EP0263807B1 - Pump element of a fuel pump for an injection combustion engine - Google Patents

Pump element of a fuel pump for an injection combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0263807B1
EP0263807B1 EP19870890209 EP87890209A EP0263807B1 EP 0263807 B1 EP0263807 B1 EP 0263807B1 EP 19870890209 EP19870890209 EP 19870890209 EP 87890209 A EP87890209 A EP 87890209A EP 0263807 B1 EP0263807 B1 EP 0263807B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bore
pump
piston
suction
delivery
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19870890209
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0263807A1 (en
Inventor
Stanislaw Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Bodzak
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Robert Bosch AG
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Robert Bosch AG
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Publication of EP0263807A1 publication Critical patent/EP0263807A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/001Pumps with means for preventing erosion on fuel discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pump element of a fuel injection pump for injection internal combustion engines, in which the pump piston liner has at least one suction and overflow bore, which is closed and opened again by control edges of the pump piston and the delivery end is determined by opening the suction and overflow bore, one in the In the region of the piston end face, the control edge arranged determines the start of delivery and a control edge arranged on the piston jacket, in particular at an angle, determines the end of delivery.
  • the fuel flows back through the suction and overflow bore from the working chamber of the pump into the suction chamber of the pump with increasing speed.
  • this fuel flow is suddenly interrupted, which creates a vacuum in the suction and overflow bores, which results in the formation of vapor bubbles.
  • the pump piston brings the fuel in the pump's working space to very high pressures of, for example, 1000 bar and more, and at the end of delivery this highly compressed fuel flows into the suction and overflow bores. Due to the pressure increase in the suction and overflow bores, these vapor bubbles implode, causing cavitation and erosion on the wall of the suction and overflow bores and also on the piston skirt and on the control edge.
  • the object of the invention is to counteract the occurrence of cavitation and erosion.
  • the invention essentially consists in that at least one of the bores of the pump piston bushing which cooperate with the control edge (s) which determine the conveying end and which open into the piston running surface of the pump piston bushing is closed off from the suction chamber and at least one into the Suction chamber opens, with the bore sealed off from the suction chamber at the end of delivery being opened approximately simultaneously with the control of the opening in the suction chamber by the control edge and via a line connection provided on the side of the piston end face facing the delivery end with the control edge determining the delivery end in the suction chamber opening can be connected.
  • the fuel that is removed reaches both the bore opening into the suction chamber and the bore closed off against the suction chamber.
  • the bore opening into the suction chamber now acts solely as a suction and overflow bore and the fuel entering the bore closed off against the suction chamber is deflected in this blind bore and reaches the bore opening into the suction chamber via the line connection.
  • the fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space enters the bore opening into the suction space, flushes away the vapor bubbles there and implodes them.
  • this hole which is sealed off from the suction chamber, is closed off by the pump piston jacket, and therefore no additional fuel jet is conducted into the bore connected to the suction chamber by this design at the end of delivery, so that the effect of removing the bubbles from the bore connected to the suction chamber is not can be reached.
  • the arrangement of these bores according to the invention is preferably such that the bore closed off from the suction chamber is opened earlier by the control edge of the pump piston which determines the delivery end than the bore opening into the suction chamber.
  • the fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space enters the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction space before the directly deactivated fuel jet.
  • the vapor bubbles located in the suction and overflow bore are partly carried away in the direction of the suction space and partially caused to implode, so that the cavitation and erosion caused by the imploding of the vapor bubbles on the one hand occur less at the critical point, namely on the pump piston and be diminished on the other hand.
  • the line connection provided in the pump piston is formed by a transverse bore in the pump piston. It is thereby achieved that the deflected fuel jet in the direction of the axis of the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber enter the latter, thereby improving the effect of conveying the vapor bubbles away towards the suction chamber.
  • the cross bore of the pump piston expediently opens into surface recesses, for example, on the piston skirt. It is thereby achieved that the deflected fuel jet also reaches the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber if the transverse bore does not exactly hit this suction and overflow bore when the piston is rotated.
  • the surface recesses are expediently elongated and lie parallel to the control edge which determines the conveying end. If the line connection is formed by a transverse bore, there is one on one side of the pump piston against the suction chamber closed bore and on the other hand, a suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber are provided. The pressure conditions are therefore not completely symmetrical and the piston may wear on one side.
  • the arrangement can also be such that the bore sealed off from the suction chamber and the bore of the pump piston sleeve opening into the suction chamber lie on the same side of the pump piston and the line connection provided in the piston is provided by an elongated surface recess, for example a bevel on the piston skirt , is formed, which overlaps both the bore sealed off from the suction space and the bore opening into the sag space.
  • a bore opening into the suction space and a bore closed off from the suction space can be arranged on the opposite sides of the pump piston liner. The fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space reaches the bore opening into the suction space via the surface recess.
  • the elongated surface recess preferably runs approximately parallel to the control edge of the pump piston which determines the delivery end.
  • Hiebei does not have the advantage that the redirected fuel jet strikes it as precisely as possible in the direction of the axis of the suction and overflow bore, but the advantage is achieved that the pressure distribution is completely symmetrical and therefore one-sided heavy wear on the piston is avoided .
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the functional principle of the design according to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, in which the line connection provided in the pump piston is formed by a transverse bore 1 in the pump piston 2.
