EP0329852B1 - Powered wrench - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0329852B1
EP0329852B1 EP88121554A EP88121554A EP0329852B1 EP 0329852 B1 EP0329852 B1 EP 0329852B1 EP 88121554 A EP88121554 A EP 88121554A EP 88121554 A EP88121554 A EP 88121554A EP 0329852 B1 EP0329852 B1 EP 0329852B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
output shaft
power wrench
wrench according
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88121554A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0329852A3 (en
EP0329852A2 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Koppatsch
Original Assignee
Wagner Paul-Heinz
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Publication of EP0329852A2 publication Critical patent/EP0329852A2/en
Publication of EP0329852A3 publication Critical patent/EP0329852A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/008Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with automatic change-over from high speed-low torque mode to low speed-high torque mode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power wrench according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Motor-driven power wrenches are known in which the speed, and thus also the torque, are switched as a function of the tightening torque can. This switchover can be carried out automatically. For example, it is known to measure the supply pressure in a power wrench driven by a hydraulic motor and to switch the power wrench to a higher torque if the supply pressure exceeds a certain limit value. In the case of an electrically driven power wrench, the tightening torque can be determined by the current consumed.
  • the preamble of claim 1 is based on a power wrench according to GB-A-794 045.
  • This power wrench has a first drive wheel which is connected via a slip clutch to an overrunning clutch which drives the output shaft.
  • a second drive wheel driven via a distributor shaft is also connected to the overrunning clutch.
  • the overrunning clutch allows the one of its two drives that has the higher speed. If the load torque exceeds a limit value, the slip clutch slips so that the force is transmitted to the output shaft via the second drive wheel. During this time, however, the slip clutch continues to slip, so that it is subject to considerable wear.
  • a slip clutch does not normally trigger exactly at a given load torque. The trigger torque depends on wear and the environmental conditions.
  • GB-A-2 025 290 describes a power wrench in which the input shaft is constantly coupled to the sun gear of a planetary gear.
  • the ring gear of the planetary gear can be coupled to the drive shaft via a snap-in coupling if the load torque exceeds a limit value.
  • the ring gear is additionally provided with a one-way clutch, which allows this ring gear to rotate in one direction only.
  • the load torque is low, the output shaft rotates via the planetary gear, the ring gear of which is stationary. If the load torque exceeds the limit value, the ring gear is coupled to the drive shaft and rotates with it, which reduces the output speed of the planetary gear. As long as the high load torque persists, the locking clutch remains disengaged.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a power wrench that performs an automatic switch from low torque to high torque in a purely mechanical manner, without a conversion to another physical parameter, and which works reliably and with little wear.
  • the force of the drive shaft is transmitted from a distributor shaft to the locking coupling in two different ways with different transmission ratios.
  • a low screwing torque load torque
  • the coupling part of the locking clutch engages with the first drive wheel, so that the output shaft is driven at a relatively high first speed, while the power transmission path from the second drive wheel to the locking clutch is interrupted.
  • the coupling part engages either with the first drive wheel or with the second drive wheel.
  • the coupling part is adjusted in that a force generated by the load torque counteracts the pretension of the coupling part.
  • the coupling part can engage either only with the first or only with the second drive wheel, but never with both drive wheels at the same time.
  • the preload of the coupling part can be applied by a spring device or also hydraulically. This preload can preferably be changed by external adjustment in order to be able to adjust the level of the load torque at which the switchover takes place.
  • the coupling part is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable on the output shaft and it is pressed by the pretensioning device in the direction in which it is non-positively connected to the first drive wheel. If the load torque exceeds the limit value, the pretensioning device yields and the action of a guide curve results in an axial displacement of the coupling part in the direction of the second drive wheel. The frictional connection between the coupling part and the first drive wheel is released, while the frictional connection of the coupling part to the second drive wheel is established.
  • One of the two locking couplings is preferably a claw coupling, while the other locking coupling is a ball coupling.
  • the ball coupling In the ball coupling, entrainment takes place between a coupling body which is firmly connected to the first drive wheel and the coupling part by spring-loaded balls which are pressed against a non-circular path.
  • Such a ball coupling forms a slip clutch in which the coupling body and the coupling part can move relative to one another.
  • a free orbit is provided adjacent to a path of the coupling body which contains the recesses of the locking coupling and which receives the balls when the other locking coupling is engaged .
  • the locking clutch provided with balls therefore has two tracks arranged side by side, one of which represents a driving track and the other an idling track.
  • the locking coupling is engaged; while the detent clutch is released when the balls are idling.
  • the power wrench according to the invention enables a smooth and shock-free changeover from low torque to high torque or vice versa.
  • the guide curve which, in conjunction with the preload, brings about the axial movement of the coupling part with respect to the output shaft as a function of the load torque, has the shape of an isosceles triangle. This results in a torque-dependent changeover of the gear ratio of the power wrench in both directions of rotation.
  • the power wrench is designed like a hand drill. It has a drive device 10 which contains a (not shown) rotary motor which can be switched on by actuating a trigger lever 11. The direction of rotation can be set on the direction selector 12.
  • the drive device 10 is accommodated in a separate housing to which the housing 13 containing the torque-dependent clutch 14 is fastened. At the opposite end of the housing 13, a housing 15 is attached, which contains a planetary gear 16.
  • the output shaft 17th of the planetary gear has a head 18 to which a key nut for turning a screw can be attached.
  • the shaft 19 of the motor projects into the interior of the housing 13 from the end wall of the housing of the drive device 10.
  • the shaft 19 is supported by a ball bearing 21.
  • the shaft 19 drives a gear 22, which is firmly seated on the distributor shaft 23.
  • the distributor shaft 23 is supported at both ends in the housing 13 and there are two further gear wheels 24, 25 of different diameters.
  • the larger gear 24 meshes with the teeth of the first drive wheel 26 and the gear 25 meshes with the teeth of the second drive wheel 27.
  • Both drive wheels 26 and 27 are arranged coaxially with the output shaft 28 of the torque-dependent clutch 14. They are driven by the distributor shaft 23 at different speeds, the speed of the drive wheel 26 being greater than that of the second drive wheel 27.
  • the first drive wheel 26 is mounted on the output shaft 28 with a ball bearing 29 and the second drive wheel 27 is with a roller bearing 30 mounted on a cylindrical projection 31 of the coupling body 32.
  • a cup-shaped coupling body 33 extends from the first drive wheel 26 in the direction of the second drive wheel 27.
  • the ball housing 34 of the coupling part 32 projects into the opening of the coupling body 33.
  • a ring of claws 35 projects from the ball housing 34 in the direction of the second drive wheel 27. These claws 35 can engage claws 36, which are provided on the end face of the second drive wheel 27, when the clutch body 32 is displaced in the direction of the second drive wheel 27.
