DE3819710A1 - Parking system and process for the automatic parking of motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

A parking system for the automatic parking of motor vehicles has at least two parking levels (P1, P2) which are arranged one above the other and can be operated by lifting mechanisms (20-23). Each parking level has parking lines (Z1-Z12) and parking rows (RA-RK) which are perpendicular to said parking lines and in which horizontal shifting of the motor vehicles (40) on pallets (41) takes place fully automatically. The parking lines (Z1-Z12) are arranged parallel to the entrance zone (EZ) and to an exit zone (AZ) and the parking rows (RA-RK) are arranged transversely to the entrance zone (EZ) and to an exit zone (AZ). In the entrance line (Z3) and the exit line (Z10), in each case one lifting mechanism (20, 21) is provided for each parking row (RA-RK). In the parking level (P1) containing the entrance zone (EZ) and the exit zone (AZ), the pallets of all the rows can move in the direction (x) of all the rows and, in at least one line (Z9), in the direction (y) transversely thereto. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a parking system for automati Parking of motor vehicles with parking lines and vertical parking rows, in which one horizontal relocation of motor vehicles Pallets are made, as well as with an entry zone and an exit zone.

With increasing density of road traffic grows the need for sufficient parking space to place, especially in busy places like inner-city conurbations (department stores, Banks, administrations, cultural institutions, leisure time locations, sports stadiums, etc.), airports, exhibition centers the like, i.e. wherever there is traffic large, available parking space but scarce and expensive is.

The conventional parking garages built so far with individually approachable via routes and ramps the parking lots are very space-consuming and pose an increasing security risk with increasing size for the user.

Known automatic parking systems at the beginning described type move a motor vehicle driving into a drive-in box immediately in the direction vertical or transverse to the direction of entry to one free parking lot, often either already with this transfer or for transport in the area that usually coincides with the entry zone Exit zone additionally one turn of the vehicle must be done with a turntable.

If more than one entry point is provided, these must be seen in the direction of the vehicle longitudinal axis against each other which are staggered, because otherwise the  to transport vehicles between different Parking levels required with vertical movements the cross movements would collide.

The invention has for its object a Parksy stem and a method for automatic parking of motor vehicles to create a fully automatic Storage and preparation for collection also with a large number of motor vehicles allow minimal space and time.

To solve this problem is with a parking system of the type described in the introduction provided that the parking lines parallel to the entry zone and exit zone and the parking rows perpendicular to it are arranged that the pallets of all rows in the direction from the entry line to the exit time le are movable and that at least in one line the pallets can be moved in the direction transverse to the rows are.

Usually are described in parking systems The best way to use the available Basically, several parking levels are provided one above the other, which can be operated in a known manner by means of hoists are. In such parking systems is further Embodiment of the invention advantageous in the Entry line and in the exit line for each parking row one hoist each.

A method of automatically parking motor vehicles testify on at least one parking level with parking lines and vertical parking rows, in which one horizontal relocation of motor vehicles Pallets are made with the motor vehicles from  parked on a driveway and controlled by a computer in an exit time le will be made available for collection again net according to the invention in that all parked motor vehicles constantly on the shortest Paths are moved towards the exit line, the motor vehicles always in the same orientation, i.e. rotation-free, adjusted, transported, parked and made available for collection can.

An embodiment of this is particularly advantageous Process in which the motor vehicles by means of a priority control preferably in the same Row parked and towards the exit line transported in which they are retracted.

A further development that is also significant in itself of the method according to the invention consists in that the computer automatically to a predetermined Time to transport the parked vehicle into the exit line, for example to the one desired by a user and at the beginning the parking time entered in the computer or at a time specified by the operator, e.g. common for Park & Ride facilities.

The parking system and the parking procedure of motor vehicles according to the invention can be by arranging the parking system between one Entry line and a parallel arranged Exit line and through consistent transport of the parked motor vehicles as far as possible the same row from the entry line a large number of motor vehicles to the exit line Park and collect at the same time, whereby the throughput time through the parking system and thus also the retrieval time to provide a parked Vehicle is minimized to extend.  

The space requirement is minimized by the fact that, apart from a few marshalling areas, - at least one marshalling space per row -, all spaces are arranged directly adjacent to one another in the respective plane without any driving lanes, turning spaces or the like.

