EP0999774A1 - Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form - Google Patents

Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form

Info

Publication number
EP0999774A1
EP0999774A1 EP98941897A EP98941897A EP0999774A1 EP 0999774 A1 EP0999774 A1 EP 0999774A1 EP 98941897 A EP98941897 A EP 98941897A EP 98941897 A EP98941897 A EP 98941897A EP 0999774 A1 EP0999774 A1 EP 0999774A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
spoon
shrink film
package
hot water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98941897A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonius Johannes Maria Peters
Jan Adolf Ernst Sperna Weiland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sara Lee DE NV
Original Assignee
Sara Lee DE NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sara Lee DE NV filed Critical Sara Lee DE NV
Publication of EP0999774A1 publication Critical patent/EP0999774A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • B65D85/804Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
    • B65D85/808Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package for immersion in the liquid to release part or all of their contents, e.g. tea bags
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47GHOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00Table-ware
    • A47G21/004Table-ware comprising food additives to be used with foodstuff

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form, comprising a container, open on at least one side, for a product in liquid and/or solid form which can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water, and a seal for this container.
  • Such packages are generally known and comprise a seal which must typically be opened manually for releasing the contents .
  • a seal which must typically be opened manually for releasing the contents .
  • the seal releases the product in water having a temperature of between about 30 and 100°C and preferably between 70 and 100°C.
  • the product that can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water can be present in the container both in liquid form and in solid form, in particular in powder or granule form.
  • the package according to the invention can be used for preparing hot beverages, such as coffee, in which case the container can contain a coffee extract as well as coffee in powder form (instant coffee) , or milk, which can likewise be present in the container in liquid form as well as in powder form.
  • a coffee extract with coffee creamer and/or sugar are also possible, or various other substances may be added to the coffee extract for giving the coffee a special flavor, such as chocolate or liqueurs.
  • An altogether different use is filling the container with bath soap or bath foam; in this case, too, the container can be introduced into the bath filled with hot water, whereupon the seal comes loose and the contents of the container can mix with the bath water.
  • the seal may be formed by a film connected to the container by gluing and/or fusion welding, with the glued and/or fusion-welded connection coming loose in hot water, according to the invention it is preferred that the seal be formed by a shrink film which bursts or tears open in hot water, or clears the open side of the container otherwise, such that the contents of the package are released.
  • shrink films can be use for this, such as for instance shrink films of polyethene terephthalate (PET) , oriented polystyrene (OPS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) .
  • Suitable types of adhesive are: a hot melt adhesive based on, for instance, ethylene vinyl acetate or a dispersion adhesive based on polyvinyl acetate.
  • the shrink film can be connected to the container by sealing (fusion welding), gluing or shrinking. When both the container and the shrink film are manufactured from plastic, the connection is preferably realized through sealing and/or gluing. If the container is manufactured from glass, earthenware or metal, a glued seal will be eligible. However, in both cases a shrink seal is possible as well; the shrink film can then for instance be provided around an outwardly projecting edge of the container and fixed around that edge through shrinking.
  • the container comprises a circumferential edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, while the opening of the container is closed off by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that at least a part of the connection between the shrink film and said edge comes loose in hot water under the influence of the shrinkage force of the shrink film.
  • a part of the connection between the shrink film and said edge comes loose, the effect achieved is that the shrink film does not come loose from_ the container entirely, while the contents of the package can nevertheless mix with the hot water or dissolve therein. This has the advantage that when the empty container is subsequently removed from the hot water, the shrink film does not remain behind in the water.
  • the container likewise comprises a circumferential edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, while the opening of the container is closed by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that the connection between the shrink film and said edge remains fixed in hot water, but the shrink film bursts or tears open.
  • the glued or fusion-welded connection should be considerably stronger than in the first case.
  • the shrink film when an outwardly directed, circumferential edge is present, in particular in the case last-mentioned, the shrink film can be folded around this edge and can have its folded-around part connected, through gluing or sealing, to the edge, i.e. to the side thereof facing away from the opening of the container, in other words to the lower side of the edge, it is preferred that the shrink film be connected to the same side of the edge as the side faced by the opening of the container, i.e. to the upper side of the edge.
  • the container comprises a handgrip for removing the opened and empty container, together with the shrink film, from the hot water with which the contents of the package have mixed or in which the contents of the package have dissolved.
  • the shape of the container can be chosen at random, it is favorable when the container has the shape of a spoon, in particular when the package with contents serves for preparing hot beverages, such as coffee.
  • the hollow portion of the spoon can then for instance contain the coffee extract and be sealed by the shrink film, while the spoon can by its handle readily be inserted into a cup of hot water and, after the hollow portion of the spoon has opened and the coffee extract has mixed with the hot water, readily be removed therefrom again.
  • the shape of the container can be relatively simple, it can for instance have a blocked shape; however, precisely for such application, other shapes may also be possible and attractive from a commercial viewpoint .
  • the hollow portion of the spoon When the container has the shape of a spoon, the hollow portion of the spoon will be sealed by a shrink film, the connection of the shrink film to the edge of the hollow portion of the spoon and the part of the spoon handle connecting thereto preferably being such that when the spoon is introduced into hot water, the product in the hollow portion of the spoon is released, while the connection of the shrink film to the part of the spoon handle that connects to the hollow portion of the spoon remains at least partially intact .
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a package in the form of a spoon according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a top plan view of this spoon, with the film used for sealing indicated in broken lines.
  • the Figures show a package according to the invention in the form of a plastic spoon 1, built up of a hollow portion 2 with an upper edge 3 and a handle 4.
  • the hollow portion 2 is filled with a coffee extract (not shown in the Figures) and sealed with a shrink film 5, indicated in Fig. 2 in broken lines.
  • the shrink film is sealed around the hollow portion 2 on the edge 3 of the hollow portion 2 and on the part 6, connecting thereto, of the handle 4.
  • the fusion-welded connection between the shrink film 5 and the upper edge 3 of the spoon 1 comes loose, while the shrink film largely clears the upper side of the hollow portion 2 under the influence of the shrinkage force, causing the contents of the spoon 1, i.e. the coffee extract, to mix with the hot water in the cup.
  • This mixing can be further improved by making a stirring movement in the cup with the spoon 1.
  • the spoon 1 with the shrink film 5 still connected thereto can be removed from the cup.
  • the shrink film 5 remaining fixed on the part 6 of the handle 1 may be due to the much larger surface area over which the shrink film 5 is sealed to this part 6 in comparison with the narrow upper edge 3 of the spoon 1.
  • the dimensions of the spoon are preferably adjusted to the sectional dimensions of a coffee cup and that the amount of coffee extract and the concentration thereof are preferably adjusted to an average strength of the coffee.
  • the shrink film may be provided with a print of ink or like colorants that are water- insoluble also under high temperatures.
  • the spoon 1 may be manufactured from, for instance, metal bearing the manufacturer's emblem; the shrink film may then be fastened by gluing or shrinking. As the spoon is intended for being handled by the user himself, it is useful from a hygienic viewpoint to provide a secondary package around the spoon.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

