combination with a Pinch roller pair), gripping pliers, needle grippers or electrostatic pick-up devices have, the sorted out fraction on the receiving devices a predetermined storage space or another conveyor belt is brought.
  • the cardboard fraction can either also with the help of the mechanical sorting device mentioned or with a sorting device, the devices for generating a Include air flow, to be sorted out.
  • Each camera 5 of a module either has or is itself a processor unit connected to a central processor unit.
  • the modules have one Group a common central processor unit, also several groups of Modules can - optionally another - common central processor unit have. Based on the determined data, this activates the corresponding receiving device or the compressed air nozzles of the individual sorting devices.
  • the invention provides a further criterion for waste paper, in particular Cardboard and paper to separate when separating using the conventional Process is insufficient, which is a significant advance in the Classification of pieces of waste paper.
  • the following optional sorting only with The use of devices that generate air currents enables an accurate, rapid and wear-free implementation of this classification.

Abstract

The old paper and cardboard (7) is spread out on a sorting belt (1) and subjected to radiation which is then evaluated and sorted. The intensity differences in the radiation reflected by adjoining surface parts of the surface (6) being considered are determined. Each of the same sized surface parts is given an intensity value. The old paper pieces are assigned the cardboard fraction when the sum of the intensity differences understeps or reaches a boundary value. Independent claim describes device for sorting old paper where a camera part (5) of an evaluator device is arranged above t sorting belt. The radiation source (3, 4) emits visible light.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Sortieren von Altpapier unterschiedlicher Qualität und Beschaffenheit, bei dem zumindest ein Bereich der Oberfläche verschiedener Altpapierfraktionen, wie Papier und Karton, die beispielweise auf mindestens einem Sortierband liegen, bestrahlt wird und die von den Altpapierstücken der einzelnen Fraktionen reflektierte Strahlung erfasst und die Altpapierstücke aufgrund der ermittelten Daten einer bestimmten Altpapierfraktion zugeordnet und anschließend entsprechend sortiert werden, sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method for sorting waste paper of different quality and nature in which at least one area of the surface is different Waste paper fractions such as paper and cardboard, for example on at least one Sorting belt lying, is irradiated and that of the waste paper pieces of the individual fractions reflected radiation recorded and the waste paper pieces based on the determined Data assigned to a specific waste paper fraction and then accordingly are sorted, as well as a corresponding device.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren und eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung sind aus der Gebrauchsmusterschrift AT 001 959 U1, Anmeldenummer GM 246/97, bekannt, welche ausdrücklich zur Offenbarung der weiter unten angeführten Erfindung gehört. Die Fraktionen werden laut AT 001 959 U1 auf einem Sortierband getrennt, indem diese durch Strahlungsquellen (vorzugsweise Lichtquellen) bestrahlt werden und die reflektierten Strahlen von Auswerteeinheiten erfasst und die einer bestimmten Fraktion zugeordneten Altpapierstücke von Aufnehmern aufgenommen und auf einen vorbestimmten Ablageplatz gelegt werden.A generic method and a generic device are from the Utility model specification AT 001 959 U1, application number GM 246/97, known which expressly belongs to the disclosure of the invention mentioned below. The factions are separated on a sorting belt according to AT 001 959 U1 by using Radiation sources (preferably light sources) are irradiated and the reflected Rays of evaluation units are recorded and those assigned to a specific fraction Pieces of waste paper are picked up by sensors and placed in a predetermined storage place be placed.

Bei diesem Verfahren wird die reflektierte Strahlung mit einer Kamera aufgenommen und die spezifischen Merkmale ― die unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen der reflektierten Strahlung - des aufgenommenen Bereichs mit gespeicherten, anlernbaren Klassifikatoren verglichen. Mit dieser Bewertung kann oft die Zugehörigkeit der betrachteten Altpapierstücke zu einer der zu trennenden Fraktionen nicht eindeutig festgestellt werden, was zu einer unzureichenden Sortierung führt.With this method, the reflected radiation is recorded with a camera and the specific characteristics - the different wavelengths of the reflected radiation - The recorded area compared with stored, teachable classifiers. With this assessment, the affiliation of the pieces of waste paper considered can often be seen to one of the fractions to be separated cannot be clearly determined, what to insufficient sorting results.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, die Fehler bei der Sortierung zu verringern und ein rasches, einfaches Verfahren sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Sortierung von Altpapier zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is now the errors in the sorting to reduce and a quick, simple process and an appropriate device to sort waste paper.

Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Intensitätsunterschiede der Strahlung, die von benachbarten Teilflächen der betrachteten Fläche reflektiert werden, ermittelt werden.The invention is characterized in that the intensity differences of the radiation, that are reflected from adjacent sub-areas of the area under consideration become.

