EP0262938B1 - Système de traduction de langue - Google Patents
Système de traduction de langue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0262938B1 EP0262938B1 EP87308638A EP87308638A EP0262938B1 EP 0262938 B1 EP0262938 B1 EP 0262938B1 EP 87308638 A EP87308638 A EP 87308638A EP 87308638 A EP87308638 A EP 87308638A EP 0262938 B1 EP0262938 B1 EP 0262938B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phrase
- phrases
- input
- keyword
- language
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
- G06F40/42—Data-driven translation
- G06F40/44—Statistical methods, e.g. probability models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
- G06F40/42—Data-driven translation
- G06F40/45—Example-based machine translation; Alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
- G06F40/55—Rule-based translation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/06—Foreign languages
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
- G09B5/04—Electrically-operated educational appliances with audible presentation of the material to be studied
Definitions
- This invention relates to a system for translating phrases from a first language to a second language, and in particular but not exclusively to such a system for producing speech in a second language from speech in a first language.
- BE-A-873458 which dates from 1979, there is described a computerised translation process for written language.
- Each of the words of the input text is compared with dictionaries of source language words.
- each source language word is stored with grammatical information and target language translations.
- the processed words of the source text are analysed, at the rate of one sentence at a time, on a syntactical and semantic basis using the stored grammatical information to ensure correct translation.
- the system according to the present invention generates a target language output in response to a source language input without in the meanwhile having to carry out a contextual or semantic analysis.
- the system according to the invention operates on the basis of keywords, a relatively small number of keywords serving to characterise and differentiate a much larger number of phrases. Hence even relatively simple speech recognizers, having modest vocabularies, can be used to provide a speech-based language translation system capable of providing accurate translations of large numbers of phrases.
- Such a system provides very quick translation, the time required being that to identify/characterise the input phrase and that to look up the "answer" in the second language.
- the system can also be implemented to give the user providing the input confirmation that she/he has been recognised/understood correctly by the system, which is of course particularly important in speech translation systems.
- the system also makes possible rapid translation into several second languages simultaneously; essentially all that need be added are further stores holding collections of phrases in each of the additional second languages.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the principal components of a system according to the invention.
- the present invention is based on our appreciation that it is possible to characterise and capture the semantic content of a large number of distinct phrases by means of a very much smaller number of keywords. With appropriate selection of the keywords it is possible to use existing, commercially available speech recognisers, which are only capable of recognising considerably fewer words than would be contained in a usefully large set of phrases, to characterise and differentiate a large set of phrases.
- a suitable search procedure is as follows:
- the final keyword list contains the optimal set of M single keywords for phrase identification.
- pairs of keywords enhances the value of the component single words if further phrase confusions are resolved.
- the search for word pairs which are not necessarily contiguous but separated by different numbers of other words again begins with the preparation of a frequency ordering. Word pairs with both component words in the M keywords are made from the ordered list if they resolve any remaining phrase confusions. The final list of single keywords and pairs of keywords are each scored as before and an overall phrase confusion score E computed.
- the next word pair candidate is taken from the top of the frequency ordering and appended to the keyword list.
- the single keywords in the appended word pair which are not already present are also added and an equal number of the worst performing single keywords deleted. This may cause other word pairs to be deleted if their component words are no longer present.
- a new value (E') of E is computed. If an improvement is obtained and E' ⁇ E, the most recent modifications of the keyword list are retained, otherwise the list is restored to its previous state. Further word pairs are processed from the frequency ordering, although as with the single keyword search, other heuristics may be used to provide candidate word pairs.
- the method extends to larger keyword groupings (>2 words), but as the frequency of occurrence decreases, the contribution to the resolution of phrase confusions are only significant in a very large corpus of phrases.
- the quantity of computation involved in the search for keywords increases with the number of keywords and the number of phrases. This may be reduced by first running the algorithm on a subset of phrases which are confused or very close to being confused.
- the keywords and their scores so obtained provide a more efficient ordering of candidate keywords to the main algorithm which will work with a more complete set of phrases.
- keywords may be extended to keyword-parts (e.g. phonemes ) which occur again with higher frequency and which bear more phrase distinguishing information than the whole words. Moreover the identification of certain word-parts in continuous speech is often easier than complete words, and is therefore preferable in a translation system which accepts continuous speech input.
- keyword is for the sake of brevity used to refer to both whole keywords and to parts of keywords.
