EP0715145A1 - Protective device for a vehicle or a structure - Google Patents

Protective device for a vehicle or a structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0715145A1
EP0715145A1 EP95402337A EP95402337A EP0715145A1 EP 0715145 A1 EP0715145 A1 EP 0715145A1 EP 95402337 A EP95402337 A EP 95402337A EP 95402337 A EP95402337 A EP 95402337A EP 0715145 A1 EP0715145 A1 EP 0715145A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
bag
generator
deployable
inflation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95402337A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Girard
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0715145A1 publication Critical patent/EP0715145A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of protective devices for a vehicle or a structure against attack by a munition with a charged charge.
  • Protection devices are already known which are constituted by additional shields, called reactive shields.
  • these shields comprise an explosive sheet disposed between two metal plates (see for example patent US4741244).
  • the projected plate consumes the jet which reduces its perforating power with respect to the wall of the vehicle.
  • Such shields are effective, but their explosive nature imposes constraints from the point of view of security and storage. During their operation, they can also cause damage to soldiers in the vicinity of the vehicle.
  • the initiation is caused by the impact of the charge jet formed itself, that is to say when the charge is in contact with the vehicle. It is then essential to provide for the shielding a relatively large mass of explosive to ensure the consumption of the jet, otherwise the residual effectiveness of the latter may be sufficient to cause damage to the vehicle.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to ensure effective protection against attacks by projectiles with a charge formed whatever the angle of incidence of these charges.
  • the invention also makes it possible to provide such protection to vehicles or light structures without risking inflicting damage on persons and without using detonating materials.
  • the invention also makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of known reactive armor, in particular against military warheads comprising several charges formed in tandem assembly (charge described for example by patent FR2552870).
  • the subject of the invention is a protection device for a vehicle or a structure against attack by a munition with a charged charge, device characterized in that it comprises at least one deployable bag fixed on an external wall of the vehicle or of the structure, a bag which can be inflated by means of a generator in response to the detection of an attack.
  • the generator is a pyrotechnic gas generator which ensures the inflation of the bag.
  • the generator is a generator of a polymerizable foam, foam which ensures the inflation of the bag before solidifying.
  • the generator is a reserve of a pressurized gas connected to the bag by a valve.
  • each deployable bag can be placed in a box which is fixed to the external wall of the vehicle or of the structure by a removable connection means.
  • the connecting means may be unlockable from inside the structure or the vehicle.
  • the deployable bag can cover reactive armor.
  • This variant makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of reactive armor against military warheads comprising several shaped charges mounted in tandem.
  • the device according to the invention will include at least one threat detector which can automatically control the inflation of at least one bag.
  • the device suitable for protecting a vehicle will comprise at least one deployable bag placed on the roof of the vehicle.
  • It may include at least one deployable bag disposed on at least one side or front wall of the vehicle.
  • a vehicle 1 such as a light tracked armored vehicle, has a cassis 2 on which is mounted a turret 3.
  • the tracks 4a, 4b are protected by side panels 5a, 5b.
  • This vehicle is equipped with a protection device according to the invention which comprises protective boxes 6 distributed on the roof 3a and the sides 3b, 3c of the turret, as well as on the chassis 2 and the side panels 5a, 5b.
  • the protection device also includes a threat detector 7 which is mounted on the roof 3a and which can for example include several radar systems having different directions of observation.
  • the threat detector has the function, on the one hand of detecting the approach of the ammunition with shaped charge and on the other hand of determining the direction of attack (by the roof or left side or right side, or by l 'before).
  • the protection device finally comprises an electronic control module (not shown) which receives the information given by the threat detector and which determines the protection box or boxes which must be actuated in response to the threat detected.
  • the electronic module will preferably be placed inside the vehicle and it may include a device for displaying the direction of the threat and a manual emergency command to actuate the boxes.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a box 6 fixed to a wall 8 of the vehicle.
  • the housing here has a substantially parallelepiped shape and it is made for example of plastic (another shape could of course be adopted for the housing, for example a cylindrical shape. It has tabs 9 which allow a removable attachment to the wall 8 , for example with screws.
  • the housing 6 contains a gas generator 10 of the pyrotechnic type.
  • This generator contains a gas generating composition as well as an electric initiator igniter (not shown).