A package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form, comprising a container, open on at least one side, for a product in liquid and/or solid form which can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water, and a seal (5) for this container preferably formed from a film (5), in particular a shrink film (5). This seal (5) releases the product in water having a temperature of between about 30 and 100 °C and preferably between 70 and 100 °C. When the container has the shape of a spoon (1) and a coffee extract is provided in the hollow portion (2) thereof, while the seal (5) is realized by a film (5), a package is obtained by means of which a cup of hot coffee can be prepared in a quick and simple manner.

Description

Title: Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form.
The present invention relates to a package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form, comprising a container, open on at least one side, for a product in liquid and/or solid form which can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water, and a seal for this container.
Such packages are generally known and comprise a seal which must typically be opened manually for releasing the contents . When the contents are intended for being mixed with or dissolved in hot water in some measured amount, which usually also involves stirring, a number of operations are required therefor, which operations are often experienced as laborious. Such situation for instance occurs during the preparation of so-called instant coffee. It is the object of the invention to limit this drawback to a considerable extent. To that end, in accordance with the invention, the package as described in the preamble is characterized in that the seal releases the product in water having a temperature of between about 30 and 100°C and preferably between 70 and 100°C. The product that can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water can be present in the container both in liquid form and in solid form, in particular in powder or granule form. By introducing the package containing the product into hot water, the package is opened, the product is released and the product can mix with the hot water or dissolve therein.
The package according to the invention can be used for preparing hot beverages, such as coffee, in which case the container can contain a coffee extract as well as coffee in powder form (instant coffee) , or milk, which can likewise be present in the container in liquid form as well as in powder form. Of course, combinations of, for instance, a coffee extract with coffee creamer and/or sugar are also possible, or various other substances may be added to the coffee extract for giving the coffee a special flavor, such as chocolate or liqueurs. An altogether different use is filling the container with bath soap or bath foam; in this case, too, the container can be introduced into the bath filled with hot water, whereupon the seal comes loose and the contents of the container can mix with the bath water.
Although the seal may be formed by a film connected to the container by gluing and/or fusion welding, with the glued and/or fusion-welded connection coming loose in hot water, according to the invention it is preferred that the seal be formed by a shrink film which bursts or tears open in hot water, or clears the open side of the container otherwise, such that the contents of the package are released. All types of known shrink films can be use for this, such as for instance shrink films of polyethene terephthalate (PET) , oriented polystyrene (OPS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) . Suitable types of adhesive are: a hot melt adhesive based on, for instance, ethylene vinyl acetate or a dispersion adhesive based on polyvinyl acetate. The shrink film can be connected to the container by sealing (fusion welding), gluing or shrinking. When both the container and the shrink film are manufactured from plastic, the connection is preferably realized through sealing and/or gluing. If the container is manufactured from glass, earthenware or metal, a glued seal will be eligible. However, in both cases a shrink seal is possible as well; the shrink film can then for instance be provided around an outwardly projecting edge of the container and fixed around that edge through shrinking. Preferably, the container comprises a circumferential edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, while the opening of the container is closed off by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that at least a part of the connection between the shrink film and said edge comes loose in hot water under the influence of the shrinkage force of the shrink film. When in particular a part of the connection between the shrink film and said edge comes loose, the effect achieved is that the shrink film does not come loose from_ the container entirely, while the contents of the package can nevertheless mix with the hot water or dissolve therein. This has the advantage that when the empty container is subsequently removed from the hot water, the shrink film does not remain behind in the water.
In another embodiment, the container likewise comprises a circumferential edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, while the opening of the container is closed by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that the connection between the shrink film and said edge remains fixed in hot water, but the shrink film bursts or tears open. In the latter case, the glued or fusion-welded connection should be considerably stronger than in the first case.