Neu an dieser Erfindung ist, dass durch die Heranziehung der jeder Altpapierfraktion eigenen Intensitätsverteilung eine bessere Zuordnung zu einer bestimmten Fraktion erzielt werden kann.What is new about this invention is that by using each waste paper fraction own distribution of intensity achieved a better allocation to a certain fraction can be.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass jeder der gleich großen Teilflächen ein Intensitätswert zugeordnet wird, der relative Unterschied zwischen den Intensitätswerten benachbarter Teilflächen bestimmt wird und für die betrachtete Fläche die Summe dieser Intensitätsunterschiede gebildet wird. Beispielsweise kann ein schmaler rechteckiger Streifen abgebildet werden, der in gleich große Rechtecke, die auch als Bildpunkte bezeichnet werden, unterteilt wird. Jedem Bildpunkt wird eine bestimmter Intensitätswert zugeordnet. Anschließend wird für jedes aus benachbarten Bildpunkten bestehende Bildpunkt-Paar die Differenz der Intensitätswerte gebildet und in der Folge werden alle Differenzen aufsummiert.One embodiment of the invention is that each of the sub-areas of the same size an intensity value is assigned, the relative difference between the intensity values neighboring sub-areas is determined and the sum for the area under consideration this difference in intensity is formed. For example, a narrow rectangular one Stripes are depicted in equal-sized rectangles that also serve as pixels are referred to. Each pixel has a certain intensity value assigned. Then for each consisting of neighboring pixels Pixel pair formed the difference in intensity values and subsequently all differences are summed up.

Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die Altpapierstücke der Papierfraktion zugeordnet werden, wenn die Summe der Intensitätsunterschiede einen Grenzwert überschreitet. Denn wenn für die betrachtete Fläche hohe Intensitätsunterschiede zwischen den Bildpunkten auftreten, also beispielsweise oftmals ein Hell-Dunkel-Wechsel auftritt, kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass es sich um ein eng bedrucktes Altpapierstück und damit um Papier handelt. Die Summe der Intensitätsunterschiede ist daher entsprechend groß, der Grenzwert ist einstellbar und wird über Versuche bestimmt.It is provided that the pieces of waste paper are assigned to the paper fraction, when the sum of the intensity differences exceeds a limit. Because if there are high intensity differences between the pixels for the area under consideration, For example, a light-dark change often occurs, can be assumed be a tightly printed piece of waste paper and therefore paper acts. The sum of the differences in intensity is therefore correspondingly large The limit value can be set and is determined via tests.

Analog ist vorgesehen, dass die Altpapierstücke der Kartonfraktion zugeordnet werden, wenn die Summe der Intensitätsunterschiede einen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder erreicht, da Karton im Allgemeinen kaum mit kleiner Schrift bedruckt ist und daher für die betrachtete Fläche keine oder nur geringe Intensitätsunterschiede zwischen benachbarten Bildpunkten auftreten. Der Grenzwert ist einstellbar und wird über Versuche bestimmt.Analogously, it is provided that the waste paper pieces are assigned to the cardboard fraction, if the sum of the intensity differences falls below or reaches a limit value, since cardboard is generally hardly printed with small letters and therefore for the considered area no or only slight differences in intensity between neighboring Pixels occur. The limit is adjustable and is determined by tests.

Für die Trennung von zwei Fraktionen ― Papier und Karton ― fallen die beiden genannten Grenzwerte zusammen.For the separation of two fractions - paper and cardboard - the two mentioned fall Limits together.

Vorteilhafterweise wird die Fläche erfindungsgemäß mit sichtbarem Licht bestrahlt. Dies erlaubt den Einsatz von standardmäßig verfügbaren und kostengünstigen Strahlungsquellen und Auswertevorrichtungen.According to the invention, the surface is advantageously irradiated with visible light. This allows the use of standard available and inexpensive radiation sources and evaluation devices.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens sieht vor, dass zusätzlich ein Verfahren zum Sortieren verwendet wird, bei dem die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung berücksichtigt wird. Durch eine Kombination des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit dem in der AT 001 959 U1 gezeigten Verfahren kann die Genauigkeit der Sortierung noch weiter erhöht werden.A further embodiment of the method provides that a method for Sorting is used, taking into account the wavelength of the reflected radiation becomes. By a combination of the inventive method with that in the The method shown in AT 001 959 U1 can further increase the accuracy of the sorting increase.

Dabei wird beispielsweise so verfahren, dass zuerst mit dem Verfahren, bei dem die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt wird, eine Zuordnung des Altpapierstücks zu einer bestimmten Fraktion versucht wird und im Fall, dass ein Altpapierstück einer bestimmten Fraktion nicht eindeutig zugeordnet werden kann, anschließend das Verfahren zum Sortieren, bei dem die Intensitätsunterschiede der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt werden, angewendet wird. Damit können die Vorteile beider Verfahren kombiniert werden. Insbesondere können damit Altpapierstücke, die nach dem Verfahren gemäß AT 001 959 U1 sowohl Papier als auch Karton sein könnten (wie beispielsweise bestimmtes Zeitungspapier, dessen Farbe der von Karton ähnlich ist), eindeutig zugeordnet werden.The procedure is, for example, that first the method in which the Wavelength of the reflected radiation is determined, an assignment of the piece of waste paper is attempted to a particular fraction and in the event that a piece of waste paper cannot be clearly assigned to a particular faction, then the Method of sorting in which the intensity differences of the reflected radiation be determined, applied. This allows the advantages of both methods to be combined become. In particular, pieces of waste paper that are processed according to the method AT 001 959 U1 could be both paper and cardboard (such as certain newsprint, the color of which is similar to that of cardboard), clearly assigned become.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Sortieren von Altpapier unterschiedlicher Qualität und Beschaffenheit, bei dem verschiedene Altpapierfraktionen, wie Papier und Karton, auf mindestens einem Sortierband zur Beförderung der Altpapierstücke liegen und über dem Sortierband zumindest eine Strahlungsquelle zur Bestrahlung von zumindest einem Bereich des Sortierbandes sowie zumindest eine Auswertevorrichtung, welche die von den Altpapierstücken der einzelnen Fraktionen reflektierte Strahlung erfasst und die Altpapierstücke aufgrund der ermittelten Daten einer bestimmten Altpapierfraktion zuordnet, angeordnet sind, wobei der Strahlungsquelle bzw. der Auswertevorrichtung in Förderrichtung des Sortierbandes zumindest eine Sortiereinrichtung nachgeordnet ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über dem Sortierband mindestens ein Teil einer Auswertevorrichtung angeordnet ist, die Intensitätsunterschiede der Strahlung, die von benachbarten Teilflächen der betrachteten Fläche reflektiert werden, ermittelt.The device for carrying out a method for sorting waste paper different Quality and texture, in which different waste paper fractions, such as Paper and cardboard, on at least one sorting belt for the transport of the pieces of waste paper lie and above the sorting belt at least one radiation source for radiation of at least one area of the sorting belt and at least one evaluation device, which reflected those from the waste paper pieces of the individual fractions Radiation recorded and the waste paper pieces based on the determined data of a certain Waste paper fraction assigned, are arranged, the radiation source or the evaluation device in the conveying direction of the sorting belt at least one sorting device is subordinate, is characterized in that above the sorting belt at least a part of an evaluation device is arranged, the intensity differences the radiation which is reflected by adjacent partial areas of the area under consideration, determined.