  • the composition will be chosen among the compositions generating a large volume of gas with a limited rise in temperature, for example a composition based on sodium azide.
  • the igniter is connected to an electronic tripping circuit 11 by a conductor 12.
  • the gas generator is intended to inflate a bag 14 which is folded inside the housing 6.
  • the bag is pinched at its edge between a flange 15 of the housing and a flange 16.
  • the fixing of the bag and the flange on the housing can be achieved for example by gluing.
  • the bag is made of a material that is both flexible and resistant, for example polyamide or Kevlar, or an elastic material such as an elastomer.
  • the housing is closed by a cover 17 made of rigid plastic (for example polyvinyl chloride), its thickness is chosen so that it is broken during inflation of the bag.
  • rigid plastic for example polyvinyl chloride
  • the trigger circuit 11 has the function of causing the initiation of the gas generator in response to an order received from the control module.
  • the trigger circuit receives orders from the control module by means of an antenna 13 housed in a groove arranged in the wall of the housing 6.
  • the antenna will be placed outside of it.
  • the trigger circuit 11 will include: an energy source (such as a battery), a receiver stage, a decoding circuit, and a programmable memory in which will be placed information relating to the position of the box on the vehicle.
  • This information is entered when the box is mounted on the vehicle, for example by means of a switch with several positions. It allows for example to distinguish the following cases: box on the roof, box on a left side wall, box on a right side wall, box on the chassis and at the front of the vehicle.
  • the trigger circuit 11 will also include a computer making it possible to compare the order received by radio from the control module with the positioning information of the box which has been stored and to control or not the initiation of the gas generator.
  • a rocket 18 flies over vehicle 1 and releases above it shaped charge submunitions 19 (for example bombs of the type described by patent FR2697079).
  • the threat detector 7 detects the approach of the submunitions 19 above the vehicle.
  • Figure 4b shows the vehicle after inflating the bags in question.
  • the volume of the bags was chosen so that, after their deployment, they occupy a volume such that the submunitions cannot come into contact with the vehicle at least at the level of the sensitive parts (turret, motorization).
  • the volume of the bags is also chosen such that, during the impact of a submunition on a bag, it is located at a distance D from the wall of the vehicle which is greater than the distance of optimal efficiency of the load (which is usually of the order of 2 to 4 calibers).
  • the bags inflated by a pyrotechnic generator usually deploy in around thirty milliseconds (automotive technology). We therefore see that, for a submunition falling at a speed of 50 m / s, it is possible to effectively trigger the deployment of the bags when the closest submunition is less than 2 m from the vehicle. It is therefore possible to choose a threat detector with a reduced range (from 2 to 5 m), which limits its energy consumption and increases the vehicle's discretion.
  • the inflation is only caused when necessary, that is to say the very high probability of the vehicle being hit by a submunition (the detection of submunitions being carried out at close range).
  • the threat detector will determine the direction of attack and the control module will then cause the bags of the boxes arranged at the front to inflate of the chassis or on the side walls considered (right or left) or possibly the inflation of all the bags to counter a missile with a roof attack capability.
  • the threat detector will need to have a range of around 50m. Detection at this distance allows an inflation time of the order of 150 milliseconds, which makes it possible to envisage bags of larger volume or bags using a specific inflation technology of the type of those which will be described below.
  • Patent WO8800882 describes a foam particularly suitable for inflating deployable bags, in particular for quickly making floats.
  • the performance of the detection means will be adapted to the inflation and solidification times which are greater than those encountered with gas generators.
  • Connection pipes will then be provided making it possible to connect the various boxes to the gas reserve.
  • Each box will then include a valve, the opening of which will be controlled by a circuit for triggering the box in response to an order sent by the control module.
  • Springs may then be provided to facilitate the ejection of the rods and of the housings when the latches are released.
  • replacement boxes may be provided on board the vehicle.
  • the device according to the invention can obviously be used to protect fixed structures such as buildings, hangars, mobile shelters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The system consists of at least one deployable bag (14) on the external surface of the vehicle or structure and which can be inflated by a generator in response to a detected attack. The generator can be a pyrotechnic gas generator (10) or a generator of a self-polymerising foam which inflates the bag before it solidifies. In another variant the generator is in the form of a pressurised gas container, linked to the bag through a valve. The inflatable bag is situated in a housing (6) fixed to the outer wall of the vehicle or structure by a coupling which can be dismantled e.g. from the interior of the vehicle/structure.

