EP0807367B1 - Heating element with a diffusing plate, and method for assembling same - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to the field of heating assemblies electrical in general and applies more particularly to assemblies electric heaters comprising at least one diffusing plate and at least a heating element fixed against said plate. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, a cover plate is also provided.

It also relates to the method of assembling such a heating assembly electric.

PRIOR ART

Electric heating assemblies with diffusing plates are already known. One of the drawbacks of these sets lies in the complexity of the method of assembling the various constituent elements. Indeed, in the in most cases the heating elements are attached to another element such as a support, for example by welding. The realization of such a weld requires sophisticated tools and involves a long and costly procedure. This operation greatly affects the aesthetic appearance of the attached elements, and, is the source of many quality problems.

There are also known heating elements which are fixed by crimping, bonding, or by means of riveted, screwed, welded fasteners, etc. In such In this case, the resulting assembly often has certain weaknesses in terms of the cohesion between the elements which can considerably affect the durability of the product. In addition, the many parts required for assembly Often complicate it and make it expensive.

It is also known from document US-2,851,572 a process assembly of a heating assembly according to the preamble of claim 1. The latter is however produced by sintering. This implementation technique, where the materials, initially in the form of compacted powder, undergo a long cycle of transformation under pressure and temperature, is complex and requires a consequent elaboration time, inducing significant costs to realize this assembly function.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is precisely to remedy the drawbacks and / or the aforementioned limitations, and proposes a method making it possible to produce an assembly electric heater comprising at least one diffusing plate and at least one heating element fixed against said plate, said assembly being produced by hot stamping. The invention also provides the electric heating assembly assembled by hot stamping resulting.

• n'est pas préformé
  ou
• est préformé dans au moins une portion de la plaque diffusante et/ou, selon une forme avantageuse de l'invention,
• est préformé dans au moins une portion de la plaque de recouvrement.

According to the embodiments of the invention, diffusing plates can be used in which the profile of the heating element:

• is not preformed
  or
• is preformed in at least a portion of the diffusing plate and / or, according to an advantageous form of the invention,
• is preformed in at least a portion of the cover plate.

In the latter two cases, a groove is then preformed in the plate or plates in question. The path of the throat is advantageously similar to that of the corresponding heating element. Under the effect of striking, the material of the diffusing plate interferes at least partially around the elements heating by creep of this material. In special cases where a throat is preformed, the material of the diffusing plate fills the portion of the groove initially left free by the heating element, so as to surround at least partially this one. In this way, a resistant and durable fixing is obtained.

Furthermore, as described later, the striking tool is advantageously shaped according to the profile of the heating element, in particular for the purpose of minimize the stresses suffered by the latter during typing.

Another object of the invention is to propose an electric heating assembly which is perfectly waterproof.

In order to achieve these goals, a method of assembling an assembly is provided. electric heater comprising the features of claim 1.

An electric heating assembly is also provided, assembled according to the process described above, comprising at least one diffusing plate of material metallic, and at least one heating element placed against said plate, characterized in that the assembly is maintained by an intimate mechanical connection between the diffusing plate and the heating element (s).

The applications of this electric heating assembly are innumerable. Through example, in the field of household appliances, it can be used in particular with steam generators (for ironing, cleaning, etc.), coffee makers, kettles, steaming vessels (pressure or no) such as pressure cookers, as well as all kinds of cooking vessels heaters such as frying pans, pots, wok, fryers, hotplates, hobs of particular shapes such as meat grills, waffle irons, crepe makers, ovens, radiant panels for electric heating, soles of iron, and in general, any device comprising a crimped or overmolded heating element, etc.

SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'un exemple d'un ensemble chauffant électrique selon l'invention, après assemblage par frappe à chaud; la figure 1' représente le même exemple comprenant en plus une plaque de recouvrement.
• la figure 2 représente un ensemble similaire ainsi que les matrices de la presse avant assemblage final par frappe à chaud; la figure 2' représente le même ensemble comprenant en plus une plaque de recouvrement.
• la figure 3 illustre un panneau radiant réalisé à l'aide d'un ensemble chauffant électrique selon l'invention dont l'élément chauffant est en forme de serpentin; la figure 3' représente le même panneau comprenant en plus une plaque de recouvrement.
• la figure 4 illustre une semelle de fer à repasser réalisée à l'aide d'un ensemble chauffant électrique selon l'invention; la figure 4' illustre la même semelle, comprenant en plus une plaque de recouvrement.
• les figures 5a et 5b illustrent un ensemble chauffant électrique selon l'invention avant assemblage par frappe à chaud, où au moins une gorge dont la forme correspond avantageusement au profil de l'élément chauffant:
  • à la figure 5a, n'est pas préformée dans la plaque diffusante;
  • à la figure 5b, est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque diffusante.
• les figures 5a', 5b', 5c' illustrent un ensemble chauffant électrique selon l'invention, avec plaque de recouvrement, avant assemblage par frappe à chaud, où au moins une gorge dont la forme correspond avantageusement au profil de l'élément chauffant :
  • à la figure 5a', n'est pas préformée dans les plaques de l'ensemble;
  • à la figure 5b', est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque diffusante;
  • à la figure 5c', est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque de recouvrement.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly in the light of the description and of the drawings which follow, illustrating, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the invention. Thus, reference is made to Figures 1 to 5, where:

• Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an example of an electric heating assembly according to the invention, after assembly by hot stamping; Figure 1 'shows the same example further comprising a cover plate.
• FIG. 2 represents a similar assembly as well as the dies of the press before final assembly by hot stamping; Figure 2 'shows the same assembly further comprising a cover plate.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a radiant panel produced using an electric heating assembly according to the invention, the heating element of which is in the form of a coil; Figure 3 'shows the same panel further comprising a cover plate.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an iron soleplate produced using an electric heating assembly according to the invention; Figure 4 'illustrates the same sole, further comprising a cover plate.
• FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate an electric heating assembly according to the invention before assembly by hot striking, where at least one groove whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the heating element:
  • in Figure 5a, is not preformed in the diffusing plate;
  • in Figure 5b, is preformed in at least a portion of the diffusing plate.
• FIGS. 5a ', 5b', 5c 'illustrate an electric heating assembly according to the invention, with cover plate, before assembly by hot stamping, where at least one groove whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the heating element:
  • in Figure 5a ', is not preformed in the plates of the assembly;
  • in Figure 5b ', is preformed in at least a portion of the diffusing plate;
  • in Figure 5c ', is preformed in at least a portion of the cover plate.

BEST WAY TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION

Referring to Figure 1, the electric heater assembly according to the invention comprises a diffusing plate 1, preferably produced using a metallic material with good malleability when heated to moderate temperature. It may for example be an alloy plate aluminum or copper whose shape can vary according to a very wide range of possibilities depending on the intended use of the set.

One (or more) heating element 4 is disposed against the diffusing plate 1 (the singular used in the rest of this application for reasons of simplification actually means either possibility). It is preferably an armored heating element of known type. The radial section of the element heater may be substantially circular, triangular or the like. The path followed by the heating element in the plane varies according to the modes of execution. It can be a circular path, a path in serpentine, oval or any shape. It is also possible to provide several heating elements, arranged for example side by side or still in concentric circles.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, plates are used not preformed. The strike then has the effect of causing a partial movement material around the heating element and / or to penetrate at least partially the heating element in the diffusing plate.

• n'est pas préformée, tel qu'illustré à la figure 5a;
  ou
• est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque diffusante tel qu'illustré à la figure 5b;

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, diffusing plates can be used in which at least one groove whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the heating element:

• is not preformed, as shown in Figure 5a;
  or
• is preformed in at least a portion of the diffusing plate as illustrated in FIG. 5b;

In the latter case, one or more grooves 3 are then preformed in the plates in question, so as to form a housing in which rests at minus a portion of the radial section of the corresponding heating element. The groove path is advantageously similar to that of the element corresponding heater.