  • the output end of the output shaft 28 is supported by a ball bearing 37 in the housing 13. On the rotating ring of the ball bearing 37, a spring 38 is supported, which presses the coupling part 32 in the direction of the first gear 26.
  • each of the openings 39 has the shape of an isosceles triangle, the tip of which is directed parallel to the axis of the output shaft 28 against the bias applied by the spring 38.
  • each guide curve 39 forms two inclined flanks 39a, 39b with opposite bevels (FIG. 3), along which the guide element 40 can slide. If the load torque occurring on the output shaft 28 exceeds the limit value, the guide element 40 disengages from the tips of the triangular guide curves 39 and slides along the flanks 39a or 39b, as a result of which the coupling part 32 disengages from and engages with the coupling body 33 Claws 35 come into engagement with the second drive wheel 27.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the first locking clutch, which is formed from the coupling body 33 and the ball housing 34.
  • the ball housing 34 contains a plurality of ball catches, each of which has a spring 43 contained in a radial blind bore 42 of the ball housing 34 and a ball 44 pressed outwards by the spring 43.
  • the balls 44 run in a driving path 45, which is provided on the inside of the coupling body 33.
  • This driving path 45 has a circumferentially varying diameter, i.e. it has recesses into which the balls 44 can penetrate.
  • an idling path 46 Adjacent to the driving path 45, an idling path 46 is provided in the clutch body 33, the peripheral surface of which has no recesses but a constant diameter (FIG. 5).
  • the coupling part 32 which is normally pressed in the direction of the drive wheel 26 by the spring 38, moves in the direction of the drive wheel 27 with compression of the spring 38, the balls 44 pass from the driving path 45 into the idle path 46.
  • the coupling part 32 is uncoupled rotationally from the coupling body 33.
  • the claws 35 and 36 engage in one another, so that the coupling part 32 is coupled to the drive wheel 27 and is rotated by the latter.
  • This first gear stage has planet gears 48 which engage with the sun gear 47 with their toothings and roll on an internal toothing 49 of the housing 15.
  • the planet gears 48 are supported on axles 50 which protrude from a bearing body 51 in which the end 52 of the output shaft 28 is also supported.
  • the bearing body 51 also forms the sun gear 53 of the second gear stage 16b, the planet gears 54 of which also engage with the internal toothing 49 of the housing 15.
  • the planet gears 54 are mounted on axles 55 which protrude from the bearing body 56.
  • the bearing body 56 is connected in one piece to the output shaft 17, which is mounted in a bearing 57 at the end of the housing 15.
  • the bearing 57 is accommodated in a head piece 58, which has an outer profile 59 for attaching an external (not shown) support element in order to divert the reaction force that arises when a screw is turned onto a stationary replacement bearing.
  • a nut is placed on the head 18 of the output shaft 17, which is connected to the screw to be rotated.
  • the drive device 10 rotates the distributor shaft 23, as a result of which the drive wheels 26 and 27 are rotated simultaneously, but at different speeds.
  • the spring 38 presses the coupling part 32 against the drive wheel 26, so that the balls 44 are in the driving path and the drive wheel 26 takes the coupling part 32 along via the coupling body 33. Since the claws 35.36 in this State are disengaged, the drive wheel 27 rotates empty on the coupling part 32.
  • the output shaft 28 is therefore driven at the high speed and correspondingly low torque.
  • the rotation of the output shaft 28 is reduced by the planetary gear 16 and transmitted to the screw via the output shaft 17.
  • the load-dependent clutch 14 is located between the drive device 10 and the planetary gear 16, where the torques to be transmitted are relatively low, so that the clutch 14 can be made small.
  • the coupling part 32 moves with the guide element 40 along the flanks 39a of the guide curve 39, so that the coupling part 32 moves against the drive wheel 27.
  • the balls 44 move from the carrier track 45 into the idle track 46 and at the same time the claws 35 and 36 come into mutual engagement.
  • the output shaft 28 is driven via the gears 25 and 27 at a lower speed and higher torque. This drive with higher torque and lower speed continues until the screw is tightened. So there is no constant switching back and forth between high and low speed.
  • the axis of the planetary gear 16 runs coaxially to that of the output shaft 28.
  • the shaft 19 of the rotary drive 10, in contrast, is laterally offset.
  • the snap coupling according to FIGS. 2 to 5 also have a blocking device 60, which makes it possible to hold the movable coupling part 32 in the load position after the limit speed has been exceeded against the bias of the spring 38.
  • a blocking device 60 which makes it possible to hold the movable coupling part 32 in the load position after the limit speed has been exceeded against the bias of the spring 38.
  • the blocking device 60 is used. This has a rotatable hand lever 61 which is fastened to a shaft 62 mounted in the housing 13.
  • a cam section 63 is provided on the shaft 62, against which a pin 64 abuts, which is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in a bore of the output shaft 28.
  • This pin 64 abuts a cross pin 65, the ends of which protrude from the output shaft 28 and engage in a sleeve 66 surrounding the output shaft.
  • the clutch body 32 is pressed against this sleeve 66 by the spring 38.
  • the pin 64 is advanced as a result of the cam part 63, as a result of which the sleeve 66 presses the coupling part 32 into the position which corresponds to the high load torque and in which the claws 35, 36 are in mutual engagement, while the first latching clutch 33 , 34 is solved.
  • the hand lever 61 can be rotated without overcoming a greater counterforce, so that the sleeve 66 follows the coupling part 32. Since the power transmission via the shaft 62, the cam part 63 and the pin 64 is self-locking, the pressure of the spring 38 cannot move the coupling part 32 back into the overdrive position unless the hand lever 61 has been manually rotated into a position beforehand in which the sleeve 66 has been moved by the spring 38. If necessary, a locking device 67 can be provided with which the hand lever 61 is held in the effective position and in the ineffective position.
  • Fig. 6 shows another embodiment which is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the blocking device 60 is omitted and is replaced by a locking device.
  • This latching device consists of a latching recess 39c in the guide curve 39. In the load position, the guide element 40 latches in the latching recess 39c according to FIG. 6. The latching in the latching recess 39c requires less force than the latching out of this latching recess. In this way, the switching behavior of the clutch receives a hysteresis. This means that when the load torque increases, the switchover to a lower speed of the output shaft takes place at a low torque than when the load torque decreases, the switchover to the higher output speed occurs. In this way, a constant switching of the clutch is avoided in the limit range of the critical load torque.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftschrauber nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a power wrench according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Beim Festziehen einer Schraube ist es zweckmäßig, die Schraube zunächst in einem Schnellgang mit hoher Drehzahl und kleinem Drehmoment zu drehen. Wenn die Schraube dem Schraubwerkzeug einen hohen Widerstand entgegensetzt, sollte das Schraubwerkzeug mit kleinerer Drehzahl und höherem Drehmoment angetrieben werden, um die Schraube festzuziehen. Beim Lösen einer Schraube ist zunächst ein hohes Drehmoment erforderlich und anschließend ein geringeres Drehmoment, bei dem mit höherer Drehzahl gearbeitet werden kann.When tightening a screw, it is advisable to first turn the screw in an overdrive at high speed and low torque. If the screw presents a high resistance to the screwing tool, the screwing tool should be driven at a lower speed and higher torque in order to tighten the screw. When loosening a screw, a high torque is required first and then a lower torque, which can be used at higher speeds.