Description

Le domaine de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs de protection pour un véhicule ou une structure contre l'attaque par une munition à charge formée.The field of the present invention is that of protective devices for a vehicle or a structure against attack by a munition with a charged charge.

On connaît déjà des dispositifs de protection qui sont constitués par des blindages additionnels, dits blindages réactifs. D'une façon connue, ces blindages comportent une feuille d'explosif disposée entre deux plaques métalliques (voir par exemple le brevet US4741244).Protection devices are already known which are constituted by additional shields, called reactive shields. In a known manner, these shields comprise an explosive sheet disposed between two metal plates (see for example patent US4741244).

L'impact d'un jet de charge formée sur un tel blindage provoque l'initiation de l'explosif et la projection d'une plaque métallique contre le jet.The impact of a charge jet formed on such a shield causes the initiation of the explosive and the projection of a metal plate against the jet.

La plaque projetée consomme le jet ce qui diminue son pouvoir perforant vis à vis de la paroi du véhicule.The projected plate consumes the jet which reduces its perforating power with respect to the wall of the vehicle.

De tels blindages sont efficaces, mais leur caractère détonant impose des contraintes du point de vue de la sécurité et du stockage. Lors de leur fonctionnement, ils peuvent également occasionner des dommages aux soldats disposés au voisinage du véhicule.Such shields are effective, but their explosive nature imposes constraints from the point of view of security and storage. During their operation, they can also cause damage to soldiers in the vicinity of the vehicle.

De plus, leur initiation entraîne un choc important sur le véhicule ce qui les rend inadaptés à la protection des véhicules légers ou faiblement blindés. Ils sont d'autant moins adaptés à cette protection que leur masse est élevée.In addition, their initiation causes a significant impact on the vehicle which makes them unsuitable for the protection of light or weakly armored vehicles. They are all the less adapted to this protection as their mass is high.

L'initiation est provoquée par l'impact du jet de charge formée lui même, c'est à dire lorsque la charge se trouve au contact du véhicule. Il est alors indispensable de prévoir pour le blindage une masse d'explosif relativement importante pour assurer la consommation du jet, sinon l'efficacité résiduelle de ce-dernier risque d'être suffisante pour occasionner des dommages au véhicule.The initiation is caused by the impact of the charge jet formed itself, that is to say when the charge is in contact with the vehicle. It is then essential to provide for the shielding a relatively large mass of explosive to ensure the consumption of the jet, otherwise the residual effectiveness of the latter may be sufficient to cause damage to the vehicle.

Enfin l'efficacité de ces blindages n'est assurée que lorsque le jet arrive sur la plaque de blindage avec une certaine incidence. Ainsi un jet perpendiculaire à un blindage réactif le traversera sans atténuation notable.Finally, the effectiveness of these shields is only ensured when the jet arrives on the armor plate with a certain incidence. Thus a jet perpendicular to a reactive armor will cross it without noticeable attenuation.

Il est donc difficile d'assurer avec les blindages réactifs connus la protection des toits des véhicules contre l'attaque des sous-munitions à charges formées dispersées par des vecteurs comme les obus d'artillerie, les roquettes ou les missiles.It is therefore difficult to ensure with known reactive armor protection of the roofs of vehicles against the attack of submunitions with shaped charges dispersed by vectors such as artillery shells, rockets or missiles.

On connaît également, par exemple par les brevets DE2409876 et DE2507351, des dispositifs de protection mettant en oeuvre des filets ou des chaînes destinés à assurer une initiation de la charge formée à une distance importante du véhicule.There are also known, for example from patents DE2409876 and DE2507351, protective devices using nets or chains intended to initiate the charge formed at a significant distance from the vehicle.

De tels dispositifs sont lourds et encombrants, ils doivent être maintenus déployés en permanence pour être efficaces et pénalisent ainsi la mobilité et la furtivité du véhicule.Such devices are heavy and bulky, they must be kept deployed permanently to be effective and thus penalize the mobility and stealth of the vehicle.

C'est le but de la présente invention que de proposer un dispositif de protection pour un véhicule, ou une structure telle un bâtiment, qui ne présente pas de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the present invention to provide a protection device for a vehicle, or a structure such as a building, which does not have such drawbacks.

L'invention permet ainsi d'assurer une protection efficace contre les attaques par projectiles à charge formée quel que soit l'angle d'incidence de ces charges.The invention thus makes it possible to ensure effective protection against attacks by projectiles with a charge formed whatever the angle of incidence of these charges.

L'invention permet également d'apporter une telle protection à des véhicules ou structures légers sans risquer d'infliger des dommages aux personnes et sans mettre en oeuvre de matériaux détonants.The invention also makes it possible to provide such protection to vehicles or light structures without risking inflicting damage on persons and without using detonating materials.

L'invention permet également d'accroître l'efficacité des blindages réactifs connus, notamment contre les têtes militaires comportant plusieurs charges formées montées en tandem (charge décrite par exemple par le brevet FR2552870).The invention also makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of known reactive armor, in particular against military warheads comprising several charges formed in tandem assembly (charge described for example by patent FR2552870).

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection pour un véhicule ou une structure contre l'attaque par une munition à charge formée, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un sac déployable fixé sur une paroi externe du véhicule ou de la structure, sac pouvant être gonflé au moyen d'un générateur en réponse à la détection d'une attaque.Thus, the subject of the invention is a protection device for a vehicle or a structure against attack by a munition with a charged charge, device characterized in that it comprises at least one deployable bag fixed on an external wall of the vehicle or of the structure, a bag which can be inflated by means of a generator in response to the detection of an attack.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le générateur est un générateur pyrotechnique de gaz qui assure le gonflage du sac.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the generator is a pyrotechnic gas generator which ensures the inflation of the bag.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le générateur est un générateur d'une mousse polymérisable, mousse qui assure le gonflage du sac avant de se solidifier.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the generator is a generator of a polymerizable foam, foam which ensures the inflation of the bag before solidifying.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le générateur est une réserve d'un gaz sous pression reliée au sac par une vanne.According to another embodiment of the invention, the generator is a reserve of a pressurized gas connected to the bag by a valve.