Although, when an outwardly directed, circumferential edge is present, in particular in the case last-mentioned, the shrink film can be folded around this edge and can have its folded-around part connected, through gluing or sealing, to the edge, i.e. to the side thereof facing away from the opening of the container, in other words to the lower side of the edge, it is preferred that the shrink film be connected to the same side of the edge as the side faced by the opening of the container, i.e. to the upper side of the edge. In particular when the package with contents serves for preparing hot beverages, such as coffee, it is favorable when the container comprises a handgrip for removing the opened and empty container, together with the shrink film, from the hot water with which the contents of the package have mixed or in which the contents of the package have dissolved.
Although the shape of the container can be chosen at random, it is favorable when the container has the shape of a spoon, in particular when the package with contents serves for preparing hot beverages, such as coffee. The hollow portion of the spoon can then for instance contain the coffee extract and be sealed by the shrink film, while the spoon can by its handle readily be inserted into a cup of hot water and, after the hollow portion of the spoon has opened and the coffee extract has mixed with the hot water, readily be removed therefrom again. If the package is for instance used for introducing liquid soap into a hot bath, the shape of the container can be relatively simple, it can for instance have a blocked shape; however, precisely for such application, other shapes may also be possible and attractive from a commercial viewpoint . When the container has the shape of a spoon, the hollow portion of the spoon will be sealed by a shrink film, the connection of the shrink film to the edge of the hollow portion of the spoon and the part of the spoon handle connecting thereto preferably being such that when the spoon is introduced into hot water, the product in the hollow portion of the spoon is released, while the connection of the shrink film to the part of the spoon handle that connects to the hollow portion of the spoon remains at least partially intact . The invention will now be specified with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a package in the form of a spoon according to the invention; while
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of this spoon, with the film used for sealing indicated in broken lines.
The Figures show a package according to the invention in the form of a plastic spoon 1, built up of a hollow portion 2 with an upper edge 3 and a handle 4. The hollow portion 2 is filled with a coffee extract (not shown in the Figures) and sealed with a shrink film 5, indicated in Fig. 2 in broken lines. The shrink film is sealed around the hollow portion 2 on the edge 3 of the hollow portion 2 and on the part 6, connecting thereto, of the handle 4. When the spoon 1 is inserted into a cup of hot water, of preferably between 70 and 100°C, the fusion-welded connection between the shrink film 5 and the upper edge 3 of the spoon 1 comes loose, while the shrink film largely clears the upper side of the hollow portion 2 under the influence of the shrinkage force, causing the contents of the spoon 1, i.e. the coffee extract, to mix with the hot water in the cup. This mixing can be further improved by making a stirring movement in the cup with the spoon 1. After that, the spoon 1 with the shrink film 5 still connected thereto can be removed from the cup. The shrink film 5 remaining fixed on the part 6 of the handle 1 may be due to the much larger surface area over which the shrink film 5 is sealed to this part 6 in comparison with the narrow upper edge 3 of the spoon 1. However, this would mean that if the spoon 1 remains in the hot water only long enough, there is still a chance that the shrink film 5 comes loose from the spoon 1 entirely and ends up in the coffee, which is experienced as being unpleasant. For that reason, it is better to fasten the shrink film onto the spoon in a different manner. During the sealing of the shrink film 5 onto the part 6, a greater pressure force can be exerted than during the sealing of the shrink film onto the upper edge 3. Also, the shrink film 5 may be sealed onto the upper edge 3 but glued onto the part 6.
It will be readily understood that the dimensions of the spoon are preferably adjusted to the sectional dimensions of a coffee cup and that the amount of coffee extract and the concentration thereof are preferably adjusted to an average strength of the coffee. Of course, it is possible to vary the contents of the spoon 1 with respect to coffee strength or additions of, for instance, sugar or coffee creamer, and hence to manufacture a diversity of spoons. In particular for commercial purposes, the shrink film may be provided with a print of ink or like colorants that are water- insoluble also under high temperatures. Also for commercial purposes, the spoon 1 may be manufactured from, for instance, metal bearing the manufacturer's emblem; the shrink film may then be fastened by gluing or shrinking. As the spoon is intended for being handled by the user himself, it is useful from a hygienic viewpoint to provide a secondary package around the spoon.