The striking dies 10 are advantageously shaped as a function of the desired final outline of the whole. It is therefore advantageous to preform the grooves in the diffusing plate according to the desired final contour. Under the effect of striking, the material of the diffusing plate fills the portion of the groove initially left free by the heating element, so as to surround at at least partially this one.

Thus, in particular in the case of FIG. 5a, where no groove is preformed in the plates of the assembly, the striking tool is advantageously shaped with a groove whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the element heating.

We can obviously combine the various variants in order to preform the grooves in the most suitable place, according to the intended use of the set resulting electric heater.

The grooves 3 or 3 'are shaped and arranged so as to minimize the deformations undergone by the casing 5 (fig. 1 and 1 ') of the heating element 4 so that these deformations remain within acceptable limits, in particular in the purpose of avoiding any short circuit between the casing 5 and the core 6 of the element heating 4.

The diffusing plate 1 plays in particular a role of conduction and distribution of thermal energy. In this way, thanks to a larger surface of transmission, avoiding unfavorable local overheating zones. For this reason, it is advantageous to use a material having good thermal conductivity characteristics.

Depending on the intended use of the heating thermal assembly, the diffusing plate can fulfill a multiplicity of other functions. So it can be a plate substantially flat serving for example as a support on which a object intended to be heated, such as for example a cooking vessel. he can also be the bottom of a container. In this case, the outline of the plate can be shaped to serve as walls for the container.

Otherwise, rather than serving directly as the bottom of a container as in the previous case, the plate can also be juxtaposed to another element, itself serving as the bottom of a container. This variant allows to adapt with a great ease the heating assembly according to the invention to a multiplicity elements, in particular in order to obtain heating characteristics optimal.

In all of these examples, the diffusing plate makes it possible in particular to transmit the thermal energy generated by the heating element from it towards the free surface 9 of the diffusing plate 1.

The electric heating unit can also be configured according to other types of applications, to serve for example as a heating panel. In such a case, it is advantageous to isolate the external face of the plate 2 and provide a support means allowing the assembly to be arranged vertically.

The free face 9 of the diffusing plate 1 is then advantageously configured to in order to optimize the heat transmission surface, for example with a profile with a series of fins, as illustrated in Figure 3.

Once the strike is made, we will often want to protect and / or isolate the face free of the heating element, in particular for safety reasons. So he is advantageous to have an added element so as to cover this free face.

Furthermore, according to another embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the assembly electric heater is configured to form the body of an iron soleplate to redo. According to this embodiment, the conductive material, for example a aluminum alloy, is advantageously placed against an attached plate 20 for example stainless steel. Plate 20, arranged against the free face 12 of the diffusing plate and struck simultaneously with the other elements of the whole serves as a sole. For this reason, it is preferable to use a sole plate of known type whose properties of sliding and resistance to wear are advantageous. It is also possible to fix the plate 20 after striking, for example by gluing, riveting or screwing.

The ends 7 (fig. 1) of the heating element can be folded in a direction opposite to plate 1 and thus move away from the assembly. The tips thus arranged can be used for a standard type connection. The tips 7 can also extend in the plane of the assembly for exit by the side of it. The hitting dies are then provided with clearances to avoid any damage that could be caused to said tips.

Furthermore, according to various variants, it is planned to insert sensors, in particular temperature sensors, enabling regulation and / or the safety of the heating assembly. These sensors, of known type, can be inserted between plates 1 and 2, for example near the heating element.

Figure 2 illustrates the process used to assemble the different elements constituents of the electric heating assembly according to the invention.

As already described, an assembly consisting of a plate 1 is used and at least a heating element 4, the plate whether or not comprising one or more grooves 3 preformed.

According to an advantageous alternative embodiment, provision is made for prepositioning or pre-assemble the heating elements against the plate by any suitable means of known type, such as by welding 8 (fig. 2 '), by gluing, crimping, etc., to facilitate the striking process.

It may be advantageous to use an appropriate lubricant of known type in order to to avoid any problem of adhesion of one or other of the elements of the assembly against striking tools.

The hot stamping is then carried out.