  • 3 is the working area of the pump piston 2 and 4 is the pump piston sleeve.
  • the pump piston liner 4 has two bores 7 and 8 on the running surface 6 for the piston 2.
  • the bore 7 opens into the suction chamber 9 (FIG. 2) which surrounds the pump piston liner 4.
  • the bore 8 is closed against the suction chamber 9.
  • this hole 8 is shown as a blind hole.
  • this bore 8 is closed by a screwed plug 10.
  • the bores 7 and 8 are ground by oblique control edges 11 and 12 of the piston 2 at the injection end, whereby the delivery end is determined by overflow into the bores 7 and 8.
  • the bore 7 opening into the suction chamber 9 is smoothed by the control edge 11, the discharged fuel flows in a sharp jet in the direction of arrow 13 into the bore 7 and into the suction chamber 9, into which the bore 7 opens.
  • the fuel flows as soon as the control edge 12 opens the bore 8 into the bore 8 which is closed off from the suction chamber and is deflected in the bore 8 in the direction of the arrow 14 and reaches the transverse bore 1.
  • the deflected fuel jet emerges from this transverse bore 11 in the direction of arrow 15 approximately in the axial direction of the bore 7.
  • the axis of the transverse bore 1 lies above the axis of the bore 7 opening into the suction chamber.
  • the fuel jet emerging from the bore 1 therefore flows along the upper wall of the bore 7 in FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow 15 in this bore 7.
  • the direct fuel jet entering the bore 7 in the direction of the arrow 13 flows into the bore 7 with great energy and strikes the fuel jet emerging from the transverse bore 1, as a result of which the impact energy on the upper wall of the Boig.2 is shown, slightly higher than that Control edge 11 lie.
  • the closed bore 8 is opened by the higher control edge before the bore 7 is opened by the control edge 11.
  • the deflected fuel jet therefore enters the bore 7 opening into the suction space through the transverse bore 1 earlier than the direct fuel jet, which is deflected by the control edge 11. This has the effect that the steam bubbles located in this bore 7 are pushed towards the suction chamber and further that the fuel jet, which enters the bore 7 in the direction 13, is deflected so that this fuel jet is at a reduced angle on the opposite one Wall of the bore 7 hits.
  • the transverse bore 1 opens at both ends, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, into surface recesses 16 of the piston 2, which are formed by bevels, and these surface recesses 16 are elongated and run approximately parallel to the control edges 11 and 12. Through these surface recesses 16 is taken into account the different rotational positions of the pump piston 2.
  • the upper edge of the piston which at the same time forms the end face thereof, represents a control edge 17 which determines the start of delivery by grinding over the suction and overflow bore 7.
  • the distance a of the surface recess 16 from the control edge 12 is approximately equal to the distance b of the surface recess 16 from the control edge 17 that determines the start of delivery.
  • the bore 1 in the pump piston 2 has a smaller diameter than the suction and overflow bore 7 in the pump piston liner 4.
  • the bores 7 and 8 are provided on diametrically opposite sides of the pump piston 2 in the pump piston sleeve 4.
  • 7 and 8 show an embodiment in a development of the piston surface, in which the bores 7 and 8 are provided on the same side of the piston 2 in the pump piston sleeve 4.
  • the oblique control edge 12 opens the bores 7 and 8 when the piston is in the upward gear.
  • the bore 7 opens into the suction chamber and the bore 8 is closed against the suction chamber.
  • Both bores 7 and 8 are connected to one another via a surface recess or a bevel 16 of the piston 2, while the control edge 12 opens the bores 7 and 8. This surface recess 16 again runs approximately parallel to the oblique control edge 12.
  • the fuel jet When opening the bore 8, the fuel jet is deflected in the bore 8 and passes via the surface recess 16 in the direction of arrow 18 into the suction and overflow bore 7 opening into the suction chamber 7, the bore 7 is simultaneously opened by the oblique control edge and the direct fuel jet now enters the suction and overflow bore 7, as indicated by the arrow 19.
  • the arrangement can be such that the bore 8 is opened by the control edge 12 before the control edge 12 clears the bore 7.
  • the redirected fuel jet gets into the bore earlier than the direct fuel jet, so that the direction of the direct fuel jet is deflected away from the wall of the bore 7 by the redirected fuel jet occurring previously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Pumpenelement einer Brennstoffeinspritzpumpe für Einspritzbrennkraftmaschinen, bei welchem die Pumpenkolbenbüchse wenigstens eine Saug- und Überströmbohrung aufweist, die durch Steuerkanten des Pumpenkolbens geschlossen und wieder geöffnet wird und das Förderende durch Aufsteuern der Saug- und Überströmbohrung bestimmt wird, wobei eine im Bereich der Kolbenstirnfläche angeordnete Steuerkante den Förderbeginn und eine am Kolbenmantel angeordnete, insbesondere schräge, Steuerkante das Förderende bestimmt. Vor Abschluß der Saug- und Überströmbohrung durch die Oberkante des Kolbens strömt der Kraftstoff durch die Saug- und Überströmbohrung aus dem Arbeitsraum der Pumpe in den Saugraum der Pumpe mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit zurück. Bei Förderbeginn wird dieser Kraftstoffstrom schlagartig unterbrochen, was in der Saug- und Überströmbohrung einen Unterdruck entstehen läßt, der das Entstehen von Dampfblasen zur Folge hat. Durch den Pumpenkoiben wird der Kraftstoff im Arbeitsraum der Pumpe auf sehr hohe Drücke von beispielsweise 1000 bar und auch mehr gebracht und bei Förderende strömt dieser hochkomprimierte Kraftstoff in die Saug- und Überströmbohrung. Durch die Drucksteigerung in Saug- und Überströmbohrung implodieren diese Dampfblasen und es wird dadurch Kavitation und Erosion an der Wandung der Saug- und Überströmbohrung und auch am Kolbenmantel und an der Steuerkante verursacht.The invention relates to a pump element of a fuel injection pump for injection internal combustion engines, in which the pump piston liner has at least one suction and overflow bore, which is closed and opened again by control edges of the pump piston and the delivery end is determined by opening the suction and overflow bore, one in the In the region of the piston end face, the control edge arranged determines the start of delivery and a control edge arranged on the piston jacket, in particular at an angle, determines the end of delivery. Before the suction and overflow bore is closed through the upper edge of the piston, the fuel flows back through the suction and overflow bore from the working chamber of the pump into the suction chamber of the pump with increasing speed. At the start of delivery, this fuel flow is suddenly interrupted, which creates a vacuum in the suction and overflow bores, which results in the formation of vapor bubbles. The pump piston brings the fuel in the pump's working space to very high pressures of, for example, 1000 bar and more, and at the end of delivery this highly compressed fuel flows into the suction and overflow bores. Due to the pressure increase in the suction and overflow bores, these vapor bubbles implode, causing cavitation and erosion on the wall of the suction and overflow bores and also on the piston skirt and on the control edge.

