DE3208818C2 - Electrically unlockable lock with local power supply and piezoelectric locking bolt - Google Patents

Abstract

The electric lock, particularly suitable for doors or windows, comprises a manually operated bolt (1). A locking member (3) moved by an electric drive device (5) blocks the bolt (1) in at least one of its closed positions. An electrical reading and control device (7, 9) which controls the drive device (5) is provided for reading the locking identifier of a key (11). The drive device (5) and the reading and control device (7, 9) are connected to a network-independent voltage store (15) which is charged by a generator (19) that can be operated independently of the network. When using a dynamo-electric generator, it is driven by the opening and closing movement of the door, the door handle, the lock or the key. It is also possible to use electromagnetic or piezoelectric sound transducers for air or structure-borne sound or photoelectric or thermoelectric transducers for generating the charging current of the voltage store (15).

Description

The invention relates to an electrically unlockable lock, in particular a cylinder lock with a local power supply and a piezoelectric locking bolt according to the preamble of claim 1.

From CH-PS 5 78 670 a cylinder lock is known, the bolt of which can be actuated manually via a rotary knob that can be blocked by means of the cylinder lock The cylinder of the cylinder lock is coupled to the bolt via an extension member, which is connected to a additional locking bolt can be locked relative to the bolt guide. The locking bolt is axially displaceable to the lock cylinder and carries an anchor an electromagnet. The excitation circuit of the electromagnet is controlled by a card reader

The well-known lock is part of a centrally controllable locking system, as it is for. B. is used in hotels. Can from a central point the locks are blocked regardless of the locking status of the cylinder locks in order to prevent the To complicate the lock with a duplicate key. The locks are operated depending on the power grid via supply lines.

From US-PS 41 48 092 an electric door lock is known, the bolt by means of the door handle

or the like is operated manually. The door handle and thus the lock bolt can be blocked by means of a blocking bolt driven by an electromagnet. The electromagnet is fed from a local battery and is controlled via a local numeric keypad The locking bolt forms the armature of the electromagnet and is inserted into the lock bolt by a spring Pre-tensioned blocking position around the blocking bolt hold in the position releasing the lock bolt even without current being supplied to the solenoid can, a permanent magnet is provided that the locking bar against the force of the spring in this Can hold position. The magnetic coil requires comparatively high excitation currents and loads the local one Battery comparatively strong.

From DE-OS 25 06 C51 a reading device for a magnetic card is known in which the magnets of Card induce currents in the sensing windings of the reading device, which are transmitted directly via the operational amplifier can be used to control a relay. The reading and control device is via a transformer with downstream rectifier, depending on the power supply operated.

It is the object of the invention to provide an electrically controllable device that electrically reads the locking identifier of a key To improve the lock of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 that it is relatively small Has dimensions and can be operated independently of the mains with a comparatively low electrical control power is

This object is achieved according to the invention by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1 Features solved

In such a lock, the blocking bolt is driven by a piezoelectric transducer element. Such transducer elements have small dimensions and generate relatively little electrical Control power great driving forces. Due to the small dimensions, the lock can in particular be designed as a cylinder lock, the blocking bolt and the piezoelectric transducer element is integrated into the housing accommodating the lock cylinder is The locally provided, network-independent storage device for electrical energy is being compared little burden, since both the electricity demand of the local reading and control device and the electricity demand of the piezoelectric transducer element is small. In order to achieve sufficiently large strokes of the locking bar, this is expediently via a transmission gear, in particular a lever mechanism which translates eLi coupled to the transducer element

The drive device is preferably designed so that it can drive the locking bar in two opposite directions of movement. This reading and Control device gives depending on the agreement or non-agreement of the read Locking ID with a given locking ID different signals for unlocking or unlocking. Lock the lock bolt on the drive device. For the two opposite directions of movement separate piezoelectric transducer elements may be present; but it can also voltage of different polarity can be applied to a single piezoelectric transducer element. The locking bolt is driven into one of two end positions by the drive device, in which it is locked by Rastorgarrn or holding magnets or the like.

In another embodiment, the drive device drives the blocking bolt in only one single, predetermined direction of movement. The blocking bolt is in the opposite direction of movement Pre-tensioned by a return spring Depending on whether the locking bar is in the position of the return spring locks or unlocks the lock bolt in a certain rest position, the reading and control device releases the drive device off when the key's locking ID matches the specified locking ID of the Lock matches or does not match

The reading and control device preferably emits a current pulse in each case to actuate the drive device away. The duration of the current pulse is dimensioned so that the locking bar from a rest position to the others are moved. As far as the locking bolt by a return spring in a locking bolt In addition, the reading and control device holds the locking bar preloaded in the end position for the period of time the manual movement of the lock in the unlocked position Position.