Claims

Claims
1. A package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form, comprising a container, open on at least one side, for a product in liquid and/or solid form which can be mixed with or dissolved in hot water, and a seal for said container, characterized in that the seal releases the product in water having a temperature of between about 30 and 100┬░C and preferably between 70 and 100┬░C.
2. A package according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal is formed by a film connected to the container by gluing and/or fusion-welding, the glued and/or fusion-welded connection coming loose in hot water.
3. A package according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal is formed by a shrink film which in hot water bursts or tears open or otherwise clears the open side of the container, such that the contents of the package are released.
4. A package according to claim 3, characterized in that the shrink film is connected to the container by sealing, gluing or shrinking.
5. A package according to claim 4, characterized in that the container comprises an outwardly projecting edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, and the opening of the container is closed off by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that at least a part of the connection between the shrink film and said edge comes loose in hot water under the influence of the shrinkage force of the shrink film.
6. A package according to claim 4, characterized in that the container comprises an outwardly projecting edge forming a joining surface with the shrink film, and the opening of the container is closed off by a gluing or fusion-welding operation such that the connection between the shrink film and said edge remains fixed in hot water, but that the shrink film bursts or tears open.
7. A package according to claim 6, characterized in that the shrink film is connected to the same side of the edge as the side faced by the opening of the container.
8. A package according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container comprises a handgrip for removing the opened and empty container, together with the film, from the hot water with which the contents of the package are mixed or in which the contents of the package are dissolved.
9. A package according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container has the shape of a spoon.
10. A package according to claim 8, characterized in that the hollow portion of the spoon is sealed by a film, the connection of the film to the edge of the hollow portion of the spoon and to the part of the spoon handle connecting thereto being such that when the spoon is introduced into hot water, the product in the hollow portion of the spoon is released, while the connection of the film to the part of the spoon handle connecting to the hollow portion of the spoon remains at least partially intact.
EP98941897A 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form Ceased EP0999774A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1006874 1997-08-28
NL1006874A NL1006874C2 (en) 1997-08-28 1997-08-28 Packaging for a product in liquid and / or solid form, in particular in powder or granulate form.
PCT/NL1998/000482 WO1999011167A1 (en) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0999774A1 true EP0999774A1 (en) 2000-05-17