Die Erfindung stellt sich zur Aufgabe, dem Auftreten von Kavitation und Erosion entgegenzuwirken. Zur Erfüllung dieser Aufgabe besteht die Erfindung im wesentlichen darin, daß von den mit der oder den das Förderende bestimmenden Steuerkante(n) zusammenwirkenden Bohrungen der Pumpenkolbenbüchse, welche in die Kolbenlauffläche der Pumpenkolbenbüchse münden, wenigstens eine gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossen ist und wenigstens eine in den Saugraum mündet, wobei die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung bei Förderende ungefähr gleichzeitig mit der durch die Steuerkante erfolgenden Aufsteuerung der in den Saugraum mündenden Bohrung durch die Steuerkante aufgesteuert wird und über eine an der der Kolbenstirnfläche zugewendeten Seite der das Förderende bestimmenden Steuerkante vorgesehene Leitungsverbindung mit der in den Saugraum mündenden Bohrung in Verbindung bringbar ist. Wenn nun die Bohrungen der Pumpenkolbenbüchse bei Förderende aufgesteuert werden, so gelangt der abgesteuerte Kraftstoff sowohl in die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung als auch in die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung. Die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung wirkt nun allein als Saug- und Überströmbohrung und der in die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung eintretende Kraftstoff wird in dieser Sackbohrung umgelenkt und gelangt über die Leitungsverbindung in die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung. Der in der gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossenen Bohrung umgelenkte Kraftstoffstrahl tritt in die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung, spült dort die Dampfblasen fort und bringt sie zum Implodieren.The object of the invention is to counteract the occurrence of cavitation and erosion. To achieve this object, the invention essentially consists in that at least one of the bores of the pump piston bushing which cooperate with the control edge (s) which determine the conveying end and which open into the piston running surface of the pump piston bushing is closed off from the suction chamber and at least one into the Suction chamber opens, with the bore sealed off from the suction chamber at the end of delivery being opened approximately simultaneously with the control of the opening in the suction chamber by the control edge and via a line connection provided on the side of the piston end face facing the delivery end with the control edge determining the delivery end in the suction chamber opening can be connected. If the bores of the pump piston liner are opened at the end of the delivery, the fuel that is removed reaches both the bore opening into the suction chamber and the bore closed off against the suction chamber. The bore opening into the suction chamber now acts solely as a suction and overflow bore and the fuel entering the bore closed off against the suction chamber is deflected in this blind bore and reaches the bore opening into the suction chamber via the line connection. The fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space enters the bore opening into the suction space, flushes away the vapor bubbles there and implodes them.