The lock is preferably a cylinder lock, which is in a housing by means of a The key's rotating cylinder drives the lock bolt. The locking bolt locks the cylinder relative to the housing. However, the invention is not limited to such embodiments. For example, this can Locking member block a longitudinally displaceable core that carries the lock bolt or the lock bolt drives

In the following, embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to drawings. It shows

F i g. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical, network-independent, operated by a local generator electric lock for a door or a window;

F i g. 2 to 5 different embodiments with a dynamo-electric, manually drivable generator;

F i g. 6 a dynamo-electric generator in which ^ the key of the lock is part of the generator;

F i g. 7 and 8 are schematic sectional views of two in the circuit of FIG. 1 usable cylinder locks;

F i g. 9 to 11 partial views of the drive devices other electric locks according to FIG. 1 and

F i g. 12 a schematic representation of its magnetic encoded key with associated reading device.

F i g. I scher.iatisch shows you directly or indirectly manually displaceable lock bolt 1 of a lock, in particular a door or window lock, which is medium » a blocking bolt 3 can be locked in one or more of its closed positions 3 is from an electric drive device 5 depending on a control signal from a controller 7 either into its locked position, in which he blocked the lock bolt 1 against manual 3ewegen or unlocked his Position in which the lock bolt 1 can be moved manually controls. The controller 7 responds to the signal an electrical reader 9, which the locking identifier of a key 11 either mechanically scans by means of electrical contacts or the locking code with i.:*gnetisch or optically coded Keys contactless reads. Depending on the design of the lock, the control unit unlocks or locks 7 the lock bolt 1 if the lock identifier of the

Key 11 matches or does not match a predetermined key code of the lock.

The drive device 5, the controller 7 and the reader 9 are connected to a common network-independent, local voltage source 13 connected. The voltage source 13 includes a memory 15 for electrical Energy, for example a rechargeable accumulator or a capacitor, which is also locally via a rectifier circuit 17, that is to say in the Near the lock arranged generator 19 is charged. A voltage regulating circuit 21 connected downstream of the voltage memory 15 ensures independently of the State of charge of the voltage store 15 for a constant output voltage.

Such an electric lock has a high level of locking security due to the electrical coding of the Lock identifier and is also locally independent, similar to a mechanical lock.

F i g. 2 shows the arrangement of a dynamo-electric generator, which generates the charging current for the energy store of the electric lock according to FIG. 1 generated. A dynamo-electric generator 25 is attached to a door leaf 23 of a door, the drive pinion 27 of which with a stationary toothed segment 29 is attached Door hinge 31 combs "> he generator 25 generates electricity when the door is opened and closed manually. The The generator 25 can of course be arranged in a stationary manner and driven by a toothed segment connected to the door leaf 23.

Another dynamo-electric generator 33 is in drive connection with a gear unit 35 Locking cylinder 37 or core of a door lock that can be closed manually by means of a key. Go berserk of the key, a bolt 39 of the lock is moved on the one hand and the generator 33 is driven on the other hand. The generators 25 and 33 can together for loading the chip storage of the electric Lock be present; however, only a single one of these generators is sufficient even in individual cases.

F i g. 3 shows another embodiment in which a dynamo-electric generator 41 via a gear train 43 by the pivoting movement of a door handle 45 is driven. Alternatively, the drive movement of the generator can also be achieved by some other rotary, Swiveling or sliding element can be caused on the door.

F i g. 4 shows a drive pinion 47 of a dynamo-electric generator, which is inserted into a key channel 49 protrudes and meshes with a tooth 51 of a key 53 of the lock that can be inserted into the keyway 49 When the key 53 is manually inserted or removed, the generator is driven.

F i g. 5 shows a drive pinion 55 of a dynamo-electric generator, which is provided with a rack 57 The rack 57 is in the longitudinal direction of a key channel 59 against the action of a compression spring 61 slidable when a key 63 is inserted. The generator is activated when you insert the key 63 manually driven into the key channel 59. When removing the key 63, the compression spring 61 drives the Generator.

F i g. 6 shows an induction coil 65, which has a key channel 67 or one on both sides of the key channel 67 ending yoke (not shown) encloses In the key channels 67 there is at least one on a key 69 held magnet 71 can be inserted, which generates a current in the coil 65 when it is pushed in or pulled out induced In this embodiment the key is 69

Part of the generator.

F i g. Figure 7 shows a cylinder lock having a housing 73 and a core or cylinder 75 rotatable therein eccentric nose 77 or the like drives over a Link opening 79 or a cam or the like a sliding bolt 81.

By means of a flat key 85 which can be inserted into a key receiving slot 83, the sliding bolt 81 moved manually and the lock is locked or

ίο be unlocked.