Besonders einfach und kostengünstig lässt sich die Erfindung verwirklichen, wenn die Strahlungsquelle sichtbares Licht ausstrahlt.The invention can be implemented particularly simply and inexpensively if the Radiation source emits visible light.

Dabei kann vorgesehen werden, dass die Auswertevorrichtung eine Kamera aufweist.It can be provided that the evaluation device has a camera.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lässt sich rasch und mit wenig Aufwand an Datenverarbeitung ausführen, wenn die Auswertevorrichtung eine Zeilenkamera aufweist. Diese tastet jeweils nur einen schmalen Streifen des interessierenden Bereichs ab, sodass nur für eine Reihe von Teilflächen die Intensitätsunterschiede bestimmt werden müssen.The method according to the invention can be carried out quickly and with little data processing execute if the evaluation device has a line scan camera. This only scans a narrow strip of the area of interest, so that only the intensity differences have to be determined for a number of partial areas.

Wenn eine Sortiereinrichtung zumindest eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Luftströmung beinhaltet, kann ohne mechanische Aufnahmevorrichtungen und damit verschleißfrei eine Altpapierfraktion aussortiert werden.If a sorting device at least one device for generating an air flow includes, can be without mechanical holding devices and thus wear-free a waste paper fraction can be sorted out.

Dies geschieht beispielsweise dadurch, dass diese Einrichtungen als Blaseinrichtungen, wie Druckdüsen, insbesondere Druckluftdüsen, und/oder als Saugeinrichtungen, wie Unterdruckdüsen, Ventilatoren oder Pumpen, ausgebildet sind. Damit können die durch die Auswerteeinrichtung als Karton identifizierten Altpapierstücke beispielsweise am Ende des Sortierbandes gezielt durch Druckluft und/oder durch Unterdruck angehoben und über die Oberkante einer in Bewegungsrichtung des Sortierbandes gesehen nach dem Sortierband angeordneten Abscheidekante befördert werden, hinter der sie nach unten absinken. Die restlichen Fraktionen, beispielsweise die Papierfraktion, fallen durch die Umlenkung des Sortierbandes direkt nach diesem nach unten.This happens, for example, in that these devices as blowing devices, such as pressure nozzles, in particular compressed air nozzles, and / or as suction devices, such as Vacuum nozzles, fans or pumps are formed. So that through the evaluation device, for example, identified pieces of waste paper as cardboard at the end of the sorting belt selectively raised by compressed air and / or by negative pressure and seen over the top edge of one in the direction of movement of the sorting belt according to the sorting belt arranged separating edge are transported behind which sink down. The remaining fractions, for example the paper fraction, fall by deflecting the sorting belt directly downwards.

Zusätzlich zu oder statt einer Sortiereinrichtung mit Blaseinrichtungen und/oder Saugeinrichtungen - etwa wenn mehr als zwei Fraktionen zu trennen sind - kann vorgesehen werden, dass zumindest eine Sortiereinrichtung mit einer oder mehreren Aufnahmevorrichtungen, wie mechanischen Greifzangen, Saugern, Klemmwalzen, Nadelgreifern oder elektrostatischen Aufnahmevorrichtungen, ausgestattet ist. Für die genaue Ausführung und Anordnung der Sortiereinrichtungen wird auf die AT 001 959 U1 verwiesen.In addition to or instead of a sorting device with blowing devices and / or suction devices - for example, if more than two fractions are to be separated - can be provided that at least one sorting device with one or more pick-up devices, such as mechanical grippers, suction cups, pinch rollers, needle grippers or electrostatic pickup devices. For the exact execution and arrangement of the sorting devices is referred to AT 001 959 U1.