Aus der GB-PS 893 621 ist es bekanntgeworden, bei einem Einspritzpumpenelement gegenüber der mit dem Saugraum in Verbindung stehenden Bohrung eine gegenüber dem Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse anzuordnen, wobei eine Leitungsverbindung zwischen der gegenüber dem Saugraum abgeschlossenen Bohrung und der in den Saugraum mündenden Bohrung vorgesehen ist. Die gegenüber dem Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung wird hiebei knapp nach Förderbeginn kurzfristig aufgesteuert, wodurch die Einspritzung unterbrochen wird. Es wird auf diese Weise eine Zweistufeneinspritzung bzw. eine Voreinspritzung erreicht. Bei Förderende ist diese gegenüber dem Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung durch den Pumpenkolbenmantel abgeschlossen und es wird daher durch diese Ausbildung bei Förderende kein zusätzlicher Brennstoffstrahl in die mit dem Saugraum verbundene Bohrung geleitet, so daß der Effekt der Wegförderung der Blasen aus der mit dem Saugraum verbundenen Bohrung nicht erreicht werden kann.From GB-PS 893 621 it has become known to arrange a hole in the pump piston liner, which is closed off in relation to the suction chamber, in the case of an injection pump element opposite the bore connected to the suction chamber, with a line connection between the hole closed off in relation to the suction chamber and the one opening into the suction chamber Hole is provided. The hole that is closed off from the suction chamber is opened shortly after the start of production, thereby interrupting the injection. In this way, a two-stage injection or a pre-injection is achieved. At the end of delivery, this hole, which is sealed off from the suction chamber, is closed off by the pump piston jacket, and therefore no additional fuel jet is conducted into the bore connected to the suction chamber by this design at the end of delivery, so that the effect of removing the bubbles from the bore connected to the suction chamber is not can be reached.

Vorzugsweise ist die Anordnung dieser Bohrungen gemäß der Erfindung so getroffen, daß die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung von der das Förderende bestimmenden Steuerkante des Pumpenkolbens früher geöffnet wird als die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung. Auf diese Weise tritt der in der gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossenen Bohrung umgelenkte Kraftstoffstrahl vor dem direkten abgesteuerten Kraftstoffstrahl in die in den Saugraum mündende Saug- und Überströmbohrung ein. Durch diesen umgelenkten Kraftstoffstrahl werden die in der Saug- und Überströmbohrung befindlichen Dampfblasen teils in Richtung zum Saugraum weggefördert und teils zum Implodieren gebracht, so daß die durch das Implodieren der Dampfblasen bewirkte Kavitation und Erosion einerseits weniger an der kritischen Stelle, nämlich am Pumpenkolben, auftreten und anderseits vermindert werden.The arrangement of these bores according to the invention is preferably such that the bore closed off from the suction chamber is opened earlier by the control edge of the pump piston which determines the delivery end than the bore opening into the suction chamber. In this way, the fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space enters the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction space before the directly deactivated fuel jet. By means of this deflected fuel jet, the vapor bubbles located in the suction and overflow bore are partly carried away in the direction of the suction space and partially caused to implode, so that the cavitation and erosion caused by the imploding of the vapor bubbles on the one hand occur less at the critical point, namely on the pump piston and be diminished on the other hand.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die im Pumpenkolben vorgesehene Leitungsverbindung von einer Querbohrung des Pumpenkolbens gebildet. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß der umgelenkte Kraftstoffstrahl in Richtung der Achse der in den Saugraum mündenden Saug- und Überströmbohrung in diese eintreten, wodurch der Effekt des Wegförderns der Dampfblasen in Richtung zum Saugraum verbessert wird. Zweckmäßig mündet die Querbohrung des Pumpenkolbens in Oberflächenausnehmungen, beispielsweise Anschliffen, am Kolbenmantel. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß der umgelenkte Kraftstoffstrahl auch in die in den Saugraum mündende Saug- und Überströmbohrung gelangt, wenn bei der Verdrehung des Kolbens die Querbohrung nicht genau in diese Saug- und Überströmbohrung trifft. Hiebei sind gemäß der Erfindung zweckmäßig die Oberflächenausnehmungen langgestreckt und liegen parallel zu der das Förderende bestimmenden Steuerkante. Wenn die Leitungsverbindung von einer Querbohrung gebildet ist, so ist zu einer Seite des Pumpenkolbens eine gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung und zur anderen Seite eine in den Saugraum mündende Saug- und Überströmbohrung vorgesehen. Die Druckverhältnisse sind daher nicht völlig symmetrisch und es kann dadurch eine einseitige Abnützung des Kolbens auftreten. Gemäß der Erfindung kann aber auch die Anordnung so getroffen sein, daß die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung und die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung der Pumpenkolbenbüchse zur gleichen Seite des Pumpenkolbens liegen und die im Kolben vorgesehene Leitungsverbindung von einer langgestreckten Oberflächenausnehmung, beispielsweise einem Anschliff des Kolbenmantels, gebildet ist, welche sowohl die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung, als auch die in den Sagraum mündende Bohrung überschleift. Hiebei können an den gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Pumpenkolbenbüchse je eine in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung und eine gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung angeordnet sein. Der in der gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossenen Bohrung umgelenkte Krafttstoffstrahl gelangt hiebei über die Oberflächenausnehmung in die in den Saugraum mündende Bohrung. Auch in diesem Fall verläuft gemäß der Erfindung die langgestreckte Oberflächenausnehmung vorzugsweise ungefähr parallel zu der das Förderende bestimmenden Steuerkante des Pumpenkolbens. Hiebei wird zwar auf den Vorteil verzichtet, daß der umgelenkte Kraftstoffstrahl möglichst genau in Richtung der Achse der Saug- und Überströmbohrung in diese trifft, es wird aber der Vorteil erreicht, daß die Druckverteilung völlig symmetrisch ist und daher eine einseitige stärkere Abnützung des Kolbens vermieden wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the line connection provided in the pump piston is formed by a transverse bore in the pump piston. It is thereby achieved that the deflected fuel jet in the direction of the axis of the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber enter the latter, thereby improving the effect of conveying the vapor bubbles away towards the suction chamber. The cross bore of the pump piston expediently opens into surface recesses, for example, on the piston skirt. It is thereby achieved that the deflected fuel jet also reaches the suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber if the transverse bore does not exactly hit this suction and overflow bore when the piston is rotated. Here, according to the invention, the surface recesses are expediently elongated and lie parallel to the control edge which determines the conveying end. If the line connection is formed by a transverse bore, there is one on one side of the pump piston against the suction chamber closed bore and on the other hand, a suction and overflow bore opening into the suction chamber are provided. The pressure conditions are therefore not completely symmetrical and the piston may wear on one side. According to the invention, however, the arrangement can also be such that the bore sealed off from the suction chamber and the bore of the pump piston sleeve opening into the suction chamber lie on the same side of the pump piston and the line connection provided in the piston is provided by an elongated surface recess, for example a bevel on the piston skirt , is formed, which overlaps both the bore sealed off from the suction space and the bore opening into the sag space. In this case, a bore opening into the suction space and a bore closed off from the suction space can be arranged on the opposite sides of the pump piston liner. The fuel jet deflected in the bore sealed off from the suction space reaches the bore opening into the suction space via the surface recess. In this case too, according to the invention, the elongated surface recess preferably runs approximately parallel to the control edge of the pump piston which determines the delivery end. Hiebei does not have the advantage that the redirected fuel jet strikes it as precisely as possible in the direction of the axis of the suction and overflow bore, but the advantage is achieved that the pressure distribution is completely symmetrical and therefore one-sided heavy wear on the piston is avoided .