This hot stamping is advantageously carried out at a temperature allowing optimal creep of the material constituting the diffusing plate 1. For aluminum and its alloys, this temperature is between 400 ° C and 500 ° C and preferably around 455 ° C.

The assembly of the different elements by hot stamping allows the whole is maintained by an intimate mechanical connection between the diffusing plate 1 and the adjoining portion of the heating elements 4.

As illustrated in Figure 1, under the effect of striking, the material of the plate diffusing at least partially interferes around the heating element by creep of this material. Figure 1 illustrates the result obtained with an element heater of substantially triangular section. In this case, the material of the plate 1, after creep, partially surrounds the edges of the heating element.

Figure 4 illustrates the result obtained with a heating element of substantially circular section arranged against a plate forming a sole of iron.

Hot stamping therefore has a multiple effect: strong cohesion between the heating element 4 and the adjacent portion of the diffusing plate 1, in particular the portion of the groove 3 filled by creep of the material of the diffusing plate. The resulting electric heating assembly therefore has a very large cohesion. It is also strong, stable and durable. Furthermore, the simplicity and the speed of the hot stamping process allows a wide range to be obtained of different embodiments, at a very advantageous cost. The process of hot typing also lends itself well to automation.

A second advantageous embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 1 'to 5'. In these figures, the elements corresponding to those of Figures 1 to 5 have the same reference numbers. A cover plate 2 is arranged against the first plate, so as to cover the heating element. It is a plate made of a harder alloy than that of the plate diffusing 1, so as to promote the creep of the plate 1 during assembly, as described below. So we use a metal plate 2 advantageously made of steel.

The cover plate advantageously occupies the entire covered area by the diffusing plate. It can extend more or less over the sides, as shown in Figure 1 ', so as to allow the formation of an edge 11 by example. It can also cover a smaller area and / or present openings or clearances where the plate 1 is free. We obtain then only a partial covering of the plate 1. According to various modes of realization, it is also possible to provide several plates of cover 2 arranged on the side of the heating element and / or even against the free face 9 of the diffusing plate 1 as described later in the example of an iron soleplate.

• n'est pas préformée, tel qu'illustré à la figure 5a';
• est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque diffusante tel qu'illustré à la figure 5b';
  et/ou
• est préformée dans au moins une portion de la plaque de recouvrement, tel qu'illustré à la figure 5c';

According to the multiple variants of this second embodiment of the invention, it is possible to use diffusing and covering plates in which at least one groove whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the heating element:

• is not preformed, as illustrated in Figure 5a ';
• is preformed in at least a portion of the diffusing plate as illustrated in FIG. 5b ';
  and or
• is preformed in at least a portion of the cover plate, as illustrated in FIG. 5c ';

In the latter two cases, one or more grooves 3 are then preformed in the or the plates in question, so as to form a housing in which rests at least a portion of the radial section of the corresponding heating element. The path of the groove is advantageously similar to that of the element corresponding heater. If you use a rather rigid cover plate and thick, the preformed grooves have the advantage of protecting the heating element placed in this groove during striking.

The striking dies 10 are advantageously shaped as a function of the desired final contour of the cover plate and of the whole assembly. It is therefore advantageous to preform the grooves 3 'in the image of the desired final contour. In this case, the heating element benefits from a protection minimizing the deformations it could undergo during typing, since the plate of covering is for all practical purposes not distorted during typing.

According to a variant of the method, non-preformed plates are used. It is then advantageous to use a thinner and / or more cover plate flexible, so as to allow this plate to follow the contour of the element heating and / or the one provided on the impact die, avoiding deterioration the heating element when typing. So, especially in the case of the figure 5a ', where no groove is preformed in the plates of the assembly, the strike 10 is advantageously shaped with a groove 3 'whose shape advantageously corresponds to the profile of the heating element.

According to another variant, the groove is provided in the diffusing plate.

We can obviously combine these various variants in order to preform the grooves in the most suitable place, according to the intended use of the set resulting electric heater.

The grooves 3 or 3 'are shaped and arranged so as to minimize the deformations undergone by the casing 5 of the heating element 4 so that these deformations remain within acceptable limits, in particular for the purpose avoid any short circuit between the casing 5 and the core 6 of the heating element 4.