- the original utterance or some transform of the original utterance may be stored in a buffer and the recognition process may be repeated, once the phrase class has been determined, using the set of keywords which are expected in the subordinate word strings particular to that phrase class.
- the recognition apparatus never has to cope with the total vocabulary, with its many potential word confusions, at once, but appears to the user to do so.
- the speed of the second recognition process is not limited by the speed of the original utterance and can in principle be carried out much faster than real time and hence not necessarily introduce noticeable delays.
- the iterations of recognition may be carried out as many times as is necessary to identify the required phrase and its substructure. It thus becomes possible to 'nest' the recognition process, the phrase being characterised in numerous separate stages, the recogniser at each stage drawing on a different vocabulary of keywords.
- This particular aspect of the invention also has significant benefits when employed for the translation of text where the computational costs of searching large dictionaries can be reduced dramatically by using a similar hierarchy of smaller dictionaries and phrasebooks.
- Some subordinate phrases do not need to be translated and often in these cases it would not in general be possible to recognise automatically the words in these phrases. The commonest case of this occurs in utterances which make reference to labels such as proper nouns: eg. "Can I speak to Mr Smith please?".
- the system can identify the phrase class together with the locations of words in the buffer which correspond to the label reference. The processing of such label reference words during translation is then simply the transmission of the original acoustic signal in the appropriate place in the target language utterance.
- the synthesised target language voice should match the voice of the original speaker and it is a requirement of text-to-speech synthesisers that certain speech parameters can be set so that such matching can be achieved as far as possible (eg. old/young, male/female).
- the system indicates what phrase in the input language it will translate. In order to be able to do this, the system is provided with a store holding the full repertoire of phrases in the input language.
- the phrases are stored as text, in for example ASCII coded form, since that reduces the storage requirement very considerably compared to that needed for conventionally companded or non-companded speech.
- the text is retrieved from store and passed to a text to speech converter and speech synthesiser.
- ASCII coded text storage 1 byte per character is needed, which means that about 10,000 phrases could be stored with half a megabyte of storage.
- a system providing translation of about 10,000 phrases would require about 1 megabyte of storage - which is easily provided on hard disc.
- Two-way communication is possible using two symmetrically constructed translation systems. This has the advantage that each unit is only concerned with recognising and synthesising words in the language of the person operating that unit.
- Communication with the second unit is by means of a protocol which specifies the phrase and the contents of any subordinate phrases.
- the protocol is independent of language and hence allows messages to be transmitted without the need to identify the target language. In addition it allows people using many different languages to receive simultaneously translations from the output of a single unit.
- a demonstration system connected to a telephone network, has been run to demonstrate the feasibility of the phrase-book approach.
- the demonstration system uses a Votan speech recogniser, an Infovox speech synthesiser and an IBM PC XT computer.
- the Votan speech recogniser is capable of recognizing up to 64 continuously spoken words over a telephone network. Allowing for system control words such as "yes”, “no”, “quit” and “enter”, upto 60 words can be chosen to be keywords. None of the system control words are allowed to appear in the input phrases, so where it is possible it may be preferable to use control buttons or keys rather than spoken commands.
- the store of phrases consists of 400 English phrases and their French equivalents.
- the demonstration system on recognising the keyword(s), accesses the appropriate phrase, confirms it (orally) with the user and outputs the French equivalent via a text to speech synthesiser.
- text-to-speech synthesis is not essential to this invention. It is quite feasible, indeed advantageous, to synthesise target language speech from pre-recorded or coded words and phrases. This has the advantage that such speech may be recorded by the user and hence will acoustically match any embedded speech, and removes the need for text-to-speech synthesis. This approach also removes the need for text-to-speech synthesis in the languages of important countries where such technology is unlikely to produce useable hardware in the immediate future - for example Hindi and Arabic.
- the present invention is of course applicable to text-to-text, text-to-speech or speech-to-text translation.