Avantageusement chaque sac déployable pourra être disposé dans un boîtier qui est fixé sur la paroi externe du véhicule ou de la structure par un moyen de liaison démontable.Advantageously, each deployable bag can be placed in a box which is fixed to the external wall of the vehicle or of the structure by a removable connection means.

Selon une variante, le moyen de liaison pourra être déverrouillable de l'intérieur de la structure ou du véhicule.Alternatively, the connecting means may be unlockable from inside the structure or the vehicle.

Selon un autre mode d'exécution de l'invention, le sac déployable pourra recouvrir un blindage réactif. Cette variante permet d'accroître l'efficacité du blindage réactif contre les têtes militaires comportant plusieurs charges formées montées en tandem.According to another embodiment of the invention, the deployable bag can cover reactive armor. This variant makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of reactive armor against military warheads comprising several shaped charges mounted in tandem.

Le dispositif selon l'invention comportera au moins un détecteur de menace qui pourra commander automatiquement le gonflage d'au moins un sac.The device according to the invention will include at least one threat detector which can automatically control the inflation of at least one bag.

Selon des modalités pratiques d'exécution, le dispositif adapté à la protection d'un véhicule comportera au moins un sac déployable disposé sur le toit du véhicule.According to practical methods of execution, the device suitable for protecting a vehicle will comprise at least one deployable bag placed on the roof of the vehicle.

Il pourra comporter au moins un sac déployable disposé sur au moins une paroi latérale ou avant du véhicule.It may include at least one deployable bag disposed on at least one side or front wall of the vehicle.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 montre en vue de profil un véhicule équipé d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du véhicule de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 montre schématiquement un boîtier mis en oeuvre dans le dispositif selon l'invention,
  • les figures 4a et 4b montrent le fonctionnement du dispositif de protection selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows in profile view a vehicle equipped with a protection device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a box used in the device according to the invention,
  • Figures 4a and 4b show the operation of the protection device according to the invention.

En se reportant aux figures 1 et 2, un véhicule 1, tel un véhicule blindé léger chenillé, comporte un cassis 2 sur lequel est montée une tourelle 3. Les chenilles 4a, 4b sont protégées par des panneaux latéraux 5a, 5b.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a vehicle 1, such as a light tracked armored vehicle, has a cassis 2 on which is mounted a turret 3. The tracks 4a, 4b are protected by side panels 5a, 5b.

Ce véhicule est équipé d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention qui comporte des boîtiers de protection 6 répartis sur le toit 3a et les flancs 3b,3c de la tourelle, ainsi que sur le chassis 2 et les panneaux latéraux 5a,5b.This vehicle is equipped with a protection device according to the invention which comprises protective boxes 6 distributed on the roof 3a and the sides 3b, 3c of the turret, as well as on the chassis 2 and the side panels 5a, 5b.

Le dispositif de protection comporte également un détecteur de menace 7 qui est monté sur le toit 3a et qui pourra par exemple comprendre plusieurs systèmes radars ayant des directions d'observation différentes.The protection device also includes a threat detector 7 which is mounted on the roof 3a and which can for example include several radar systems having different directions of observation.

Le détecteur de menace a pour fonction, d'une part de détecter l'approche des munitions à charge formée et d'autre part de déterminer la direction d'attaque (par le toit ou bien latérale gauche ou latérale droite, ou encore par l'avant).The threat detector has the function, on the one hand of detecting the approach of the ammunition with shaped charge and on the other hand of determining the direction of attack (by the roof or left side or right side, or by l 'before).

Le dispositif de protection comporte enfin un module électronique de commande (non représenté) qui reçoit les informations données par le détecteur de menace et qui détermine le ou les boîtiers de protection qui doivent être actionnés en réponse à la menace détectée.The protection device finally comprises an electronic control module (not shown) which receives the information given by the threat detector and which determines the protection box or boxes which must be actuated in response to the threat detected.

Le module électronique sera de préférence placé à l'intérieur du véhicule et il pourra comporter un dispositif de visualisation de la direction de la menace et une commande manuelle de secours pour actionner les boîtiers.The electronic module will preferably be placed inside the vehicle and it may include a device for displaying the direction of the threat and a manual emergency command to actuate the boxes.

La figure 3 représente de façon schématique un boîtier 6 fixé sur une paroi 8 du véhicule.FIG. 3 schematically represents a box 6 fixed to a wall 8 of the vehicle.

Le boîtier a ici une forme sensiblement parallélépipèdique et il est réalisé par exemple en matière plastique (une autre forme pourrait être bien sûr adoptée pour le boîtier, par exemple une forme cylindriques. Il présente des pattes 9 qui permettent une fixation démontable sur la paroi 8, par exemple avec des vis.The housing here has a substantially parallelepiped shape and it is made for example of plastic (another shape could of course be adopted for the housing, for example a cylindrical shape. It has tabs 9 which allow a removable attachment to the wall 8 , for example with screws.