Weiters ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Strahlungsquelle selbst Strahlung in zumindest einem Teilbereich des Frequenzbereichs von Infrarot bis Röntgenstrahlung aussendet und die Auswertevorrichtung auch die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung auswertet. Damit kann auf einfache Weise eine Kombination von zwei Sortierverfahren, nämlich einem Verfahren, bei dem die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt wird, und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Sortieren, bei dem die Intensitätsunterschiede der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt werden, erreicht werden.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the radiation source itself contains radiation in at least one Part of the frequency range from infrared to X-rays and emits the evaluation device also evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation. This allows a combination of two sorting methods, namely a method in which the wavelength of the reflected radiation is determined, and the inventive method for sorting, in which the intensity differences of the reflected radiation can be determined.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen werden, dass zumindest eine weitere Strahlungsquelle, die Strahlung in zumindest einem Teilbereich des Frequenzbereichs von Infrarot bis Röntgenstrahlung aussendet, und zumindest eine zusätzliche Auswertevorrichtungen, die die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung auswertet, angeordnet sind. Es können somit auch für jedes der beiden Sortierverfahren jeweils zumindest eine eigene Strahlungsquelle und Auswertevorrichtung vorgesehen werden. Dies wird dann nötig sein, wenn sich die für das jeweilige Verfahren benötigten Wellenlängen der Strahlung zu stark voneinander unterscheiden.Alternatively, it can be provided that at least one further radiation source, the Radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range from infrared to X-rays sends out, and at least one additional evaluation devices that the Evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation, are arranged. So it can also at least one separate radiation source for each of the two sorting methods and evaluation device can be provided. This will be necessary if the wavelengths of radiation required for the respective method differ too much from one another differentiate.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figur, die beispielhaft und schematisch eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zeigt, näher erläutert.The invention is based on the figure, which is exemplary and schematic a side view shows a device according to the invention, explained in more detail.

Auf einem Sortierband 1, welches in Förderrichtung 2 bewegbar ist, sind die Altpapierfraktionen 7 aufgelegt. Das Sortierband 1 ist in mehrere Spuren unterteilt. Über dem Sortierband 1 ist ein Modul angeordnet, das wenigstens eine Lichtquelle 3 mit zugehörigem Reflektor 4 und eine Kamera 5 enthält. Die Kamera 5 ist als Zeilenkamera ausgebildet und bildet einen Streifen ab, dessen Länge in etwa der Breite des Sortierbandes 1 entspricht und somit alle Spuren abdeckt und dessen Breite, (nicht maßstäblich) dargestellt durch den Abbildungsbereich 6, in der Größenordnung von einigen Millimetern liegt. In der Kamera 5 ist eine Prozessoreinheit angeordnet, welche die Daten auswertet und die zugeordnete Sortiereinrichtung steuert.The waste paper fractions are on a sorting belt 1, which can be moved in the conveying direction 2 7 hung up. The sorting belt 1 is divided into several tracks. About that Sorting belt 1 is arranged a module that has at least one light source 3 with an associated one Contains reflector 4 and a camera 5. The camera 5 is designed as a line camera and forms a strip, the length of which is approximately the width of the sorting belt 1 corresponds and thus covers all traces and its width, (not to scale) shown through the imaging area 6, is on the order of a few millimeters. A processor unit is arranged in the camera 5, which evaluates the data and controls the assigned sorting device.

Über dem Sortierband 1 können jedoch auch - in Zeichenebene gesehen hintereinander ― mehrere Module angeordnet sein, die jeweils mehrere Lichtquellen 3 mit zugehörigem Reflektor 4 und eine Kamera 5 enthalten. Für jede Spur ist ein Modul vorgesehen. Diese Module bilden eine Gruppe von Modulen. Die Kameras 5 bilden dann jeweils einen Streifen ab, der in etwa der Breite einer Spur entspricht. Jede Kamera 5 enthält entweder selbst eine Prozessoreinheit oder alle Kameras 5 sind mit einer zentralen Prozessoreinheit verbunden, mit der sie gemeinsam die Auswertevorrichtung bilden.Above the sorting belt 1, however, can also be seen one behind the other - in the drawing plane - Several modules can be arranged, each with several light sources 3 with associated Reflector 4 and a camera 5 included. One module is provided for each track. This Modules form a group of modules. The cameras 5 then each form one Strip off, which corresponds approximately to the width of a track. Each camera 5 contains either even a processor unit or all cameras 5 are with a central processor unit connected with which they together form the evaluation device.

Die Altpapierfraktionen 7 werden unter der Kamera 5 mit Licht aus den Lichtquellen 3 bestrahlt, wobei das reflektierte Licht gemäß dem Abbildungsbereich 6 von der Kamera 5 aufgenommen wird. Die Kamera 5 ist als Zeilenkamera ausgebildet und liefert eine Abbildung, die aus einer Reihe Bildpunkte besteht, wobei jeder Bildpunkt eine bestimmte Helligkeit bzw. Intensität, z.B. einen bestimmten Grauwert, aufweist. Die Bilddaten werden zur weiteren Auswertung sowie zur genauen Lagebestimmung des Altpapierstücks an die in der Kamera befindliche Prozessoreinheit oder an die zentrale Prozessoreinheit weitergeleitet. Dort wird für jedes Bildpunkt-Paar die Differenz der Intensitätswerte gebildet und die Summe aller Differenzen einer Abbildung gebildet und eine entsprechende Zuordnung zur Papier- oder Kartonfraktion vorgenommen.The waste paper fractions 7 are under the camera 5 with light from the light sources 3rd irradiated, the reflected light according to the imaging area 6 from the camera 5 is recorded. The camera 5 is designed as a line camera and provides an image, which consists of a series of pixels, each pixel being a specific one Brightness or intensity, e.g. has a certain gray value. The image data will be for further evaluation and for the exact determination of the position of the piece of waste paper to the processor unit located in the camera or to the central processor unit forwarded. The difference in the intensity values is formed there for each pixel pair and the sum of all differences in a figure and a corresponding one Assignment to paper or cardboard fraction made.