- a particularly useful application is in the field of office automation, where a speech activated foreign language text producing machine could readily be implemented. Essentially, such a machine would use the speech recogniser, software and control system described above, but output the second language text to a printer or telex or other telecommunications link. It would of course be a simple matter to provide the standard phrases of everyday business correspondence in several languages.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Machine Translation (AREA)
Claims (16)
- Un système de traduction de phrases à mots multiples à partir d'une première langue dans une deuxième langue, comprenant des moyens d'entrée recevant une phrase d'entrée dans la première langue; une mémoire dans laquelle sont stockées un jeu de phrases dans la deuxième langue; des moyens de caractérisation reliés auxdits moyens d'entrée pour déterminer quelle phrase parmi les phrases collectées correspond à la phrase d'entrée, et pour commander la sortie de cette phrase; et des moyens de sortie sensibles aux moyens de caractérisation, pour la phrase déterminée dans la deuxième langue;
dans lequel les moyens de caractérisation comprennent des moyens d'identification, dans la phrase d'entrée, de la présence, d'au moins, un mot-clef ou d'une partie de mot-clef d'un jeu de mots-clefs ou de parties de mots-clefs prédéterminés, et pour choisir en fonction de ces mots-clefs ou parties de mots-clefs identifiés, ladite phrase correspondante dans la collection de phrases stockées;
le système étant caractérisé en ce que le nombre de membres dudit jeu est inférieur au nombre de phrases collectées. - Un système selon la revendication 1, le système comprenant des premier et second terminaux fonctionnant en liaison, par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison de transmission de données, le premier terminal comprenant lesdits moyens d'entrée et lesdits moyens de caractérisation; le second terminal comprenant ladite mémoire et lesdits moyens de sortie; dans lequel ledit premier terminal comprend en outre des moyens pour émettre un message à transmettre audit second terminal par l'intermédiaire de ladite liaison de transmission de données, ledit message indiquant quelle phrase de ladite collection de phrases correspond à ladite phrase d'entrée.
- Un système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les moyens de caractérisation appliquent un premier jeu de mots-clefs pour déterminer à quelle phrase ou groupe de phrases, éventuellement, parmi ladite collection de phrases, la phrase d'entrée correspond et, dans le cas où il est trouvé que la phrase d'entrée correspond à l'une des phrases indéterminées d'un groupe de phrases, les moyens de caractérisation appliquent un second jeu de mots-clefs pour déterminer à quelle phrase d'un groupe de phrases correspond la phrase d'entrée.
- Un système selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, dans lequel les moyens de caractérisation comprennent un identificateur de parole.
- Un système selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, dans lequel lesdits moyens d'entrée sont capables d'accepter des entrées vocales, et lesdits moyens de sortie émettent des sorties vocales.
- Un système selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, dans lequel il est prévu des moyens de validation de parties de ladite phrase d'entrée à transmettre non traduites auxdits moyens de sortie afin de les émettre comme parties de phrase dans la deuxième langue.
- Un système selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un clavier pour envoyer un message d'entrée auxdits moyens d'entrée et des moyens pour fournir une sortie de texte dans ladite deuxième langue.
- Un système selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications pour donner des traductions à partir d'une première langue dans l'une quelconque d'une pluralité de secondes langues, une collection de phrases dans chacune de ladite pluralité de secondes langues étant stockée dans une mémoire respective.
- Un système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque phrase de ladite collection comprend, au moins, un mot-clef ou une partie de mot-clef et chaque phrase de ladite collection contient uniquement un mot-clef, une partie de mot-clef ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
- Un système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits moyens de caractérisation agissent pour déterminer ladite phrase correspondante sans comparer lesdits mots-clefs détectés à une collection de phrases dans ladite première langue.
- Un système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens d'identification de mots-clefs contiennent un jeu de mots-clefs choisis de façon optimale pour un jeu souhaité d'une pluralité de phrases à identifier et identifie la correspopndance entre ladite phrase d'entrée et une phrase de ladite collection de phrases mémorisée en réponse à la présence détectée d'une pluralité desdits mots-clefs dans ladite phrase d'entrée;
le système comprenant en outre des moyens de sortie reliés en service auxdits moyens d'identification de mots-clefs et à ladite mémoire pour sélectionner et sortir une phrase de sortie de ladite mémoire, correspondant à ladite phrase d'entrée, en réponse à la présence desdits mots-clefs détectés dans ladite phrase d'entrée. - Un système selon la revendication 11, dans lequel lesdits moyens d'identification de mots-clefs comprennent des moyens formant mémoire de mots-clefs pour ne stocker sous forme de mots-clefs qu'un jeu secondaire optimal de mots rencontrés dans ladite collection de phrases à identifier, ledit jeu secondaire optimal étant déterminé auparavant comme étant le plus utile pour distinguer entre les phrases de ladite collection, les phrases à mots multiples que l'on souhaite identifier.