Le boîtier 6 contient un générateur de gaz 10 du type pyrotechnique. Ce générateur contient une composition génératrice de gaz ainsi qu'un inflammateur à initiation électrique (non représenté). La composition sera choisie parmi les compositions générant un important volume de gaz avec une élévation limitée de la température, par exemple une composition à base d'azoture de sodium.The housing 6 contains a gas generator 10 of the pyrotechnic type. This generator contains a gas generating composition as well as an electric initiator igniter (not shown). The composition will be chosen among the compositions generating a large volume of gas with a limited rise in temperature, for example a composition based on sodium azide.

L'inflammateur est relié à un circuit électronique de déclenchement 11 par un conducteur 12.The igniter is connected to an electronic tripping circuit 11 by a conductor 12.

Le générateur de gaz est destiné à gonfler un sac 14 qui est replié à l'intérieur du boîtier 6. Le sac est pincé au niveau de sa bordure entre un rebord 15 du boîtier et une bride 16. La fixation du sac et de la bride sur le boîtier pourra être réalisée par exemple par collage.The gas generator is intended to inflate a bag 14 which is folded inside the housing 6. The bag is pinched at its edge between a flange 15 of the housing and a flange 16. The fixing of the bag and the flange on the housing can be achieved for example by gluing.

Le sac est réalisé en un matériau à la fois souple et résistant, par exemple en polyamide ou en Kevlar, ou en un matériau élastique tel un élastomère.The bag is made of a material that is both flexible and resistant, for example polyamide or Kevlar, or an elastic material such as an elastomer.

Les technologies relatives aux générateurs de gaz et aux sac gonflables sont bien connues dans le domaine de la sécurité automobile. On pourra par exemple se reporter au brevet EP529371 qui décrit un matériau utilisable pour réaliser un tel sac et aux brevets US5062367, FR2691706 et EP509655 qui décrivent des générateurs de gaz utilisables pour les sécurités automobiles.The technologies relating to gas generators and air bags are well known in the field of automobile safety. We can for example refer to patent EP529371 which describes a material which can be used to make such a bag and to patents US5062367, FR2691706 and EP509655 which describe gas generators which can be used for motor vehicle safety systems.

Le boîtier est fermé par un couvercle 17 en matière plastique rigide (par exemple en chlorure de polyvinyle), son épaisseur est choisie de telle sorte qu'il se trouve brisé lors du gonflage du sac.The housing is closed by a cover 17 made of rigid plastic (for example polyvinyl chloride), its thickness is chosen so that it is broken during inflation of the bag.

On pourra éventuellement prévoir une amorce de rupture à la périphérie du couvercle 17 de façon à faciliter sa rupture.It may be possible to provide a breaking point at the periphery of the cover 17 so as to facilitate its breaking.

Le circuit de déclenchement 11 a pour fonction de provoquer l'initiation du générateur de gaz en réponse à un ordre reçu du module de commande.The trigger circuit 11 has the function of causing the initiation of the gas generator in response to an order received from the control module.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté ici, le circuit de déclenchement reçoit les ordres du module de commande par l'intermédiaire d'une antenne 13 logée dans une gorge aménagée clans la paroi du boîtier 6.In the embodiment shown here, the trigger circuit receives orders from the control module by means of an antenna 13 housed in a groove arranged in the wall of the housing 6.

Dans le cas où le boîtier est métallique l'antenne sera placée à l'extérieur de celui-ci.In the case where the housing is metallic, the antenna will be placed outside of it.

Le circuit de déclenchement 11 comprendra: une source d'énergie (telle une pile), un étage récepteur, un circuit de décodage, et une mémoire programmable dans laquelle sera placée une information relative à la position du boîtier sur le véhicule.The trigger circuit 11 will include: an energy source (such as a battery), a receiver stage, a decoding circuit, and a programmable memory in which will be placed information relating to the position of the box on the vehicle.

Cette information est introduite lors du montage du boîtier sur le véhicule, par exemple au moyen d'un commutateur à plusieurs positions. Elle permet par exemple de distinguer les cas suivants: boîtier sur le toit, boîtier sur une paroi latérale gauche, boîtier sur une paroi latérale droite, boîtier sur le chassis et à l'avant du véhicule.This information is entered when the box is mounted on the vehicle, for example by means of a switch with several positions. It allows for example to distinguish the following cases: box on the roof, box on a left side wall, box on a right side wall, box on the chassis and at the front of the vehicle.

Le circuit de déclenchement 11 comprendra également un calculateur permettant de comparer l'ordre reçu par voie radio du module de commande avec l'information de positionnement du boîtier qui a été mise en mémoire et de commander ou non l'initiation du générateur de gaz.The trigger circuit 11 will also include a computer making it possible to compare the order received by radio from the control module with the positioning information of the box which has been stored and to control or not the initiation of the gas generator.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention va maintenant être décrit en référence aux figures 4a et 4b.The operation of the device according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 4a and 4b.