Bekannt sind motorisch angetriebene Kraftschrauber, bei denen die Drehzahl, und somit auch das Drehmoment, in Abhängigkeit von dem Schraubmoment umgeschaltet werden kann. Diese Umschaltung kann automatisch vorgenommen werden. Beispielsweise ist es bekannt, bei einem von einem Hydraulikmotor angetriebenen Kraftschrauber den Vorlaufdruck zu messen und den Kraftschrauber auf höheres Drehmoment umzuschalten, wenn der Vorlaufdruck einen bestimmten Grenzwert übersteigt. Bei einem elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftschrauber kann die Ermittlung des Schraubmomentes durch den aufgenommenen Strom erfolgen.Motor-driven power wrenches are known in which the speed, and thus also the torque, are switched as a function of the tightening torque can. This switchover can be carried out automatically. For example, it is known to measure the supply pressure in a power wrench driven by a hydraulic motor and to switch the power wrench to a higher torque if the supply pressure exceeds a certain limit value. In the case of an electrically driven power wrench, the tightening torque can be determined by the current consumed.

Ferner sind Kraftschrauber bekannt, die eine Ratschenkupplung aufweisen. Bei niedrigem Schraubmoment ist die Ratschenkupplung eingekuppelt, so daß die Ausgangswelle über die Ratschenkupplung gedreht wird. Wenn das Grenzdrehmoment überschritten ist, rastet die Ratschenkupplung aus und die Ausgangswelle wird von einer langsamer drehenden Welle mitgenommen. Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß die Ratschenkupplung während des Arbeitens mit hohem Drehmoment starken mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt ist und ständig Schläge erzeugt.Furthermore, power screwdrivers are known which have a ratchet coupling. When the tightening torque is low, the ratchet clutch is engaged so that the output shaft is rotated over the ratchet clutch. When the limit torque is exceeded, the ratchet clutch disengages and the output shaft is carried along by a slower rotating shaft. The disadvantage here is that the ratchet clutch is exposed to strong mechanical loads while working with high torque and constantly generates impacts.

Der Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 geht aus von einem Kraftschrauber nach GB-A-794 045. Dieser Kraftschrauber weist ein erstes Antriebsrad auf, das über eine Rutschkupplung mit einer Überholkupplung verbunden ist, welche die Abtriebswelle antreibt. Ein über eine Verteilerwelle angetriebenes zweites Antriebsrad ist ebenfalls mit der Überholkupplung verbunden. Die Überholkupplung läßt denjenigen ihrer beiden Antriebe durch, der die größere Drehzahl hat. Wenn das Lastmoment einen Grenzwert übersteigt, rutscht die Rutschkupplung durch, so daß die Kraft über das zweite Antriebsrad auf die Abtriebswelle übertragen wird. Während dieser Zeit rutscht jedoch die Rutschkupplung weiter, so daß sie einem erheblichen Verschleiß unterliegt. Eine Rutschkupplung löst normalerweise nicht bei einem vorgegebenen Lastmoment exakt aus. Das Auslösemoment hängt vom Verschleiß und von den Umweltbedingungen ab.The preamble of claim 1 is based on a power wrench according to GB-A-794 045. This power wrench has a first drive wheel which is connected via a slip clutch to an overrunning clutch which drives the output shaft. A second drive wheel driven via a distributor shaft is also connected to the overrunning clutch. The overrunning clutch allows the one of its two drives that has the higher speed. If the load torque exceeds a limit value, the slip clutch slips so that the force is transmitted to the output shaft via the second drive wheel. During this time, however, the slip clutch continues to slip, so that it is subject to considerable wear. A slip clutch does not normally trigger exactly at a given load torque. The trigger torque depends on wear and the environmental conditions.

GB-A-2 025 290 beschreibt einen Kraftschrauber, bei dem die Eingangswelle ständig mit dem Sonnenrad eines Planetenradgetriebes gekuppelt ist. Das Ringrad des Planetenradgetriebes ist über eine Rastkupplung an die Antriebswelle ankuppelbar, wenn das Lastmoment einen Grenzwert übersteigt. Das Ringrad ist zusätzlich mit einer Freilaufkupplung versehen, die eine Drehung dieses Ringrades nur in einer Richtung zuläßt. Bei geringem Lastmoment erfolgt die Drehung der Abtriebswelle über das Planetenradgetriebe, dessen Ringrad stillsteht. Überschreitet das Lastmoment den Grenzwert, dann wird das Ringrad an die Antriebswelle angekuppelt und dreht sich mit dieser, wodurch die Ausgangsdrehzahl des Planetenradgetriebes sich verringert. Solange das hohe Lastmoment anhält, bleibt die Rastkupplung außer Eingriff.GB-A-2 025 290 describes a power wrench in which the input shaft is constantly coupled to the sun gear of a planetary gear. The ring gear of the planetary gear can be coupled to the drive shaft via a snap-in coupling if the load torque exceeds a limit value. The ring gear is additionally provided with a one-way clutch, which allows this ring gear to rotate in one direction only. When the load torque is low, the output shaft rotates via the planetary gear, the ring gear of which is stationary. If the load torque exceeds the limit value, the ring gear is coupled to the drive shaft and rotates with it, which reduces the output speed of the planetary gear. As long as the high load torque persists, the locking clutch remains disengaged.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kraftschrauber zu schaffen, der eine selbsttätige Umschaltung von niedrigem Drehmoment auf hohes Drehmoment auf rein mechanische Weise durchführt, ohne daß eine Umwandlung in eine andere physikalische Meßgröße erzeugt werden müßte, und der zuverlässig und mit geringem Verschleiß arbeitet.The invention has for its object to provide a power wrench that performs an automatic switch from low torque to high torque in a purely mechanical manner, without a conversion to another physical parameter, and which works reliably and with little wear.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in claim 1.