Die in der jeweiligen Kamera befindliche bzw. die zentrale Prozessoreinheit speichert die Lage der einer bestimmten Fraktion zugeordneten Altpapierstücke und steuert entsprechend die Sortiereinrichtung. Diese besteht hier im Wesentlichen aus Druckdüsen 10, wie beispielsweise Druckluftdüsen, die am Ende des Sortierbandes 1 in einem spitzen Winkel zur Ebene des Sortierbandes 1 unterhalb desselben angeordnet sind. Pro Spur des Sortierbandes 1 ist mindestens eine Druckdüse 10 vorgesehen. Zusätzlich oder statt der Druckdüsen 10 kann in etwa gegenüberliegender Position mindestens eine Unterdruckdüse 14 angeordnet werden, die Luft ansaugt und somit die Hubwirkung der Druckdüse 10 verstärkt. Statt Unterdruckdüsen 14 können auch andere Saugeinrichtungen, wie Ventilatoren oder Unterdruckpumpen, eingesetzt werden.The central processor unit located in the respective camera or stores the Location of the pieces of waste paper assigned to a specific fraction and controls accordingly the sorting device. This essentially consists of pressure nozzles 10, such as compressed air nozzles, which tip at the end of the sorting belt 1 in one Angles to the level of the sorting belt 1 are arranged below the same. Per track of the sorting belt 1, at least one pressure nozzle 10 is provided. In addition or instead of the pressure nozzle 10 can be in an approximately opposite position at least one vacuum nozzle 14 are arranged, the air sucked in and thus the lifting action of the Pressure nozzle 10 reinforced. Instead of vacuum nozzles 14, other suction devices, such as fans or vacuum pumps.

Erreicht ein als Papier identifiziertes Altpapierstück 8 das Ende des Sortierbandes 1, so erfolgt durch die Druckdüsen 10 keine Luftzufuhr bzw. durch die Unterdruckdüsen 14 keine Sogwirkung und das Papierstück 8 sinkt im Anschluss an das Sortierband 1 nach unten in einen als Papierbehälter 11 ausgeführten Ablageplatz.If a piece of waste paper 8 identified as paper reaches the end of the sorting belt 1, see there is no air supply through the pressure nozzles 10 or through the vacuum nozzles 14 no suction effect and the piece of paper 8 sinks after the sorting belt 1 below in a storage space designed as a paper container 11.

Erreicht ein als Karton identifiziertes Altpapierstück 9 das Ende des Sortierbandes 1, so wird durch die Druckdüsen 10 und/oder durch die Unterdruckdüsen 14, die alle von der (zentralen) Prozessoreinheit ― gegebenenfalls für die einzelnen Spuren getrennt - gesteuert werden, Druckluft zugeführt bzw. Unterdruck erzeugt und das Kartonstück 9 kann aufgrund der ausgeübten Kraft nicht sofort absinken, sondern wird in Förderrichtung 2 des Sortierbands 1 weitergetragen, über die Abscheidekante 13 des als Kartonbehälter 12 ausgeführten Ablageplatzes hinweg, und sinkt schließlich auf den Ablageplatz. Dieser kann jedoch sowohl für Papier als auch für Karton beispielsweise auch als Förderband ausgebildet sein.If a piece of waste paper 9 identified as cardboard reaches the end of the sorting belt 1, see is through the pressure nozzles 10 and / or through the vacuum nozzles 14, all of which (central) processor unit - separated for the individual tracks if necessary - can be controlled, compressed air supplied or negative pressure generated and the piece of cardboard 9 cannot drop immediately due to the force exerted, but will in the direction of conveyance 2 of the sorting belt 1 carried over the separating edge 13 of the as a cardboard box 12 executed storage space, and finally sinks to the storage space. However, this can also be used for both paper and cardboard, for example Conveyor belt to be formed.

Eine andere Möglichkeit der Trennung von Papier und Karton besteht darin, dass die Positionen von Kartonbehälter 12 und Papierbehälter 11 sowie die Positionen von Druckdüsen 10 und Unterdruckdüsen 14 vertauscht werden, wobei hier ebenfalls entweder nur Druckdüsen 10 oder nur Unterdruckdüsen 14 (oder andere Saugeinrichtungen) oder beide Arten von Einrichtungen angeordnet werden.Another way of separating paper and cardboard is that the Positions of cardboard container 12 and paper container 11 and the positions of Pressure nozzles 10 and vacuum nozzles 14 are interchanged, here either either only pressure nozzles 10 or only vacuum nozzles 14 (or other suction devices) or both types of devices can be arranged.

Erreicht ein als Papier identifiziertes Altpapierstück 8 das Ende des Sortierbandes 1, so erfolgt durch die Druckdüsen 10 keine Luftzufuhr bzw. durch die Unterdruckdüsen 14 keine Sogwirkung und das Papierstück 8 sinkt im Wesentlichen der Wurfparabel folgend nach unten in den Papierbehälter 11, der nun in Förderrichtung 2 des Sortierbandes 1 gesehen nach dem Kartonbehälter angeordnet ist.If a piece of waste paper 8 identified as paper reaches the end of the sorting belt 1, see there is no air supply through the pressure nozzles 10 or through the vacuum nozzles 14 no suction effect and the piece of paper 8 sinks essentially following the throwing parabola down into the paper container 11, which is now in the conveying direction 2 of the sorting belt 1 seen after the cardboard container is arranged.