Une roquette 18 survole le véhicule 1 et libère au dessus de lui des sous-munitions à charge formées 19 (par exemple des bombelettes du type de celles décrites par le brevet FR2697079).A rocket 18 flies over vehicle 1 and releases above it shaped charge submunitions 19 (for example bombs of the type described by patent FR2697079).

Le détecteur de menace 7 détecte l'approche des sous-munitions 19 au dessus du véhicule.The threat detector 7 detects the approach of the submunitions 19 above the vehicle.

En réponse à cette menace, il commande alors le gonflage de tous les sacs des boîtiers 6 qui sont disposés sur la partie supérieure du véhicule, soit sur le toit de la tourelle et sur le dessus du chassis (notamment sur les glacis avant et latéraux).In response to this threat, he then orders the inflation of all the bags of the boxes 6 which are arranged on the upper part of the vehicle, ie on the roof of the turret and on the top of the chassis (in particular on the front and side glazings) .

La figure 4b montre le véhicule après gonflage des sacs considérés. Le volume des sacs a été choisi de telle sorte que, après leur déploiement, ils occupent un volume tel que les sous-munitions ne puissent pas venir en contact avec le véhicule au moins au niveau des parties sensibles (tourelle, motorisation).Figure 4b shows the vehicle after inflating the bags in question. The volume of the bags was chosen so that, after their deployment, they occupy a volume such that the submunitions cannot come into contact with the vehicle at least at the level of the sensitive parts (turret, motorization).

L'impact d'une sous-munition sur un sac va provoquer son initiation en raison de la décélération qui est provoquée. On prévoira une pression de gaz donnant une rigidité suffisante au sac pour permettre une telle initiation. La rigidité des sacs de sécurité automobile habituels est suffisante pour assurer cette fonction.The impact of a submunition on a bag will cause its initiation due to the deceleration that is caused. There will be a gas pressure giving sufficient rigidity to the bag to allow such initiation. The rigidity of conventional automotive safety bags is sufficient to perform this function.

Le volume des sacs est également choisi tel que, lors de l'impact d'une sous-munition sur un sac, celle-ci se trouve à une distance D de la paroi du véhicule qui soit supérieure à la distance d'efficacité optimale de la charge (qui est habituellement de l'ordre de 2 à 4 calibres).The volume of the bags is also chosen such that, during the impact of a submunition on a bag, it is located at a distance D from the wall of the vehicle which is greater than the distance of optimal efficiency of the load (which is usually of the order of 2 to 4 calibers).

Pour des sous-munitions de calibre 40mm, on voit qu'il suffit que les sacs assurent une distance D supérieure ou égale à 160mm pour réduire notablement la capacité de perforation des charges formées.For 40mm caliber submunitions, we see that it is enough for the bags to provide a distance D greater than or equal to 160mm to significantly reduce the perforation capacity of the charges formed.

On notera que l'incidence d'impact de la sous-munition sur le sac n'a aucune influence sur l'efficacité de la protection, l'initiation de la charge est assurée et à une distance suffisante du véhicule.It will be noted that the impact of the impact of the submunition on the bag has no influence on the effectiveness of the protection, the initiation of the charge is ensured and at a sufficient distance from the vehicle.

Les sacs gonflés par un générateur pyrotechnique se déploient habituellement en une trentaine de millisecondes (technologie automobile). On voit donc que, pour une sous-munition tombant à une vitesse de 50 m/s, il est possible de déclencher d'une façon efficace le déploiement des sacs lorsque la sous-munition la plus proche se trouve à moins de 2 m du véhicule. Il est donc possible de choisir un détecteur de menace ayant une portée réduite (de 2 à 5 m), ce qui limite la consommation d'énergie de celui-ci et augmente la discrétion du véhicule.The bags inflated by a pyrotechnic generator usually deploy in around thirty milliseconds (automotive technology). We therefore see that, for a submunition falling at a speed of 50 m / s, it is possible to effectively trigger the deployment of the bags when the closest submunition is less than 2 m from the vehicle. It is therefore possible to choose a threat detector with a reduced range (from 2 to 5 m), which limits its energy consumption and increases the vehicle's discretion.

De plus le gonflage n'est provoqué qu'en cas de nécessité, c'est à dire de probabilité très forte d'atteinte du véhicule par une sous-munition (la détection des sous-munitions étant réalisée à faible distance).In addition, the inflation is only caused when necessary, that is to say the very high probability of the vehicle being hit by a submunition (the detection of submunitions being carried out at close range).

Dans le cas d'une attaque latérale ou avant du véhicule par un missile, une roquette ou une grenade, le détecteur de menace déterminera la direction d'attaque et le module de commande provoquera alors le gonflage des sacs des boîtiers disposés à l'avant du chassis ou sur les parois latérales considérées (droite ou gauche) ou éventuellement le gonflage de tous les sacs pour contrer un missile ayant une capacité d'attaque par le toit.In the event of a side or front attack of the vehicle by a missile, a rocket or a grenade, the threat detector will determine the direction of attack and the control module will then cause the bags of the boxes arranged at the front to inflate of the chassis or on the side walls considered (right or left) or possibly the inflation of all the bags to counter a missile with a roof attack capability.