Nach der Erfindung wird die Kraft der Antriebswelle über zwei verschiedene Wege mit unterschiedlichen Übersetzungsverhältnissen von einer Verteilerwelle auf die Rastkupplung übertragen. Bei geringem Schraubmoment (Lastmoment) ist das Kupplungsteil der Rastkupplung mit dem ersten Antriebsrad in Eingriff, so daß die Abtriebswelle mit einer relativ hohen ersten Drehzahl angetrieben wird, während der Kraftübertragungsweg vom zweiten Antriebsrad zur Rastkupplung unterbrochen ist. In Abhängigkeit vom Lastmoment gelangt das Kupplungsteil entweder mit dem ersten Antriebsrad oder mit dem zweiten Antriebsrad in Eingriff. Die Verstellung des Kupplungsteils erfolgt dadurch, daß eine vom Lastmoment erzeugte Kraft der Vorspannung des Kupplungsteils entgegenwirkt. Das Kupplungsteil kann entweder nur mit dem ersten oder nur mit dem zweiten Antriebsrad in Eingriff sein, jedoch niemals mit beiden Antriebsrädern gleichzeitig. Die Vorspannung des Kupplungsteils kann durch eine Federvorrichtung oder auch hydraulisch aufgebracht werden. Vorzugsweise kann diese Vorspannung durch externe Einstellung verändert werden, um die Höhe des Lastmoments bei dem die Umschaltung erfolgt, verstellen zu können. Das Kupplungsteil ist auf der Abtriebswelle längsverschiebbar angeordnet und es wird von der Vorspannvorrichtung in diejenige Richtung gedrückt, in der es kraftschlüssig mit dem ersten Antriebsrad verbunden ist. Wenn das Lastmoment den Grenzwert übersteigt, gibt die Vorspannvorrichtung nach und durch die Wirkung einer Führungskurve erfolgt eine axiale Verschiebung des Kupplungsteils in Richtung auf das zweite Antriebsrad. Dabei wird der Kraftschluß zwischen Kupplungsteil und erstem Antriebsrad gelöst, während der Kraftschluß des Kupplungsteils zum zweiten Antriebsrad hergestellt wird.According to the invention, the force of the drive shaft is transmitted from a distributor shaft to the locking coupling in two different ways with different transmission ratios. With a low screwing torque (load torque), the coupling part of the locking clutch engages with the first drive wheel, so that the output shaft is driven at a relatively high first speed, while the power transmission path from the second drive wheel to the locking clutch is interrupted. Depending on the load torque, the coupling part engages either with the first drive wheel or with the second drive wheel. The coupling part is adjusted in that a force generated by the load torque counteracts the pretension of the coupling part. The coupling part can engage either only with the first or only with the second drive wheel, but never with both drive wheels at the same time. The preload of the coupling part can be applied by a spring device or also hydraulically. This preload can preferably be changed by external adjustment in order to be able to adjust the level of the load torque at which the switchover takes place. The coupling part is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable on the output shaft and it is pressed by the pretensioning device in the direction in which it is non-positively connected to the first drive wheel. If the load torque exceeds the limit value, the pretensioning device yields and the action of a guide curve results in an axial displacement of the coupling part in the direction of the second drive wheel. The frictional connection between the coupling part and the first drive wheel is released, while the frictional connection of the coupling part to the second drive wheel is established.

Vorzugsweise ist eine der beiden Rastkupplungen eine Klauenkupplung, während die andere Rastkupplung eine Kugelkupplung ist. Bei der Kugelkupplung erfolgt die Mitnahme zwischen einem mit dem ersten Antriebsrad fest verbundenen Kupplungskörper und dem Kupplungsteil durch federgespannte Kugeln, die gegen eine unrunde Bahn gedrückt werden. Eine solche Kugelkupplung bildet eine Rutschkupplung, bei der der Kupplungskörper und das Kupplungsteil sich relativ zueinander bewegen können. Um im Falle einer solchen Relativbewegung die Belastung der Kupplungskomponenten zu verringern und eine bessere Ausnutzung der Antriebsenergie zu erhalten, ist angrenzend an eine die Ausnehmungen der Rastkupplung enthaltenden Bahn des Kupplungskörpers eine freie Umlaufbahn vorgesehen, die die Kugeln aufnimmt, wenn die andere Rastkupplung in Eingriff ist. Die mit Kugeln versehen Rastkupplung hat also zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Bahnen, von denen die eine eine Mitnahmebahn und die andere eine Leerlaufbahn darstellt. Wenn die Kugeln in der Mitnahmebahn sind, befindet sich die Rastkupplung in Eingriff; während die Rastkupplung gelöst ist, wenn die Kugeln in der Leerlaufbahn laufen.One of the two locking couplings is preferably a claw coupling, while the other locking coupling is a ball coupling. In the ball coupling, entrainment takes place between a coupling body which is firmly connected to the first drive wheel and the coupling part by spring-loaded balls which are pressed against a non-circular path. Such a ball coupling forms a slip clutch in which the coupling body and the coupling part can move relative to one another. In order to reduce the load on the coupling components in the event of such a relative movement and to obtain a better utilization of the drive energy, a free orbit is provided adjacent to a path of the coupling body which contains the recesses of the locking coupling and which receives the balls when the other locking coupling is engaged . The locking clutch provided with balls therefore has two tracks arranged side by side, one of which represents a driving track and the other an idling track. When the balls are in the driving path, the locking coupling is engaged; while the detent clutch is released when the balls are idling.

Der erfindungsgemäße Kraftschrauber ermöglicht ein glattes und stoßfreies Umschaltes von niedrigem Drehmoment auf hohes Drehmoment oder umgekehrt. Vorzugsweise hat die Führungskurve, die in Verbindung mit der Vorspannung die axiale Bewegung des Kupplungsteils in bezug auf die Abtriebswelle in Abhängigkeit vom Lastmoment bewirkt, die Form eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks. Dadurch wird eine drehmomentabhängige Umschaltung des Übersetzungsverhältnisses des Kraftschrauber in beiden Drehrichtungen erreicht.The power wrench according to the invention enables a smooth and shock-free changeover from low torque to high torque or vice versa. The guide curve which, in conjunction with the preload, brings about the axial movement of the coupling part with respect to the output shaft as a function of the load torque, has the shape of an isosceles triangle. This results in a torque-dependent changeover of the gear ratio of the power wrench in both directions of rotation.

Im folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht des gesamten Kraftschraubers, teilweise geschnitten,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch die drehmomentabhängige Kupplung mit Blockiervorrichtung,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III von Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 2,
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V von Fig. 2, und
Fig. 6
in gleicher Darstellung wie Fig. 3 eine Kupplung mit Rastvorrichtung.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of the entire power wrench, partially cut,
Fig. 2
a section through the torque-dependent clutch with blocking device,
Fig. 3
2 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
2 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2,
Fig. 5
a section along the line VV of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 6
in the same representation as Fig. 3, a clutch with locking device.

Der Kraftschrauber ist nach Art einer Handbohrmaschine ausgebildet. Er weist eine Antriebseinrichtung 10 auf, die einen (nicht dargestellten) Drehmotor enthält, der durch Betätigung eines Abzugshebels 11 eingeschaltet werden kann. Die Drehrichtung kann an dem Richtungswähler 12 eingestellt werden. Die Antriebseinrichtung 10 ist einem separaten Gehäuse untergebracht, an dem das die drehmomentabhängige Kupplung 14 enthaltende Gehäuse 13 befestigt ist. An dem entgegengesetzten Ende des Gehäuses 13 ist ein Gehäuse 15 befestigt, das ein Planetenradgetriebe 16 enthält. Die Ausgangswelle 17 des Planetenradgetriebes weist einen Kopf 18 auf, an dem eine Schlüsselnuß zum Drehen einer Schraube befestigt werden kann.The power wrench is designed like a hand drill. It has a drive device 10 which contains a (not shown) rotary motor which can be switched on by actuating a trigger lever 11. The direction of rotation can be set on the direction selector 12. The drive device 10 is accommodated in a separate housing to which the housing 13 containing the torque-dependent clutch 14 is fastened. At the opposite end of the housing 13, a housing 15 is attached, which contains a planetary gear 16. The output shaft 17th of the planetary gear has a head 18 to which a key nut for turning a screw can be attached.