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen schematisch erläutert.

  • Fig.1 veranschaulicht in einem Teillängsschnitt durch das Pumpenelement das Prinzip der vorliegenden Erfindung. Fig.2, 3 und 4 stellen ein Pumpenelement nach dem Prinzip der Fig.1 dar, wobei
  • Fig.2 einen Längsschnitt nach Linie 11-11 der Fig.4,
  • Fig.3 eine Seitenansicht des Pumpenkolbens und
  • Fig.4 einen Querschnitt durch den Kolben nach Linie IV-IV der Fig.3 zeigen. Fig.5 und 6 zeigen ein Detail, wobei Fig.5 eine Abwicklung der Kolbenfläche und Fig.6 einen Schnitt nach Linie VI-VI der
  • Fig.5 darstellt. Fig.7 und 8 zeigen eine Variante, wobei Fig.7 eine Abwicklung des Kolbenmantels und Fig.8 einen Schnitt nach Linie VIII-VIII dieser Abwicklung darstellt.
In the drawing, the invention is explained schematically using exemplary embodiments.
  • 1 illustrates the principle of the present invention in a partial longitudinal section through the pump element. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 represent a pump element according to the principle of Fig.1, wherein
  • 2 shows a longitudinal section along line 11-11 of Figure 4,
  • 3 shows a side view of the pump piston and
  • Figure 4 shows a cross section through the piston along line IV-IV of Figure 3. 5 and 6 show a detail, with FIG. 5 a development of the piston surface and FIG. 6 a section along line VI-VI of FIG
  • Fig.5 represents. Fig. 7 and 8 show a variant, wherein Fig. 7 shows a development of the piston skirt and Fig. 8 shows a section along line VIII-VIII of this development.