As an alternative to that "pre-designed by the user or operator grammed "provision of the vehicle for Pick up at a pre-selected pick up time is also possible conceivable that the user has a desired pick-up time at a time shortly before picking up at a from the entry location corresponding to the exit zone inputs and thus the timely transport in the exit line causes. For example such an entry point on the platform of an S or Subway station, in a department store or the like in one Pedestrian distance provided by the parking system be the time to provide the motor vehicle is sufficient in the exit line, at least however, the waiting time when picking up is reduced.

The invention is based on schematic in the following Drawings on an embodiment with others Details explained in more detail. It shows

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a parking system according to the invention in the direction of arrows II in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through the parking system of FIG. 1 through the lower parking level P 2 and

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through the upper parking level P 1 of the parking system of Fig. 1.

The parking system shown in the figures has two superposed parking levels P 1, P 2, wherein the parking level P has an entry zone EZ and a Ausfahrzone AZ for retracting and extending of motor vehicles 40. 1 Both parking levels have parking rows RA to RK and parking lines Z , the upper parking level P 1 Z 3 to Z 10 parking lines and the lower parking level P 1 additionally having two further parking lines Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 11 , Z 12 on both sides.

The rows and rows are arranged perpendicular to each other like a checkerboard without any lanes in between, each row R having three pallet tracks a , b , c . Instead of three lanes, two lanes or only one lane per row R can also be provided. At least two rows Z and one row R are provided.

Each space in the parking system is equipped with a pallet 41 which can be transported in the longitudinal direction x of the rows, in the longitudinal direction y of the rows and in the vertical direction z by means of lifting devices 20 to 23 .

In the parking system according to the invention is the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle always in the x direction and Transverse axis of the motor vehicle always in the y direction aligned.

In order to enable as many motor vehicles as possible to enter the parking system from the entry zone EZ into the entry line Z 3 at the same time, each row seat is assigned its own lifting mechanism 20 in this entry line. In the same way, each row seat in the exit line Z 10 is assigned its own lifting mechanism 21 , which enables a simultaneous extension across all lanes a , b , c , each row seat from the parking system.

In the figures, lines Z 3 and Z 10 are drawn to illustrate the arrangement of the hoists over the entire length of these lines with a double dash.

To increase flexibility, in addition and preferably in row Z 8 and possibly also in row Z 5 , all rows can also be equipped with hoists, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIGS . 2 and 3.

A drive for moving the pallets 41 in the y direction is preferably installed in the row Z 10 adjacent to the exit row Z 9 , as illustrated by the solid double arrow 30 in FIGS. 2 and 3.

To increase flexibility, the other lines Z 7 and Z 4 may have corresponding drives in the y-direction for the pallets 41 , as indicated by the double arrows 31 , 32 with dashed lines.

While an operation with parking is preferably in the same row R and in this in the same path in which the motor vehicle was driven in, the drives in the y-direction allow lateral displacement of the motor vehicle 40 with unchanged orientation of the motor vehicle longitudinal axis, preferably in Line 9 , ie next to exit line Z 10 , so as to transport and compact the motor vehicles in the direction of or near exit line Z 10 . This ensures that in practice the motor vehicles 40 are constantly moved in the shortest way in the direction from the entry line Z 3 to the exit line Z 10 .

The design of the hoists 20 to 23 for the movement of the pallets in the z direction and the drives of the pallets in the x direction, which are assigned to each row RA to RK , and the drives for the movement of the pallets in the y direction, which only a line, namely line Z 9 , and possibly one or two further lines Z 7 , Z 4 are not shown because they are known.

At least one maneuvering space must be kept free for each row RA to RK to maintain the function of the parking system. In the exemplary embodiments shown, in which each row has three tracks a , b , c , a total of four maneuvering spaces are expediently kept free, two of which can be available in the level P 1 and two in the level P 2 , or else all in the same parking level P 1 , P 2 can be arranged. An increase in the marshalling spaces leads to a reduction in throughput time and, on the other hand, to a reduction in parking capacity. Depending on the practical requirements, a compromise must be made here.

The arrangement of the drives for movement in Row direction enables when there is a strong need Extension power a transverse shift between the exit areas for unfavorably parked vehicles ge, i.e. in crowded rows and far behind.  

The hoists 20 , 21 and possibly 22, 23 and the drives for the movement of the pallets 41 in the x and y directions are actuated by means of an electronic control system having a computer so that there is always a minimum throughput time with the different occupancy which is unavoidable during operation the parking lot is achieved. To ensure a minimum pick-up time, the computer is programmed so that the movements of the pallets 41 in the y and z directions are minimized. A movement in this direction (s) is only triggered by the computer when one of the lanes or rows is occupied by a predetermined factor higher than another.