Aus der Stirnwand des Gehäuses der Antriebseinrichtung 10 ragt die Welle 19 des Motors in das Innere des Gehäuses 13 hinein. In der Stirnwand 20 des Gehäuses 13 ist die Welle 19 mit einem Kugellager 21 gelagert. Die Welle 19 treibt ein Zahnrad 22, das fest auf der Verteilerwelle 23 sitzt. Die Verteilerwelle 23 ist an beiden Enden im Gehäuse 13 gelagert und auf ihr sitzen zwei weitere Zahnräder 24,25 von unterschiedlichen Durchmessern. Das größere Zahnrad 24 kämmt mit der Verzahnung des ersten Antriebsrades 26 und das Zahnrad 25 kämmt mit der Verzahnung des zweiten Antriebsrades 27. Beide Antriebsräder 26 und 27 sind koaxial zu der Abtriebswelle 28 der drehmomentabhängigen Kupplung 14 angeordnet. Sie werden von der Verteilerwelle 23 mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen angetrieben, wobei die Drehzahl des Antriebsrades 26 größer ist als diejenige des zweiten Antriebsrades 27. Das erste Antriebsrad 26 ist auf der Abtriebswelle 28 mit einem Kugellager 29 gelagert und das zweite Antriebsrad 27 ist mit einem Rollenlager 30 auf einem zylindrischen Ansatz 31 des Kupplungskörpers 32 gelagert. Vom ersten Antriebsrad 26 erstreckt sich ein becherförmiger Kupplungskörper 33 in Richtung auf das zweite Antriebsrad 27. In die Öffnung des Kupplungskörpers 33 ragt das Kugelgehäuse 34 des Kupplungsteils 32 hinein. Von dem Kugelgehäuse 34 steht ein Kranz von Klauen 35 in Richtung auf das zweite Antriebsrad 27 ab. Diese Klauen 35 können mit Klauen 36, die an der Stirnseite des zweiten Antriebsrades 27 vorgesehen sind, in Eingriff kommen, wenn der Kupplungskörper 32 in Richtung auf das zweite Antriebsrad 27 verschoben wird.The shaft 19 of the motor projects into the interior of the housing 13 from the end wall of the housing of the drive device 10. In the end wall 20 of the housing 13, the shaft 19 is supported by a ball bearing 21. The shaft 19 drives a gear 22, which is firmly seated on the distributor shaft 23. The distributor shaft 23 is supported at both ends in the housing 13 and there are two further gear wheels 24, 25 of different diameters. The larger gear 24 meshes with the teeth of the first drive wheel 26 and the gear 25 meshes with the teeth of the second drive wheel 27. Both drive wheels 26 and 27 are arranged coaxially with the output shaft 28 of the torque-dependent clutch 14. They are driven by the distributor shaft 23 at different speeds, the speed of the drive wheel 26 being greater than that of the second drive wheel 27. The first drive wheel 26 is mounted on the output shaft 28 with a ball bearing 29 and the second drive wheel 27 is with a roller bearing 30 mounted on a cylindrical projection 31 of the coupling body 32. A cup-shaped coupling body 33 extends from the first drive wheel 26 in the direction of the second drive wheel 27. The ball housing 34 of the coupling part 32 projects into the opening of the coupling body 33. A ring of claws 35 projects from the ball housing 34 in the direction of the second drive wheel 27. These claws 35 can engage claws 36, which are provided on the end face of the second drive wheel 27, when the clutch body 32 is displaced in the direction of the second drive wheel 27.

Das Ausgangsende der Abtriebswelle 28 ist mit einem Kugellager 37 im Gehäuse 13 gelagert. An dem mitrotierenden Ring des Kugellagers 37 ist eine Feder 38 abgestützt, die das Kupplungsteil 32 in Richtung auf das erste Zahnrad 26 drückt.The output end of the output shaft 28 is supported by a ball bearing 37 in the housing 13. On the rotating ring of the ball bearing 37, a spring 38 is supported, which presses the coupling part 32 in the direction of the first gear 26.

In der Umfangsfläche des zylindrischen Ansatzes 31 des Kupplungsteils 32 sind zwei Führungskurven 39 in Form einander gegenüberliegender dreieckiger Öffnungen 39 vorgesehen. In diese Öffnungen ragen die Enden eines stiftförmigen Führungselements 40, das quer durch die Abtriebswelle 28 hindurchgeht. Durch die Führungskurven 39 und das darin eingreifende Führungselement 40 wird erreicht, daß die Abtriebswelle 28 sich stets mit dem Kupplungsteil 31 dreht, wobei jedoch innerhalb der von den Führungskurven 39 gebildeten Öffnungen geringe Relativdrehungen möglich sind. Jede der Öffnungen 39 hat die Form eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks, dessen Spitze parallel zur Achse der Abtriebswelle 28 entgegen der von der Feder 38 aufgebrachten Vorspannung gerichtet ist. Die Dreiecke sind bezogen auf die Achse der Abtriebswelle symmetrisch, so daß jede Führungskurve 39 zwei schräge Flanken 39a,39b mit entgegengesetzten Abschrägungen bildet (Fig. 3), an denen das Führungselement 40 entlanggleiten kann. Wenn das an der Abtriebswelle 28 auftretende Lastmoment den Grenzwert übersteigt, löst sich das Führungselement 40 aus den Spitzen der dreieckigen Führungskurven 39 und gleitet an den Flanken 39a oder 39b entlang, wodurch das Kupplungsteil 32 sich von dem Eingriff mit dem Kupplungskörper 33 löst und über die Klauen 35 in Eingriff mit dem zweiten Antriebsrad 27 kommt.In the peripheral surface of the cylindrical extension 31 of the coupling part 32, two guide curves 39 in the form of triangular openings 39 lying opposite one another are provided. The ends of a pin-shaped guide element 40, which passes transversely through the output shaft 28, protrude into these openings. The guide curves 39 and the guide element 40 engaging therein ensure that the output shaft 28 always rotates with the coupling part 31, although slight relative rotations are possible within the openings formed by the guide curves 39. Each of the openings 39 has the shape of an isosceles triangle, the tip of which is directed parallel to the axis of the output shaft 28 against the bias applied by the spring 38. The triangles are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the output shaft, so that each guide curve 39 forms two inclined flanks 39a, 39b with opposite bevels (FIG. 3), along which the guide element 40 can slide. If the load torque occurring on the output shaft 28 exceeds the limit value, the guide element 40 disengages from the tips of the triangular guide curves 39 and slides along the flanks 39a or 39b, as a result of which the coupling part 32 disengages from and engages with the coupling body 33 Claws 35 come into engagement with the second drive wheel 27.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt der ersten Rastkupplung, die aus dem Kupplungskörper 33 und dem Kugelgehäuse 34 gebildet wird. Das Kugelgehäuse 34 enthält mehrere Kugelrasten, von denen jede eine in einer radialen Sackbohrung 42 des Kugelgehäuses 34 enthaltene Feder 43 und eine von der Feder 43 nach außen gedrückte Kugel 44 aufweist. Die Kugeln 44 laufen in einer Mitnahmebahn 45, die an der Innenseite des Kupplungskörpers 33 vorgesehen ist. Diese Mitnahmebahn 45 hat einen umfangsmäßig variierenden Durchmesser, d.h. sie hat Ausnehmungen, in die die Kugeln 44 eindringen können. Für jede Kugel 44 ist eine Ausnehmung vorhanden und alle Ausnehmungen sind so angeordnet, daß sich alle Kugeln 44 gleichzeitig in der zugehörigen Ausnehmung befinden können. Dadurch, daß die Kugeln 44 von den Feder 43 in die Ausnehmungen gedrückt werden, erfolgt bis zu einem gewissen Drehmoment eine Drehmitnahme des Kupplungskörpers 32 mit dem Kupplungsteil 33, wenn die Kugeln 44 sich in der Mitnahmebahn 45 befinden.Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the first locking clutch, which is formed from the coupling body 33 and the ball housing 34. The ball housing 34 contains a plurality of ball catches, each of which has a spring 43 contained in a radial blind bore 42 of the ball housing 34 and a ball 44 pressed outwards by the spring 43. The balls 44 run in a driving path 45, which is provided on the inside of the coupling body 33. This driving path 45 has a circumferentially varying diameter, i.e. it has recesses into which the balls 44 can penetrate. There is a recess for each ball 44 and all recesses are arranged so that all balls 44 can be located in the associated recess at the same time. Characterized in that the balls 44 are pressed into the recesses by the spring 43, the coupling body 32 and the coupling part 33 are rotated up to a certain torque when the balls 44 are in the driving path 45.