Fig.1 zeigt das Funktionsprinzip der Ausbildung nach Fig.2, 3 und 4, bei welcher die im Pumpenkolben vorgesehene Leitungsverbindung durch eine Querbohrung 1 des Pumpenkolbens 2 gebildet wird. 3 ist der Arbeitsraum des Pumpenkolbens 2 und 4 ist die Pumpenkolbenbüchse. Durch den Anschluß 5 wird der Brennstoff aus dem Arbeitsraum 3 zur Brennstoffleitung geliefert. Die Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 weist an der Lauffläche 6 für den Kolben 2 zwei Bohrungen 7 und 8 auf. Die Bohrung 7 mündet in den Saugraum 9 (Fig.2), welcher die Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 umgibt. Die Bohrung 8 ist gegen den Saugraum 9 abgeschlossen. In Fig.1 ist diese Bohrung 8 als Sackbohrung dargestellt. In Fig.2 ist diese Bohrung 8 durch einen eingeschraubten Stopfen 10 abgeschlossen. Die Bohrungen 7 und 8 werden durch schräge Steuerkanten 11 und 12 des Kolbens 2 bei Einspritzende überschliffen, wodurch das Förderende durch Überströmung in die Bohrungen 7 und 8 bestimmt wird. Wenn die in den Saugraum 9 mündende Bohrung 7 durch die Steuerkante 11 überschliffen wird, strömt der abgesteuerte Brennstoff in einem scharfen Strahl in Richtung des Pfeiles 13 in die Bohrung 7 und in den Saugraum 9, in welchen die Bohrung 7 mündet. Ungefähr gleichzeitig strömt der Brennstoff, sobald die Steuerkante 12 die Bohrung 8 aufsteuert, in die gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossene Bohrung 8 und wird in der Bohrung 8 in Richtung des Pfeiles 14 umgelenkt und gelangt in die Querbohrung 1. Aus dieser Querbohrung 11 tritt der umgelenkte Brennstoffstrahl in Richtung des Pfeiles 15 ungefähr in Achsrichtung der Bohrung 7 in diese ein. Beim Überschleifen der Bohrungen 7 und 8 durch die Steuerkanten 11 und 12 liegt die Achse der Querbohrung 1 oberhalb der Achse der in den Saugraum mündenden Bohrung 7. Der aus der Bohrung 1 austretende Brennstoffstrahl strömt daher entlang der in Fig.1 oberen Wandung der Bohrung 7 in Richtung des Pfeiles 15 in diese Bohrung 7 ein. Der in Richtung des Pfeiles 13 in die Bohrung 7 eintretende direkte Brennstoffstrahl strömt mit großer Energie in die Bohrung 7 ein und trifft auf den aus der Querbohrung 1 austretenden Brennstoffstrahl, wodurch die Auftreffenergie auf die obere Wandung der Boig.2 dargestellt, geringfügig höher als die Absteuerkante 11 liegen. In diesem Falle wird durch die höher liegende Steuerkante die abgeschlossene Bohrung 8 aufgesteuert, bevor die Bohrung 7 durch die Steuerkante 11 aufgesteuert wird. Es tritt daher der umgelenkte Brennstoffstrahl durch die Querbohrung 1 früher in die den Saugraum mündende Bohrung 7 ein als der direkte Brennstoffstrahl, welcher durch die Steuerkante 11 abgesteuert wird. Dies hat den Effekt, daß die in dieser Bohrung 7 befindlichen Dampfblasen in Richtung zum Saugraum abgedrängt werden und weiters daß eine Umlenkung des Brennstoffstrahles, der in Richtung 13 in die Bohrung 7 eintritt, stattfindet, so daß dieser Brennstoffstrahl mit einem verringerten Winkel auf der gegenüberliegenden Wandung der Bohrung 7 auftrifft.1 shows the functional principle of the design according to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, in which the line connection provided in the pump piston is formed by a transverse bore 1 in the pump piston 2. 3 is the working area of the pump piston 2 and 4 is the pump piston sleeve. Through the connection 5, the fuel is supplied from the work space 3 to the fuel line. The pump piston liner 4 has two bores 7 and 8 on the running surface 6 for the piston 2. The bore 7 opens into the suction chamber 9 (FIG. 2) which surrounds the pump piston liner 4. The bore 8 is closed against the suction chamber 9. In Figure 1, this hole 8 is shown as a blind hole. In Figure 2, this bore 8 is closed by a screwed plug 10. The bores 7 and 8 are ground by oblique control edges 11 and 12 of the piston 2 at the injection end, whereby the delivery end is determined by overflow into the bores 7 and 8. When the bore 7 opening into the suction chamber 9 is smoothed by the control edge 11, the discharged fuel flows in a sharp jet in the direction of arrow 13 into the bore 7 and into the suction chamber 9, into which the bore 7 opens. At approximately the same time, the fuel flows as soon as the control edge 12 opens the bore 8 into the bore 8 which is closed off from the suction chamber and is deflected in the bore 8 in the direction of the arrow 14 and reaches the transverse bore 1. The deflected fuel jet emerges from this transverse bore 11 in the direction of arrow 15 approximately in the axial direction of the bore 7. When the bores 7 and 8 are smoothed by the control edges 11 and 12, the axis of the transverse bore 1 lies above the axis of the bore 7 opening into the suction chamber. The fuel jet emerging from the bore 1 therefore flows along the upper wall of the bore 7 in FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow 15 in this bore 7. The direct fuel jet entering the bore 7 in the direction of the arrow 13 flows into the bore 7 with great energy and strikes the fuel jet emerging from the transverse bore 1, as a result of which the impact energy on the upper wall of the Boig.2 is shown, slightly higher than that Control edge 11 lie. In this case, the closed bore 8 is opened by the higher control edge before the bore 7 is opened by the control edge 11. The deflected fuel jet therefore enters the bore 7 opening into the suction space through the transverse bore 1 earlier than the direct fuel jet, which is deflected by the control edge 11. This has the effect that the steam bubbles located in this bore 7 are pushed towards the suction chamber and further that the fuel jet, which enters the bore 7 in the direction 13, is deflected so that this fuel jet is at a reduced angle on the opposite one Wall of the bore 7 hits.