- Un système selon la revendication 12, dans lequel :
lesdits moyens d'identification de mots-clefs contiennent une pluralité K de mots-clefs; et
ladite collection de phrases d'entrée à identifier comprend N phrases d'entrée, N étant supérieur à K. - Un système pour la traduction de phrases à mots multiples à partir d'une première langue dans une deuxième langue, comprenant:
une mémoire pour stocker une collection de phrases dans la deuxième langue;
des moyens d'entrée pour recevoir une phrase dans la première langue;
des moyens de caractérisation reliés auxdits moyens d'entrée pour déterminer quelle phrase de ladite collection correspond à ladite phrase d'entrée, lesdits moyens de caractérisation comprenant des moyens de détection de mots-clefs pour déterminer dans ladite phrase d'entrée la présence de membres d'un jeu prédéterminé de mots-clefs ou de parties de mots-clefs dans ladite première langue;
des moyens de consultation ou de recherche agencés pour avoir accès à ladite mémoire afin d'adresser la phrase correspondant à la phrase d'entrée en fonction du mot-clef ou des parties de mots-clefs ou d'une combinaison de ceux-ci, détectés par les moyens de caractérisation dans la phrase d'entrée;
et des moyens de sortie agissant en réponse auxdits moyens de consultation pour émettre ladite phrase dans ladite deuxième langue;
et caractérisé en ce que ledit jeu prédéterminé est inférieur au nombre total de mots des phrases dans ladite première langue qui correspondrait à ladite collection de phrases. - Un système selon la revendication 14, dans lequel il n'existe aucune correspondance à un pour un entre les mots-clefs et les phrases d'entrée à identifier.
- Un système selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans lequel les moyens d'entrée acceptent des entrées vocales, les moyens de caractérisation comprenant des moyens d'identification de parole.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87308638T ATE98792T1 (de) | 1986-10-03 | 1987-09-29 | Sprachenuebersetzungssystem. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB868623839A GB8623839D0 (en) | 1986-10-03 | 1986-10-03 | Language translsation system |
GB8623839 | 1986-10-03 | ||
GB8710376 | 1987-05-01 | ||
GB878710376A GB8710376D0 (en) | 1986-10-03 | 1987-05-01 | Language translation system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0262938A1 EP0262938A1 (fr) | 1988-04-06 |
EP0262938B1 true EP0262938B1 (fr) | 1993-12-15 |
Family
ID=26291375
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87308638A Expired - Lifetime EP0262938B1 (fr) | 1986-10-03 | 1987-09-29 | Système de traduction de langue |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0262938B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2848458B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1029170C (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1294056C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3788488T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2047494T3 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK136196A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2070734C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1988002516A1 (fr) |
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- 1987-09-29 CA CA000548094A patent/CA1294056C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-29 RU SU874355873A patent/RU2070734C1/ru active
- 1987-09-29 WO PCT/GB1987/000683 patent/WO1988002516A1/fr unknown
- 1987-09-29 ES ES87308638T patent/ES2047494T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-29 JP JP62505852A patent/JP2848458B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-29 EP EP87308638A patent/EP0262938B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-03 CN CN87106964A patent/CN1029170C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US9400786B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2016-07-26 | Sdl Plc | Computer-implemented method, computer software and apparatus for use in a translation system |
US8935150B2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2015-01-13 | Sdl Plc | Dynamic generation of auto-suggest dictionary for natural language translation |
US9262403B2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2016-02-16 | Sdl Plc | Dynamic generation of auto-suggest dictionary for natural language translation |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0262938A1 (fr) | 1988-04-06 |
CN1029170C (zh) | 1995-06-28 |
DE3788488D1 (de) | 1994-01-27 |
DE3788488T2 (de) | 1994-05-11 |
HK136196A (en) | 1996-08-02 |
CA1294056C (fr) | 1992-01-07 |
WO1988002516A1 (fr) | 1988-04-07 |
CN87106964A (zh) | 1988-06-01 |
JP2848458B2 (ja) | 1999-01-20 |
ES2047494T3 (es) | 1994-03-01 |
JPH01501977A (ja) | 1989-07-06 |
RU2070734C1 (ru) | 1996-12-20 |
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