Pour une roquette ou un missile volant à 300 m/s, il sera nécessaire que le détecteur de menace ait une portée de l'ordre de 50m. Une détection à cette distance autorise un temps de gonflage de l'ordre de 150 millisecondes, ce qui permet d'envisager des sacs de volume plus important ou des sacs utilisant une technologie de gonflage spécifique du type de celles qui seront décrites ci-après.For a rocket or missile flying at 300 m / s, the threat detector will need to have a range of around 50m. Detection at this distance allows an inflation time of the order of 150 milliseconds, which makes it possible to envisage bags of larger volume or bags using a specific inflation technology of the type of those which will be described below.

Diverses variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Various variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Il est possible de prévoir un nombre de sacs différents, éventuellement un seul si son volume est approprié à la protection recherchée.It is possible to provide a number of different bags, possibly only one if its volume is appropriate for the protection sought.

Il est possible aussi de gonfler les sacs, non pas avec un générateur de gaz mais avec un générateur d'une mousse polymérisable, par exemple une mousse de polyuréthane. Cette mousse se solidifiera et donnera au sac une rigidité encore supérieure. De plus la mousse agira comme un "blindage" composite et permettra d'affaiblir le jet, réduisant encore ses capacités de perforation résiduelles.It is also possible to inflate the bags, not with a gas generator but with a generator of a polymerizable foam, for example a polyurethane foam. This foam will solidify and give the bag even greater rigidity. In addition, the foam will act as a composite "shield" and will weaken the jet, further reducing its residual perforation capacities.

Le brevet WO8800882 décrit une mousse particulièrement adaptée au gonflage de sacs déployables notamment pour réaliser rapidement des flotteurs.Patent WO8800882 describes a foam particularly suitable for inflating deployable bags, in particular for quickly making floats.

On adaptera évidemment dans ce cas les performances des moyens de détection aux durées de gonflage et de solidification qui sont supérieures à celles rencontrées avec les générateurs de gaz.Obviously, in this case, the performance of the detection means will be adapted to the inflation and solidification times which are greater than those encountered with gas generators.

Il est possible de prévoir des sacs de volumes ou natures différents suivant leur position sur le véhicule de façon à adapter la protection à la partie du véhicule considérée.It is possible to provide bags of different volumes or types depending on their position on the vehicle so as to adapt the protection to the part of the vehicle considered.

On pourra ainsi prévoir des sacs remplis de gaz pour protéger le toit et, des sacs remplis de mousse pour protéger les parois latérales.We can thus provide bags filled with gas to protect the roof and bags filled with foam to protect the side walls.

Il est possible également d'assurer le gonflage des sacs au moyen d'une réserve de gaz sous pression.It is also possible to inflate the bags by means of a reserve of pressurized gas.

On prévoira alors des tubulures de connexion permettant de relier les différents boîtiers à la réserve de gaz.Connection pipes will then be provided making it possible to connect the various boxes to the gas reserve.

Chaque boîtier comportera alors une vanne dont l'ouverture sera commandée par un circuit de déclenchement du boîtier en réponse à un ordre envoyé par le module de commande.Each box will then include a valve, the opening of which will be controlled by a circuit for triggering the box in response to an order sent by the control module.

Il serait également possible de remplacer les liaisons radios entre le module de commande et les boîtiers par des liaisons par fils.It would also be possible to replace the radio links between the control module and the boxes by wire links.

Il est possible aussi de remplacer ou d'associer au détecteur de menace porté par le véhicule un autre détecteur de menace disposé hors du véhicule et ayant une portée supérieure, par exemple un radar de surveillance.It is also possible to replace or associate with the threat detector carried by the vehicle another threat detector placed outside the vehicle and having a greater range, for example a surveillance radar.

On pourra avantageusement prévoir des moyens de liaison des boîtiers et du véhicule qui soient déverrouillables de l'intérieur de la structure ou du véhicule.It is advantageously possible to provide means for connecting the boxes and the vehicle which are unlockable from the interior of the structure or of the vehicle.

Une telle disposition permet à la fin de l'attaque de débarrasser rapidement le véhicule des différents boîtiers utilisés.Such an arrangement allows the end of the attack to quickly rid the vehicle of the various boxes used.

On pourra par exemple assurer la fixation au moyen de tiges cylindriques portant un crochet à leur extrémité, crochets qui coopéreront avec des verrous à commande électrique solidaires du véhicule.We can for example ensure the fixing by means of cylindrical rods carrying a hook at their end, hooks which will cooperate with electrically controlled locks secured to the vehicle.

Des ressorts pourront alors être prévus pour faciliter l'éjection des tiges et des boîtiers lors de la libération des verrous.Springs may then be provided to facilitate the ejection of the rods and of the housings when the latches are released.