Die Querbohrung 1 mündet an beiden Enden, wie Fig.5 und 6 zeigen, in Oberflächenausnehmungen 16 des Kolbens 2, welche von Anschliffen gebildet sind, und diese Oberflächenausnehmungen 16 sind langgestreckt und verlaufen ungefähr parallel zu den Steuerkanten 11 und 12. Durch diese Oberflächenausnehmungen 16 wird den verschiedenen Drehstellungen des Pumpenkolbens 2 Rechnung getragen. Die Oberkante des Kolbens, welche gleichzeitig die Stirnfläche desselben bildet, stellt eine Steuerkante 17 dar, welche durch Überschleifen der Saug- und Überströmbohrung 7 den Förderbeginn bestimmt. Wie Fig.3 zeigt, ist der Abstand a der Oberfl ächenausnehmung 16 von der Steuerkante 12 ungefähr gleich dem Abstand b der Oberflächenausnehmung 16 von der den Förderbeginn bestimmenden Steuerkante 17. Die Bohrung 1 im Pumpenkolben 2 weist einen kleineren Durchmesser auf als die Saug- und Überströmbohrung 7 in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4.The transverse bore 1 opens at both ends, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, into surface recesses 16 of the piston 2, which are formed by bevels, and these surface recesses 16 are elongated and run approximately parallel to the control edges 11 and 12. Through these surface recesses 16 is taken into account the different rotational positions of the pump piston 2. The upper edge of the piston, which at the same time forms the end face thereof, represents a control edge 17 which determines the start of delivery by grinding over the suction and overflow bore 7. As FIG. 3 shows, the distance a of the surface recess 16 from the control edge 12 is approximately equal to the distance b of the surface recess 16 from the control edge 17 that determines the start of delivery. The bore 1 in the pump piston 2 has a smaller diameter than the suction and overflow bore 7 in the pump piston liner 4.

Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach Fig.1 bis 6 sind die Bohrungen 7 und 8 an diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Pumpenkolbens 2 in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 vorgesehen. Fig.7 und 8 zeigen in einer Abwicklung der Kolbenfläche eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher die Bohrungen 7 und 8 zur gleichen Seite des Kolbens 2 in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 vorgesehen sind. Durch die schräge Steuerkante 12 werden die Bohrungen 7 und 8 beim Aufwärtsgang des Kolben geöffnet. Die Bohrung 7 mündet wieder in den Saugraum und die Bohrung 8 ist gegen den Saugraum abgeschlossen. Beide Bohrungen 7 und 8 stehen über eine Oberflächenausnehmung bzw. einen Anschliff 16 des Kolbens 2 miteinander in Verbindung, während die Steuerkante 12 die Bohrungen 7 und 8 aufsteuert. Diese Oberflächenausnehmung 16 verläuft wieder ungefähr parallel zur schrägen Steuerkante 12. Beim Aufsteuern der Bohrung 8 wird der Brennstoffstrahl in der Bohrung 8 umgelenkt und gelangt über die Oberflächenausnehmung 16 in Richtung des Pfeiles 18 in die in den Saugraum mündende Saug- und Überströmbohrung 7. Bei der Darstellung der Fig.7 wird gleichzeitig auch die Bohrung 7 durch die schräge Steuerkante aufgesteuert und es tritt nun der direkte Brennstoffstrahl in die Saug- und Überströmbohrung 7 ein, wie dies durch den Pfeil 19 angedeutet ist. Es kann auch hier wieder die Anordnung so getroffen sein, daß die Bohrung 8 durch die Steuerkante 12 aufgesteuert wird, bevor die Steuerkante 12 die Bohrung 7 freigibt. In diesem Falle gelangt der umgelenkte Brennstoffstrahl früher als der direkte Brennstoffstrahl in die Bohrung, so daß die Richtung des direkten Brennstoffstrahles durch den vorher auftretenden umgelenkten Brennstoffstrahl von der Wand der Bohrung 7 weggelenkt wird. Es wird hiebei ein Wegfördern der Dampfblasen in Richtung zum Saugraum 9 durch den umgelenkten Brennstoffstrahl mit besserem Effekt erfolgen, da der direkte Brennstoffstrahl erst in die Saug- und Überströmbohrung 7 gelangt, wenn die Dampfblasen durch den umgelenkten Brennstoffstrahl bereits in Richtung zum Saugraum abgedrängt sind. Da bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig.7 und 8 die Bohrungen 7 und 8 zur selben Seite des Kolbens 2 in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 angeordnet sind, können zur gegenüberliegenden Seite des Pumpenkolbens 2 ebensolche Bohrungen 7 und 8 in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse 4 vorgesehen sein, in welchem Fall der gesamte Saugquerschnitt und der gesamte Überströmquerschnitt verdoppelt wird. Dadurch ist die Kolbenausführung zentrisch symmetrisch und es erfolgt keine einseitig und damit ungleichmäßige Anpressung des Pumpenkolbens an die Pumpenkolbenbüchse.In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6, the bores 7 and 8 are provided on diametrically opposite sides of the pump piston 2 in the pump piston sleeve 4. 7 and 8 show an embodiment in a development of the piston surface, in which the bores 7 and 8 are provided on the same side of the piston 2 in the pump piston sleeve 4. The oblique control edge 12 opens the bores 7 and 8 when the piston is in the upward gear. The bore 7 opens into the suction chamber and the bore 8 is closed against the suction chamber. Both bores 7 and 8 are connected to one another via a surface recess or a bevel 16 of the piston 2, while the control edge 12 opens the bores 7 and 8. This surface recess 16 again runs approximately parallel to the oblique control edge 12. When opening the bore 8, the fuel jet is deflected in the bore 8 and passes via the surface recess 16 in the direction of arrow 18 into the suction and overflow bore 7 opening into the suction chamber 7, the bore 7 is simultaneously opened by the oblique control edge and the direct fuel jet now enters the suction and overflow bore 7, as indicated by the arrow 19. Again, the arrangement can be such that the bore 8 is opened by the control edge 12 before the control edge 12 clears the bore 7. In this case, the redirected fuel jet gets into the bore earlier than the direct fuel jet, so that the direction of the direct fuel jet is deflected away from the wall of the bore 7 by the redirected fuel jet occurring previously. The steam bubbles will be conveyed away in the direction of the suction chamber 9 by the deflected fuel jet with a better effect, since the direct fuel jet only reaches the suction and overflow bore 7 when the steam bubbles have already been displaced in the direction of the suction chamber by the deflected fuel jet. Since in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 the bores 7 and 8 are arranged on the same side of the piston 2 in the pump piston bushing 4, such bores 7 and 8 can also be provided in the pump piston bushing 4 on the opposite side of the pump piston, in which case the entire suction cross section and the entire overflow cross section are doubled. As a result, the piston design is centrically symmetrical and there is no one-sided and therefore uneven pressing of the pump piston against the pump piston sleeve.