Family

ID=19765562

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98941897A Ceased EP0999774A1 (en) 1997-08-28 1998-08-27 Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0999774A1 (en)
AU (1) AU9005598A (en)
NL (1) NL1006874C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999011167A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1024160C2 (en) 2003-08-25 2005-02-28 Sara Lee De Nv Preparation of a drink suitable for consumption.
DE102007047620A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Güntert, Bruno Snow container
US8898912B2 (en) * 2011-08-29 2014-12-02 Adam Leffler Spoon delivery device

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH482428A (en) * 1967-07-24 1969-12-15 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Bags for brewed goods, in particular tea
DE2456209A1 (en) * 1974-11-28 1976-08-12 Geb Oehm Margot Wichmann Container with provision for automatic opening - has adhesive action between opening part and body interrupted by hot fluid or gas added to contents
GB8726096D0 (en) * 1987-11-06 1987-12-09 Koska & Watts Ltd Packages of sugar syrups &c
SE465618B (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-10-07 Borg Production Ab PACKAGING FOR PRESSURE
US5125534A (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-06-30 Rose Barry L Beverage flavoring and dispensing apparatus and method of construction
GB2257020A (en) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-06 Li Chen Sung A disposable spoon with condiment
DE9209617U1 (en) * 1992-07-17 1992-11-19 Rother, Ragna, 6500 Mainz, De

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9911167A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999011167A1 (en) 1999-03-11
NL1006874C2 (en) 1999-03-02
AU9005598A (en) 1999-03-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8871285B2 (en) Method for making a two component beverage and associated two compartment container
US8906436B2 (en) Single serve beverage additive cartridge
EP1608569B1 (en) Single-dose plastic capsule for powdered coffee and the like
US3683889A (en) Heating container
US8127663B2 (en) Apparatus for brewing and method for making the same
US5243164A (en) Beverage maker
TWI301401B (en) A capsule to be used to prepare an infused beverage
JP6937755B2 (en) Beverage preparation system and capsules
US20020050514A1 (en) Spill-proof disposable cup with integral sealing flap
WO2000069728A2 (en) Food container
GB2374856A (en) Production of edible foams
PL204602B1 (en) Cartridge and method for the preparation of beverages
AU2008291981B2 (en) Cup including a compartment in the form of an inverted cup
WO1999011167A1 (en) Package for a product in liquid and/or solid form, in particular in powder or granule form
US20160347538A1 (en) Cup with a cup inset for preparing a liquid in the cup
EP0212932A2 (en) Cup for the preparation of beverages
JPH0398871A (en) Container and small container for additive and carbonated beverage using said containers
WO2004074111A2 (en) Containers for use in the storage and preparation of consumables
EP0254446A1 (en) Cup for the preparation of beverages
GB2168027A (en) Food packaging
KR200443066Y1 (en) One Time Packing Courage for Soluble or Extract Drink
FR2639002A1 (en) Method of manufacturing a demoulding container and containers obtained according to this method
EP2588387A1 (en) Package and packaging unit
JPH08119252A (en) Paper cup and food package
EP0329726A1 (en) Brewing improvement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20000225

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20010917

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20020129