Radially displaceable probe segments 87 are resiliently guided in the housing 73, through circumferential slots 89 of the cylinder 75 engage in the key channel 83. In the present embodiment, the split key segments Elements 87 keys which are differentiated by notches 91 Depth certain locking ID of the key 85 and actuate switching contacts 93, if the locking ID of the key 85 with the locking ID of the Lock matches. The switching contacts 93 form an electrical reading device which sends drive pulses via a pulse generator circuit (not shown) Piezoelectric elements 95 and 97 emit The expanding when a drive pulse is applied piezoelectric elements 95 and 97 press a Lever 99, which has a cylinder at its free end 75 pointing locking cam 101 carries in opposite directions. The locking cam 101 engages in his the end position closer to the cylinder 75 in a locking recess 103 on the circumference of the cylinder 75 and blocks this. In the other end position, the cylinder 75 is rotatable. Latching magnets 105 and 107 hold the At least in the area of these magnets made of ferromagnetic material, the lever 99 is fixed in its end positions. The piezoelectric element 95 is excited by a pulse if the lock code is not met, for example when removing the key 85 or when inserting one Key with an incorrect key identifier. When inserting the key with a matching lock tion is the piezoelectric element 97 by means of a Pulse excites which pushes the lever 99 into its position cleared by the cylinder 95. Alternatively, it can a magnet can also be attached to the lever 99, which is associated with ferromagnetic wall areas of the housing 73 cooperates

With the aid of the piezoelectric elements 95, 97, relatively high actuation forces can be achieved which can safely lock or unlock even when the locking cams 101 are dirty or jammed. The piezo electrical elements 95, 97 are relatively nal :; the Pivot axis 109 of the lever arranged to be even with a small change in dimensions of the piezoelectric Elements 95, 97 to achieve a sufficiently large stroke of the locking cam 101.

The castle of the F i g. 7 is blocked exclusively by the electrically operated locking cam 101 FIG. 8 shows a cylinder lock, which is also blocked by mechanical tumblers. A cylinder 113 is in turn rotatably arranged in a housing 111. net that moves the lock bolt via an eccentric cam 115 or the like into a key channel 117 of the cylinder 113, a flat key 119 can be inserted, the notches 121 of which are spring-loaded tumbler pins 123 control. The conventionally subdivided

it locking devices 123 allow a rotation of the cylinder 113 when the mechanical locking identifier of the Key 119 matches the mechanical locking ID of the lock. In addition to the mechanical

Niche tumblers are according to the lock of FIG. 7 scanning segments 125 in the housing 111 resilient slidably guided. The scanning segments 125 scan further notches of the key 119 and close if the closing identifier matches, electrical contacts 127. Another electrical contact 129 is connected One of the mechanical tumblers 123 responds if the correct key is fully inserted became.

In the housing 111 is a lever 131 at its one The end pivoted about a pivot axis 133. The lever 131 carries a to its other end Cylinder 113 facing locking cam 135 for locking of the cylinder 113 can engage in a recess 137 on its circumference. A return spring 139 biases the lever 131 so that the locking cam 135 disengages from the recess 137 in the rest state. A piezoelectric Element 141, which is arranged near the pivot axis 33, expands when one is inflated Drive signal, whereby the locking cam 135 engages in the recess 137.

The castle of the F i g. 8 is usually replaced by the mechanical tumblers 123 blocked. If a key 119 is introduced, its locking code the mechanical locking code of the lock is fulfilled, but not the electrical one, then the piezoelectric one Element 141 energized and electrically blocked the lock. When the key 119 is withdrawn, contact is ensured 129 for ensuring that the piezoelectric element 141 is not energized and does not consume any current.

F i £. 9 shows another embodiment in which, in a housing 143 of a cylinder lock, a lever 145 is mounted at one end so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 147. The lever 145 carries at its other end a detent cam 151 which points towards a rotatable lock cylinder 149 and which is biased to engage by a biasing spring 153 in a detent recess 15/5 on the circumference of the lock cylinder 149. A piezoelectric element 157 arranged in the vicinity of the pivot axis 147 pushes the locking cam 151 out of the recess 155 when it is excited Lock matches, a controller generates a drive pulse of predetermined duration, which is fed to the piezoelectric element 157. During the duration of the pulse, the lock cylinder 149 is unlocked and can be moved manually to unlock the lock.