Claims (8)

1. Pump element of a fuel injection pump for injection-type internal combustion engines in which the pump cylinder lining (4) has at least one suction and overflow bore (7) over which control edges (11, 12, 17) of the pump piston (2) slide and the end of delivery is determined by regulation of the suction and overflow bore (7), the start of delivery being determined by a control edge (17) disposed in the region of the face of the piston and the end of delivery being determined by at least one, especially oblique, control edge (11, 12) disposed on the piston skirt, characterised in that, of bores (7, 8) in the pump cylinder lining (4) which function together with the control edge(s) (11, 12) determining the end of delivery at least one bore (8) is closed off from the suction area and at least one bore (7) opens into the suction area, the bore (8) which is closed off from the suction area (9) being regulated at the end of delivery by the control edge (12) approximately simultaneously with the regulation of the bore (7) which opens out into the suction area by the control edge (11) and being capable of being connected with the bore opening (7) into the suction area (9) via a channel connection (1, 16) provided on the side of the control edge (11, 12) controlling the end of delivery which faces the face (17) of the piston.
2. A pump element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the channel connection provided in the pump piston is formed by a transverse bore (1) in the pump piston (2).
3. A pump element as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the bore (8) which is closed off from the suction area is slid over by the control edge (11, 12) of the pump piston (2) determining the end of delivery slightly earlier than the bore opening into the suction area.
4. A pump element as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the transverse bore (1) in the pump piston (2) opens into surface recesses (16), for instance ground notches, in the cylinder lining.
5. A pump element as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the surface recesses (16) are elongated and run parallel to the control edge (11, 12) determining the end of delivery.
6. A pump element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the transverse bore (1) in the pump piston (2) has a smaller diameter than the suction and/or overflow bore (7) in the cylinder lining (4).
7. A pump element as claimed in Claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the bore (8) which is closed off from the suction area and the bore (7) in the cylinder lining (4) which opens into the suction area are on the same side of the pump piston (2) and the channel connection provided in the piston is formed by an elongated surface recess (16), for instance a ground groove in the piston skirt, which slides over both the bore (8) which is closed off from the suction area and the bore (7) which opens into the suction area.
8. A pump element as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the longated surface recess (16) runs approximately parallel to the control edge (11, 12) of the pump piston (2) which determines the end of delivery.
EP19870890209 1986-09-10 1987-09-10 Pump element of a fuel pump for an injection combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0263807B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2439/86 1986-09-10
AT243986A AT399921B (en) 1986-09-10 1986-09-10 PUMP ELEMENT OF A FUEL INJECTION PUMP FOR INJECTION COMBUSTION ENGINES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0263807A1 EP0263807A1 (en) 1988-04-13
EP0263807B1 true EP0263807B1 (en) 1990-01-10

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ID=3534375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870890209 Expired - Lifetime EP0263807B1 (en) 1986-09-10 1987-09-10 Pump element of a fuel pump for an injection combustion engine

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0263807B1 (en)
AT (1) AT399921B (en)
DE (1) DE3761392D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4304084A1 (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-08-25 Orange Gmbh Injection pump element with bevelled control edges

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4006409A1 (en) * 1990-03-01 1991-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR INJECTION COMBUSTION ENGINES
US5887790A (en) * 1996-11-07 1999-03-30 Caterpillar Inc. Unit injector having a cavitation pressure control mechanism
JP5964061B2 (en) * 2012-01-25 2016-08-03 三菱重工業株式会社 Deflector, fuel injection pump

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB893621A (en) * 1959-06-30 1962-04-11 Ceskoslovenske Zd Y Naftovych Improvements in and relating to fuel injection pumps
DE2422259A1 (en) * 1974-05-08 1975-11-20 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Fuel injector pump - with delivery rate dependent on plunger position with respect to elliptical fuel return opening
US4222717A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-09-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Fuel injection pump
AT378243B (en) * 1982-03-30 1985-07-10 Friedmann & Maier Ag INJECTION PUMP FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4304084A1 (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-08-25 Orange Gmbh Injection pump element with bevelled control edges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0263807A1 (en) 1988-04-13
AT399921B (en) 1995-08-25
ATA243986A (en) 1994-12-15
DE3761392D1 (en) 1990-02-15

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