Compte tenu de leur volume et de leur masse réduite, des boîtiers de rechange pourront être prévus à bord du véhicule.Given their volume and reduced mass, replacement boxes may be provided on board the vehicle.

Il est également possible d'utiliser des boîtiers associant un sac gonflable avec un blindage réactif de type connu. Une telle variante permettra de contrer les têtes militaires comportant des charges formées montées en tandem (voir par exemple le brevet FR2552870 décrivant une telle charge). La charge avant, généralement de petit calibre sera alors déclenchée à distance du blindage réactif par son contact avec le sac. Elle ne pourra pas déclencher l'explosif du blindage réactif qui conservera donc toute son efficacité pour contrer la charge principale.It is also possible to use boxes combining an airbag with a reactive armor of known type. Such a variant will make it possible to counter military heads comprising formed charges mounted in tandem (see for example the patent FR2552870 describing such a charge). The front charge, generally of small caliber, will then be triggered remotely from the reactive armor by its contact with the bag. It will not be able to trigger the explosive of the reactive armor, which will therefore retain all its effectiveness in countering the main charge.

Concrètement, pour cette variante il suffira de définir un boîtier dans lequel le fond est formé par un blindage réactif. Le sac gonflable recouvre alors le blindage réactif apportant sa protection à celui-ci.Concretely, for this variant it will suffice to define a housing in which the bottom is formed by reactive shielding. The airbag then covers the reactive armor providing protection to it.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut bien évidemment être utilisé pour protéger des stuctures fixes comme les bâtiments, les hangars, les abris mobiles.The device according to the invention can obviously be used to protect fixed structures such as buildings, hangars, mobile shelters.

Claims (10)

Dispositif de protection pour un véhicule (1) ou une structure contre l'attaque par une munition à charge formée caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un sac (14) déployable fixé sur une paroi externe du véhicule ou de la structure, sac pouvant être gonflé au moyen d'un générateur en réponse à la détection d'une attaque.Protective device for a vehicle (1) or a structure against attack by a shaped charge munition characterized in that it comprises at least one deployable bag (14) fixed to an external wall of the vehicle or structure, bag can be inflated by means of a generator in response to the detection of an attack. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur est un générateur pyrotechnique de gaz (10) qui assure le gonflage du sac (14).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator is a pyrotechnic gas generator (10) which ensures the inflation of the bag (14). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur est un générateur d'une mousse polymérisable, mousse qui assure le gonflage du sac avant de se solidifier.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator is a generator of a polymerizable foam, foam which ensures the inflation of the bag before solidifying. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur est une reserve d'un gaz sous pression reliée au sac par une vanne.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator is a reserve of a pressurized gas connected to the bag by a valve. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque sac déployable est disposé dans un boîtier (6) qui est fixé sur la paroi externe du véhicule ou de la structure par un moyen de liaison démontable.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each deployable bag is arranged in a housing (6) which is fixed to the external wall of the vehicle or of the structure by a removable connection means. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de liaison est déverrouillable de l'intérieur de la structure ou du véhicule.Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting means is unlockable from the interior of the structure or of the vehicle. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le sac déployable (14) recouvre un blindage réactif.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the deployable bag (14) covers a reactive shield. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un détecteur de menace (7) qui peut commander automatiquement le gonflage d'au moins un sac (14).Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one threat detector (7) which can automatically control the inflation of at least one bag (14). Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 8 et adapté à la protection d'un véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un sac déployable (14) disposé sur le toit du véhicule.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8 and adapted to the protection of a vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one deployable bag (14) disposed on the roof of the vehicle. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 9 et adapté à la protection d'un véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un sac déployable (14) disposé sur au moins une paroi latérale ou avant du véhicule.Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 and suitable for protecting a vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one deployable bag (14) disposed on at least one side or front wall of the vehicle.
EP95402337A 1994-11-30 1995-10-20 Protective device for a vehicle or a structure Ceased EP0715145A1 (en)

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FR9414344A FR2727506B1 (en) 1994-11-30 1994-11-30 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A VEHICLE OR A STRUCTURE
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FI (1) FI955743A (en)
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FR2789484A1 (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-08-11 Giat Ind Sa Non-lethal self-defense weapon, for person under attack, consists of projectile containing inflatable balloon, which is deployed by explosive charge on hitting target
WO2011054422A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-05-12 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Protection system, in particular against bomblets or hollow charges from above
WO2023118876A1 (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-29 Pa Knowledge Limited Rapidly deployable structure
GB2614279A (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-07-05 Pa Knowledge Ltd Rapidly deployable structure

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NO954848L (en) 1996-05-31
NO303886B1 (en) 1998-09-14
US5739458A (en) 1998-04-14
FI955743A0 (en) 1995-11-28
FR2727506A1 (en) 1996-05-31
FI955743A (en) 1996-05-31
NO954848D0 (en) 1995-11-29
FR2727506B1 (en) 1997-01-24

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