Angrenzend an die Mitnahmebahn 45 ist im Kupplungskörper 33 eine Leerlaufbahn 46 vorgesehen, deren Umfangsfläche keine Ausnehmungen hat sondern einen konstanten Durchmesser (Fig. 5). Wenn das Kupplungsteil 32, das von der Feder 38 normalerweise in Richtung auf das Antriebsrad 26 gedrückt wird, sich unter Zusammendrückung der Feder 38 in Richtung auf das Antriebsrad 27 bewegt, gelangen die Kugeln 44 von der Mitnahmebahn 45 in die Leerlaufbahn 46. In diesem Zustand ist das Kupplungsteil 32 rotatorisch von dem Kupplungskörper 33 abgekuppelt. Gleichzeitig greifen die Klauen 35 und 36 ineinander, so daß das Kupplungsteil 32 an das Antriebsrad 27 angekuppelt ist und von diesem gedreht wird.Adjacent to the driving path 45, an idling path 46 is provided in the clutch body 33, the peripheral surface of which has no recesses but a constant diameter (FIG. 5). When the coupling part 32, which is normally pressed in the direction of the drive wheel 26 by the spring 38, moves in the direction of the drive wheel 27 with compression of the spring 38, the balls 44 pass from the driving path 45 into the idle path 46. In this state the coupling part 32 is uncoupled rotationally from the coupling body 33. At the same time, the claws 35 and 36 engage in one another, so that the coupling part 32 is coupled to the drive wheel 27 and is rotated by the latter.

An dem aus dem Gehäuse 13 herausragenden Ende der Abtriebswelle 28 ist eine Verzahnung angebracht, die das Sonnenrad 47 der ersten Getriebestufe 16a des Planetenradgetriebes 16 bildet. Diese erste Getriebestufe weist Planetenräder 48 auf, die mit ihren Verzahnungen mit dem Sonnenrad 47 in Eingriff stehen und an einer Innenverzahnung 49 des Gehäuses 15 abrollen. Die Planetenräder 48 sind auf Achsen 50 gelagert, die von einem Lagerkörper 51 abstehen, in dem auch das Ende 52 der Abtriebswelle 28 gelagert ist. Der Lagerkörper 51 bildet ferner das Sonnenrad 53 der zweiten Getriebestufe 16b, deren Planetenräder 54 ebenfalls mit der Innenverzahnung 49 des Gehäuses 15 in Eingriff sind. Die Planetenräder 54 sind auf Achsen 55 gelagert, welche von dem Lagerkörper 56 abstehen. Der Lagerkörper 56 ist einstückig mit der Ausgangswelle 17 verbunden, die am Ende des Gehäuses 15 in einem Lager 57 gelagert ist. Das Lager 57 ist in einem Kopfstück 58 untergebracht, das ein Außenprofil 59 zur Anbringung eines externen (nicht dargestellten) Stützelementes aufweist, um die beim Drehen einer Schrauben entstehende Reaktionskraft auf ein ortsfestes Wiederlager abzuleiten.On the end of the output shaft 28 protruding from the housing 13, a toothing is attached, which forms the sun gear 47 of the first gear stage 16a of the planetary gear 16. This first gear stage has planet gears 48 which engage with the sun gear 47 with their toothings and roll on an internal toothing 49 of the housing 15. The planet gears 48 are supported on axles 50 which protrude from a bearing body 51 in which the end 52 of the output shaft 28 is also supported. The bearing body 51 also forms the sun gear 53 of the second gear stage 16b, the planet gears 54 of which also engage with the internal toothing 49 of the housing 15. The planet gears 54 are mounted on axles 55 which protrude from the bearing body 56. The bearing body 56 is connected in one piece to the output shaft 17, which is mounted in a bearing 57 at the end of the housing 15. The bearing 57 is accommodated in a head piece 58, which has an outer profile 59 for attaching an external (not shown) support element in order to divert the reaction force that arises when a screw is turned onto a stationary replacement bearing.