Under the effect of striking, the material of the diffusing plate fills the portion of the groove initially left free by the heating element, so as to surround at at least partially this one.

The diffusing plate 1 plays in particular a role of conduction and distribution of thermal energy. In this way, thanks to a larger surface of transmission, avoiding unfavorable local overheating zones. For this reason, it is advantageous to use a material having good thermal conductivity characteristics. Given the holding effect provided by the addition of at least one attached plate, it is possible to make a heating assembly comprising several diffusing plates 1 juxtaposed to each other. The plates are then preferably placed close immediately relative to each other, or so as to be in contact with each other with the other.

Furthermore, according to another variant of this second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 ′, the electric heating assembly is configured so as to form the body of an iron soleplate. According to this embodiment, the material conductor, for example an aluminum alloy, is advantageously arranged between two cover plates 2 and 20, for example made of stainless steel. The plate 2 plays a role similar to that described above. Plate 20, arranged against the free face 12 of the diffusing plate and struck simultaneously with the other elements of the set, serves as a sole. For this reason, we use preferably a sole plate of a known type whose sliding properties and wear resistance are advantageous. It is also possible to fix the plate 20 after striking, for example by gluing, riveting or screwing.

The ends 7 of the heating element can be folded in a direction opposite plate 1 and exit from the assembly through holes or grooves specially provided for this purpose in the cover plate. The tips thus arranged can be used for a standard type connection. The tips 7 can also extend in the plane of the assembly for exit by the side of it. The hitting dies are provided with clearances to avoid any damage that could be caused to said tips.

Furthermore, according to various variants, it is planned to insert sensors, in particular temperature sensors, enabling regulation and / or the safety of the heating assembly. These sensors, of known type, can be inserted between plates 1 and 2, for example near the element heating.

Figure 2 'illustrates the process used for assembling the different elements constituents of the electric heating assembly according to the invention.

As already described, a set of plates 1 and 2 is used and at least one heating element 4, the plates optionally comprising one or more grooves 3 preformed.

According to an advantageous alternative embodiment, provision is made for prepositioning or pre-assemble the plates by any suitable means of known type, such as example by welding 8, by bonding, crimping, etc., in order to facilitate the realization of the strike.

It may be advantageous to use an appropriate lubricant of known type in order to to avoid any problem of adhesion of one or other of the elements of the assembly against impact tools 10.

The hot stamping is then carried out.

This hot stamping is advantageously carried out at a temperature allowing optimal creep of the material constituting the diffusing plate 1. For aluminum and its alloys, this temperature is between 400 ° C and 500 ° C and preferably around 455 ° C.

In the case where the diffusing plate is made of aluminum, the minimum pressure exerted during striking is advantageously around 250 N / mm ² and the striking speed is generally at least 0.30 m / s.

The assembly of the different elements by hot stamping allows the whole either maintained by an intimate mechanical connection between on the one hand the plate diffusing 1 and the cover plate 2 and on the other hand between the portion adjacent to the plate 1 and the heating element (s) 4.

In the advantageous case where a groove is formed in the plate overlap, the latter being the more rigid of the two plates, conditions allowing both protection of the heating element and creep ease when hot stamping the diffusing plate made of softer material. As illustrated in Figure 1 ', under the effect of striking, the material of the plate diffusing at least partially interferes around the heating element by creep of this material. Indeed, the material of the diffusing plate fills the portion of the throat left free by the heating element. Figure 1 'illustrates the result obtained with a heating element of substantially triangular section. In this case, the material that has partially interfered in the groove surrounds partially the edges of the heating element. Figure 4 'illustrates the result obtained with a heating element of substantially circular section arranged between a set of plates so as to form an iron sole iron.