Erreicht ein als Karton identifiziertes Altpapierstück 9 das Ende des Sortierbandes 1, so wird durch die Druckdüsen 10 von oben Druckluft zugeführt und/oder durch die Unterdruckdüsen 14 ein Unterdruck erzeugt und das Kartonstück 9 wird aufgrund der ausgeübten Kraft sofort nach unten bewegt und im Kartonbehälter 12, der sich direkt an das Sortierband 1 anschließt, gesammelt.If a piece of waste paper 9 identified as cardboard reaches the end of the sorting belt 1, see compressed air is supplied from above through the pressure nozzles 10 and / or through the vacuum nozzles 14 creates a negative pressure and the piece of cardboard 9 is exercised due to the Force immediately moves down and in the cardboard container 12, which is directly attached to the Sorting belt 1 connects, collected.

Hier sei angemerkt, dass selbstverständlich sowohl nur Ansaugen als auch nur Ausblasen als auch eine Kombination davon möglich ist. Und zwar jeweils sowohl allein für eine Fraktion, wie hier für Karton beschrieben, jedoch auch allein für Papier. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Ausblasung/Ansaugung für die Fraktion mit geringerem Anteil erfolgen. Die Ablageplätze sind dann entsprechend anzuordnen. Natürlich können auch beide Fraktionen angesaugt und/oder ausgeblasen werden. It should be noted here that, of course, only suction as well as blowing out as well as a combination of them is possible. Both for one Fraction, as described here for cardboard, but also for paper alone. Conveniently the blow-out / suction will take place for the fraction with a lower proportion. The storage spaces are then to be arranged accordingly. Of course, both can Fractions are sucked in and / or blown out.

Das Sortierband 1 wird vorzugsweise kontinuierlich weiterbewegt, sodass die Bewegung für die Abtrennung der Kartonstücke 9 bzw. der Papierstücke 8 genützt werden kann. Weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich durch Kombination mit der in der AT 001 959 U1 gezeigten Vorrichtung bzw. dem darin gezeigten Verfahren.The sorting belt 1 is preferably continuously moved so that the movement can be used for the separation of the pieces of cardboard 9 or pieces of paper 8. Further embodiments of the invention result from combination with the in the device shown in AT 001 959 U1 and the method shown therein.

So können über dem Sortierband 1 - in Bewegungsrichtung des Sortierbandes gesehen - vor der erfindungsgemäßen Gruppe von Modulen, die jeweils mehrere Lichtquellen 3 mit zugehörigem Reflektor 4 und eine Kamera 5 umfassen, eine weitere Gruppe von Modulen angeordnet werden, wobei ein Modul jeweils mehrere Strahlungsquellen und eine Kamera besitzt, welche die unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen der reflektierten Strahlung erfasst. Auf diese Weise kann zuerst eine Zuordnung der Altpapierstücke anhand der Wellenlängen der reflektierten Strahlung erfolgen und anschließend eine Zuordnung anhand der Intensitätsunterschiede der reflektierten Strahlung. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Zuordnung nach dem ersten Verfahren oft nicht eindeutig ist.So can be seen above the sorting belt 1 - in the direction of movement of the sorting belt in front of the group of modules according to the invention, each of which has a plurality of light sources 3 with associated reflector 4 and a camera 5, another group of Modules are arranged, one module each having multiple radiation sources and A camera has the different wavelengths of the reflected radiation detected. In this way, an allocation of the pieces of waste paper can first be made of the wavelengths of the reflected radiation and then an assignment based on the difference in intensity of the reflected radiation. This is particularly so then advantageous if the assignment according to the first method is often not clear.

Wenn beide Verfahren mit Strahlung gleicher Wellenlänge arbeiten, können beide Verfahren mit einer Gruppe von Modulen ausgeführt werden, wobei ein Modul beispielsweise für jedes Verfahren eine Kamera oder eine Kamera für beide Verfahren, und für beide Verfahren die gleichen Strahlungsquellen aufweist.If both methods work with radiation of the same wavelength, both methods can run with a group of modules, one module for example one camera for each procedure or one camera for both procedures, and for both Method has the same radiation sources.

Wenn mehr als zwei Fraktionen getrennt werden sollen, so können mehrere Gruppen von Modulen, die eine Zuordnung anhand der Wellenlängen der reflektierten Strahlung vornehmen, in Förderrichtung des Sortierbandes hintereinander angeordnet werden. Gegebenenfalls ist direkt nach jeder Gruppe von Modulen eine Sortiereinrichtung vorgesehen, die zumindest eine Fraktion aussortiert. Diese Sortiereinrichtung kann verschiedene Aufnahmevorrichtungen, wie Sauger (gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit einem Klemmwalzenpaar), Greifzangen, Nadelgreifer oder elektrostatische Aufnahmevorrichtungen aufweisen, wobei die aussortierte Fraktion durch die Aufnahmevorrichtungen auf einen vorbestimmten Ablageplatz oder ein weiteres Förderband verbracht wird.If more than two fractions are to be separated, several groups can of modules that make an assignment based on the wavelengths of the reflected radiation to be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction of the sorting belt. If necessary, a sorting device is provided directly after each group of modules, which sorts out at least one fraction. This sorting device can be different Recording devices, such as suction cups (if necessary in combination with a Pinch roller pair), gripping pliers, needle grippers or electrostatic pick-up devices have, the sorted out fraction on the receiving devices a predetermined storage space or another conveyor belt is brought.