The control system is designed so that a large Number of vehicles arriving at the same time can be included in the parking system. At the example shown can be practical overall sixty parking spaces are approached at the same time, if each of the thirty driveways still has one Storage space is upstream.

Depending on the occupancy of the adjacent parking spaces, the vehicles can be moved in all three directions from the entry points in the hoists 20 . Movement in the y-direction does not apply to lanes a or c , which are located directly next to a concrete slab required for structural reasons.

The total number of sixty parking spaces corresponds to the embodiment shown 11% of the total parking capacity of the parking system and is so high that a backlog of vehicles on public ground before the garage entrance can be safely avoided.  

The use described below as an example of the parking system according to the invention is based on a division of users into park-and-ride-benut zer (short P) and commercial users (short G users).

The P come to the P with a valid ticket (individual authorization or season ticket), marked by a "P". You put your ticket in an automatic machine at the entrance and receive a parking ticket, provided the number of pallets intended for the P has not yet been used, and can then drive into the entry zone ( EZ ).

The G users come to the commercial entrance with their authorization, marked with a "G". At the entrance, you can insert your ID card in a machine and, if the number of pallets intended for G users has not yet been occupied, you can then drive into the entry zone ( EZ ).

The P and G users who entered the entry zone now enter a free entry box in row Z 3 of the RA-RK series.

An automatic centering control can visually show the user whether he has sufficiently centered his vehicle on the pallet 41 . Then the user leaves the vehicle, locks it and goes in front of the drive-in box to the machines 42 set up there. The user receives his card or his credentials with a magnetic identification in the meantime made regarding the number of the pallet 41 used by him. Each machine 42 can have an input device (not shown) on which each user can enter the desired pick-up time. This pick-up time is saved in the computer. A timer that belongs to the electronic control system and is “preprogrammed” by the user causes the computer to automatically activate the lifting mechanisms and drives in such a way that the parked motor vehicle is made available for pickup in the exit line Z 10 at the preselected time.

To avoid exceeding a maximum parking time, a limitation of the parking time can be programmed into the computer, e.g. B. up to 1/2 hour after the last S or U-Bahn ride on the day in question. At this point in time, the computer then automatically activates the hoists and drives for moving the pallets 41 to provide the motor vehicle in the exit line Z 10 , from where it can then be towed, for example.

Another useful function of the computer can be that if a row with parked motor vehicles is loaded with a predeterminable percentage above the load of the other rows, for example 20%, it temporarily blocks this row for the further entry of motor vehicles 40 until the remaining rows are filled accordingly in order to bring about a uniform distribution of the parked motor vehicles in the parking levels P 1 , P 2 .

The user, who has noted the number of the pallet 41 he has approached, can again insert his card / his credentials in the automatic exit machine 43 installed in the exit zone AZ , in order to transport the parked vehicle from the parking position to the exit line Z 10 can be called up directly. Via a light indicator or the like, which is arranged above the exit boxes, the user is informed when picking up where his vehicle is being extended. The number of his pallet appears on this display. This is particularly important if the vehicle is not extended in the same row as the entry row.

The parking system described requires a minimum of space without ramps and routes within the parking system and completely without turntables. Only entry zone EZ and exit zone AZ are entered . It prevents people from staying in the parking system. Environmental pollution caused by running engines in the parking system is also avoided, because the engines of the motor vehicles are switched off as soon as they enter entry line Z 3 and are only started again when they exit exit line Z 10 .

Thanks to the electronic control system with computer minimal throughput times, i.e. very achieve short waiting times when picking up the vehicle.

The pick-up time can be shortened for the first time by the user inserting his parking ticket into a machine installed there at the platform and thus triggering the extension process in the parking system. During the time it takes the user to get from the platform to the exit zone ( AZ ), his vehicle is moved towards the exit box.

Furthermore, the pick-up time becomes significant for the user shortened if a timer as already described is integrated in the electronic control system.

The timer allows the pick-up time desired by the user to be pre-programmed on the machine 42 in the entry zone or on the entry boxes. In this case, the pallet 41 is brought into the vicinity of the exit boxes with the user's vehicle immediately after the entry, that is, long before the pick-up according to priority rules.

In the parking system according to the invention is regarding the building regulations the effort for Escape routes, ventilation and safety and surveillance devices minimal because people not stay in the parking system itself.