Zum Festziehen einer Schraube wird auf dem Kopf 18 der Ausgangswelle 17 eine Nuß aufgesetzt, die mit der zu drehenden Schraube verbunden wird. Die Antriebseinrichtung 10 dreht die Verteilerwelle 23, wodurch die Antriebsräder 26 und 27 gleichzeitig, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen, gedreht werden. Solange das Schraubmoment noch gering ist, drückt die Feder 38 das Kupplungsteil 32 gegen das Antriebsrad 26, so daß die Kugeln 44 sich in der Mitnahmebahn befinden und das Antriebsrad 26 über den Kupplungskörper 33 das Kupplungsteil 32 mitnimmt. Da die Klauen 35,36 in diesem Zustand außer Eingriff sind, dreht sich das Antriebsrad 27 leer auf dem Kupplungsteil 32. Die Abtriebswelle 28 wird daher mit der hohen Drehzahl und entsprechend geringem Drehmoment angetrieben. Die Drehung der Abtriebswelle 28 wird durch das Planetenradgetriebe 16 untersetzt und über die Ausgangswelle 17 auf die Schraube übertragen. Die lastabhängig schaltende Kupplung 14 befindet sich zwischen der Antriebseinrichtung 10 und dem Planetenradgetriebe 16, wo die zu übertragenden Drehmomente relativ niedrig sind, so daß die Kupplung 14 kleinformatig ausgeführt werden kann.To tighten a screw, a nut is placed on the head 18 of the output shaft 17, which is connected to the screw to be rotated. The drive device 10 rotates the distributor shaft 23, as a result of which the drive wheels 26 and 27 are rotated simultaneously, but at different speeds. As long as the screwing torque is still low, the spring 38 presses the coupling part 32 against the drive wheel 26, so that the balls 44 are in the driving path and the drive wheel 26 takes the coupling part 32 along via the coupling body 33. Since the claws 35.36 in this State are disengaged, the drive wheel 27 rotates empty on the coupling part 32. The output shaft 28 is therefore driven at the high speed and correspondingly low torque. The rotation of the output shaft 28 is reduced by the planetary gear 16 and transmitted to the screw via the output shaft 17. The load-dependent clutch 14 is located between the drive device 10 and the planetary gear 16, where the torques to be transmitted are relatively low, so that the clutch 14 can be made small.

Wenn das Lastmoment der Abtriebswelle 28 den Grenzwert übersteigt, verschiebt das Kupplungsteil 32 mit dem Führungselement 40 entlang der Flanken 39a der Führungskurve 39, so daß das Kupplungsteil 32 sich gegen das Antriebsrad 27 bewegt. Dadurch gelangen die Kugeln 44 von der Mitnahmebahn 45 in die Leerlaufbahn 46 und gleichzeitig gelangen die Klauen 35 und 36 in gegenseitigen Eingriff. Nun wird die Abtriebswelle 28 über die Zahnräder 25 und 27 mit geringerer Drehzahl und höherem Drehmoment angetrieben. Dieser Antrieb mit höherem Drehmoment und geringerer Drehzahl wird solange fortgesetzt, bis die Schraube festgezogen ist. Es erfolgt also kein ständiges Hin- und Herschalten zwischen hoher und niedriger Drehzahl.If the load torque of the output shaft 28 exceeds the limit value, the coupling part 32 moves with the guide element 40 along the flanks 39a of the guide curve 39, so that the coupling part 32 moves against the drive wheel 27. As a result, the balls 44 move from the carrier track 45 into the idle track 46 and at the same time the claws 35 and 36 come into mutual engagement. Now the output shaft 28 is driven via the gears 25 and 27 at a lower speed and higher torque. This drive with higher torque and lower speed continues until the screw is tightened. So there is no constant switching back and forth between high and low speed.

Wie sich aus Fig. 1 ergibt, verläuft die Achse des Planetenradgetriebes 16 koaxial zu derjenigen der Abtriebswelle 28. Die Welle 19 des Drehantriebs 10 ist demgegenüber seitlich versetzt.1, the axis of the planetary gear 16 runs coaxially to that of the output shaft 28. The shaft 19 of the rotary drive 10, in contrast, is laterally offset.

Dadurch, daß die Rastkupplung 33,34 auch dann durchrutschen kann, wenn ihre Teile in Eingriff sind, wird eine erhöhte Sicherheit der Kupplung gegen Beschädigungen erreicht. Außerdem wird verhindert, daß beim Schaltvorgang Antriebstöße übertragen werden.Characterized in that the locking clutch 33,34 can slip even when its parts are engaged increased clutch safety against damage. In addition, drive shocks are prevented from being transmitted during the switching process.

Die Rastkupplung nach den Fign. 2 bis 5 weist ferner eine Blockiervorrichtung 60 auf, die es ermöglicht, das bewegbare Kupplungsteil 32 nach Überschreiten der Grenzdrehzahl entgegen der Vorspannung der Feder 38 in der Laststellung festzuhalten. Beim Lösen schwergängiger Schraubverbindungen kann es vorkommen, daß das Losdrehmoment einen Wert erreicht, welcher für eine längere Zeitspanne etwa gleich dem Umschaltmoment der Kupplung ist. Wird das Drehmoment, bei dem das Umschalten des Kupplungsteils 32 erfolgt abwechselnd überschritten und unterschritten, so ergibt sich die Gefahr, daß die beiden Rastkupplungen 33,34 und 35,36 einem erhöhten Verschleiß ausgesetzt sind. Um dies zu verhindern, dient die Blockiervorrichtung 60. Diese weist einen drehbaren Handhebel 61 auf, der an einem im Gehäuse 13 gelagerten Schaft 62 befestigt ist. An dem Schaft 62 ist ein Nockenabschnitt 63 vorgesehen, gegen den ein Stift 64 stößt, welcher in einer Bohrung der Abtriebswelle 28 längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist. Dieser Stift 64 stößt gegen einen Querstift 65, dessen Enden aus der Abtriebswelle 28 herausragen und in eine die Abtriebswelle umgebende Hülse 66 eingreifen. Gegen diese Hülse 66 wird der Kupplungskörper 32 von der Feder 38 gedrückt. Durch Drehen des Handhebels 61 wird infolge des Nockenteils 63 der Stift 64 vorgeschoben, wodurch die Hülse 66 das Kupplungsteil 32 in diejenige Stellung drückt, die dem hohen Lastmoment entspricht und bei der die Klauen 35,36 in gegenseitigem Eingriff sind, während die erste Rastkupplung 33,34 gelöst ist. Wenn die erste Rastkupplung 33,34 durch ein hohes Lastmoment an der Ausgangswelle 28 gelöst und die Klauen 35,36 in gegenseitigen Eingriff gebracht worden sind, kann der Handhebel 61 ohne Überwindung einer größeren Gegenkraft gedreht werden, so daß die Hülse 66 dem Kupplungsteil 32 nachgeführt wird. Da die Kraftübertragung über den Schaft 62, das Nockenteil 63 und den Stift 64 selbsthemmend ist, kann durch den Druck der Feder 38 das Kupplungsteil 32 nicht in die Schnellgangposition zurückbewegt werden, wenn nicht der Handhebel 61 zuvor manuell in eine Stellung gedreht worden ist, in der die Hülse 66 von der Feder 38 fortbewegt wurde. Erforderlichenfalls kann eine Rasteinrichtung 67 vorgesehen sein, mit der der Handhebel 61 in der wirksamen Position und in der unwirksamen Position jeweils festgehalten wird.The snap coupling according to FIGS. 2 to 5 also have a blocking device 60, which makes it possible to hold the movable coupling part 32 in the load position after the limit speed has been exceeded against the bias of the spring 38. When loosening stiff screw connections it can happen that the release torque reaches a value which is approximately equal to the switching torque of the clutch for a longer period of time. If the torque at which the clutch part 32 is switched is alternately exceeded and undershot, there is a risk that the two latching clutches 33, 34 and 35, 36 are exposed to increased wear. To prevent this, the blocking device 60 is used. This has a rotatable hand lever 61 which is fastened to a shaft 62 mounted in the housing 13. A cam section 63 is provided on the shaft 62, against which a pin 64 abuts, which is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in a bore of the output shaft 28. This pin 64 abuts a cross pin 65, the ends of which protrude from the output shaft 28 and engage in a sleeve 66 surrounding the output shaft. The clutch body 32 is pressed against this sleeve 66 by the spring 38. By turning the hand lever 61, the pin 64 is advanced as a result of the cam part 63, as a result of which the sleeve 66 presses the coupling part 32 into the position which corresponds to the high load torque and in which the claws 35, 36 are in mutual engagement, while the first latching clutch 33 , 34 is solved. If the first locking clutch 33,34 by a high load torque on the output shaft 28 and the claws 35, 36 have been brought into mutual engagement, the hand lever 61 can be rotated without overcoming a greater counterforce, so that the sleeve 66 follows the coupling part 32. Since the power transmission via the shaft 62, the cam part 63 and the pin 64 is self-locking, the pressure of the spring 38 cannot move the coupling part 32 back into the overdrive position unless the hand lever 61 has been manually rotated into a position beforehand in which the sleeve 66 has been moved by the spring 38. If necessary, a locking device 67 can be provided with which the hand lever 61 is held in the effective position and in the ineffective position.