Die Kartonfraktion kann entweder ebenfalls mit Hilfe der genannten mechanischen Sortiereinrichtung oder mit einer Sortiereinrichtung, die Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung einer Luftströmung beinhalten, aussortiert werden.The cardboard fraction can either also with the help of the mechanical sorting device mentioned or with a sorting device, the devices for generating a Include air flow, to be sorted out.

Jede Kamera 5 eines Moduls weist entweder selbst eine Prozessoreinheit auf oder ist mit einer zentralen Prozessoreinheit verbunden. Im letzteren Fall weisen die Module einer Gruppe eine gemeinsame zentrale Prozessoreinheit auf, auch mehrere Gruppen von Modulen können - gegebenenfalls eine weitere - gemeinsame zentrale Prozessoreinheit besitzen. Diese aktiviert aufgrund der ermittelten Daten zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt die entsprechenden Aufnahmevorrichtung bzw. die Druckluftdüsen der einzelnen Sortiereinrichtungen.Each camera 5 of a module either has or is itself a processor unit connected to a central processor unit. In the latter case, the modules have one Group a common central processor unit, also several groups of Modules can - optionally another - common central processor unit have. Based on the determined data, this activates the corresponding receiving device or the compressed air nozzles of the individual sorting devices.

Mit der Erfindung wird ein weiteres Kriterium zur Verfügung gestellt, um Altpapier, insbesondere Karton und Papier, zu trennen, wenn eine Trennung mit Hilfe der herkömmlichen Verfahren nur unzureichend möglich ist, was einen wesentlichen Fortschritt bei der Klassifizierung von Altpapierstücken darstellt. Die folgende optionale Sortierung nur mit Hilfe von Einrichtungen, die Luftströmungen erzeugen, ermöglicht eine genaue, rasche und verschleißfreie Umsetzung dieser Klassifizierung.The invention provides a further criterion for waste paper, in particular Cardboard and paper to separate when separating using the conventional Process is insufficient, which is a significant advance in the Classification of pieces of waste paper. The following optional sorting only with The use of devices that generate air currents enables an accurate, rapid and wear-free implementation of this classification.

Claims (16)