Hot stamping therefore has a multiple effect: on the one hand, strong cohesion between the diffusing plates 1 and the covering plates 2 and / or 20 reported; on the other hand, strong cohesion between the heating element 4 and the adjacent portion of the diffusing plate 1, in particular the portion of the groove 3 filled by creep of the material of the diffusing plate. This cohesive force also provides an additional clamping effect on the element heater 4 fixedly held between the portion of the cover plate 2 partially surrounding it and the adjacent portion of the diffusing plate 1. The resulting electric heating assembly therefore has a very large cohesion. It is also strong, stable and durable. Furthermore, the simplicity and the speed of the hot stamping process allows a wide range to be obtained of different embodiments, at a very advantageous cost. The process of hot typing also lends itself well to automation.

It should be noted that contrary to what one could have predicted, the hot typing does not damage the heating element. Indeed, the forces and speeds involved in this type of process are such that everything would have led to believe that the heating element would not come out unscathed.

The assembly process and the electric heating assembly according to the invention therefore make it possible to obtain, for example, a heating base or a thermal diffuser which can be regulated according to several heating stages, offering high thermal efficiency and optimal heat distribution and able to support significant powers without decohesion of the assembly long-term.

The shapes and dimensions of the heating assembly may vary depending on of the whole range of corresponding applications.

The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown. Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

POSSIBILITIES OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The invention finds its application in the production of heating assemblies electric.

Claims (17)

1. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly comprising at least one diffusing plate (1) of metal material and at least one heater element (4) disposed against said diffusing plate(s) (1), the method being characterized in that it includes, after the heater elements have been placed against the diffusing plate(s) (1), hot-stamping the electric heater assembly, said hot-stamping being performed at a temperature, a pressure, and a speed of stamping that enable the material of the diffusing plate (1) to flow plastically, thereby providing cohesion between the heater elements and said diffusing plate (1).
2. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to claim 1, in which said temperature for plastic flow lies in the range 400°C to 500°C, and preferably around 455°C.
3. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to claim 1 or 2, in which the hot-stamping is performed with a minimum pressure situated around 250 N/mm².
4. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the hot-stamping is performed at a minimum speed of 0.30 m/s.
5. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which at least two of the component elements of the assembly are pre-positioned or pre-assembled, prior to hot-stamping, by welding (8), adhesive, or crimping.
6. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method including the following preliminary steps:

   at lest one groove (3, 3') for associating with said at least one heater element (4) is pre-formed in at least a portion of said diffusing plate(s) (1) and/or in the stamping tool (10); and

   each heater element (4) associated with a given groove (3, 3') is disposed against the corresponding diffusing plates (1) so as to follow a path substantially similar to that of the corresponding groove.
7. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said assembly further comprising at least one cover plate (2; 20), the method including the following steps:

   the heater elements (4) are disposed between the diffusing plates (1) and the cover plates (2); and

   the assembly is subjected to hot-stamping.
8. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to claim 7, including the following preliminary steps:

   at least one groove (3, 3') for associating with said at least one heater element (4) is pre-formed in at least a portion of said cover plate(s) (2) and/or in at least a portion of said diffusing plate(s) (1) and/or in the stamping tool (10); and

   each heater element (4) associated with a given groove (3, 3') is disposed between the cover plates (2) and the corresponding diffusing plates (1) so as to follow a path substantially similar to that of the corresponding groove (3, 3').
9. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 7, in which, under the effect of the stamping, the material of the diffusing plate (1) is moved at least in part around the heater elements (4) by said material being subject to plastic flow.
10. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to claim 6 or 8, in which, under the effect of stamping, the material of the diffusing plate fills the portion of the groove (3, 3') left empty by the heater element (4) so as to surround it at least in part.
11. A method of assembling an electric heater assembly according to claim 6 or 8, in which said grooves (3, 3') are shaped so as to present a shape corresponding substantially to the outline of the associated heater element (4).
12. An electric heater assembly obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. An electric domestic appliance including an electric heater assembly according to claim 12.
14. An electric domestic appliance according to claim 13, constituting a cooking appliance.
15. An electric domestic appliance according to claim 13, constituting a device for heating a fluid, in particular water.
16. An electric domestic appliance according to claim 13, constituting a radiant heater panel.
17. An electric domestic appliance according to claim 13, constituting a smoothing device, in particular a soleplate for a smoothing iron.

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