The F i g. 10 and 11 show a further embodiment of a cylinder lock with a housing 181, in which a key receiving core 183, which in turn moves the lock bolt, is rotatably mounted A locking pin 185, which is mounted in the housing 181 so as to be displaceable radially to the core 183, is supported by a Spring 187 against the coat de :; Kerns 183 prestressed At least in the closed positions of the core 183 there are domes tapering to the jacket surface 189 is provided, into which the locking pin 185 engages. In the housing 181 there is also a lever 191 by approximately Axis 193 running parallel to the sliding direction of the locking pin 185 is pivotably mounted on the one remote from the locking pin Side of the lever 191 attached to the housing 181 in the area of the pivot axis 193 piezoelectric When energized, element 195 presses the lever 191 into a locking recess 197 of the locking pin 185. The Locking recess 197 is arranged so that the locking pin 185 locks in the locking trough 189 and the core 183 is thus secured against twisting. A return spring 199 pushes the lever 191 when the piezoelectric is de-energized Element 195 from the locking recess

197. The core 183 can be rotated with it, whereby the inclined surfaces of the locking trough 189 the locking pin Push 185 out of the locking recess.

In the exemplary embodiments explained above

ίο is the lock bolt manually using the in the Lock cylinder inserted key moves. Other embodiments are also conceivable, in particular those in which the key only carries the locking code, manual movement of the However, the lock bolt is carried out via other organs, for example rotary knobs, push handles or the like will. In particular, it can be provided that the locking cams engage directly in the lock bolt and do not block the firing cylinder acting on the firing unit.

Fig. 12 shows a magnetically encoded key 201, the shaft 207 of which can be inserted into a key slot 203 of a reader 205 in one of the locking codes forming grid magnets 209, which by magnetic field probes, for example Hall generators 211 or reed contacts can be read. The key 201 can be used to generate a manual closing movement of the bolt are exploited; but it can also be designed in the form of a "plug-in card".

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (12)

Patent claims: 1. Lock, in particular cylinder lock, with a manually lockable lock bolt (1; 81), with a by means of a key (11; 53; 63; 69; 85; 119; 181) locking device (3, 5; 95, 97, 101; 135, 141; 151, 157; 185) for blocking the lock bolt in at least one of its closed positions, with an electric drive device (5; 95, 97; 141; 157; 195) for the Locking bar (3; 101; 135; 151) and with an electric reading device controlling the drive and control device (7, 9; 87, 93; 125, 127; 191) for reading a locking identifier of the key, characterized in that the drive device and the reading and control device are connected to a network-independent memory (15) for electrical energy and / or are connected to a generator (i S; 25,33; 41; 65) that can be operated independently of the mains, and that the drive device as piezoelectric transducer element (95,97; 141; 157) is formed 2. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric transducer element (95, 97; 141; 157) via a step-up gear, in particular a step-up lever gear (99; 131; 145) is connected to the blocking bolt (101; 135; 151) 3. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive device has two piezoelectric transducer elements (95, 97) driving the blocking bolt (101) in opposite directions of movement and that the read and Control device (87, 93) depending on the agreement or non-agreement of the read locking identifier with a predetermined one Lock identifier different signals for unlocking or locking the lock bolt (81) to the Drive device (95,97) delivers 4. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric transducer element (141; 157; 163) the blocking bolt (135; 151; 171) drives in a predetermined direction of movement that a return spring (139; 153; 169) drives the blocking bolt biases in the opposite direction of movement, that the return spring (139) biases the blocking bolt (135) in the direction that unlocks the lock bolt, that the lock is also mechanically see, by means of the key (119) has lockable tumblers (113) and that the reading and control device (125, 127) the drive device (141) Drives in the blocking direction if the read lock identifier is different from a specified lock identifier deviates. 5. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (41) with a door or Window handle (45) is coupled that the return spring (153; 169) the locking member (151; 171) in the Bolt locking direction and that the reading and control device drives the drive device (157; 163) in the unlocking direction when the The read locking identifier matches a specified locking identifier 6. Lock according to one of claims 3 or 5, characterized in that the reading and control device (7, 9) for actuating the drive device device emits a current pulse each time 7. Lock according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the blocking bolt (101) has at least one end position stabilized by a latching member Has 8. Lock according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one permanent magnet as a locking member (105,107) is provided to which a ferromagnetic Anchor piece (99) is assigned 9. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking bolt (131) is designed that it is in the case of a currentless or defective drive device (141) or reading and control device is in its position releasing the lock bolt 10. Sc.iloß according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking bolt (191) moved by the piezoelectric transducer element (195) is a of control and blocking surfaces (189) of the lock bolt which run obliquely to the direction of movement or a part (183), in particular of the key, which is coupled to the lock bolt Locking member (185) blocked 11. Lock according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking member (185) in the housing (181) of the lock is movably mounted and by a spring (187) against a surface of the Lock bolt or a part (183) coupled with it is biased and that the blocking bolt (197) the locking member (185) is positively locked in the position engaging in the locking trough (189) 12. Lock according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a cylinder lock its length in a housing (73; 1 ii; 143; 16i) rotatable, the key receiving cylinder (75; 117; 149; 165) drives the lock bolt (81) and of the blocking bolt (101; 135; 151; IVi) on the housing is lockable