Fig. 6 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, das demjenigen des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels gleicht, mit Ausnahme der Tatsache, daß die Blockiervorrichtung 60 entfällt und durch eine Rastvorrichtung ersetzt ist. Diese Rastvorrichtung besteht aus einer Rastausnehmung 39c in der Führungskurve 39. In der Laststellung rastet das Führungselement 40 in der Rastausnehmung 39c gemäß Fig. 6 ein. Das Einrasten in der Rastausnehmung 39c erfordert eine geringere Kraft als das Ausrasten aus dieser Rastausnehmung. Auf diese Weise erhält das Umschaltverhalten der Kupplung eine Hysterese. Dies bedeutet, daß bei steigendem Lastmoment die Umschaltung auf eine niedrigere Drehzahl der Ausgangswelle bei einem geringen Drehmoment erfolgt als bei sinkendem Lastmoment die Umschaltung auf die höhere Ausgangsdrehzahl. Auf diese Weise wird im Grenzbereich des kritischen Lastmoments ein ständiges Umschalten der Kupplung vermieden.Fig. 6 shows another embodiment which is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the blocking device 60 is omitted and is replaced by a locking device. This latching device consists of a latching recess 39c in the guide curve 39. In the load position, the guide element 40 latches in the latching recess 39c according to FIG. 6. The latching in the latching recess 39c requires less force than the latching out of this latching recess. In this way, the switching behavior of the clutch receives a hysteresis. This means that when the load torque increases, the switchover to a lower speed of the output shaft takes place at a low torque than when the load torque decreases, the switchover to the higher output speed occurs. In this way, a constant switching of the clutch is avoided in the limit range of the critical load torque.

Claims (10)

  1. A power wrench having a coupling means (14) operated dependent on the rotational moment and having a motor-driven drive shaft and an output shaft (28), comprising
    a distributing shaft (23) driving a first drive gear (26) and a second drive gear (27) at different numbers of rotation,
    the first drive gear (26) being adapted for coupling to the output shaft (28) through a first coupling (33,34), and
    the second drive gear (27) being adapted for coupling to the output shaft (28) through a second coupling (35,36),
    characterized in
    that the first coupling (33,34) and the second coupling (35,36) are lock-in couplings comprising a movable common coupling member (32) taking along the output shaft (28) and being adapted to be alternately engaged with the first or the second coupling, and
    the coupling member (32) is biased in such a manner that the first coupling (33,34) is engaged before a rotational limit moment is reached at the output shaft (28) and the second coupling (35,36) is engaged when the rotational limit moment is exceeded.
  2. The power wrench according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling member (32) is coupled to the output shaft (28) by a guiding member (40) engaged with a guide curve (39) and is biased by a spring (38), in such a manner that the coupling member (32) is axially displaced by the guide curve (39) when said limiting rotational moment is exceeded.
  3. The power wrench according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide curve (39) defines a triangular opening against one corner of which the guiding member (40) is urged by the axial bias and which is symmetrical with regard to the axis of the output shaft (28).
  4. The power wrench according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the guide curve (39) is provided at the coupling member (32) and the guiding member (40) is provided at the output shaft (28).
  5. The power wrench according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one of the lock-in couplings (33,34) comprises at least one ball catch provided at the coupling member (32), the ball (44) of said ball catch engaging a driving track (45), having recesses formed therein, of a coupling body (33) connected to the first drive gear (26).
  6. The power wrench according to claim 5, characterized in that adjacent to said driving track (45) of said coupling body (33), said lock-in coupling (33,34) is provided with an idle run track (46) which takes up the balls (44) when the other lock-in coupling (35,36) is engaged.
  7. The power wrench according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said output shaft (28) bears a sun wheel (47) of a planet gear (16).
  8. The power wrench according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that there is provided a manually operable locking device (60) adapted to hold the movable coupling member (32) in the load position against said bias even when the respective rotational moment falls below the rotational limit moment.
  9. The power wrench according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that there is provided an engaging device for holding the movable coupling member (32) in the load position against said bias after said rotational limit moment has been exceeded.
  10. The power wrench according to claims 2 and 9, characterized in that said engaging device consists of an engaging recess (39c) in the guide curve (39) adapted for snap-engagement of the guiding member (40) therein.
EP88121554A 1988-01-23 1988-12-23 Powered wrench Expired - Lifetime EP0329852B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3801972 1988-01-23
DE3801972A DE3801972A1 (en) 1988-01-23 1988-01-23 POWER SCREWDRIVER

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329852A2 EP0329852A2 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0329852A3 EP0329852A3 (en) 1990-09-05
EP0329852B1 true EP0329852B1 (en) 1993-08-11

Family

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EP88121554A Expired - Lifetime EP0329852B1 (en) 1988-01-23 1988-12-23 Powered wrench

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US (1) US4966057A (en)
EP (1) EP0329852B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2867031B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3801972A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2042703T3 (en)

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DE3920471C1 (en) * 1989-06-22 1990-09-27 Wagner, Paul-Heinz, 5203 Much, De
SE464747B (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-06-10 Atlas Copco Tools Ab TWO SPEED POWER TRANSMISSION FOR A MOTOR POWER TOOL
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Also Published As

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ES2042703T3 (en) 1993-12-16
DE3801972A1 (en) 1989-08-03
US4966057A (en) 1990-10-30
JP2867031B2 (en) 1999-03-08
JPH01234175A (en) 1989-09-19
DE3883205D1 (en) 1993-09-16
EP0329852A3 (en) 1990-09-05
EP0329852A2 (en) 1989-08-30

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