Verfahren zum Sortieren von Altpapier unterschiedlicher Qualität und Beschaffenheit, bei dem zumindest ein Bereich der Oberfläche verschiedener Altpapierfraktionen, wie Papier und Karton, die beispielsweise auf mindestens einem Sortierband liegen, bestrahlt wird und die von den Altpapierstücken der einzelnen Fraktionen reflektierte Strahlung erfasst und die Altpapierstücke aufgrund der ermittelten Daten einer bestimmten Altpapierfraktion zugeordnet und anschließend entsprechend sortiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Intensitätsunterschiede der Strahlung, die von benachbarten Teilflächen der betrachteten Fläche reflektiert werden, ermittelt werden.Method for sorting waste paper of different quality and quality, in which at least a region of the surface of different waste paper fractions, such as paper and cardboard, which are for example on at least one sorting belt, is irradiated and which detects the radiation reflected from the waste paper pieces of the individual fractions and causes the waste paper pieces the determined data are assigned to a specific waste paper fraction and then sorted accordingly, characterized in that the intensity differences of the radiation, which are reflected by neighboring partial areas of the area under consideration, are determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der gleich großen Teilflächen ein Intensitätswert zugeordnet wird, der relative Unterschied zwischen den Intensitätswerten benachbarter Teilflächen bestimmt wird und für die betrachtete Fläche die Summe dieser Intensitätsunterschiede gebildet wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that an intensity value is assigned to each of the subareas of equal size, the relative difference between the intensity values of adjacent subareas is determined and the sum of these intensity differences is formed for the area under consideration. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Altpapierstücke der Papierfraktion zugeordnet werden, wenn die Summe der Intensitätsunterschiede einen Grenzwert überschreitet.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the waste paper pieces are assigned to the paper fraction when the sum of the intensity differences exceeds a limit. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Altpapierstücke der Kartonfraktion zugeordnet werden, wenn die Summe der Intensitätsunterschiede einen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder erreicht.A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the waste paper pieces are assigned to the cardboard fraction when the sum of the intensity differences falls below or reaches a limit value. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fläche mit sichtbarem Licht bestrahlt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface is irradiated with visible light. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich ein Verfahren zum Sortieren verwendet wird, bei dem die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung berücksichtigt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a method for sorting is additionally used, in which the wavelength of the reflected radiation is taken into account. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zuerst mit dem Verfahren, bei dem die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt wird, eine Zuordnung des Altpapierstücks zu einer bestimmten Fraktion versucht wird und im Fall, dass ein Altpapierstück einer bestimmten Fraktion nicht eindeutig zugeordnet werden kann, anschließend das Verfahren zum Sortieren, bei dem die Intensitätsunterschiede der reflektierten Strahlung ermittelt werden, angewendet wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that first with the method in which the wavelength of the reflected radiation is determined, an assignment of the piece of waste paper to a certain fraction is attempted and in the event that a piece of waste paper cannot be clearly assigned to a certain fraction, then the sorting method, in which the intensity differences of the reflected radiation are determined, is used. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Sortieren von Altpapier unterschiedlicher Qualität und Beschaffenheit, bei dem verschiedene Altpapierfraktionen (7, 8, 9), wie Papier (8) und Karton (9), auf mindestens einem Sortierband (1) zur Beförderung der Altpapierstücke (7, 8, 9) liegen und über dem Sortierband (1) zumindest eine Strahlungsquelle (3, 4) zur Bestrahlung von zumindest einem Bereich (6) des Sortierbandes (1) sowie zumindest eine Auswertevorrichtung (5), welche die von den Altpapierstücken (7) der einzelnen Fraktionen reflektierte Strahlung erfasst und die Altpapierstücke (7) aufgrund der ermittelten Daten einer bestimmten Altpapierfraktion (11, 12) zuordnet, angeordnet sind, wobei der Strahlungsquelle (3, 4) bzw. der Auswertevorrichtung (5) in Förderrichtung (2) des Sortierbandes (1) zumindest eine Sortiereinrichtung (10) nachgeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über dem Sortierband (1) mindestens ein Teil (5) einer Auswertevorrichtung angeordnet ist, die Intensitätsunterschiede der Strahlung, die von benachbarten Teilflächen der betrachteten Fläche (6) reflektiert werden, ermittelt.Device for carrying out a method for sorting waste paper of different quality and quality, in which different waste paper fractions (7, 8, 9), such as paper (8) and cardboard (9), are carried on at least one sorting belt (1) for conveying the waste paper pieces (7 , 8, 9) and above the sorting belt (1) there are at least one radiation source (3, 4) for irradiating at least one area (6) of the sorting belt (1) and at least one evaluation device (5) which detects the waste paper pieces (7 ) reflected radiation from the individual fractions and assigns the waste paper pieces (7) to a specific waste paper fraction (11, 12) based on the determined data, the radiation source (3, 4) or the evaluation device (5) in the conveying direction (2) At least one sorting device (10) is arranged downstream of the sorting belt (1), characterized in that at least one part (5) of an evaluation device is arranged above the sorting belt (1), the differences in intensity of the radiation, which are reflected by adjacent partial surfaces of the surface (6) under consideration, are determined. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlungsquelle (3, 4) sichtbares Licht ausstrahlt. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the radiation source (3, 4) emits visible light. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswertevorrichtung eine Kamera (5) aufweist.Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the evaluation device has a camera (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswertevorrichtung eine Zeilenkamera (5) aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the evaluation device has a line camera (5). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Sortiereinrichtung zumindest eine Einrichtung (10) zur Erzeugung einer Luftströmung beinhaltet.Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a sorting device includes at least one device (10) for generating an air flow. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Einrichtungen als Blaseinrichtungen, wie Druckdüsen, insbesondere Druckluftdüsen (10), und/oder als Saugeinrichtungen, wie Unterdruckdüsen (14), Ventilatoren oder Pumpen, ausgebildet sind.Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that these devices are designed as blowing devices, such as pressure nozzles, in particular compressed air nozzles (10), and / or as suction devices, such as vacuum nozzles (14), fans or pumps. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Sortiereinrichtung mit einer oder mehreren Aufnahmevorrichtungen, wie mechanischen Greifzangen, Saugern, Klemmwalzen, Nadelgreifern oder elektrostatischen Aufnahmevorrichtungen, ausgestattet ist.Device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that at least one sorting device is equipped with one or more pick-up devices, such as mechanical gripping tongs, suction cups, pinch rollers, needle grippers or electrostatic pick-up devices. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die Strahlungsquelle (3, 4) selbst Strahlung in zumindest einem Teilbereich des Frequenzbereichs von Infrarot bis Röntgenstrahlung aussendet und die Auswertevorrichtung (5) auch die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung auswertet.Device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the radiation source (3, 4) itself emits radiation in at least a subrange of the frequency range from infrared to X-rays and the evaluation device (5) also evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine weitere Strahlungsquelle, die Strahlung in zumindest einem Teilbereich des Frequenzbereichs von Infrarot bis Röntgenstrahlung aussendet, und zumindest eine zusätzliche Auswertevorrichtungen, die die Wellenlänge der reflektierten Strahlung auswertet, angeordnet sind.Device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that at least one further radiation source, which emits radiation in at least a subrange of the frequency range from infrared to X-radiation, and at least one additional evaluation device, which evaluates the wavelength of the reflected radiation, are arranged.
EP00107563A 1999-04-30 2000-04-07 Method and apparatus for sorting waste paper Expired - Lifetime EP1048363B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT30099U 1999-04-30
AT30099 1999-04-30
AT0030099U AT3418U1 (en) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SORTING WASTE PAPER

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EP1048363A2 true EP1048363A2 (en) 2000-11-02
EP1048363A3 EP1048363A3 (en) 2004-05-26
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EP (1) EP1048363B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4377027B2 (en)
AT (2) AT3418U1 (en)
DE (1) DE50009892D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2235708T3 (en)
NO (1) NO321399B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4377027B2 (en) 2009-12-02
EP1048363A3 (en) 2004-05-26
NO20002238D0 (en) 2000-04-28
EP1048363B1 (en) 2005-03-30
NO321399B1 (en) 2006-05-08
DE50009892D1 (en) 2005-05-04
AT3418U1 (en) 2000-03-27
EP1048363A9 (en) 2004-07-14
NO20002238L (en) 2000-10-31
JP2000338036A (en) 2000-12-08
ES2235708T3 (en) 2005-07-16
ATE291969T1 (en) 2005-04-15
US6506991B1 (en) 2003-01-14

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