Claims (20)

1. Parking system for automatic parking of motor vehicles testify on at least one parking level ( P 1 , P 2 ) with parking lines ( Z 1- Z 12 ) and vertical parking rows ( RA-RK ), in which a horizontal shift of the motor vehicles ( 40 ) Pallets ( 41 ), as well as with an entry zone ( EZ ) and an exit zone ( AZ ), characterized thereby,
that the parking lines ( Z 1 to Z 12 ) are arranged parallel (in the y direction) to the entry zone ( EZ ) and exit zone ( AZ ) and the parking rows ( RA-RK ) are arranged perpendicular to it (in the x direction),
that the pallets ( 41 ) of all rows in the direction ( x ) from the entry line ( Z 3 ) to the exit line ( Z 10 ) are movable and
that at least in one row ( Z 9 ) the pallets can be moved in the direction ( y ) transversely (double arrows 30 ) to the rows ( RA-RK ). 2. Parking system according to claim with at least two stacked parking levels ( P 1 , P 2 ), which are connected by hoists ( 20-23 ), characterized in that in the Einfahrzei le ( Z 3 ) and the exit line ( Z 10 ) for each row of parking spaces ( RA-RK ) is provided with a hoist ( 20 , 21 ). 3. Parking system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the one line ( Z 9 ), in which the pallets are movable transversely to the rows ( RA-RK ), is immediately before the exit line ( Z 10 ). 4. Parking system according to claim 3, characterized in that the pallets ( 41 ) in at least one further line ( Z 7 , Z 4 ) are movable transversely (double arrows 31, 32 ) to the rows ( RA-RK ). 5. Parking system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in at least one further, from the entry line ( Z 3 ) and the exit line ( Z 10 ) spaced line ( Z 8 , Z 5 ) for each parking row ( RA -RK ) one hoist ( 22 , 23 ) is arranged. 6. Parking system according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that in each row ( RA-RK ) at least one track ( a , b or c ) with pallets ( 41 ) are provided for each row of motor vehicles and the hoists ( 20th -23 ) are designed as single or multiple hoists according to the number of lanes. 7. Parking system according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the entry zone ( EZ ) and the exit zone ( AZ ) are provided in different parking levels. 8. Parking system according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that in the or the parking levels ( P 2 ) below or above the parking level containing the entry and / or exit zone ( P 1 ) of the entry and exit zone additional lines ( Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 11 , Z 12 ) are provided. 9. Parking system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an electronic control system to be actuated by the user and / or a program with a computer for the occupancy-controlled activation of the drives of the pallets ( 41 ) and possibly the lifting mechanisms ( 20- 23 ) for automatically transporting a motor vehicle parked in the entry line ( Z 3 ) to a free parking space in one of the parking levels ( P 1 , P 2 ) as close as possible to the exit line ( Z 10 ). 10. Parking system according to claim 9, characterized in that in the entry zone ( EZ ) and the exit zone ( AZ ) stations for issuing and / or marking and registering different parking tickets, season tickets or the like. For recording and processing data, in particular regarding the type of user, number of pallet approached, desired or prescribed exit time, etc. are provided. 11. Parking system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized characterized that the calculator the electronic control system a timer is assigned in the desired departure times entered and further processed in the computer that the drives of the pallets and of the hoists in good time before the entered Exit time the transport of the parked motor vehicle get stuff in the exit zone. 12. Method for automatic parking of motor vehicles on at least one parking level with parking lines and vertical parking rows, in which one  horizontal relocation of motor vehicles Pallets are made with the motor vehicles from parked on a driveway and controlled by a computer in an exit line to be made available for collection again, characterized in that all parked motor vehicles constantly on the shortest Paths can be moved towards the exit line. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized records that the motor vehicles in always same orientation, i.e. rotation-free, on provides, transported, parked and for collection to be provided. 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized characterized that the motor vehicles preferred by means of a priority control parked in the same row and towards are transported to the exit line in the they are retracted. 15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that when occupying a row by a predetermined factor higher than in any other row movements in the direction ( y , z ) triggered transversely to the rows and / or the entry into them Row is locked. 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the Motor vehicles for placing one above the other arranged parking levels in each one in the entry zone le and row seat located in the exit line can be transported vertically.   17. The method, in particular according to one of the claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the computer automatically to a predetermined Time to transport the parked vehicle prompted in the exit line. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized records that the user has the desired Pick-up time at the beginning of the parking time in the computer enters. 19. The method according to claim 17, characterized records that the user is transporting his motor vehicle in the exit line to Time of collection by inserting the Arrange parking tickets or the like in a pick-up station leaves. 20. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the User at a pick-up station where he Pickup can trigger the driveway and number of the pallet approached will.